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Song C, Park J, Kim S, Nam D, Kohmura Y, Ishikawa T. Three-dimensional imaging with coherent X-rays at nano-scale resolution and beyond. Acta Crystallogr A 2011. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767311097765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Song C, Sperl M, Utz M, Ciorga M, Woltersdorf G, Schuh D, Bougeard D, Back CH, Weiss D. Proximity induced enhancement of the Curie temperature in hybrid spin injection devices. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:056601. [PMID: 21867085 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.056601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the increase of the Curie temperature T(C) in a lateral spin injection geometry where the ferromagnetic (Ga,Mn)As injector and detector contacts are capped by a thin iron film. Because of interlayer coupling between Fe and (Ga,Mn)As T(C) gets enhanced by nearly 100% for the thinnest (Ga,Mn)As films. The use of the proximity effect might pave the way for practical implementation of spintronic devices.
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Song C, Kanthasamy A, Jin H, Anantharam V, Kanthasamy AG. Paraquat induces epigenetic changes by promoting histone acetylation in cell culture models of dopaminergic degeneration. Neurotoxicology 2011; 32:586-95. [PMID: 21777615 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2011.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Revised: 04/22/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Environmental neurotoxic exposure to agrochemicals has been implicated in the etiopathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). The widely used herbicide paraquat is among the few environmental chemicals potentially linked with PD. Since epigenetic changes are beginning to emerge as key mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases, herein we examined the effects of paraquat on histone acetylation, a major epigenetic change in chromatin that can regulate gene expression, chromatin remodeling, cell survival and cell death. Exposure of N27 dopaminergic cells to paraquat induced histone H3 acetylation in a time-dependent manner. However, paraquat did not alter acetylation of another core histone H4. Paraquat-induced histone acetylation was associated with decreased total histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity and HDAC4 and 7 protein expression levels. To determine if histone acetylation plays a role in paraquat-induced apoptosis, the novel HAT inhibitor anacardic acid was used. Anacardic acid treatment significantly attenuated paraquat-induced caspase-3 enzyme activity, suppressed proteolytic activation and kinase activity of protein kinase C delta (PKCδ) and also blocked paraquat-induced cytotoxicity. Together, these results demonstrate that the neurotoxic agent paraquat induced acetylation of core histones in cell culture models of PD and that the inhibition of HAT activity by anacardic acid protects against apoptotic cell death, indicating that histone acetylation may represent key epigenetic changes in dopaminergic neuronal cells during neurotoxic insults.
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Gao Y, Feng CG, Song C, Du ZQ, Deng XM, Li N, Hu XX. Mapping quantitative trait loci affecting chicken body size traits via genome scanning. Anim Genet 2011; 42:670-4. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2011.02193.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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230
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Cheng W, Song C, Anjum KM, Chen M, Li D, Zhou H, Wang W, Chen J. Coenzyme Q plays opposing roles on bacteria/fungi and viruses in Drosophila innate immunity. Int J Immunogenet 2011; 38:331-7. [PMID: 21518260 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2011.01012.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ or ubiquinone) is a lipid-soluble component of virtually all types of cell membranes and has been shown to play multiple metabolic functions. Several clinical diseases including encephalomyopathy, cerebellar ataxia and isolated myopathy were shown to be associated with CoQ deficiency. However, the role of CoQ in immunity has not been defined. In the present study, we showed that flies defective in CoQ biosynthetic gene coq2 were more susceptible to bacterial and fungal infections, while were more resistant to viruses. We found that Drosophila contained both CoQ9 and CoQ10, and food supplement of CoQ10 could partially rescue the impaired immune functions of coq2 mutants. Surprisingly, wild-type flies fed CoQ10 became more susceptible to viral infection, which suggested that extra caution should be taken when using CoQ10 as a food supplement. We further showed that CoQ was essential for normal induction of anti-microbial peptides and amplification of viruses. Our work determined CoQ content in Drosophila and described its function in immunity for the first time.
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Park I, Lee J, Ahn J, Lee D, Song C, Hong J, Kim C, Ahn H. Prognostic factors and survial of advanced renal cell carcinoma with predominant sarcomatoid histology. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.7_suppl.400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
400 Background: Sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma (SRCC) is known to have aggressive clinical course and poor response to treatment. Very limited data of clinical feature, prognostic factor, and survival are available for advanced disease with predominant sarcomatoid histology. We evaluated clinical features, response to treatment, and prognostic factors for survival. Methods: Between 2001 and 2010, 30 patients with metastatic or recurrent RCC with predominant sarcomatoid histology (sarcomatoid component 30% or more for resected kidney or exclusive sarcomatoid carcinoma on needle biopsy) were treated at our institution. We reviewed these patients' records to identify clinical and pathologic features which could affect survival. The role of nephrectomy and systemic therapy on patient outcome was also investigated. Results: There were 20 male and 10 female patients with a median age of 58 years (range, 43–83). Twenty patients had initially metastatic disease and 16 patients (53%) had ECOG performance status (PS) of 0–1. The most frequent metastatic site was lung (57%) followed by bone (43%) and distant lymph nodes (23%). Fourteen (70%) out of 20 patients with initially metastatic disease underwent primary nephrectomy and six patients also underwent metastasectomy. The median % of sarcomatoid component was 80% (range, 30–100%). All patients (N=10) who received immunotherapy had progressive disease as their best response and only one out of 5 patients treated with sunitinib or everolimus had a partial response. With a median follow-up duration of 22 months, the median survival was 3.6 months (95% CI, 0∼7.5) with 6-month survival rate of 43%. Only ECOG PS had impact on survival (P<0.001: ECOG=0, 14.1 months; ECOG=1, 7.4 months; ECOG=2, 3.2 months, and ECOG=3, 1.64 months). Survivals for initially metastatic disease were not significantly different whether patients underwent nephrectomy or not (2.0 months vs. 3.4 months, HR=0.62, 95% CI, 0.16–2.44 after correcting for potential prognostic factors). Conclusions: Patients with SRCC have a fulminant clinical course and the majority of patients had disease progression irrespective of any treatment. Only performance status dose have impact on overall survival. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Lee J, Park S, Lim H, Kwon J, Kim G, Song C, Hong J, Kim C, Ahn H, Ahn J. Phase II study of a polyethoxylated castor oil–free, polymeric micelle formulation of paclitaxel for patients with advanced urothelial cancer previously treated with gemcitabine and platinum. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.7_suppl.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
272 Background: Paclitaxel-loaded polymeric micelle (Genexol-PM; G-PM) is a novel polyethoxylated castor oil (Cremophor EL [CrEL])-free formulation of paclitaxel. This multicenter phase II study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the G-PM monotherapy for the treatment of gemcitabine- and cisplatin-refractory advanced urothelial cancer. Methods: Patients with advanced urothelial cancer received G-PM 240 mg/m2 intravenously over 3 hours every 3 weeks without premedication as salvage chemotherapy after failure to gemcitabine and cisplatin combination chemotherapy. Intrapatient dose escalation of G-PM to 300 mg/m2 was carried out from the second cycle if the prespecified toxicities were not observed after the first cycle. Results: Thirty-seven patients were enrolled in this study. Platinum-free interval was less than 6 months in 72% of patients and 64% of patients were categorized into intermediate or poor prognostic group. Overall response rate was 19% including one complete response. When response occurs it is long lasting with a median response duration of 7.8 months (range 1.5∼19.3+). The median progression-free survival was 2.7 months (95% CI, 09-4.6) with a median overall survival of 5.7 months (95% CI, 3.1-8.3). The most common major grade 3-4 non-hematologic toxicity was peripheral neuropathy (sensory type 5.6% and motor type 8.3%) followed by infection (5.6%). Grade 3 or worse hematologic toxicities were observed in only one patient. Conclusions: G-PM showed modest activity with favorable toxicity profiles when used as salvage therapy after gemcitabine-cisplatin failure in advanced urothelial cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Choi K, Song C, Cheong C, Rhim H. Pharmacological studies of Cav3.1 T-type calcium channels using automated patch-clamp techniques. Gen Physiol Biophys 2011; 30:100-5. [DOI: 10.4149/gpb_2011_01_100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Lei YJ, Wang XB, Song C, Li FH, Wang XR. A study on ruthenium-based catalysts for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2011; 64:117-121. [PMID: 22053465 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2011.585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Ruthenium-based catalysts were prepared by a saturation-dip method. Their catalytic activity was evaluated by a catalytic wet oxidation (CWO) process. The ruthenium-based catalysts were used to purify organic pharmaceutical wastewater with high concentration pyridine and pyridine derivatives that have high chemical oxygen demand (COD). In the CWO process, organic pharmaceutical wastewater was continuously pumped into fixed-bed reactors filled with Ru-based catalysts, while the organic components in wastewater were catalytically degraded by oxygen at high temperatures and pressures (temperature, 170-300 degrees C; pressure, 1.0-10 MPa). The experimental results showed that the prepared catalysts could effectively purify pharmaceutical wastewater with high concentration organic components, which are difficult to degrade biochemically, and that the removal rates of both COD and total nitrogen were over 99%.
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Song C, Gu X, Feng C, Wang Y, Gao Y, Hu X, Li N. Evaluation of SNPs in the chicken HMGA2 gene as markers for body weight gain. Anim Genet 2010; 42:333-6. [PMID: 21554352 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2010.02141.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A QTL affecting body weight in chickens has been mapped to GGA1, between the markers GCT0006 and MCW0106. The gene HMGA2, which was previously identified as a candidate gene for determining body height in humans and mice, is also conspicuously close to the MCW0106 marker in chickens. Subsequently, 14 SNP markers of HMGA2 were genotyped in CAU chicken resource populations, and the associations between body weight and those SNP markers that displayed polymorphisms were analysed. Three SNPs (rs13849241, rs15231472 and rs13849381) were found to be significantly correlated with body weight in chickens (P < 0.05). Furthermore, haplotypes constructed based on these three SNPs were also discovered to be associated with body weight in chickens at the ages of 6, 7, 9 and 12 weeks. These results suggest that the chicken HMGA2 gene is indeed involved in body weight gain.
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Song C, Jia Q, Fang J, Li F, Wang C, Zhang Z. Computational identification of citrus microRNAs and target analysis in citrus expressed sequence tags. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2010; 12:927-34. [PMID: 21040308 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2009.00300.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a new family of small RNA molecules found in plants and animals. We developed a comprehensive strategy for identifying new miRNA homologues by mining the repository of available citrus expressed sequence tags (ESTs). By adopting a range of filtering criteria, we identified a total of 38 potential miRNAs--nine, five, nine and 15 miRNAs in Citrus trifoliata (ctr-miRNAs), C. clementina (ccl-miRNAs), C. reticulata (crt-miRNAs) and C. sinensis (csi-miRNAs), respectively--from more than 430,000 EST sequences in citrus. Using the potential miRNA sequences, we conducted a further BLAST search of the mRNA database and found six potential target genes in these citrus species. Eight miRNAs were selected in order to verify their existence in citrus using Northern blotting, and the functions of several miRNAs in miRNA-mediated gene regulation are experimentally suggested. It appears that all these miRNAs regulate expression of their target genes by cleavage, which is the most common situation in gene regulation mediated by plant miRNAs. Our achievement in identifying new miRNAs in citrus provides a powerful incentive for further studies on the important roles of these miRNAs.
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237
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Song C, Schwarzkopf DS, Rees G. Does size matter more in the same eye? J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/10.7.1389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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238
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Li X, Cai JF, Guo YD, Wu KL, Wang JF, Liu QL, Wang XH, Chang YF, Yang L, Lan LM, Zhong M, Wang X, Song C, Liu Y, Li JB, Dai ZH. The availability of 16S rRNA for the identification of forensically important flies (Diptera: Muscidae) in China. Trop Biomed 2010; 27:155-166. [PMID: 20962711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Many species of Muscidae are cosmopolitan synanthropic insects. It is frequently found on dead bodies after death, so an accurate identification of each species is necessary for the correct estimation of the postmortem interval (PMI). Identification species of Muscidae is traditionally performed through their morphological features. However, the morphological similarity of Muscidae in the level of species usually poses a challenge for forensic entomologists. Therefore a molecular method used 16S rRNA sequence on mitochondrial DNA was established for species identification. In this study, a 289 base pair region of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) coding for 16S rRNA was investigated for identification of the following forensically important species of Muscidae. The specimens were from four genera, including 18 Musca domestica (Linnaeus, 1758), 2 Ophyra spinigera (Stein, 1910), 2 Ophyra chalcogaster (Wiedemann, 1824), 1 Morellia hortorum (Fallén, 1817), and 1 Fannia canicularis (Linnaeus, 1761). 16S rDNA region allowed the identification of these species of Muscidae, indicating the possibility of separation congeneric species with molecular method.
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Song C, Nyflot M, Harari P, Perlman S, Jeraj R. MO-D-204B-08: Classification and Characterization of Tumor Subpopulations Using Molecular Imaging. Med Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3469069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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240
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Moldovan C, Soria J, LoRusso P, Guthrie T, Song C, Nguyen LT, Martini J, Infante JR, Burris HA. A phase I safety and pharmacokinetic (PK) study of the PI3K inhibitor XL147 (SAR245408) in combination with erlotinib in patients (pts) with advanced solid tumors. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.3070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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241
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Abbasi RU, Abu-Zayyad T, Al-Seady M, Allen M, Amman JF, Anderson RJ, Archbold G, Belov K, Belz JW, Bergman DR, Blake SA, Brusova OA, Burt GW, Cannon C, Cao Z, Deng W, Fedorova Y, Finley CB, Gray RC, Hanlon WF, Hoffman CM, Holzscheiter MH, Ivanov D, Hughes G, Hüntemeyer P, Ivanov D, Jones BF, Jui CCH, Kim K, Kirn MA, Loh EC, Liu J, Lundquist JP, Maestas MM, Manago N, Marek LJ, Martens K, Matthews JAJ, Matthews JN, Moore SA, O'Neill A, Painter CA, Perera L, Reil K, Riehle R, Roberts M, Rodriguez D, Sasaki N, Schnetzer SR, Scott LM, Sinnis G, Smith JD, Sokolsky P, Song C, Springer RW, Stokes BT, Stratton S, Thomas SB, Thomas JR, Thomson GB, Tupa D, Zech A, Zhang X. Indications of proton-dominated cosmic-ray composition above 1.6 EeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 104:161101. [PMID: 20482038 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.161101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2009] [Revised: 03/28/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We report studies of ultrahigh-energy cosmic-ray composition via analysis of depth of air shower maximum (X(max)), for air shower events collected by the High-Resolution Fly's Eye (HiRes) observatory. The HiRes data are consistent with a constant elongation rate d<X(max)>/d[log(E)] of 47.9+/-6.0(stat)+/-3.2(syst) g/cm2/decade for energies between 1.6 and 63 EeV, and are consistent with a predominantly protonic composition of cosmic rays when interpreted via the QGSJET01 and QGSJET-II high-energy hadronic interaction models. These measurements constrain models in which the galactic-to-extragalactic transition is the cause of the energy spectrum ankle at 4x10(18) eV.
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Elze T, Song C, Jost J. Visual masking as interaction of prediction and certainty. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/8.17.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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243
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Song C, Kanthasamy A, Anantharam V, Sun F, Kanthasamy AG. Environmental neurotoxic pesticide increases histone acetylation to promote apoptosis in dopaminergic neuronal cells: relevance to epigenetic mechanisms of neurodegeneration. Mol Pharmacol 2010; 77:621-32. [PMID: 20097775 DOI: 10.1124/mol.109.062174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pesticide exposure has been implicated in the etiopathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD); in particular, the organochlorine insecticide dieldrin is believed to be associated with PD. Emerging evidence indicates that histone modifications play a critical role in cell death. In this study, we examined the effects of dieldrin treatment on histone acetylation and its role in dieldrin-induced apoptotic cell death in dopaminergic neuronal cells. In mesencephalic dopaminergic neuronal cells, dieldrin induced a time-dependent increase in the acetylation of core histones H3 and H4. Histone acetylation occurred within 10 min of dieldrin exposure indicating that acetylation is an early event in dieldrin neurotoxicity. The hyperacetylation was attributed to dieldrin-induced proteasomal dysfunction, resulting in accumulation of a key histone acetyltransferase (HAT), cAMP response element-binding protein. The novel HAT inhibitor anacardic acid significantly attenuated dieldrin-induced histone acetylation, Protein kinase C delta proteolytic activation and DNA fragmentation in dopaminergic cells protected against dopaminergic neuronal degeneration in primary mesencephalic neuronal cultures. Furthermore, 30-day exposure of dieldrin in mouse models induced histone hyperacetylation in the striatum and substantia nigra. For the first time, our results collectively demonstrate that exposure to the neurotoxic pesticide dieldrin induces acetylation of core histones because of proteasomal dysfunction and that hyperacetylation plays a key role in dopaminergic neuronal degeneration after exposure of dieldrin.
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Song C, Hsu K, Witting P, Geczy C, Freedman S. High Glucose Levels Enhance the Proinflammatory and Prothrombotic Actions of Serum Amyloid A (SAA) in Endothelial Cells. Heart Lung Circ 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2010.06.804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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245
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Song C, Park S, Eom K, Kim J, Kim S, Kim J, Kim I. Potential Prognostic Value of HSP90 and PI3KA Expression in Breast Cancers. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.07.477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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246
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Song C, Park H, Tanaka N, Kwak H, Park M, Levitt S. Implication of Vascular Damage in the Response of Tumors to Ablative High-dose Radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.07.1296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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247
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Song C, Huang YD, Wei Z, Hou Y, Xie WJ, Huang RP, Song YM, Lv HG, Song CF. Polyglycolic Acid-islet grafts improve blood glucose and insulin concentrations in rats with induced diabetes. Transplant Proc 2009; 41:1789-93. [PMID: 19545729 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2009.01.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2008] [Revised: 10/25/2008] [Accepted: 01/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic islet transplantation is a promising therapeutic treatment for type 1 diabetes mellitus. In the present study, we cocultured islets with or without a polyglycolic acid (PGA) fibrous scaffold for 5 days and transplanted the PGA-islet grafts into the leg muscles of Wistar rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes; controls were injected with saline. The results showed that the blood glucose concentrations of the group given islets embedded with the PGA scaffold were lower than those without the scaffold or controls. On the other hand, the insulin content of the PGA-islet group was higher at all 5 time points compared with the insulin contents of the other 2 groups. After transplantation, many islets in the PGA-islet grafts showed normal morphology (as seen under the scanning electron microscope) and were surrounded by red blood cells. A fibrous extracellular matrix was visible around the PGA-islet grafts. These results demonstrated that PGA-islet grafts improved blood glucose and insulin concentrations in rats with induced diabetes.
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Song C, Halbreich U, Han C, Leonard BE, Luo H. Imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and between Th1 and Th2 cytokines in depressed patients: the effect of electroacupuncture or fluoxetine treatment. PHARMACOPSYCHIATRY 2009; 42:182-8. [PMID: 19724980 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1202263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increase in inflammatory response and an imbalance between T-helper (Th) 1 and 2 functions have been implicated in major depression. The aims of the present study were to 1) study the relationship between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and between Th1 and Th2 produced cytokines in depressed patients and 2) evaluate and compare the effect of treatments with electroacupuncture (EA) and fluoxetine on these cytokines. METHODS 95 outpatients with major depressive disorder were treated for 6 weeks with EA, fluoxetine or placebo. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and Clinical Global Impression (CGI) were used to assess severity and therapeutic effects. 30 volunteers served as controls. Serum cytokine concentrations were measured by ELISA. RESULTS Increased proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1beta and decreased anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 were found in the depressed patients. By contract, Th1 produced proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interferon (IFN)-gamma were decreased, and Th2 produced cytokine IL-4 was significantly increased in depressed patients. The ratio of IFN/IL-4 was also increased. Both acupuncture and fluoxetine treatments, but not the placebo, reduced IL-1beta concentrations in responders. However, only acupuncture attenuated TNF-alpha concentration and INF-gamma/IL-4 ratio towards the control level. DISCUSSION These results suggest that an imbalance between the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1 and IL-10), and between Th1 and Th2 cytokines (INF-gamma or TNF-alpha and IL-4) occurred in untreated depressed patients. Both EA and fluoxetine had an anti-inflammatory effect by reducing IL-1beta. EA treatment also restored the balance between Th1 and Th2 systems by increasing TNF-alpha and decreasing IL-4.
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Valiev RZ, Song C, McFadden SX, Mukherjee AK, Mishra RS. TEM/HREM observations of nanostructured superplastic Ni3AI. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/01418610108216615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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250
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Song C, Fain S. SU-FF-I-130: Effects of Inter-Frame Motion in Pharmacokinetic Modeling Using Simulated Heterogeneous Phantoms. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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