251
|
Abstract
We investigated behavioral responses after dehorning and a sham procedure in 20 Holstein calves aged 4 to 8 wk. Calves either received a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (ketoprofen) before dehorning as well as 2 and 7 h after the procedure or were assigned to a control group. All calves received a sedative (xylazine) and local anaesthetic (lidocaine) before dehorning, and responses were scored over 24 h after the procedure. After hot-iron dehorning, calves treated with ketoprofen also demonstrated little head shaking or ear flicking, but control animals demonstrated higher frequencies of these behaviors; both responses peaked 6 h after dehorning. Differences between the treatment groups remained statistically significant until 12 h (head shaking) and 24 h (ear flicking) after dehorning. A low frequency of head rubbing was observed in both treatment groups, but control calves were more frequently observed engaged in this behavior. There was no statistically significant effect of treatment on any of the other behavioral measures. Calves treated with ketoprofen also tended to gain more weight (1.2+/-0.4 kg) during the 24 h after dehorning than did control calves (0.2+/-0.4 kg). There was no effect of treatment on any of the response variables when calves were sham dehorned. These results indicate that ketoprofen mitigates pain after hot-iron dehorning in young dairy calves.
Collapse
|
252
|
Pitts AD, Weary DM, Pajor EA, Fraser D. Mixing at young ages reduces fighting in unacquainted domestic pigs. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2000; 68:191-197. [PMID: 10804264 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1591(00)00104-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Under normal farming practices, piglets from different litters are often mixed around the time of weaning, and a high incidence of fighting and minor injuries often occur. The aim of this experiment was to determine the effect of age on the incidence of fighting in piglets mixed before weaning, at different ages between 5 and 26 days. We found no significant relationship between age and the likelihood that a pair of piglets would fight during the first 75 min after mixing. However, the duration of the first fight observed increased from 101+/-38 s at 5 days to 621+/-278 s at 26 days, mainly because of higher levels of unretaliated harassment and resting during the bouts. Younger pigs also showed 80% fewer injuries from the fighting. The results suggest some potential welfare advantage to allowing litters to mix at younger ages.
Collapse
|
253
|
Abstract
We compared the prevalence and severity of skin lesions on the hocks of lactating dairy cows in southern British Columbia, comparing 20 farms using three common bedding surfaces: sawdust, sand, and geotextile mattresses. Skin lesions were scored at five positions on the hock. For each position we noted if the lesion showed inflammatory attributes, and then assigned a severity score. Of the 1752 lactating cows scored, 1267 cows (73%) had at least one hock lesion. Of those cows with lesions, 87% had lesions on both legs, 76% had lesions on more than one location on the hock, and 78% had a lesion of at least moderate severity (i.e., evidence of skin breakage or an area of hair loss >10 cm2). Lesions were most prevalent on farms that used geotextile mattresses (91% of cows) and least common on farms that used sand (24% of cows). Moreover, lesions on cows from farms using mattresses were more numerous and more severe than those on cows from sand-bedded farms. The prevalence and severity of lesions on farms using sawdust was intermediate. Lesions also varied in relation to location on the hock. For farms using geotextile mattresses, lesions were more common and more severe on the lateral surfaces of both the tuber calcis and the tarsal joint. On farms using sawdust, lesions were common on the dorsal surface of the tuber calcis and the lateral surfaces of both the tuber calcis and the tarsal joint. Lesions were rare on all five positions for cows from sand-bedded farms. Among the 10 farms sampled using sawdust, we found a significant negative relationship between the length of the stall and severity of lesions. For cows with lesions, the number and severity of lesions increased with age.
Collapse
|
254
|
Cloutier S, Weary DM, Fraser D. Can Ambient Sound Reduce Distress in Piglets During Weaning and Restraint? J APPL ANIM WELF SCI 2000. [DOI: 10.1207/s15327604jaws0302_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
|
255
|
Appleby MC, Weary DM, Taylor AA, Illmann G. Vocal Communication in Pigs: Who are Nursing Piglets Screaming at? Ethology 1999. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0310.1999.00459.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
256
|
Weary DM, Pajor EA, Bonenfant M, Ross SK, Fraser D, Kramer DL. Alternative housing for sows and litters: 2. Effects of a communal piglet area on pre- and post-weaning behaviour and performance. Appl Anim Behav Sci 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1591(99)00053-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
257
|
Weary DM, Phillips PA, Pajor EA, Fraser D, Thompson BK. Crushing of piglets by sows: effects of litter features, pen features and sow behaviour. Appl Anim Behav Sci 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1591(98)00187-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
258
|
|
259
|
Weary DM, Pajor EA, Fraser D, Honkanen AM. Sow body movements that crush piglets: a comparison between two types of farrowing accommodation. Appl Anim Behav Sci 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0168-1591(96)01042-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
260
|
|
261
|
|
262
|
Silva KBD, Kramer DL, Weary DM. Context-specific alarm calls of the eastern chipmunk, Tamias striatus. CAN J ZOOL 1994. [DOI: 10.1139/z94-146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The structure and context of alarm calls produced by chipmunks (Tamias striatus) at a field site in southern Quebec were recorded during opportunistic field observations and experimentally simulated hawk attacks. Chipmunks produced three call types in the presence of predators. Chipping consisted of a series of high frequency notes with a rapid downward frequency slope (9.6 to 2.8 kHz) and was given in the presence of mammalian predators by chipmunks perched on a raised vantage point. Chucking consisted of a series of lower frequency notes also sloping downwards (2.5 to 0.4 kHz), given in the presence of avian predators by perched animals. The trill was a lower amplitude, multi-note call usually given only once by animals before reaching a refuge while fleeing from either type of predator. The average trill contained 6–11 downward sloping notes (7.3 to 0.8 kHz). The alarm call types of eastern chipmunks appear to be similar to those reported for western chipmunks. However, they differ in the clear separation of the calls for aerial and terrestrial predators. Chipmunks differ from most other terrestrial sciurids in giving repeated calls for aerial as well as terrestrial predators and in using a call just before reaching a secure refuge.
Collapse
|
263
|
Johnsrude IS, Weary DM, Ratcliffe LM, Weisman RG. Effect of motivational context on conspecific song discrimination by brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater). J Comp Psychol 1994; 108:172-8. [PMID: 8026169 DOI: 10.1037/0735-7036.108.2.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Two experiments to examine the effects of motivational context on the perception of conspecific song by cowbirds were conducted. In the first experiment, sexual displays were elicited from females by playback of normal song and rearranged sequences of the component phrases. In a second experiment, male and female cowbirds discriminated among the same songs in a food-rewarded operant procedure. In a sexual context, the birds were sensitive to both the beginning and end phrases of normal song, whereas in a food context, the birds were more sensitive to the beginning of normal song. In both experiments, one-phase songs were better discriminated from normal song than two-phrase songs, and there was no effect of phrase order on discrimination. Similarities and differences in the results of the two experiments suggest that some aspects of cowbird song perception remain constant across motivational contexts, whereas others are unique to particular motivational contexts.
Collapse
|
264
|
Butynski TM, Chapman CA, Chapman LJ, Weary DM. Use of male blue monkey "Pyow" calls for long-term individual identification. Am J Primatol 1992; 28:183-189. [PMID: 31941215 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.1350280303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/1991] [Accepted: 03/20/1992] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This study examines whether individual adult male blue monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis stuhlmanni) can be identified through acoustic analysis of their "pyow" calls. It is possible to reliably assign the pyow call of the blue monkeys of Kibale Forest, Uganda, to the individual caller based on the acoustic properties of the vocalization. Analysis of pyows made by a recognizable male over a 10-yr period shows that the acoustic properties of one individual's pyow call can remain relatively constant over time. Acoustic analysis of pyow calls may provide a relatively easy and reliable method to document tenure lengths of adult male blue monkeys resident in groups. Similar analyses of the loud calls of other species of primates may, likewise, prove to be useful in documenting long-term membership. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Collapse
|
265
|
|
266
|
|
267
|
Kramer DL, Weary DM. Exploration versus exploitation: a field study of time allocation to environmental tracking by foraging chipmunks. Anim Behav 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-3472(05)80846-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
268
|
|
269
|
Chapman CA, Weary DM. Variability in spider monkeys' vocalizations may provide basis for individual recognition. Am J Primatol 1990; 22:279-284. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.1350220407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/1989] [Accepted: 04/27/1990] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
270
|
Weary DM, Falls JB, McGregor PK. Song matching and the perception of song types in great tits, Parus major. Behav Ecol 1990. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/1.1.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
271
|
Weary DM. Categorical perception of bird song: How do great tits (Parus major) perceive temporal variation in their song? J Comp Psychol 1989. [DOI: 10.1037/0735-7036.103.4.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
272
|
Weary DM, Lemon RE, Date EM. Neighbour–stranger discrimination by song in the veery, a species with song repertoires. CAN J ZOOL 1987. [DOI: 10.1139/z87-186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Territorial male veeries (Catharus fuscescens) responded much more to playback of song repertoires from strangers than of those from territorial neighbours. Previous experimental work on species that possess song repertoires has demonstrated only weak neighbour–stranger discrimination. These earlier studies, however, employed only one or two song types, which constituted only a fraction of the repertoires of these species. We used the entire repertoires for playback, these varying from one to three song types. The strong discrimination we demonstrate here is interpreted as evidence that repertoires are not detrimental to recognition by song in veeries. Recordings of song sequences from some individuals consistently evoked a stronger response than did those of others. These differences in response were not related to the number of song types, the number of versions of any one song type, nor to the quality of recording presented.
Collapse
|