251
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Spaeny-Dekking L, Nilsson L, von Euler A, van de Putte P, Goosen N. Effects of N-terminal deletions of the Escherichia coli protein Fis on growth rate, tRNA(2Ser) expression and cell morphology. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1995; 246:259-65. [PMID: 7862098 DOI: 10.1007/bf00294690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The Escherichia coli Fis protein is known to be involved in a variety of processes, including the activation of stable RNA operons. In this paper we study the ability of a set of N-terminal Fis deletion mutants to stimulate transcription of the tRNA(2Ser) gene. The results indicate that the domain of the Fis protein containing residues 1-26 is not required for transcription activation. The Fis mutants that are still active in transcription stimulation can also complement the reduced growth rates of Fis- cells, suggesting that the same activating domain is involved in this phenomenon. In addition, we show that in fast growing cultures in the absence of an active Fis protein, minicells are formed. These minicells seem to arise from septum formation near the cell poles. Suppression of minicell formation by Fis also does not require the presence of the N-terminal domain of the protein.
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252
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Shiddo SA, Mohamed AA, Huldt G, Loftenius A, Nilsson L, Jonsson J, Ouchterlony O, Thorstensson R. Visceral leishmaniasis in Somalia. Circulating antibodies as measured by DAT, immunofluorescence and ELISA. TROPICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL MEDICINE 1995; 47:68-73. [PMID: 8592766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Sera from patients with visceral leishmaniasis (VL) (n = 26), healthy residents of Mogadishu (n = 157), inhabitants of a village in an endemic area (n = 276) and healthy Swedes (n = 60) were examined using the direct agglutination test (DAT), immunofluorescence (IF) and ELISA for antibodies against Leishmania donovani. The study was carried out in order to provide baseline data for antibody responses in visceral leishmaniasis as existing in Somalia and to explore which one of these methods would be most suitable for diagnosis of clinical cases as well as for epidemiological population studies in Somalia. All patients had high levels of circulating antibodies, however, lower values were recorded in the early stages of the disease. High reactivity in ELISA was seen first after one year. All three tests distinguished well between sera from VL patients and healthy controls. Approximately 10% of the sera from villagers were reactive above the cut-off levels in the three tests. DAT is the simplest to perform and does not require much equipment. ELISA can be made simple and economic if performed in one serum dilution and read visually. IF requires more expensive and specialized equipment and is not suitable for large scale examination of sera. A complete evaluation of the three tests should also include the analysis of sera from various stages and manifestations of the disease.
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253
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Wikland M, Nilsson L, Bergh C, Hamberger L. Results from in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection with purified gonadotrophins (Metrodin HP). HORMONE RESEARCH 1995; 43:238-40. [PMID: 7782057 DOI: 10.1159/000184286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Purified urinary follicle-stimulating hormone (uFSH-HP; Metrodin HP, Serono Ltd.) was compared with a combination of pure FSH and human menopausal gonadotrophin (hMG; Pergonal, Serono Ltd.) in patients undergoing standard in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). In standard IVF, pure FSH gave a significantly higher pregnancy rate per started cycle than did the combination with hMG (35 vs. 18%, p < 0.05). No differences between standard IVF and ICSI were seen which could be associated with hormonal stimulation in an open non-randomized series of patients. In 11 ICSI cycles, the use of recombinant FSH (Gonal F, Serono Ltd.) resulted in 4 ongoing pregnancies.
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254
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Hamberger L, Sjögren A, Lundin K, Söderlund B, Nilsson L, Bergh C, Wennerholm UB, Wikland M, Svalander P, Jakobsson AH. Microfertilization techniques--the Swedish experience. Reprod Fertil Dev 1995; 7:263-7; discussion 268. [PMID: 7480845 DOI: 10.1071/rd9950263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) has been studied in this animal research programme since 1990. In 1993, the technique was first applied clinically and up to the present time (September 1994), a total of 456 couples have been studied in 538 cycles. The principal indication for the use of ICSI has been severe male sub-fertility as judged by a semen analysis. In addition, men with high titres of antisperm antibodies, blockage of the vas deferens and neurological disorders such as spinal cord lesions have been included in the programme. Men with genetic disorders such as cystic fibrosis and acrosome-deficient spermatozoa have also been treated successfully. The overall fertilization rate using ICSI was 59%, which is similar to the conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF) programme in Göteborg, however, the pregnancy rate per embryo transfer (29%) and the ongoing pregnancy rate per transfer (22%) were slightly lower. The total number of pregnancies was 144 with 111 of the pregnancies either ongoing or already delivered. To date, 36 healthy children have been born following 29 deliveries and no major malformations have been diagnosed. Being the first programme in Scandinavia to perform ICSI, this unit has experienced long waiting lists which indicates that severe male sub-fertility will be one of the major groups for treatment with assisted reproductive technologies in the future.
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255
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Zilliacus J, Wright AP, Carlstedt-Duke J, Nilsson L, Gustafsson JA. Modulation of DNA-binding specificity within the nuclear receptor family by substitutions at a single amino acid position. Proteins 1995; 21:57-67. [PMID: 7716169 DOI: 10.1002/prot.340210107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of gene expression involves a large number of transcription factors with unique DNA-binding properties. Many transcription factors belong to families of related proteins that bind to similar but distinct sequences. In this study we have analyzed how amino acid substitutions at a single position in the DNA-binding domain modulate the DNA-binding specificity within the nuclear receptor family of transcription factors. All possible amino acids were introduced at the first position in the DNA recognition helix, and the specificities of the mutants were analyzed using response elements containing all combinations of bases at two variable base pair positions. All mutant proteins were functional in DNA binding, and could be divided into classes of mutants with different response element specificities. By combining functional data with analysis of the structural effects of the mutations by molecular modeling, we could identify both prohibitive steric interactions as well as positive interactions, such as hydrogen bonds, that function as important determinants for specificity. Only the residues found naturally in the glucocorticoid and estrogen receptors, glycine and glutamate, produce unique binding specificities. The specificities of the other mutants overlap with each other somewhat but the substitutions clearly have potential to contribute to diversity within the nuclear receptor family.
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256
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Vorechovský I, Vihinen M, de Saint Basile G, Honsová S, Hammarström L, Müller S, Nilsson L, Fischer A, Smith CI. DNA-based mutation analysis of Bruton's tyrosine kinase gene in patients with X-linked agammaglobulinaemia. Hum Mol Genet 1995; 4:51-8. [PMID: 7711734 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/4.1.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of the BTK (Bruton's tyrosine kinase) gene defective in human immunoglobulin deficiency X-linked agammaglobulinaemia (XLA) and characterisation of BTK exon-intron boundaries has now allowed the analysis of mutations and polymorphisms at the level of genomic DNA. Using Southern blot analysis and the polymerase chain reaction single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) assay, amplifying all 19 exons and the putative promoter region with a single annealling temperature, mutations have been identified in 19 out of 24 unrelated patients diagnosed as having XLA. Apart from a large deletion involving exon 19, nine missense (F25S, R288W, 1370M, M509V, R525P, N526K, R562W, A582V and G594R), two nonsense (E277X and R525X), five frameshift and two splice site mutations have been found affecting most coding exons and all major enzyme domains. No mutations or polymorphisms were detected in the putative promoter region. A single nucleotide deletion located in the last exon, resulting in a truncation of the eight C-terminal residues of Btk and a typical XLA phenotype, indicates structural and/or functional importance of Btk helix I in the catalytic domain. Although allelic heterogeneity at the BTK locus may partly explain clinical variability in families with XLA, compensatory and redundant mechanisms involved in B-cell development must play a role in the phenotypic diversity of the disease.
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257
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Vihinen M, Vetrie D, Maniar HS, Ochs HD, Zhu Q, Vorechovský I, Webster AD, Notarangelo LD, Nilsson L, Sowadski JM. Structural basis for chromosome X-linked agammaglobulinemia: a tyrosine kinase disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1994; 91:12803-7. [PMID: 7809124 PMCID: PMC45528 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.91.26.12803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) is a hereditary defect of B-cell differentiation in man caused by deficiency of Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK). A three-dimensional model for the BTK kinase domain, based on the core structure of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, was used to interpret the structural basis for disease in eight independent point mutations in patients with XLA. As Arg-525 of BTK has been thought to functionally substitute for a critical lysine residue in protein-serine kinases, the mutation Arg-525-->Gln was studied and found to abrogate the tyrosine kinase activity of BTK. All of the eight mutations (Lys-430-->Glu, Arg-520-->Glu, Arg-525-->Gln, Arg-562-->Pro, Ala-582-->Val, Glu-589-->Gly, Gly-594-->Glu, and Gly-613-->Asp) were located on one face of the BTK kinase domain, indicating structural clustering of functionally important residues.
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258
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Sideras P, Müller S, Shiels H, Jin H, Khan WN, Nilsson L, Parkinson E, Thomas JD, Brandén L, Larsson I. Genomic organization of mouse and human Bruton's agammaglobulinemia tyrosine kinase (Btk) loci. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 1994; 153:5607-17. [PMID: 7989760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Btk is a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) that has been directly implicated in the pathogenesis of X-linked agammaglobulinaemia (XLA) in humans and X-linked immunodeficiency (Xid) in mice. We have isolated phage and cosmid clones that allowed us to deduce the genomic structure of mouse and human Btk loci. The mouse and human genes are contained within genomic regions that span approximately 43.5 kb and 37.5 kb, respectively. Both loci contain 18 coding exons ranging between 55 and 560 bp in size with introns ranging in size from 164 bp to approximately 9 kb. The 5'-untranslated regions are encoded by single exons located approximately 9 kb upstream of the first coding exon. Exon 18 encodes for the last 23 carboxyl-terminal amino acids and the entire 3'-untranslated region. The location of intron/exon boundaries in the catalytic domains of the mouse and human Btk loci differs from that found in other described sub-families of intracellular PTKs, namely that of Src, Fes/Fer, Csk, and Abl/Arg. This observation is consistent with the classification of Btk together with the recently characterized kinases, Tec and Itk, into a separate sub-family of cytoplasmic PTKs. Putative transcription initiation sites in the mouse and human Btk loci have been determined by using the rapid amplification of cDNA ends assay. Similar to many other PTK specific genes, the putative Btk promoters lack obvious TATAA and CAAAT motifs. Putative initiator elements and potential binding sites for Ets (PEA-3), zeste, and PuF transcription factors are located within the 300 bp which are located upstream of the major transcription start site in both species. These sequences can mediate promoter activity when placed upstream of a promotorless chloramphenicol acetyl transferase reporter gene in an orientation-dependent manner. The present analysis will significantly facilitate the mutational analyses of patients with XLA and the further characterization of the function and regulation of the Btk molecule.
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259
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Sideras P, Müller S, Shiels H, Jin H, Khan WN, Nilsson L, Parkinson E, Thomas JD, Brandén L, Larsson I. Genomic organization of mouse and human Bruton's agammaglobulinemia tyrosine kinase (Btk) loci. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1994. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.153.12.5607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Btk is a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) that has been directly implicated in the pathogenesis of X-linked agammaglobulinaemia (XLA) in humans and X-linked immunodeficiency (Xid) in mice. We have isolated phage and cosmid clones that allowed us to deduce the genomic structure of mouse and human Btk loci. The mouse and human genes are contained within genomic regions that span approximately 43.5 kb and 37.5 kb, respectively. Both loci contain 18 coding exons ranging between 55 and 560 bp in size with introns ranging in size from 164 bp to approximately 9 kb. The 5'-untranslated regions are encoded by single exons located approximately 9 kb upstream of the first coding exon. Exon 18 encodes for the last 23 carboxyl-terminal amino acids and the entire 3'-untranslated region. The location of intron/exon boundaries in the catalytic domains of the mouse and human Btk loci differs from that found in other described sub-families of intracellular PTKs, namely that of Src, Fes/Fer, Csk, and Abl/Arg. This observation is consistent with the classification of Btk together with the recently characterized kinases, Tec and Itk, into a separate sub-family of cytoplasmic PTKs. Putative transcription initiation sites in the mouse and human Btk loci have been determined by using the rapid amplification of cDNA ends assay. Similar to many other PTK specific genes, the putative Btk promoters lack obvious TATAA and CAAAT motifs. Putative initiator elements and potential binding sites for Ets (PEA-3), zeste, and PuF transcription factors are located within the 300 bp which are located upstream of the major transcription start site in both species. These sequences can mediate promoter activity when placed upstream of a promotorless chloramphenicol acetyl transferase reporter gene in an orientation-dependent manner. The present analysis will significantly facilitate the mutational analyses of patients with XLA and the further characterization of the function and regulation of the Btk molecule.
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260
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Vihinen M, Nilsson L, Smith CI. Structural basis of SH2 domain mutations in X-linked agammaglobulinemia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1994; 205:1270-7. [PMID: 7528500 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1994.2802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The three-dimensional structure of Bruton's agammaglobulinemia tyrosine kinase (Btk) SH2 domain was modeled based on v-Src. Btk SH2 is presumably very related to the other SH2 structures consisting of two beta-sheets surrounded by two alpha-helices, with a well conserved hydrophobic core and phoshotyrosyl peptide binding site. The model was used to predict the recognition sequence of the target protein, which probably is YEXI/L. Mutations in the Btk sequence can cause the human disease X-linked agammaglobulinemia and reasons for the disease in Btk SH2 mutations were inferred from the model.
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261
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Lundin K, Sjögren A, Nilsson L, Hamberger L. [A hope for men with spermatozoa antibodies. Very good results with assisted fertilization]. LAKARTIDNINGEN 1994; 91:4758-61. [PMID: 7830429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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262
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Lundin K, Sjögren A, Nilsson L, Hamberger L. Fertilization and pregnancy after intracytoplasmic microinjection of acrosomeless spermatozoa. Fertil Steril 1994; 62:1266-7. [PMID: 7957996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Spermatozoa lacking acrosomes were injected into the cytoplasm of mature human oocytes. In two subsequent cycles, 12 of 28 (43%) oocytes were fertilized, and the ET of the second cycle resulted in a twin pregnancy. This report describes, to the best of our knowledge, the first case of successful fertilization and delivery after using acrosomeless spermatozoa. Our hope is that with increasing experience with microinjection, in the near future, this type of infertility will not remain a serious problem.
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263
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264
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Bile K, Isse A, Mohamud O, Allebeck P, Nilsson L, Norder H, Mushahwar IK, Magnius LO. Contrasting roles of rivers and wells as sources of drinking water on attack and fatality rates in a hepatitis E epidemic in Somalia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1994. [PMID: 7943574 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.1994.51.466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In early 1988, an increased incidence of acute hepatitis was observed in villages along the Shebeli River in the Lower Shebeli region of Somalia. This was followed by a large epidemic that lasted until late 1989. In a survey of 142 villages with a population of 245,312 individuals, 11,413 icteric cases were recorded, of which 346 died, corresponding to an attack rate and a case fatality rate of 4.6% and 3.0%, respectively. The etiologic role of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in this epidemic was proven by demonstrating anti-HEV in 128 of 145 sampled cases as a sign of recent infection with HEV. In three villages, where a special study protocol was implemented, the attack rate was found to increase significantly with age from 5% in the group 1-4 years of age to 13% in the group 5-15 years of age and to 20% for persons older than 15 years of age. Among cases 20-39 years of age, the female-to-male ratio was 1.5:1, which was a significant predominance of females. As in other hepatitis E outbreaks, there was a high fatality rate in pregnant females, estimated to be 13.8%. The epidemic peaked with the rise in the level of the river during rainfall, suggesting that the disease was waterborne. The attack rate was higher (6.0%) in villages supplied with river water, while fewer cases were recorded in those relying on wells or ponds for their water supply, 1.7% and 1.2%, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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265
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Sigurs N, Hattevig G, Kjellman B, Kjellman NI, Nilsson L, Björkstén B. Appearance of atopic disease in relation to serum IgE antibodies in children followed up from birth for 4 to 15 years. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1994; 94:757-63. [PMID: 7930310 DOI: 10.1016/0091-6749(94)90184-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have addressed the relationship between sensitization and the development of atopic disease over many years. OBJECTIVE To study the temporal relationship between the appearance of IgE antibodies in serum and atopic disease, we studied 324 children from three different groups, who were followed up prospectively from birth for 4, 12, and 15 years, respectively. METHODS Serum samples were obtained at various ages and analyzed for IgE antibodies against egg white, cow's milk, wheat, animal dander, house dust mite, birch and timothy with Phadebas RAST (Kabi Pharmacia Diagnostics AB, Uppsala, Sweden) or Pharmacia CAP system. In addition, a screening test for atopy, the Phadiatop Paediatric test (Kabi Pharmacia Diagnostics AB) was performed. Presence of atopic disease was assessed by means of clinical examination, interviews, and questionnaires. RESULTS In 135 children IgE antibodies were detected at least once to at least one allergen. Antibodies to egg white appeared in 46 children before or at 2 years of age: in 57% of them IgE antibodies to inhalants developed within the next 2 years, and in 19 of 25 (76%) IgE antibodies to inhalants developed before or at 12 to 15 years. Antibodies to inhalant allergens appeared in 55 children during the first 4 years of life and in 64 before 12 to 15 years. Among the former 48% and among the latter 32% had previously detectable egg white antibodies. Atopic disease appeared before or at age 4 years in 80% of the 40 children with IgE antibodies against egg white up to 9 months of age and in 69% of the 58 children who had a positive Phadiatop Paediatric test result in infancy. CONCLUSIONS IgE antibodies in children are usually associated with current or later topic disease. Sensitization to foods in infants is usually associated with appearance of IgE antibodies to inhalants later in life.
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266
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Gether U, Nilsson L, Lowe JA, Schwartz TW. Specific residues at the top of transmembrane segment V and VI of the neurokinin-1 receptor involved in binding of the nonpeptide antagonist CP 96,345 [corrected]. J Biol Chem 1994; 269:23959-64. [PMID: 7929043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously we have found that binding of the nonpeptide substance P antagonist, CP 96,345, to the neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor was critically dependent on two short segments adjacent to the top of transmembrane segments (TM) V and VI, called segments A (residues 183-195) and D (residues 271-276), respectively. In the present study we have systematically performed substitutions of nonconserved residues within these two segments with residues from the homologous NK-3 and/or NK-2 receptor. In segment A, deletion of residues Glu193 and Lys194, which are not present in the NK-3 receptor, or substituting them with leucines as in the NK-2 receptor, decreased the affinity of CP 96,345 10- and 22-fold, respectively. Surprisingly, switching the position of Glu193 and Lys194 did not affect the affinity of CP 96,345, suggesting that, rather than interacting directly with CP 96,345, an interaction of these residues with one another is important for CP 96,345 binding. In segment D substitution of Tyr272 with threonine as in the NK-2 receptor and with alanine as in the NK-3 receptor decreased the affinity of CP 96,345 7- and 24-fold, respectively. Mutation of the preceding Pro271 to glycine alone did not affect CP 96,345 binding, but, combined with the mutation of Tyr272 to threonine, the affinity decreased 28-fold. A series of CP 96,345 analogues with modifications of the major chemical moieties exhibited equally reduced affinity as that of CP 96,345 for the Tyr272- and Lys193-Glu194-substituted constructs, except CP 95,555, which lacks one of the phenyl rings in the benzhydryl group and which was almost unaffected by these mutations. In conclusion, our data indicate a direct interaction between CP 96,345 and Tyr272, which are located at the top of TM VI likely in close spatial proximity to the previously identified interaction point, His197, at the top of the adjacent TM V. Furthermore, the data demonstrated a critical involvement in CP 96,345 binding of Lys193 and Glu194 located one alpha-helical turn above His197.
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267
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Abstract
The pleckstrin homology (PH) domain is extended in the Btk kinase family by a region designated the TH (Tec homology) domain, which consists of about 80 residues preceding the SH3 domain. The TH domain contains a conserved 27 amino acid stretch designated the Btk motif and a proline-rich region. Sequence similarity was found to a putative Ras GTPase activating protein and a human interferon-gamma binding protein both in the PH domain and the Btk motif region. SLK1/SSP31 protein kinase and a non-catalytic p85 subunit of PI-3 kinase had similarity only with the proline rich region. The identification of a PH domain extension in some signal transduction proteins in different species suggests that this region is involved in protein-protein interactions.
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268
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Zhu Q, Zhang M, Rawlings DJ, Vihinen M, Hagemann T, Saffran DC, Kwan SP, Nilsson L, Smith CI, Witte ON, Chen SH, Ochs HD. Deletion within the Src homology domain 3 of Bruton's tyrosine kinase resulting in X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA). J Exp Med 1994; 180:461-70. [PMID: 7519238 PMCID: PMC2191618 DOI: 10.1084/jem.180.2.461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The gene responsible for X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) has been recently identified to code for a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase (Bruton's agammaglobulinemia tyrosine kinase, BTK), required for normal B cell development. BTK, like many other cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases, contains Src homology domains (SH2 and SH3), and catalytic kinase domain. SH3 domains are important for the targeting of signaling molecules to specific subcellular locations. We have identified a family with XLA whose affected members have a point mutation (g-->a) at the 5' splice site of intron 8, resulting in the skipping of coding exon 8 and loss of 21 amino acids forming the COOH-terminal portion of the BTK SH3 domain. The study of three generations within this kinship, using restriction fragment length polymorphism and DNA analysis, allowed identification of the mutant X chromosome responsible for XLA and the carrier status in this family. BTK mRNA was present in normal amounts in Epstein-Barr virus-induced B lymphoblastoid cell lines established from affected family members. Although the SH3 deletion did not alter BTK protein stability and kinase activity of the truncated BTK protein was normal, the affected patients nevertheless have a severe B cell defect characteristic for XLA. The mutant protein was modeled using the normal BTK SH3 domain. The deletion results in loss of two COOH-terminal beta strands containing several residues critical for the formation of the putative SH3 ligand-binding pocket. We predict that, as a result, one or more crucial SH3 binding proteins fail to interact with BTK, interrupting the cytoplasmic signal transduction process required for B cell differentiation.
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269
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Alm H, Nilsson L. Changes in driver behaviour as a function of handsfree mobile phones--a simulator study. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 1994; 26:441-451. [PMID: 7916852 DOI: 10.1016/0001-4575(94)90035-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The effects of a mobile telephone task on drivers' reaction time, lane position, speed level, and workload were studied in two driving conditions (an easy or rather straight versus a hard or very curvy route). It was predicted that the mobile telephone task would have a negative effect on drivers' reaction time, lane position, and workload and lead to a reduction of speed. It was also predicted that the effects would be stronger for the hard driving task. The study was conducted in the VTI driving simulator. A total of 40 subjects, experienced drivers aged 23 to 61, were randomly assigned to four experimental conditions (telephone and easy or hard driving task versus control and easy or hard driving task). Contrary to the predictions, the strongest effects were found when the subjects were exposed to the easy driving task. In the condition where drivers had to perform the easy driving task, findings showed that a mobile telephone task had a negative effect on reaction time and led to a reduction of the speed level. In the condition where drivers had to perform the hard driving task, findings showed that a mobile telephone task had an effect only on the drivers' lateral position. Finally, the mobile telephone task led to an increased workload for both the easy and the hard driving task. The results are discussed in terms of which subtask, car driving or telephone task, the subjects gave the highest priority. Some implications for information systems in future cars are discussed.
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270
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Norberg J, Nilsson L. Stacking-unstacking of the dinucleoside monophosphate guanylyl-3',5'-uridine studied with molecular dynamics. Biophys J 1994; 67:812-24. [PMID: 7948694 PMCID: PMC1225424 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(94)80541-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations were carried out on two conformations of the dinucleoside monophosphate guanylyl-3',5'-uridine (GpU) in aqueous solution with one sodium counterion. One stacked conformation and one with the C3'-O3'-P-O5' backbone torsion angle twisted 180 degrees to create an unstacked conformation. We observed a relatively stable behavior of the stacked conformation, which remained stacked throughout the simulation, whereas the unstacked conformation showed major changes in the backbone torsion and glycosidic angles. During the simulation the unstacked conformation transformed into a more stacked form and then back again to an unstacked one. The calculated correlation times for rotational diffusion from the molecular dynamics simulations are in agreement with fluorescence anisotropy and nuclear magnetic resonance data. As expected, the correlation times for rotational diffusion of the unstacked conformation were observed to be longer than for the stacked conformation. The 2'OH group may contribute in stabilizing the stacked conformation, where the O2'-H...O4' hydrogen bond occurred in 82.7% of the simulation.
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271
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Nilsson L, Kågedal B. Lipoamidase and biotinidase activities in the rat: tissue distribution and intracellular localization. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY : JOURNAL OF THE FORUM OF EUROPEAN CLINICAL CHEMISTRY SOCIETIES 1994; 32:501-9. [PMID: 7981329 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.1994.32.7.501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Lipoamidase (not yet given an EC number) activity was measured in various rat tissues using two different substrates, one natural, lipoyllysine (epsilon-N-(D,L-lipoyl)L-lysine) and one artificial, lipoyl-p-aminobenzoic acid (N-D,L-lipoyl-p-aminobenzoic acid). Biotinidase, EC 3.5.1.12, was measured in the same tissue with the artificial substrate, biotinyl-p-aminobenzoic acid (N-D-biotinyl-p-aminobenzoic acid). Lipoamidase measured as lipoyl-p-aminobenzoic acid hydrolase activity had two pH optima, at pH 6.0 and pH 9.5, in liver homogenate, but only one pH optimum at pH 6.0 in rat plasma. Lipoamidase measured as lipoyllysine hydrolase activity had a pH optimum at pH 5.5 both in liver homogenate and plasma. Similarly, biotinidase shows a single pH optimum at pH 6.0 in liver homogenate and plasma. The properties of lipoyllysine hydrolase and biotinidase were similar with respect to thermostability, pH stability and inhibition pattern, and their properties differed from those of lipoyl-p-aminobenzoic acid hydrolase. Lipoyllysine hydrolase and biotinidase activities were highest in kidney, liver and blood plasma, whereas lipoyl-p-aminobenzoic acid hydrolase activities were highest in liver, brain and kidney. Lipoyllysine hydrolase and biotinidase activities were found mainly in the liver microsomal fraction, and lipoyl-p-aminobenzoic acid hydrolase was recovered from the microsomal fraction and to a small extent from the mitochondrial fraction. These results indicate that liver lipoyl-p-aminobenzoic acid hydrolase is an enzyme protein which differs from lipoyllysine hydrolase, and the data also indicate that liver lipoyllysine hydrolase and biotinidase are the same enzyme protein.
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272
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Bergh C, Hillensjö T, Wikland M, Nilsson L, Borg G, Hamberger L. Adjuvant growth hormone treatment during in vitro fertilization: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Fertil Steril 1994; 62:113-20. [PMID: 7516295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the effect of recombinant, human GH on follicular development and oocyte retrieval after gonadotropin stimulation with the addition of GH or placebo to a standard IVF treatment regimen. Further, to investigate whether GH is a more effective adjuvant if the standard treatment regimen is preceded by GH injections. DESIGN A randomized, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled study. SETTING The IVF unit at university hospital. PATIENTS Forty normally ovulating women, age 25 to 38 years, with infertility because of tubal factors and being classified as "poor responders" with at least two previously performed and failed IVF attempts. INTERVENTIONS Human, recombinant GH (Genotropin, Kabi Pharmacia, Uppsala, Sweden) or placebo (0.1 IU/kg body weight per day) was given SC as pretreatment during down regulation with GnRH and during stimulation with hMG according to the randomized protocol. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Number of oocytes retrieved after stimulation, total amount of gonadotropin used, time required for stimulation, number of follicles developing, rate of fertilization, and cleavage in vitro. Further, the quality of embryos, development of the endometrium, rate of clinical pregnancy, and serum and follicular fluid (FF) concentrations of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1), and IGFBP-3 were estimated. RESULTS The number of oocytes retrieved did not differ significantly between the groups, nor did the amount of hMG required for stimulation. The fertilization rate increased in patients who had received GH. Growth hormone caused a significant increase in serum and FF levels of IGF-I. An increase in serum IGFBP-3 could also be recorded in patients who had received GH. CONCLUSION Although certain beneficial effects were noted in GH-treated patients, the overall results did not support GH as a clinically useful adjuvant treatment.
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273
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Borowiec J, Thelin S, Bagge L, Venge P, Nilsson B, Pekna M, Nilsson L, Hultman J. Advantage with heparin-coated cardiopulmonary devices. A clinical study. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/1053-0770(94)90431-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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274
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Strandell A, Waldenström U, Nilsson L, Hamberger L. Hydrosalpinx reduces in-vitro fertilization/embryo transfer pregnancy rates. Hum Reprod 1994; 9:861-3. [PMID: 7929732 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a138606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A retrospective study was designed to examine whether the presence of a hydrosalpinx influenced pregnancy outcome following in-vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment in stimulated cycles. A total of 254 women with tubal lesions were included. Patients with one or two hydrosalpinges were compared with patients having other tubal lesions and pregnancy outcome was analysed. Both pregnancy and delivery rates were significantly higher in the patient group without a hydrosalpinx. The results after frozen embryo transfer showed the same tendency. These findings strongly indicate that a permanent hydrosalpinx has a negative influence on implantation, as well as on pregnancy, and suggest that a more active approach against large hydrosalpinges should be undertaken before IVF treatment, in order to improve the pregnancy rates.
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275
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Nilsson L, Emilsson V. Factor for inversion stimulation-dependent growth rate regulation of individual tRNA species in Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 1994; 269:9460-5. [PMID: 7511587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We have studied the involvement of the factor for inversion stimulation (FIS) in the growth rate-dependent expression of the arginine, leucine, and methionine acceptor tRNA species. The concentration of individual tRNA species relative to 16 S rRNA was determined by blot hybridization using RNA preparations from bacteria with the fis gene deleted and from isogenic wild type bacteria. The RNA preparations were obtained from bacteria growing under steady state conditions in different media. The levels of tRNA(1Leu), tRNA(2Arg), tRNA(4Arg), and tRNA(5Arg decreased in the fis bacteria, relative to the wild type. The difference in levels increased with increasing growth rate. Surprisingly, tRNA(3Leu), tRNA(rMet), and tRNA(eMet) showed the opposite response, with an increase of the tRNA/16 S ratio in the fis bacteria. The tRNA(2Leu, tRNA(4Leu), tRNA(5Leu), and tRNA(3 Arg) had unaffected tRNA/16 S ratios in fis cells. We conclude that FIS, directly or indirectly, is involved in growth rate regulation of some tRNA species and that it affects the composition of the cellular tRNA pool.
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MESH Headings
- Base Sequence
- Binding Sites
- Blotting, Northern
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Chromosome Inversion
- DNA, Bacterial/metabolism
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Escherichia coli/genetics
- Escherichia coli/growth & development
- Escherichia coli/metabolism
- Escherichia coli Proteins
- Factor For Inversion Stimulation Protein
- Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
- Genes, Bacterial
- Integration Host Factors
- Kinetics
- Molecular Sequence Data
- RNA, Bacterial/biosynthesis
- RNA, Bacterial/isolation & purification
- RNA, Bacterial/metabolism
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/biosynthesis
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/metabolism
- RNA, Transfer, Arg/biosynthesis
- RNA, Transfer, Arg/genetics
- RNA, Transfer, Leu/biosynthesis
- RNA, Transfer, Leu/genetics
- RNA, Transfer, Met/biosynthesis
- RNA, Transfer, Met/genetics
- Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid
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