226
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Nauta A, van Sinderen D, Karsens H, Smit E, Venema G, Kok J. Inducible gene expression mediated by a repressor-operator system isolated from Lactococcus lactis bacteriophage r1t. Mol Microbiol 1996; 19:1331-41. [PMID: 8730874 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1996.tb02477.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A regulatory region of the temperate Lactococcus lactis bacteriophage r1t chromosome has been cloned and characterized. It encompasses the two divergently oriented genes rro, encoding the phage repressor, and tec. Both genes, of which the transcription start sites have been mapped, are preceded by consensus -35 and -10 promoter sequences. The region contains three 21 bp direct repeats with internal dyad symmetry which probably act as operators. Two of these repeats partially overlap the two promoter sequences. The distant third repeat is located within the tec coding sequence. Gel mobility shift assays demonstrated that Rro specifically binds to this sequence. To study possible transcriptional regulation of the region, a lacZ translational fusion with an open reading frame following tec was constructed. Under conditions that favour the lysogenic life cycle of r1t, beta-galactosidase activity was very low. Expression of the lacZ fusion could be induced 70-fold by the addition of mitomycin C at a concentration which promotes the switch of r1t from the lysogenic to the lytic life cycle. In non-induced cells, promoter activity was repressed by Rro, as a frameshift mutation in rro resulted in constitutive expression of the lacZ gene fusion.
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227
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Smit E, Wolters AC, Lee H, Trevors JT, van Elsas JD. Interactions between a genetically markedPseudomonas fluorescens strain and bacteriophage ΦR2f in soil: Effects of nutrients, alginate encapsulation, and the wheat rhizosphere. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 1996; 31:125-140. [PMID: 24185737 DOI: 10.1007/bf00167859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/1994] [Revised: 04/26/1995] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of bacteriophages could potentially be used as a control method to limit the population size of engineered bacteria that have been introduced into soil. Hence, the ability of a species-specific phage, ΦR2f, to infect and lyse its host, a Pseudomonas fluorescens R2f transposon Tn5 derivative, in soil, was studied. Control experiments in liquid media revealed that productive lysis of host cells by phage ϕR2f occurred when cells were freely suspended, whereas cells present in alginate beads resisted lysis. The presence of nutrients enhanced the degree of lysis as well as the production of phage progeny, both with the suspended cells and with cells escaped from the alginate beads. Experiments in which host cells and phage ΦR2f were introduced into two soils of different texture revealed that host cells were primarily lysed in the presence of added nutrients, and phage reached highest titres in these nutrient-amended soils. Encapsulation of the host cells in alginate beads inhibited lysis by the phage in soil. Populations of free host cells introduced into soil that colonized the rhizosphere of wheat were not substantially lysed by phage ΦR2f. However, P. fluorescens R2f populations colonizing the rhizosphere after introduction in alginate beads were reduced in size by a factor of 1,000. Cells migrating from the alginate beads towards the roots may have been in a state of enhanced metabolic activity, allowing for phage ΦR2f infection and cell lysis.
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228
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van Lom K, Hagemeijer A, Smit E, Hählen K, Groeneveld K, Löwenberg B. Cytogenetic clonality analysis in myelodysplastic syndrome: monosomy 7 can be demonstrated in the myeloid and in the lymphoid lineage. Leukemia 1995; 9:1818-21. [PMID: 7475268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow and blood from three patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and monosomy 7 were studied for cell lineage involvement of the chromosomal abnormality. Cytogenetic involvement of the myeloid and erythroid cell lineages in MDS with monosomy 7 has been shown before. Lymphoid subpopulations have also been investigated but generally with negative results. A combined technique of May-Grünwald-Giemsa (MGG) for cell cytology and interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using a chromosome 7 specific DNA probe was applied. Further, immunophenotype and genotype of the cells were simultaneously examined with alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) immunostaining and FISH. The monosomy 7 was found in the blasts and in all or in subpopulations of myeloid and erythroid cells. T cells (CD3+, CD5+) did not appear to be involved. B cells (CD19+, CD22+) showed a normal distribution of FISH spots in two patients. In one patient however the loss of a chromosome 7 was found in approximately 70% of the cells positive for B cell markers including CD79a. The results of this study show that in some cases MDS is a disease arising in a progenitor cell with repopulative abilities restricted to myelopoiesis and erythropoiesis. In other cases, the pluripotent progenitor cells in MDS may show the capacities to differentiate into B lineage lymphoid cells, as well as suggesting that in those instances MDS represents a condition of more primitive transformed hematopoietic ancestor cells.
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229
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Slater R, Smit E, Kroes W, Bellomo MJ, Mühlematter D, Harbott J, Behrendt H, Hählen K, Veerman AJ, Hagemeijer A. A non-random chromosome abnormality found in precursor-B lineage acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: dic(9;20)(p1?3;q11). Leukemia 1995; 9:1613-9. [PMID: 7564498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A comparison of cytogenetical data on acute lymphoblastic leukaemia studied at four large European centres has revealed a non-random dicentric chromosome abnormality: dic(9;20) (p1?3;q11) in 10 patients, nine of whom were children. All had early precursor-B lineage ALL, and eight children had a non-standard risk clinical presentation. The origin of the dicentric chromosome was demonstrated using a range of chromosome banding techniques. This was confirmed by FISH using paints and centromeric probes for chromosomes 9 and 20, together with a number of cosmid probes. The follow-up time of these patients is presently too short and the number of patients too few to determine the prognostic significant of this chromosome abnormality.
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230
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Bakker M., van der Graaf W, Groen H, Smit E, De Vries E. Anthracyclines - Pharmacology and Resistance, A Review. Curr Pharm Des 1995. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612801666220524194324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Anthracyclines are anti-tumor drugs with a wide spectrum of activity in human cancers. Th.ey were introduced in clinical practice in the early 1960's and have been extensively used in the adJuvant, curative and palltatlve settmg for both soltd tumors and hematologic malignancies. Their mechanisms of action have not yet been fully clarified. The best known cellular mechanisms are prevention of replication and transcription by intercalation of DNA , formation of DNA breaks possibly due to formation of tox1c topmsomerase complexes, and generation of free radicals. Pharmacokinetic studies revealed that anthracyclines dissappear fast from the plasma into tissues. Cellular uptake takes
place b_Y d1ffuswn; efflux can take place by ener y-dependent membrane pumps. The intracellular concentration seems a major determmant for the cytotox1c effect. Anthracychnes are reduced to more hydrophilic glycide metabolites and aglycones. The drug .Js excreted vw the b1le and for a mmor degree v1a the unne. The cltmcal value of anthracyclines is limited by intrinsic or acqmred tumor cell resistance to anthracycltnes. D1fferent ways of resistance seem to play a role in multidrug resistance (MDR) such as the overexpression. of the membrane efflux pump P-glycoprotein , as well as th e overexpression of the multidrug res1stance associated protem (MRP) or probably other efflux pumps , a decrease in the activity of the target enzyme topoisomerase II and an .increase in cellular detoxifyin,g. capacity. Resistance against anthracyclines as well as early (myelosuppressiOn , mucosil!S) and late tox1c!ly (cardJOtOXJCity) have directed the search for analogs with higher antitumor efficacy and lower toxicity. This search delivered variants of the original daunorubicin such as epirubicin and idarubicin with a more favorable therapeutic index , and morpholino anthracyclines, drugs designed to circumvent P-glycoprotein and non P glycoprotem MDR. These last compounds recently enrolled phase IIII clinical trials . Results of these trials are of even more interest because up t now, results of clinical studies in solid tumors with modulators (resistance modifiers) of MDR , such as amwdarone, verapmml , cyclosponn A and PSC 833 are not very encouraging. In vivo studies with e.g. PET scanning to analyse the mtratumor kmellc behavior of anthracycltnes and modulators of drug resistance, are ongoing .
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231
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Smit E, Cilliers J, de Beer C. A long-term clinicopathological study of the Ingram regimen in extensive plaque psoriasis. J DERMATOL TREAT 1995. [DOI: 10.3109/09546639509086849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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232
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233
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Hagemeijer A, Buijs A, Smit E, Janssen B, Creemers GJ, Van der Plas D, Grosveld G. Translocation of BCR to chromosome 9: a new cytogenetic variant detected by FISH in two Ph-negative, BCR-positive patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 1993; 8:237-45. [PMID: 7512367 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.2870080406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukemic cells from two patients with Philadelphia-negative chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) were investigated: 1) Cytogenetics showed a normal 46,XY karyotype in both cases, 2) molecular studies revealed rearrangement of the M-BCR region and formation of BCR-ABL fusion mRNA with b2a2 (patient 1) or b3a2 (patient 2) configuration, and 3) fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) demonstrated relocation of the 5' BCR sequences from one chromosome 22 to one chromosome 9. The ABL probe hybridized to both chromosomes 9 at band q34, while two other probes which map centromeric and telomeric of BCR on 22q11 hybridized solely with chromosome 22. For the first time, a BCR-ABL rearrangement is shown to take place on 9q34 instead of in the usual location on 22q11. A rearrangement in the latter site is found in all Ph-positive CML and in almost all investigated CML with variant Ph or Ph-negative, BCR-positive cases. The few aberrant chromosomal localizations of BCR-ABL recombinant genes found previously were apparently the result of complex and successive changes. Furthermore in patient 2, both chromosomes 9 showed positive FISH signals with both ABL and BCR probes. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis indicated that mitotic recombination had occurred on the long arm of chromosome 9 and that the rearranged chromosome 9 was of paternal origin. The leukemic cells of this patient showed a duplication of the BCR-ABL gene, analogous to duplication of the Ph chromosome in classic CML. In addition they had lost the maternal alleles of the 9q34 chromosomal region.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Blotting, Southern
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9/ultrastructure
- Fatal Outcome
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Gene Rearrangement
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic, Atypical, BCR-ABL Negative/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic, Atypical, BCR-ABL Negative/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mitosis
- Oncogenes
- Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
- Recombination, Genetic
- Translocation, Genetic
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234
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Dauwerse JG, Wessels JW, Giles RH, Wiegant J, van der Reijden BA, Fugazza G, Jumelet EA, Smit E, Baas F, Raap AK. Cloning the breakpoint cluster region of the inv(16) in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia M4 Eo. Hum Mol Genet 1993; 2:1527-34. [PMID: 8268905 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/2.10.1527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The pericentric inversion of chromosome 16 and the t(16;16) are two recurrent aberrations in bone marrow of patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia subtype M4 Eo, characterized by abnormal eosinophilic granulation. We describe here the precise localization of the breakpoints using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with cosmids spread over the short arm of chromosome 16 and the detection, isolation and characterization of a 14Kb EcoRI fragment containing a cluster of breakpoints. First, cosmids were mapped to intervals defined by constitutional 16p rearrangements, second, the inv(16) and t(16;16) breakpoints were mapped to one of the intervals using FISH with the mapped cosmids and third, cosmids within this interval were ordered using two color interphase FISH. An STS of the cosmid closest to the breakpoints was then used to isolate five YACs, which did span all of the 16 inv(16) breakpoints and one t(16;16) breakpoint analysed. In the DNA of one inv(16) patient we detected an additional submicroscopic deletion immediately proximal to the 16p breakpoint. Since this patient has the same phenotype, the 16p sequences proximal to the breakpoint seem non-essential to M4 Eo. This implies that the pathologic event is the juxtaposition of sequences distal to the 16p breakpoint with sequences proximal to the 16q breakpoint. While four of the five YACs showed instability of the region around the inv(16) breakpoint, DNA halo analysis allowed us to identify one YAC which was co-linear with normal genomic DNA and has yielded the actual breakpoint sequences which could be subcloned into cosmids and fosmids.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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MESH Headings
- Base Sequence
- Chromosome Inversion
- Chromosomes, Artificial, Yeast
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16/ultrastructure
- Cloning, Molecular
- Cosmids
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute/genetics
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Translocation, Genetic
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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235
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Smit E, Venne D, van Elsas JD. Mobilization of a Recombinant IncQ Plasmid between Bacteria on Agar and in Soil via Cotransfer or Retrotransfer. Appl Environ Microbiol 1993; 59:2257-63. [PMID: 16348998 PMCID: PMC182266 DOI: 10.1128/aem.59.7.2257-2263.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mobilization of a genetically engineered IncQ plasmid, pSKTG, was studied in vitro and in sterile and nonsterile soils. In biparental and triparental filter matings, the mobilization frequencies of pSKTG were identical, and the plasmid was mobilized only in the presence of self-transmissible plasmid RP4p. In sterile soil, mobilization was probably limited by reduced cell-to-cell contact, since the frequencies of mobilization were approximately 100-fold lower than the frequencies in the filter matings. The transfer frequency of pSKTG in sterile soil when RP4p was present in the same strain was about 100-fold higher than the transfer frequency when RP4p was present in a separate strain. In studies in natural soil, pSKTG was also found to be transferred to indigenous bacteria. However, natural mobilization by genetic elements present in the indigenous soil microflora could not be detected. In vitro studies of natural transfer suggested that such genetic elements occur in soil bacteria.
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236
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Smit E, van Elsas JD, van Veen JA, de Vos WM. Detection of Plasmid Transfer from
Pseudomonas fluorescens
to Indigenous Bacteria in Soil by Using Bacteriophage φR2f for Donor Counterselection. Appl Environ Microbiol 1991; 57:3482-8. [PMID: 16348599 PMCID: PMC184000 DOI: 10.1128/aem.57.12.3482-3488.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The transfer of a genetically marked derivative of plasmid RP4, RP4p, from
Pseudomonas fluorescens
to members of the indigenous microflora of the wheat rhizosphere was studied by using a bacteriophage that specifically lyses the donor strain and a specific eukaryotic marker on the plasmid. Transfer of RP4p to the wheat rhizosphere microflora was observed, and the number of transconjugants detected was approximately 10
3
transconjugants per g of soil when 10
7
donor cells per g of soil were added; transfer in the corresponding bulk soil was slightly above the limit of detection. All of the indigenous transconjugants which we analyzed contained a 60-kb plasmid and were able to transfer this plasmid to a Nx
r
Rp
r
P. fluorescens
recipient strain. The indigenous transconjugants were identified as belonging to
Pseudomonas
spp.,
Enterobacter
spp.,
Comamonas
spp., and
Alcaligenes
spp.
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237
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Hagemeijer A, Lafage M, Mattei MG, Simonetti J, Smit E, de Lapeyriere O, Birnbaum D. Localization of the HST/FGFK gene with regard to 11q13 chromosomal breakpoint and fragile site. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 1991; 3:210-4. [PMID: 1868036 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.2870030307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The HST/FGFK gene, a member of the fibroblast growth factor gene family and a protooncogene, is localized on chromosomal band 11q13. Genes in this region are frequently involved in hematopoietic and solid tumors. Here we show that the HST gene lies telomeric to the BCL1 gene, the t(11;14)(q13;q32) breakpoint, and the FRA11A rare fragile site.
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238
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Leone G, Overkamp A, Kreyenbroek M, Smit E, Van Den Heuvel J. Regulation by orthophosphate and adenine nucleotides of the biosynthesis of two polygalacturonases by Botrytis cinerea in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0953-7562(09)81329-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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239
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Dauwerse JG, Kievits T, Beverstock GC, van der Keur D, Smit E, Wessels HW, Hagemeijer A, Pearson PL, van Ommen GJ, Breuning MH. Rapid detection of chromosome 16 inversion in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, subtype M4: regional localization of the breakpoint in 16p. CYTOGENETICS AND CELL GENETICS 1990; 53:126-8. [PMID: 2369839 DOI: 10.1159/000132911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The pericentric inversion of chromosome 16 characteristic for acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, subtype M4, was detected in five patients by means of nonradioactive in situ hybridization of complete cosmids. First, five cosmids situated along the short arm of chromosome 16 were used to map the breakpoint of the inversion distal to the rare folate-sensitive fragile site FRA16A. Then, the use of two cosmids on either side of the breakpoint, combined with a probe specific for the centromeric region of chromosome 16, readily detected the inversion, even in poor metaphase spreads.
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240
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Sanchez A, Hubbard RW, Smit E, Hilton GF. Testing a mechanism of control in human cholesterol metabolism: relation of arginine and glycine to insulin and glucagon. Atherosclerosis 1988; 71:87-92. [PMID: 3288227 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9150(88)90306-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Eight men were given 2 casein meals, one with and one without a supplement of arginine and glycine, to measure the effect on plasma amino acids, insulin and glucagon. Supplementation resulted in increased levels of plasma glucagon, glycine and arginine, a tendency to decreased insulin and significantly lower insulin/glucagon ratio, tryptophan and tyrosine. The data suggest that insulin and glucagon, which control cholesterol metabolism, respond to dietary and postprandial plasma amino acid levels of arginine and glycine.
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241
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Smit E. [Recruitment of personnel for the nursing department]. TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ZIEKENVERPLEGING 1966; 19:40-4. [PMID: 5175663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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242
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Gerding H, Smit E. Die Ramanspektren der flüssigen und festen Chlor-, Bromund Jodverbindungen des Aluminiums. Z PHYS CHEM 1941. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-1941-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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