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Gronthos S, Mankani M, Brahim J, Robey PG, Shi S. Postnatal human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in vitro and in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97:13625-30. [PMID: 11087820 PMCID: PMC17626 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.240309797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3305] [Impact Index Per Article: 132.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dentinal repair in the postnatal organism occurs through the activity of specialized cells, odontoblasts, that are thought to be maintained by an as yet undefined precursor population associated with pulp tissue. In this study, we isolated a clonogenic, rapidly proliferative population of cells from adult human dental pulp. These DPSCs were then compared with human bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), known precursors of osteoblasts. Although they share a similar immunophenotype in vitro, functional studies showed that DPSCs produced only sporadic, but densely calcified nodules, and did not form adipocytes, whereas BMSCs routinely calcified throughout the adherent cell layer with clusters of lipid-laden adipocytes. When DPSCs were transplanted into immunocompromised mice, they generated a dentin-like structure lined with human odontoblast-like cells that surrounded a pulp-like interstitial tissue. In contrast, BMSCs formed lamellar bone containing osteocytes and surface-lining osteoblasts, surrounding a fibrous vascular tissue with active hematopoiesis and adipocytes. This study isolates postnatal human DPSCs that have the ability to form a dentin/pulp-like complex.
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research-article |
25 |
3305 |
2
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Gronthos S, Brahim J, Li W, Fisher LW, Cherman N, Boyde A, DenBesten P, Robey PG, Shi S. Stem cell properties of human dental pulp stem cells. J Dent Res 2002; 81:531-5. [PMID: 12147742 DOI: 10.1177/154405910208100806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1402] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we characterized the self-renewal capability, multi-lineage differentiation capacity, and clonogenic efficiency of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). DPSCs were capable of forming ectopic dentin and associated pulp tissue in vivo. Stromal-like cells were reestablished in culture from primary DPSC transplants and re-transplanted into immunocompromised mice to generate a dentin-pulp-like tissue, demonstrating their self-renewal capability. DPSCs were also found to be capable of differentiating into adipocytes and neural-like cells. The odontogenic potential of 12 individual single-colony-derived DPSC strains was determined. Two-thirds of the single-colony-derived DPSC strains generated abundant ectopic dentin in vivo, while only a limited amount of dentin was detected in the remaining one-third. These results indicate that single-colony-derived DPSC strains differ from each other with respect to their rate of odontogenesis. Taken together, these results demonstrate that DPSCs possess stem-cell-like qualities, including self-renewal capability and multi-lineage differentiation.
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1402 |
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Huang GTJ, Gronthos S, Shi S. Mesenchymal stem cells derived from dental tissues vs. those from other sources: their biology and role in regenerative medicine. J Dent Res 2009; 88:792-806. [PMID: 19767575 DOI: 10.1177/0022034509340867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1297] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, 5 different human dental stem/progenitor cells have been isolated and characterized: dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), stem cells from apical papilla (SCAP), and dental follicle progenitor cells (DFPCs). These postnatal populations have mesenchymal-stem-cell-like (MSC) qualities, including the capacity for self-renewal and multilineage differentiation potential. MSCs derived from bone marrow (BMMSCs) are capable of giving rise to various lineages of cells, such as osteogenic, chondrogenic, adipogenic, myogenic, and neurogenic cells. The dental-tissue-derived stem cells are isolated from specialized tissue with potent capacities to differentiate into odontogenic cells. However, they also have the ability to give rise to other cell lineages similar to, but different in potency from, that of BMMSCs. This article will review the isolation and characterization of the properties of different dental MSC-like populations in comparison with those of other MSCs, such as BMMSCs. Important issues in stem cell biology, such as stem cell niche, homing, and immunoregulation, will also be discussed.
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Review |
16 |
1297 |
4
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Shi S, Hayashi Y, Esteban JA, Malinow R. Subunit-specific rules governing AMPA receptor trafficking to synapses in hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Cell 2001; 105:331-43. [PMID: 11348590 DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(01)00321-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 853] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPA-Rs) mediate a majority of excitatory synaptic transmission in the brain. In hippocampus, most AMPA-Rs are hetero-oligomers composed of GluR1/GluR2 or GluR2/GluR3 subunits. Here we show that these AMPA-R forms display different synaptic delivery mechanisms. GluR1/GluR2 receptors are added to synapses during plasticity; this requires interactions between GluR1 and group I PDZ domain proteins. In contrast, GluR2/GluR3 receptors replace existing synaptic receptors continuously; this occurs only at synapses that already have AMPA-Rs and requires interactions by GluR2 with NSF and group II PDZ domain proteins. The combination of regulated addition and continuous replacement of synaptic receptors can stabilize long-term changes in synaptic efficacy and may serve as a general model for how surface receptor number is established and maintained.
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Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. |
24 |
853 |
5
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Shi S, Bartold PM, Miura M, Seo BM, Robey PG, Gronthos S. The efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells to regenerate and repair dental structures. Orthod Craniofac Res 2005; 8:191-9. [PMID: 16022721 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-6343.2005.00331.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Identification, characterization, and potential application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) derived from human dental tissues. METHODS Dental pulp and periodontal ligament were obtained from normal human impacted third molars. The tissues were digested in collagenase/dispase to generate single cell suspensions. Cells were cultured in alpha-MEM supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum, 2 mM l-glutamine, 100 microM l-ascorbate-2-phosphate. Magnetic and fluorescence activated cell sorting were employed to characterize the phenotype of freshly isolated and ex vivo expanded cell populations. The developmental potential of cultured cells was assessed following co-transplantation with hydroxyapetite/tricalcium phosphate (HA/TCP) particles into immunocompromised mice for 8 weeks. RESULTS MSC were identified in adult human dental pulp (dental pulp stem cells, DPSC), human primary teeth (stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth, SHED), and periodontal ligament (periodontal ligament stem cells, PDLSC) by their capacity to generate clongenic cell clusters in culture. Ex vivo expanded DPSC, SHED, and PDLSC populations expressed a heterogeneous assortment of makers associated with MSC, dentin, bone, smooth muscle, neural tissue, and endothelium. PDLSC were also found to express the tendon specific marker, Scleraxis. Xenogeneic transplants containing HA/TCP with either DPSC or SHED generated donor-derived dentin-pulp-like tissues with distinct odontoblast layers lining the mineralized dentin-matrix. In parallel studies, PDLSC generated cementum-like structures associated with PDL-like connective tissue when transplanted with HA/TCP into immunocompromised mice. CONCLUSION Collectively, these data revealed the presence of distinct MSC populations associated with dental structures with the potential of stem cells to regenerate living human dental tissues in vivo.
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Review |
20 |
323 |
6
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Li W, Ren G, Huang Y, Su J, Han Y, Li J, Chen X, Cao K, Chen Q, Shou P, Zhang L, Yuan ZR, Roberts AI, Shi S, Le AD, Shi Y. Mesenchymal stem cells: a double-edged sword in regulating immune responses. Cell Death Differ 2012; 19:1505-13. [PMID: 22421969 PMCID: PMC3422473 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2012.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been employed successfully to treat various immune disorders in animal models and clinical settings. Our previous studies have shown that MSCs can become highly immunosuppressive upon stimulation by inflammatory cytokines, an effect exerted through the concerted action of chemokines and nitric oxide (NO). Here, we show that MSCs can also enhance immune responses. This immune-promoting effect occurred when proinflammatory cytokines were inadequate to elicit sufficient NO production. When inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) production was inhibited or genetically ablated, MSCs strongly enhance T-cell proliferation in vitro and the delayed-type hypersensitivity response in vivo. Furthermore, iNOS−/− MSCs significantly inhibited melanoma growth. It is likely that in the absence of NO, chemokines act to promote immune responses. Indeed, in CCR5−/−CXCR3−/− mice, the immune-promoting effect of iNOS−/− MSCs is greatly diminished. Thus, NO acts as a switch in MSC-mediated immunomodulation. More importantly, the dual effect on immune reactions was also observed in human MSCs, in which indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) acts as a switch. This study provides novel information about the pathophysiological roles of MSCs.
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
13 |
319 |
7
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Sakai VT, Zhang Z, Dong Z, Neiva KG, Machado MAAM, Shi S, Santos CF, Nör JE. SHED differentiate into functional odontoblasts and endothelium. J Dent Res 2010; 89:791-6. [PMID: 20395410 DOI: 10.1177/0022034510368647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies on mechanisms underlying the differentiation of dental pulp stem cells are critical for the understanding of the biology of odontogenesis and for dental tissue engineering. Here, we tested the hypothesis that stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) differentiate into functional odontoblasts and endothelial cells. SHED were seeded in tooth slice/scaffolds and implanted subcutaneously into immunodeficient mice. SHED differentiated into functional odontoblasts that generated tubular dentin, as determined by tetracycline staining and confocal microscopy. These cells also differentiated into vascular endothelial cells, as determined by beta-galactosidase staining of LacZ-tagged SHED. In vitro, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induced SHED to express VEGFR2, CD31, and VE-Cadherin (markers of endothelium) and to organize into capillary-like sprouts. VEGF induced ERK and AKT phosphorylation (indicative of differentiation), while inhibiting phosphorylation of STAT3 (indicative of 'stemness'). Collectively, this work demonstrates that SHED can differentiate into angiogenic endothelial cells and odontoblasts capable of generating tubular dentin.
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
15 |
275 |
8
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Batouli S, Miura M, Brahim J, Tsutsui TW, Fisher LW, Gronthos S, Robey PG, Shi S. Comparison of stem-cell-mediated osteogenesis and dentinogenesis. J Dent Res 2004; 82:976-81. [PMID: 14630898 DOI: 10.1177/154405910308201208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The difference between stem-cell-mediated bone and dentin regeneration is not yet well-understood. Here we use an in vivo stem cell transplantation system to investigate differential regulation mechanisms of bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSSCs) and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). Elevated expression of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9, gelatinase B) was found to be associated with the formation of hematopoietic marrow in BMSSC transplants, but not in the connective tissue of DPSC transplants. The expression of dentin sialoprotein (DSP) specifically marked dentin synthesis in DPSC transplants. Moreover, DPSCs were found to be able to generate reparative dentin-like tissue on the surface of human dentin in vivo. This study provided direct evidence to suggest that osteogenesis and dentinogenesis mediated by BMSSCs and DPSCs, respectively, may be regulated by distinct mechanisms, leading to the different organization of the mineralized and non-mineralized tissues.
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Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. |
21 |
268 |
9
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Abstract
We compared the gene expression profiles of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSSCs) as representative populations of odontoprogenitor and osteoprogenitor cells, respectively. Total RNA from primary cultures was reverse-transcribed to generate cDNA probes and then hybridized with the Research Genetics human gene microarray filter GF211. The microarrays were analyzed using the PATHWAYS software package. Human DPSCs and BMSSCs were found to have a similar level of gene expression for more than 4000 known human genes. A few differentially expressed genes, including collagen type XVIII alpha1, insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF-2), discordin domain tyrosine kinase 2, NAD(P)H menadione oxidoreductase, homolog 2 of Drosophila large disk, and cyclin-dependent kinase 6 were highly expressed in DPSCs, whereas insulin-like growth factor binding protein-7 (IGFBP-7), and collagen type I alpha2 were more highly expressed in BMSSCs. Furthermore, we confirmed the differential expression of these genes by semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and northern blot hybridization. The protein expression patterns for both IGF-2 and IGFBP-7 correlated with the differential mRNA levels seen between DPSCs and BMSSCs. This report describes the gene expression patterns of two distinct precursor populations associated with mineralized tissue, and provides a basis for further characterization of the functional roles for many of these genes in the development of dentin and bone.
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Comparative Study |
24 |
249 |
10
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Shi S, Ji W, Tang SH, Lang JP, Xin XQ. Synthesis and Optical Limiting Capability of Cubane-like Mixed Metal Clusters (n-Bu4N)3[MoAg3BrX3S4] (X = Cl and I). J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00087a064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23 |
240 |
11
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Mao JJ, Giannobile WV, Helms JA, Hollister SJ, Krebsbach PH, Longaker MT, Shi S. Craniofacial tissue engineering by stem cells. J Dent Res 2007; 85:966-79. [PMID: 17062735 PMCID: PMC2571078 DOI: 10.1177/154405910608501101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Craniofacial tissue engineering promises the regeneration or de novo formation of dental, oral, and craniofacial structures lost to congenital anomalies, trauma, and diseases. Virtually all craniofacial structures are derivatives of mesenchymal cells. Mesenchymal stem cells are the offspring of mesenchymal cells following asymmetrical division, and reside in various craniofacial structures in the adult. Cells with characteristics of adult stem cells have been isolated from the dental pulp, the deciduous tooth, and the periodontium. Several craniofacial structures--such as the mandibular condyle, calvarial bone, cranial suture, and subcutaneous adipose tissue--have been engineered from mesenchymal stem cells, growth factor, and/or gene therapy approaches. As a departure from the reliance of current clinical practice on durable materials such as amalgam, composites, and metallic alloys, biological therapies utilize mesenchymal stem cells, delivered or internally recruited, to generate craniofacial structures in temporary scaffolding biomaterials. Craniofacial tissue engineering is likely to be realized in the foreseeable future, and represents an opportunity that dentistry cannot afford to miss.
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Review |
18 |
236 |
12
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Wang S, Liu Y, Fang D, Shi S. The miniature pig: a useful large animal model for dental and orofacial research. Oral Dis 2008; 13:530-7. [PMID: 17944668 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2006.01337.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Compared with small animal models such as rodents, large animal models are superior in many aspects for the study of human diseases and pre-clinical therapies. Since the development of the Minnesota miniature pig in 1949 at the Hormel Institute (USA), miniature pigs have been used as a large animal model in medical studies for scientific, economic, and ethical reasons. The oral maxillofacial region of miniature pigs is similar to that of humans in anatomy, development, physiology, pathophysiology, and disease occurrence. In this review, we describe the anatomical characteristics of the oral maxillofacial system of the miniature pig, established models of oral diseases in this animal, and other uses of the miniature pig in orofacial research.
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Review |
17 |
220 |
13
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Feng F, Akiyama K, Liu Y, Yamaza T, Wang TM, Chen JH, Wang BB, Huang GTJ, Wang S, Shi S. Utility of PDL progenitors for in vivo tissue regeneration: a report of 3 cases. Oral Dis 2010; 16:20-8. [PMID: 20355278 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2009.01593.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Periodontal disease is an inflammatory disorder with widespread morbidities involving both oral and systemic health. The primary goal of periodontal treatment is the regeneration of the lost or diseased periodontium. In this study, we retrospectively examined feasibility and safety of reconstructing the periodontal intrabony defects with autologous periodontal ligament progenitor (PDLP) implantation in three patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this retrospective pilot study, we treated 16 teeth with at least one deep intrabony defect of probing depth (PD) > OR = 6 mm with PDLP transplantation and evaluated clinical outcome measures in terms of probing depth, gingival recession and attachment gain for a duration of 32-72 months. Furthermore, we compare PDLPs with standard PDL stem cells (PDLSCs) and confirmed that PDLPs possessed progenitor characters. RESULTS Clinical examination indicated that transplantationof PDLPs may provide therapeutic benefit for the periodontal defects. All treated patients showed no adverse effects during the entire course of follow up. We also found that PDLPs were analogous to PDLSCs in terms of high proliferation, expression of mesenchymal surface molecules, multipotent differentiation, and in vivo tissue regain. However, PDLPs failed to express scleraxis, a marker of tendon, as seen in PDLSCs. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated clinical and experimental evidences supporting a potential efficacy and safety of utilizing autologous PDL cells in the treatment of human periodontitis.
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
15 |
219 |
14
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Casagrande L, Demarco F, Zhang Z, Araujo F, Shi S, Nör J. Dentin-derived BMP-2 and Odontoblast Differentiation. J Dent Res 2010; 89:603-8. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034510364487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
It is known that stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) can be induced to differentiate into odontoblasts. However, the nature of dentin-derived morphogenic signals required for dental pulp stem cell differentiation remains unclear. The hypothesis underlying this work is that dentin-derived Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMP) are necessary for the differentiation of SHED into odontoblasts. We observed that SHED express markers of odontoblastic differentiation (DSPP, DMP-1, MEPE) when seeded in human tooth slice/scaffolds and cultured in vitro, or implanted subcutaneously into immunodeficient mice. In contrast, SHED cultured in deproteinized tooth slice/scaffolds, or scaffolds without a tooth slice, do not express these markers. SHED express the BMP receptors BMPR-IA, BMPR-IB, and BMPR-II. Notably, blockade of BMP-2 signaling inhibited the expression of markers of odontoblastic differentiation by SHED cultured in tooth slice/scaffolds. Collectively, this work demonstrates that dentin-derived BMP-2 is required to induce the differentiation of SHED into odontoblasts.
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15 |
182 |
15
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Wang Y, Shao L, Shi S, Harris RJ, Spellman MW, Stanley P, Haltiwanger RS. Modification of epidermal growth factor-like repeats with O-fucose. Molecular cloning and expression of a novel GDP-fucose protein O-fucosyltransferase. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:40338-45. [PMID: 11524432 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m107849200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The O-fucose modification is found on epidermal growth factor-like repeats of a number of cell surface and secreted proteins. O-Fucose glycans play important roles in ligand-induced receptor signaling. For example, elongation of O-fucose on Notch by the beta1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase Fringe modulates the ability of Notch to respond to its ligands. The enzyme that adds O-fucose to epidermal growth factor-like repeats, GDP-fucose protein O-fucosyltransferase (O-FucT-1), was purified previously from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Here we report the isolation of a cDNA that encodes human O-FucT-1. A probe deduced from N-terminal sequence analysis of purified CHO O-FucT-1 was used to screen a human heart cDNA library and expressed sequence tag and genomic data bases. The cDNA contains an open reading frame encoding a protein of 388 amino acids with a predicted N-terminal transmembrane sequence typical of a type II membrane orientation. Likewise, the mouse homolog obtained from an expressed sequence tag and 5'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends of a mouse liver cDNA library encodes a type II transmembrane protein of 393 amino acids with 90.4% identity to human O-FucT-1. Homologs were also found in Drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans with 41.2 and 29.4% identity to human O-FucT-1, respectively. The human gene (POFUT1) is on chromosome 20 between PLAGL2 and KIF3B, near the centromere at 20p11. The mouse gene (Pofut1) maps near Plagl2 on a homologous region of mouse chromosome 2. POFUT1 gene transcripts were expressed in all tissues examined, consistent with the widespread localization of the modification. Expression of a soluble form of human O-FucT-1 in insect cells yielded a protein of the predicted molecular weight with O-FucT-1 kinetic and enzymatic properties similar to those of O-FucT-1 purified from CHO cells. The identification of the gene encoding protein O-fucosyltransferase I now makes possible mutational strategies to examine the functions of the unusual O-fucose post-translational modification.
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24 |
177 |
16
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Bustamante F, Enick RM, Cugini A, Killmeyer RP, Howard BH, Rothenberger KS, Ciocco MV, Morreale BD, Chattopadhyay S, Shi S. High-temperature kinetics of the homogeneous reverse water-gas shift reaction. AIChE J 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.10099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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21 |
172 |
17
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Seo BM, Miura M, Sonoyama W, Coppe C, Stanyon R, Shi S. Recovery of stem cells from cryopreserved periodontal ligament. J Dent Res 2005; 84:907-12. [PMID: 16183789 DOI: 10.1177/154405910508401007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Human post-natal stem cells possess a great potential to be utilized in stem-cell-mediated clinical therapies and tissue engineering. It is not known whether cryopreserved human tissues contain functional post-natal stem cells. In this study, we utilized human periodontal ligament to test the hypothesis that cryopreserved human periodontal ligament contains retrievable post-natal stem cells. These cryopreserved periodontal ligament stem cells maintained normal periodontal ligament stem cell characteristics, including expression of the mesenchymal stem cell surface molecule STRO-1, single-colony-strain generation, multipotential differentiation, cementum/periodontal-ligament-like tissue regeneration, and a normal diploid karyotype. Collectively, this study provides valuable evidence demonstrating a practical approach to the preservation of solid-frozen human tissues for subsequent post-natal stem cell isolation and tissue regeneration. The present study demonstrates that human post-natal stem cells can be recovered from cryopreserved human periodontal ligament, thereby providing a practical clinical approach for the utilization of frozen tissues for stem cell isolation.
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Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural |
20 |
149 |
18
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Wooley KL, Hawker CJ, Frechet JMJ, Wudl F, Srdanov G, Shi S, Li C, Kao M. Fullerene-bound dendrimers: soluble, isolated carbon clusters. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00074a075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23 |
142 |
19
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Zheng Y, Liu Y, Zhang CM, Zhang HY, Li WH, Shi S, Le AD, Wang SL. Stem cells from deciduous tooth repair mandibular defect in swine. J Dent Res 2009; 88:249-54. [PMID: 19329459 DOI: 10.1177/0022034509333804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth have been identified as a new post-natal stem cell population with multipotential differentiation capabilities, including regeneration of mineralized tissues in vivo. To examine the efficacy of utilizing these stem cells in regenerating orofacial bone defects, we isolated stem cells from miniature pig deciduous teeth and engrafted the critical-size bone defects generated in swine mandible models. Our results indicated that stem cells from miniature pig deciduous teeth, an autologous and easily accessible stem cell source, were able to engraft and regenerate bone to repair critical-size mandibular defects at 6 months post-surgical reconstruction. This pre-clinical study in a large-animal model, specifically swine, allows for testing of a stem cells/scaffold construct in the restoration of orofacial skeletal defects and provides rapid translation of stem-cell-based therapy in orofacial reconstruction in human clinical trials.
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
16 |
140 |
20
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Abstract
The ability to identify and manipulate stem cells has been a significant advancement in regenerative medicine and has contributed to the development of tissue engineering-based clinical therapies. Difficulties associated with achieving predictable periodontal regeneration, means that novel techniques such as tissue engineering need to be developed in order to regenerate the extensive soft and hard tissue destruction that results from periodontitis. One of the critical requirements for a tissue engineering approach is the delivery of ex vivo expanded progenitor populations or the mobilization of endogenous progenitor cells capable of proliferating and differentiating into the required tissues. By definition, stem cells fulfill these requirements and the recent identification of stem cells within the periodontal ligament represents a significant development in the progress toward predictable periodontal regeneration. In order to explore the importance of stem cells in periodontal wound healing and regeneration, this review will examine contemporary concepts in stem cell biology, the role of periodontal ligament progenitor cells in the regenerative process, recent developments in identifying periodontal stem cells and the clinical implications of these findings.
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Review |
19 |
138 |
21
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Gronthos S, Mrozik K, Shi S, Bartold PM. Ovine periodontal ligament stem cells: isolation, characterization, and differentiation potential. Calcif Tissue Int 2006; 79:310-7. [PMID: 17033723 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-006-0040-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2006] [Accepted: 05/28/2006] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Periodontal disease leads to destruction of the connective tissues responsible for restraining teeth within the jaw. To date, various conventional therapies for periodontal regeneration have shown limited and variable clinical outcomes. Recent studies have suggested that newly identified human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) may offer an alternate and more reliable strategy for the treatment of periodontal disease using a cell-based tissue engineering approach. In the present study, we generated enriched preparations of PDLSCs derived from ovine periodontal ligament using immunomagnetic bead selection, based on expression of the mesenchymal stem cell-associated antigen CD106 (vascular cell adhesion molecule 1). These CD106+ ovine PDLSCs demonstrated the capacity to form adherent clonogenic clusters of fibroblast-like cells when plated at low densities in vitro. Ex vivo-expanded ovine PDLSCs exhibited a high proliferation rate in vitro and expressed a phenotype (CD44+, CD166+, CBFA-1+, collagen-I+, bone sialoprotein+) consistent with human-derived PDLSCs. Furthermore, cultured ovine PDLSCs expressed high transcript levels of the ligament/tendon-specific early transcription factor scleraxis. Importantly, ex vivo-expanded ovine PDLSCs demonstrated the capacity to regenerate both cementum-like mineral and periodontal ligament when transplanted into NOD/SCID mice. The results from the present study suggest that ovine PDLSCs may potentially be used as a novel cellular therapy to facilitate successful and more predictable regeneration of periodontal tissue using an ovine preclinical model of periodontal disease as a prelude to human clinical studies.
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134 |
22
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Shi S, Khemani KC, Li Q, Wudl F. A polyester and polyurethane of diphenyl C61: retention of fulleroid properties in a polymer. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00052a083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23 |
133 |
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Shi S, Ji W, Lang JP, Xin XQ. New Nonlinear Optical Chromophore: Synthesis, Structures, and Optical Limiting Effect of Transition-Metal Clusters (n-Bu4N)3[WM3Br4S4] (M = Cu and Ag). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/j100065a005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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116 |
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Xu X, Chen C, Akiyama K, Chai Y, Le AD, Wang Z, Shi S. Gingivae contain neural-crest- and mesoderm-derived mesenchymal stem cells. J Dent Res 2013; 92:825-32. [PMID: 23867762 DOI: 10.1177/0022034513497961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Gingivae represent a unique soft tissue that serves as a biological barrier to cover the oral cavity side of the maxilla and mandible. Recently, the gingivae were identified as containing mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs). However, it is unknown whether the GMSCs are derived from cranial neural crest cells (CNCC) or the mesoderm. In this study, we show that around 90% of GMSCs are derived from CNCC and 10% from the mesoderm. In comparison with mesoderm MSCs (M-GMSCs), CNCC-derived GMSCs (N-GMSCs) show an elevated capacity to differentiate into neural cells and chondrocytes and induce activated T-cell apoptosis in vitro. When transplanted into mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, N-GMSCs showed superior effects in ameliorating inflammatory-related disease phenotype in comparison with the M-GMSC treatment group. Mechanistically, the increased immunomodulatory effect of N-GMSCs is associated with up-regulated expression of FAS ligand (FASL), a transmembrane protein that plays an important role in MSC-based immunomodulation. In summary, our study indicates that the gingivae contain both neural-crest- and mesoderm-derived MSCs with distinctive stem cell properties.
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Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural |
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115 |
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Sonoyama W, Seo BM, Yamaza T, Shi S. Human Hertwig's epithelial root sheath cells play crucial roles in cementum formation. J Dent Res 2007; 86:594-9. [PMID: 17586703 DOI: 10.1177/154405910708600703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) cells are a unique population of epithelial cells in the periodontal ligament compartment. To date, their functional role has not been fully elucidated. Our hypothesis was that HERS cells may be involved in regulating differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and forming cementum in vivo. In this study, we found that HERS cells may be capable of promoting PDLSC differentiation and undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition in vitro. Immunohistochemical staining, Western blot analysis, a transwell co-culture system, and in vivo transplantation were used to characterize the interplay between HERS cells and PDLSCs, as well as the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of HERS cells. TGFbeta1 was capable of inducing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of HERS cells through activating the PI3K/AKT pathway. Furthermore, HERS cells were able to form cementum-like tissue when transplanted into immunocompromised mice. ABBREVIATIONS bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell, BMMSC; bone sialoprotein, BSP; hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate, HA/TCP; Hertwig's epithelial root sheath, HERS; osteocalcin, OCN; periodontal ligament, PDL; periodontal ligament stem cell, PDLSC; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, PI3K.
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
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110 |