226
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Seino H, Watanabe S, Tanaka J, Koyama K, Naito H, Nakagawa H, Mitsui K. [Cryoanalgesia for postthoracotomy pain]. MASUI. THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIOLOGY 1985; 34:842-5. [PMID: 4032711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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227
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Mitsui K. [Brain death]. [KANGO GIJUTSU] : [NURSING TECHNIQUE] 1985; 31:757-9. [PMID: 3847590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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228
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Mitsui K, Ohnishi R, Hirose S, Igarashi K. Necessity of polyamines for maximum in vivo synthesis of beta beta' subunits of RNA polymerase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1984; 123:528-34. [PMID: 6385968 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(84)90261-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The possibility that polyamines can stimulate the in vivo synthesis of beta beta' subunits of RNA polymerase has been examined through the use of a polyamine-requiring mutant of Escherichia coli. Results from autoradiographic estimation and activity measurement of RNA polymerase in cell extracts prepared from polyamine starved and unstarved bacteria showed that polyamines stimulate the synthesis of beta beta' subunits of RNA polymerase 2- to 3.6-fold.
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229
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Sakaguchi K, Mitsui K, Nakai N, Kobashi K. Amino acid sequence around a cysteine residue in the active center of jack bean urease. J Biochem 1984; 96:73-9. [PMID: 6490609 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a134831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cysteine residues in the active center of jack bean urease [EC 3.5.1.5] were modified with 14C-labeled diazonium-1H-tetrazole (DHT). The labeled enzyme was carboxymethylated with iodoacetic acid, and then hydrolyzed with trypsin. The tryptic digest was subjected to gel filtration on Sephadex G-50, yielding two radioactive fractions. The [14C]DHT-labeled peptide having a lower molecular weight, which was determined to be approximately 1,000 by the method of gel filtration, was further purified to homogeneity by ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-25. [14C]DHT-labeled cysteine was identified as cysteic acid after performic acid oxidation, and the amino acid sequence of the low-molecular-weight [14C]DHT-labeled peptide was determined to be Phe-Glu-Pro-Gly-Asp-Cys-Asn-Ser-Thr-Phe-Lys.
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230
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Mitsui K, Igarashi K, Kakegawa T, Hirose S. Preferential stimulation of the in vivo synthesis of a protein by polyamines in Escherichia coli: purification and properties of the specific protein. Biochemistry 1984; 23:2679-83. [PMID: 6380572 DOI: 10.1021/bi00307a022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The possibility that polyamines can stimulate the synthesis of special kinds of proteins has been examined by using a polyamine-requiring mutant of Escherichia coli. It was found that the synthesis of some proteins, particularly one with a molecular weight (Mr) of 62K, was significantly stimulated following polyamine supplementation of polyamine-starved cells. The preferential stimulation of the synthesis of this polyamine-induced protein of Mr 62K (PI protein) was followed by the stimulation of overall protein synthesis by polyamines. PI protein was purified to homogeneity and some of its properties were examined. From studies on the effect of PI protein on MS2 RNA directed protein synthesis, it was shown that this protein stimulated the synthesis of RNA replicase by 2.2-fold in the presence of 1 mM spermidine.
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231
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Sakaguchi K, Mitsui K, Hase J, Kobashi K. Modification of thiol groups of Jack bean urease with diazonium-1H-tetrazole. J Biochem 1984; 95:535-41. [PMID: 6715313 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a134636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Jack bean urease [EC 3.5.1.5] was modified with diazonium-1H-tetrazole (DHT). Reaction of DHT with the enzyme produced a characteristic absorption peak at 320 nm and led to complete loss of the enzymatic activity at a low concentration of DHT. Amino acid analysis of DHT-modified urease showed that only cysteine residues reacted with the reagent and other amino acid residues such as tyrosine, histidine, and lysine did not. The enzymatic activity was protected against DHT-inactivation by the addition of substrate. On the other hand, when the cysteine residues were modified with DHT, the enzyme was not converted to polymeric forms. Furthermore, the binding ability of urease with hydroxamic acid, a specific urease inhibitor, was virtually unaffected by DHT-inactivation. These results indicate that cysteine residues are specifically modified by DHT with concomitant loss of enzymatic activity and polymerization ability, but are not essential for the binding of hydroxamic acid to the enzyme.
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232
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Watanabe Y, Igarashi K, Mitsui K, Hirose S. Differential stimulation by polyamines of phage DNA-directed in vitro synthesis of proteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1983; 740:362-8. [PMID: 6224514 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4781(83)90083-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The effect of polyamines on T7- and lambda rifd18 DNA-directed synthesis of proteins in an Escherichia coli cell-free system has been studied. When T7 DNA was used as a template, the degree of stimulation by spermidine of protein synthesis was larger with T7 RNA polymerase than with Mr 42 K protein, while the synthesis of Mr 13.5 K protein was not stimulated significantly by spermidine. The synthesis of T7 RNA polymerase was stimulated approx. 10-fold by 1 mM spermidine. When lambda rifd18 DNA was used as a template, the synthesis of beta beta' subunits of RNA polymerase was stimulated greatly by spermidine, while the synthesis of elongation factor Tu and ribosomal proteins was not stimulated significantly by spermidine. Spermidine stimulation of T7 DNA-directed synthesis of T7 RNA polymerase was at the level of both translation and transcription. The degree of stimulation by spermidine was greater at the level of translation. Putrescine stimulated the synthesis of T7 RNA polymerase and Mr 42 K protein to a small degree at the level of translation.
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233
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Sakaguchi K, Mitsui K, Kobashi K, Hase J. Photo-oxidation of Jack bean urease in the presence of methylene blue. J Biochem 1983; 93:681-6. [PMID: 6874659 DOI: 10.1093/jb/93.3.681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Photo-oxidation of Jack bean urease was performed in the presence of a low concentration of methylene blue, which led to the complete loss of the enzymatic activity. The inactivation was more remarkable in an alkaline region than in an acidic region and prevented by the addition of histidine or methionine. Amino acid analysis of the oxidized enzyme revealed that the number of histidine residues had decreased to 73% that of the native enzyme, but the numbers of other amino acid residues were not significantly affected. Benzohydroxamic acid, a specific urease inhibitor, protected the active site of the enzyme against photo-oxidation. On the other hand, oxidation of the enzyme decreased its binding ability with caprylo- and benzohydroxamic acid to one-third. These results suggest that histidine residues are modified by photo-oxidation and are essential to both the enzymatic activity and the binding ability with hydroxamic acid.
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234
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Igarashi K, Mitsui K, Kubota M, Shirakuma M, Ohnishi R, Hirose S. Effect of polyamines on synthesis and degradation of guanosine 5'-diphosphate 3'-diphosphate. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1983; 755:326-31. [PMID: 6186291 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(83)90234-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The effect of polyamines on the in vitro and in vivo synthesis and degradation on guanosine 5'-diphosphate 3'-diphosphate (ppGpp) has been studied in Escherichia coli. The presence of 2 mM spermidine lowered the optimal Mg2+ concentration for ppGpp formation from 17 mM to 11 mM. The formation of ppGpp in the presence of 2 mM spermidine and 11 mM Mg2+ was about 15% greater than that in the presence of 17 mM Mg2+. At a concentration of less than 11 mM Mg2+, spermidine was found to stimulate ppGpp formation greatly. Putrescine did not cause any effect. When a polyamine-requiring mutant of E. coli (EWH319) was starved for an amino acid by the addition of valine, spermidine stimulated ppGpp formation. The degradation of ppGpp was not influenced significantly by polyamines.
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235
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Saito M, Ando S, Tanaka Y, Nagai Y, Mitsui K, Hase J. Age-development changes in susceptibility of erythrocytes to perfringolysin O. Mech Ageing Dev 1982; 20:53-63. [PMID: 7176704 DOI: 10.1016/0047-6374(82)90074-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Susceptibility to perfringolysin O of erythrocytes from mice of different ages was examined. Erythrocytes of mice younger than 5 weeks' old were more resistant to the toxin than those of young adult and adult mice. Erythrocytes of aged mice were about 3.5 times more susceptible to the toxin than erythrocytes from 4-week-old mice. The membrane cholesterol content of erythrocytes appeared to be maintained at a constant level throughout the ages of mice examined. About 5% of the total membrane cholesterol was supposed to provide receptor sites for the toxin from an experiment in which cholesterol was specifically extracted by liposomes. It was demonstrated in this experiment that susceptibility of erythrocytes to the toxin was lost in proportion to the reduction in the toxin binding. The susceptibility, however, of erythrocytes from young or aged mice was much lower or higher than expected from the changes in toxin binding. Therefore, two possibilities were raised to account for age-related alterations in the susceptibility of erythrocytes; not only expansion of a particular compartment of membrane cholesterol as a toxin receptor but also some activation of intracellular reactions leading to hemolysis might occur in senescence.
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236
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Sohara Y, Mitsui K, Hori M. [Blood flow velocity in the small pulmonary arteries and arterioles]. [ZASSHI] [JOURNAL]. NIHON KYOBU GEKA GAKKAI 1982; 30:1250-6. [PMID: 7175266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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237
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Mitsui K, Saeki Y, Hase J. Effects of cholesterol evulsion on susceptibility to perfringolysin O of human erythrocytes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1982; 686:177-81. [PMID: 6282326 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(82)90110-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Human erythrocytes preincubated with a phosphatidylcholine suspension (preincubated cells) showed decreased susceptibility to perfringolysin O, the decrease being strongly affected by preincubation time and temperature, and the phosphatidyl choline concentration. The binding of the toxin to the preincubated cells also decreased with the preincubation time and reached minimum at 37 degrees C for 6 h. Through this preincubation, about 30% of cholesterol was removed from cells without lysis. The susceptibility of preincubated cells to the toxin seemed to be affected by the amount of cholesterol removed from cells, but not by the cholesterol content of cell membranes. This indicates that most of the cholesterol interactive with the toxin is removable from cell membranes by preincubation with phosphatidylcholine suspension, and that the residual cholesterol is firmly constituted in the membrane structure and cannot interact with the toxin. After cholesterol evulsion by the preincubated plasma method (Murphy, J.R. (1962) J. Lab. Clin. Med. 60, 86-109 and 60, 571-578), cells also exhibited lower susceptibility to the toxin and to saponins, but higher susceptibility to lysophosphatidylcholine.
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238
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Abstract
Clostridium tetani excretes hemolysins of two size classes, a high-molecular-weight hemolysin (HMH), which was eluted near void volume of a Sepharose 6B column, and conventional tetanolysin (molecular weight, approximately 50,000). The total hemolysin activity in the culture supernatant increased sharply with growth of bacteria and remained at a high level during autolysis. The content of HMH, however, decreased from 41% at 4 h of culture to 0.4% at the early stage of autolysis. The cell bodies also exhibited hemolytic activity, 70% of which could be solubilized and separated into HMH and the 50,000 Mr tetanolysin as extracellular hemolysins. The activity ratio of HMH to the total solubilized hemolysins was 0.45, on the average, at 6 h of culture but was 0.23 at the middle of logarithmic growth. Partially purified HMH from both sources appeared as broken pieces of cytoplasmic membranes under an electron microscope. The ratio of proteins to phospholipids in HMH was found to 3.26, a value similar to that in cell membrane. The total cell hemolytic activity decreased by 90 or 75% upon addition of chloramphenicol or anti-tetanolysin serum, respectively, into a 6-h-old culture of bacteria. It is suggested that HMH is a complex of tetanolysin with a membrane fragment and releases the conventional tetanolysin during bacterial culture.
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239
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Endo K, Ogata T, Mitsui K, Sohara Y, Suzuki Y. [A resected case of bilateral multiple lung cancers and a review of 63 reported cases with multiple lung cancers in Japan (author's transl)]. [ZASSHI] [JOURNAL]. NIHON KYOBU GEKA GAKKAI 1982; 30:430-6. [PMID: 7108302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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240
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Sohara Y, Mitsui K, Hori M. [Evaluation of pulmonary immobilization by diffusion respiration for pulmonary microcirculatory observations in vivo (author's transl)]. [ZASSHI] [JOURNAL]. NIHON KYOBU GEKA GAKKAI 1982; 30:149-56. [PMID: 7097068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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241
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Igarashi K, Matsunaka M, Kashiwagi K, Mitsui K, Hirose S. Purification and properties of fMet-tRNAf deacylase from Escherichia coli. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1981; 656:240-5. [PMID: 7032598 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(81)90092-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A formylmethionyl-tRNAf deacylase has been purified about 330-fold from a crude initiation factor preparation (1 M NH4Cl ribosomal wash) from Escherichia coli Q13. The enzyme was nearly homogeneous and had an apparent molecular weight of 24 000. Rat liver methionyl-tRNAf and E. coli methionyl-tRNAm were not hydrolyzed significantly by the enzyme under standard conditions. Q beta RNA- and AUG(A)n-directed polypeptide synthesis was inhibited by the enzyme. The inhibition was at the level of initiation of polypeptide synthesis. The enzymatic activity was inhibited by various factors necessary for polypeptide synthesis. The activity was inhibited more by NH4Cl and spermidine than by Mg2+, GTP and ATP. The complex of formylmethionyl-tRNAf, initiation factor 2 and GTP was resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis, and the resistance was enhanced by the addition of AUG and ribosomes to the above reaction mixture.
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242
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Hase J, Kobashi K, Mitsui K, Namba T, Yoshizaki M, Tomimori T. The structure-hemolysis relationship of oleanolic acid derivatives and inhibition of the saponin-induced hemolysis with sapogenins. JOURNAL OF PHARMACOBIO-DYNAMICS 1981; 4:833-7. [PMID: 7328484 DOI: 10.1248/bpb1978.4.833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Chikusetsusaponin IV and V, whose genin is oleanolic acid, exhibited weak hemolytic activities. Removal of glucose residue at position 29 of chikusetsusaponin V by partial hydrolysis increased the activity more than 30-fold. Methylation of the carboxyl group at position 28 increased the activity furthermore by about 10-fold, showing HD50 value of 3.77 microM. On the other hand, removal of the sugar chain at position 3 of chickusetsusaponin V by partial hydrolysis completely lost the activity. These facts suggest that the sugar chain at position 3 of oleanolic acid is essential but that at position 29 is pernicious for the activity. The cytolytic agents, whose target has been regarded as membrane cholesterol, were inactivated not only by cholesterol but also by sapogenins such as oleanolic acid, gitogenin and hederagenin. Among saponins tested, akebia saponin B and C were inactivated by cholesterol, but not by the genins, probably because their affinities for the genins are too low to form complexes.
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243
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Mitsui K, Datta A, Ochoa S. Removal of beta subunit of the eukaryotic polypeptide chain initiation factor 2 by limited proteolysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1981; 78:4128-32. [PMID: 7027253 PMCID: PMC319741 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.78.7.4128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
It is generally considered that the eukaryotic polypeptide chain initiation factor 2 (eIF-2) from rabbit reticulocytes consists of three nonidentical subunits termed alpha, beta, and gamma, in order of increasing molecular weight. However, a recent report [Stringer, E. A., Chaudhuri, A., Valenzuela, D. & Maitra, U. (1980) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77, 3356-3359] suggested that this factor is made up of only two subunits. In this paper we show that limited proteolysis of rabbit reticulocyte eIF-2 leads to loss of the beta subunit. This modified eIF-2 has the same activity as the native factor in promoting ternary (eIF-2.GTP.Met-tRNAi) and 40S (eIF-2.GTP.Met-tRNAi.40S ribosome) initiation complex formation. Like native eIF-2, the protease-treated factor can restore translation in heme-deficient lysates. On the other hand, the treated factor is less stable than the native protein.
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244
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Endo K, Mitsui K, Sohara Y, Fukuda I, Suzuki Y, Watanabe H, Kimura K, Hasegawa T, Hasegawa S, Ogata T. [A case of an endobronchial foreign body, difficult in diagnosis and complicated with empyema (author's transl)]. KYOBU GEKA. THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF THORACIC SURGERY 1981; 34:475-7. [PMID: 7265594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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245
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Tsuji S, Mitsui K, Imahori K. The mechanism of preferential synthesis of poly[r(purine)] in the transcription of poly[d(purine)] . poly[d(pyrimidine)] by T. thermophilus RNA polymerase. J Biochem 1981; 89:1501-11. [PMID: 6944307 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a133343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of preferential transcription on poly[d(purine)] . poly[d(pyrimidine)] was investigated using RNA polymerase of T. thermophilus HB8. Though the machinery for initiation is lacking, the core enzyme has the latent ability to synthesize poly[r(pyrimidine)] as well as poly[r(purine)]. The holoenzyme can synthesize poly[r(purine)] in the usual manner. Poly[r(pyrimidine)] synthesis by the holoenzyme is, however, forbidden. These results suggest that the sigma factor plays a crucial role in this preferential transcription, and that this preferential transcription may be useful as a model for the sense strand recognition. Various results led us to the hypothesis that the high affinity site for the poly[d(pyrimidine)] strands on the enzyme plays a very important role.
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246
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Sohara Y, Fukuda I, Koishizawa T, Mitsui K, Onizuka M, Suzuki Y, Endo K, Ogata G. [A case of postoperative chylomediastinum (author's transl)]. [ZASSHI] [JOURNAL]. NIHON KYOBU GEKA GAKKAI 1981; 29:446-50. [PMID: 7252282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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247
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Yamada Y, Saito T, Sakamoto H, Unno R, Yamamoto Y, Hayashi S, Nakamura H, Fujimori I, Mitsui K, Suzuki K, Ogihara K, Arai T, Katsu M. [Clinical studies on 1 g of cefoperazone therapy in various infections (author's transl)]. KANSENSHOGAKU ZASSHI. THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASES 1981; 55:116-23. [PMID: 6455478 DOI: 10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.55.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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248
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Ishino F, Mitsui K, Tamaki S, Matsuhashi M. Dual enzyme activities of cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis, peptidoglycan transglycosylase and penicillin-sensitive transpeptidase, in purified preparations of Escherichia coli penicillin-binding protein 1A. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1980; 97:287-93. [PMID: 7006606 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(80)80166-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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249
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Sohara Y, Mitsui K, Endo K, Kimura K, Hasegawa T, Rikitake T, Hasegawa S, Kimura A, Yamashita K, Ogata G. [Reconstruction of the left innominate vein by expanded polytetrafluoroethylene graft in a patient with a ACTH, beta-MSH producing invasive thymic carcinoid (author's transl)]. [ZASSHI] [JOURNAL]. NIHON KYOBU GEKA GAKKAI 1980; 28:1448-54. [PMID: 7000930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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250
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Abstract
Tetanolysin was purified from the culture fluid of a strain of Clostridium tetani by ammonium sulfate fractionation, acetone precipitation and repeated gel filtration. Two hemolysins with different molecular weights were separated by gel filtration, and the smaller one, tetanolysin, was further purified. The purification raised the specific activity of tetanolysin 1,050-fold to 500 HU/micrograms of protein. The purified preparation gave a single, relatively broad band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, in which the activity was roughly parallel with the protein concentration. However, on sodium dodecylsulfate-gel electrophoresis it gave two bands with nearly equal amounts of proteins, showing molecular weights of 53,000 and 48,000 +/- 3,000. Furthermore, isoelectric focusing revealed four peaks of the activity whose isoelectric pHs were 6.1, 5.6, 5.3, and 6.6 in decreasing order of the activity. These findings suggest that the preparation contains four hemolysins with different pIs, which are classifiable into two groups by molecular size. The preparation was completely free of tetanus neurotoxin and proteases. Tetanolysin was more strongly inhibited by cholesterol and more rapidly absorbed onto erythrocytes than theta-toxin of Cl. perfringens.
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