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Hudson CA, Mondal TK, Cao L, Kasten-Jolly J, Huber VC, Lawrence DA. The dietary supplement ephedrine induces b-adrenergic mediated exacerbation of systemic lupus erythematosus in NZM391 mice. Lupus 2016; 14:293-307. [PMID: 15864916 DOI: 10.1191/0961203305lu2078oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The dietary supplement and adrenergic receptor agonist ephedrine has been a controversial topic as its safety has been questioned. b-adrenergic receptor (b-AR) activation causes immunomodulation, which may contribute to promotion of autoimmune pathology. This report investigated the ability of ephedrine to exacerbate processes associated with autoimmune disease in a lupus-prone mouse model. To mimic human supplementation, ephedrine was administered to NZM391 (lupus-prone) and BALB/c (nonlupus prone) mice orally twice a day for three months at a dose of 50 and 100 mg/day. Some ephedrine-treated NZM391 mice also were preadministered the b-AR antagonist propranolol to investigate b-AR involvement. Mice were bled monthly, and sera were assayed for a variety of lupus manifestations and immunological measurements. In NZM391 males and females, both doses of ephedrine significantly increased lupus manifestations, including IgG production and organ-directed autoantibody titers, and significantly lowered the ratio of IgG2a/IgG1 compared to controls. Ephedrine significantly decreased female lifespan and significantly increased circulating populations of plasma cells (CD38hi CD19lo cytoplasmic IgG+) and CD40+ B1a cells, while preventing an age-related decrease in the B1a cell population expressing a high level of CD5. While ephedrine induced gender-specific immunomodulation in BALB/c mice, increases in the lupus manifestations of anti-dsDNA titers and serum urea nitrogen were not detected. Preadministration of propranolol decreased lupus manifestations and serum levels of IgG and IgE in ephedrine-treated mice, but did not block the shift towards IgG1 production. These findings indicate that ephedrine via b-AR can exacerbate lupus symptoms in NZM391 mice and that blockade of the b-ARs on B cells, and not T cells, apparently was of greater importance as the inhibition of lupus symptoms corresponded to an inhibition of immunoglobulin levels, not a change of Th1/Th2 balance.
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Wu D, Fajer MI, Cao L, Cheng X, Yang W. Generalized Ensemble Sampling of Enzyme Reaction Free Energy Pathways. Methods Enzymol 2016; 577:57-74. [PMID: 27498634 PMCID: PMC4978182 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Free energy path sampling plays an essential role in computational understanding of chemical reactions, particularly those occurring in enzymatic environments. Among a variety of molecular dynamics simulation approaches, the generalized ensemble sampling strategy is uniquely attractive for the fact that it not only can enhance the sampling of rare chemical events but also can naturally ensure consistent exploration of environmental degrees of freedom. In this review, we plan to provide a tutorial-like tour on an emerging topic: generalized ensemble sampling of enzyme reaction free energy path. The discussion is largely focused on our own studies, particularly ones based on the metadynamics free energy sampling method and the on-the-path random walk path sampling method. We hope that this minipresentation will provide interested practitioners some meaningful guidance for future algorithm formulation and application study.
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Xu W, Wang Y, Zhou J, Zhu X, Zhang S, Yuan W, Liu X, Shi Y, Cao L, Zeng Q, Jiang Z, Ye X, Wan Y, Peng X, Deng Y, Chen F, Wang X, Dai G, Luo S, Fan X, Mo X, Wu X, Li Y. Cardiac Specific Overexpression of hHole Attenuates Isoproterenol-Induced Hypertrophic Remodeling through Inhibition of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinases (ERKs) Signalling. Curr Mol Med 2016; 16:515-23. [PMID: 27211802 DOI: 10.2174/1566524016666160523143704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The human Hole gene (hHole) encodes a six-transmembrane protein with 319- amino acids. Our previous study showed that hHole was strongly expressed in adult heart and may act as a suppressor of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), overactivation of which contributed to pathological cardiac hypertrophy. In this study, it was observed that Hole expression was up-regulated in murine hypertrophic hearts. In a cardiac specific transgenic mouse model, it was observed that overexpression of hHole specifically in heart attenuated cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis induced by isoproterenol (ISO), with blunted transcriptions of ERK1/2, total ERK1/2 proteins and phosphorylated ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2) levels. Furthermore, overexpression of hHole in mice by hydrodynamic tail-vein injection with hHole plamids also inhibited cardiac hypertrophy induced by ISO. Our work identified hHole as a novel repressor of cardiac hypertrophy, and provided new insights into the possible target for the prevention or treatment of cardiac diseases.
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Hu Y, Li CS, Li YQ, Liang Y, Cao L, Chen LA. Perfluorocarbon inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophage inflammatory protein-2 expression and activation of ATF-2 and c-Jun in A549 pulmonary epithelial cells. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2016; 62:18-24. [PMID: 27188729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The signaling pathway that mediates the anti-inflammatory effects of perfluorocarbon (PFC) in alveolar epithelial cells treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) remains unclear. To evaluate the role of macrophage-inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), four A549 treatment groups were utilized: (1) untreated control, (2) 10 μg/mL of LPS, (3) 10 μg/mL of LPS+30% PFC and (4) 30% PFC. MIP-2 mRNA expression was determined by qPCR and ELISA. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation was determined by Western blot analysis, and MIP-2 expression was determined by qPCR following treatment with MAPK inhibitors. PFC suppressed LPS-induced MIP-2 mRNA levels (P≤0.035) and MIP-2 secretion (P≤0.046). LPS induced ATF-2 and c-Jun phosphorylation, which was suppressed by PFC. Finally, inhibitors of ERK, JNK, and p38 suppressed LPS-induced MIP-2 mRNA expression. Thus, PFC inhibits LPS-induced MIP-2 expression and ATF-2 and c-Jun phosphorylation. To fully explore the therapeutic potential of PFC for acute lung injury (ALI), in vivo analyses are required to confirm these effects.
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Palmer RE, Cao L, Yin F. Note: Proof of principle of a new type of cluster beam source with potential for scale-up. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2016; 87:046103. [PMID: 27131719 DOI: 10.1063/1.4947229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a new type of cluster beam source based on the assembly of (metal) clusters within a condensed (rare gas) matrix. The "Matrix Assembly Cluster Source" employs an ion beam to enhance collisions between metal atoms in the matrix and to sputter out clusters to form a beam. We demonstrate the formation and deposition of gold and silver nanoclusters with mean size tunable from a few atoms to a few thousand atoms. The cluster flux is equivalent to a current nanoAmp regime but potentially scalable to milliAmps, which would open up a number of interesting experiments and applications.
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Hu S, Ke S, Wang W, Ran H, Chen M, Zhang F, Qiu X, Jiang M, Zou C, Zhang R, Cao L, Wen Y, Fu R, Chen C. A single fas gene mutation changes lupus onset, severity, location, and molecular abnormalities in mice. Curr Mol Med 2016; 15:380-5. [PMID: 25941813 DOI: 10.2174/1566524015666150505162638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although genetic predisposition plays a major role in the progression of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and its variation in symptoms, the precise relationships between genetic changes and disease status are not well understood. Here, to demonstrate the effect of a single gene mutation on disease etiology, we examined two mouse models of SLE with the same genetic background but different Fas genes. Mice with the Fas(lpr) gene developed severe SLE with renal dysfunction and inflammatory responses in the lung and kidney. By contrast, mice with the Fas(+) gene showed disease-related abnormalities in the liver and joints. Patterns of inflammatory disease markers differed across organs between the two lines of mice. Fas(lpr) mice showed greater MMP signals in the kidney and IL-11 signals in the lung than Fas(+) mice. Fas(+) mice had higher IL-11 signal intensity in the knee region and higher CXCR4 signal intensity in the liver than Fas(lpr) mice. Our results exemplify the complexity of disease and suggest the need for individualized target-specific treatment regimens. Strengths and Limitations of this Study: Fas gene is a well characterized gene in this disease. The molecular components in human disease need more clinical data.
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Yang C, Zhou F, Bai X, Cao L, Xiong X, Yu X. Three dimension reconstruction through measure-based image selection. THE IMAGING SCIENCE JOURNAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/13682199.2015.1104069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Tao SQ, Xia RS, Li F, Cao L, Fan H, Fan Y, Yang LJ. Efficacy of 3.6% topical ALA-PDT for the treatment of severe acne vulgaris. EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2016; 20:225-231. [PMID: 26875889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of topical 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the treatment of severe acne vulgaris. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 125 patients with Pillsbury III-IV severe facial acne were treated with 3 courses of ALA-PDT with an interval of 2 weeks. ALA gel (3.6%) was applied topically to acne lesions for 1.5 h. The lesions were irradiated by a LED light of 633 nm with a light intensity of 66 mW/cm² and a light dose of 126 J/cm². Patients were evaluated for efficacy and safety at weeks 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 after the initial treatment. RESULTS The total effective rates were 1.6%, 24.8%, 68.8%, 89.6% and 88.8% at the 2- 4- 6- 8- and 12-week after the initial treatment respectively. The clinical outcomes were the best at 4 weeks after the final treatment. The best effective rate and cure rate were 89.6% and 44% respectively. 26 patients and 16 patients showed apparent exacerbation of acne lesions before the 2nd and 3rd treatment respectively, but all of them showed good or excellent improvement after 3-course treatment. Adverse reactions were mild and transient. CONCLUSIONS 3.6% ALA-PDT is a simple, safe and effective therapeutic option for the treatment of severe acne vulgaris.
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Huang ZL, Li H, Yuan XZ, Lin L, Cao L, Xiao ZH, Jiang LB, Li CZ. The energy consumption and pellets’ characteristics in the co-pelletization of oil cake and sawdust. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra23346a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Improvement of the co-pelletization of biomass (cedarwood and camphorwood) and oil cake was carried out in the present work.
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Chen JT, Younusi A, Cao L, Tian Z, Zhou YJ, Song XH. Potential role of heat-shock proteins in giant cell tumors. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2015; 14:19144-54. [PMID: 26782567 DOI: 10.4238/2015.december.29.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the differential expression protein profile of giant cell tumors (GCTs), which can be used to monitor the tumor's recurrence and metastasis, to provide preliminary results for further study. We also explored heat-shock protein (HSP) inhibitor that prevents tumors from recurring and migrating. A stable isotope-labeling strategy using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation coupled with two-dimensional liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was used to separate and identify differentially expressed proteins. A total of 467 differentially expressed proteins were identified in GCT tissues. Up to 311 proteins were upregulated, whereas 156 proteins were downregulated in GCT tissues. Three of the differentially expressed HSPs, namely HP90A, HSPB1, and HSPB2, were upregulated. The differentially expressed proteins of GCT tissues will provide a scientific foundation for tumor prognosis, and for further studies exploring HSP inhibitor to prevent tumor recurrence and migration.
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Ammar M, Jordan CT, Cao L, Lim E, Bouchlaka Souissi C, Jrad A, Omrane I, Kouidhi S, Zaraa I, Anbunathan H, Mokni M, Doss N, Guttman-Yassky E, El Gaaied AB, Menter A, Bowcock AM. CARD14 alterations in Tunisian patients with psoriasis and further characterization in European cohorts. Br J Dermatol 2015; 174:330-7. [PMID: 26358359 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rare highly penetrant gain-of-function mutations in caspase recruitment domain family, member 14 (CARD14) can lead to psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the skin and other organs. OBJECTIVES To investigate the contribution of rare CARD14 variants to psoriasis in the Tunisian population and to expand knowledge of CARD14 variants in the European population. METHODS CARD14 coding exons were resequenced in patients with psoriasis and controls from Tunisia and Europe, including 16 European cases with generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP). Novel variants were evaluated for their effect on nuclear factor (NF)-κB signalling. RESULTS Rare variants in CARD14 were significantly enriched in Tunisian cases compared with controls. Three were collectively found in 5% of Tunisian cases, and all affected the N-terminal region of the protein harbouring its caspase recruitment domain or coiled-coil domain. These variants were c.349G>A (p.Gly117Ser), c.205C>T (p.Arg69Trp) and c.589G>A (p.Glu197Lys). c.589G>A (p.Glu197Lys) led to upregulation of NF-κB activity in a similar manner to that of previously described psoriasis-associated mutations. p.Arg69Trp led to sevenfold downregulation of NF-κB activity. One Tunisian case harboured a c.1356+5G>A splice alteration that is predicted to lead to loss of exon 9, which encodes part of the coiled-coil domain. No cases of GPP harboured an interleukin-36RN mutation, but one of 16 cases of GPP with a family history of psoriasis vulgaris harboured a c.1805C>T (p.Ser602Leu) mutation in CARD14. CONCLUSIONS These observations provide further insights into the genetic basis of psoriasis in the Tunisian population and provide functional information on novel CARD14 variants seen in cases from Tunisia and other populations.
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Duffy AG, Ulahannan SV, Cao L, Rahma OE, Makarova-Rusher OV, Kleiner DE, Fioravanti S, Walker M, Carey S, Yu Y, Venkatesan AM, Turkbey B, Choyke P, Trepel J, Bollen KC, Steinberg SM, Figg WD, Greten TF. A phase II study of TRC105 in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who have progressed on sorafenib. United European Gastroenterol J 2015; 3:453-61. [PMID: 26535124 DOI: 10.1177/2050640615583587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoglin is an endothelial cell membrane receptor essential for angiogenesis and highly expressed on the vasculature of many tumor types, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). TRC105 is a chimeric IgG1 anti-CD105 monoclonal antibody that inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth by endothelial cell growth inhibition, ADCC and apoptosis, and complements VEGF inhibitors. OBJECTIVE The aim of this phase II study was to evaluate the efficacy of anti-endoglin therapy with TRC105 in patients with advanced HCC, post-sorafenib. METHODS Patients with HCC and compensated liver function (Childs-Pugh A/B7), ECOG 0/1, were enrolled to a single-arm, phase II study of TRC105 15 mg/kg IV every two weeks. Patients must have progressed on or been intolerant of prior sorafenib. A Simon optimal two-stage design was employed with a 50% four-month PFS target for progression to the second stage. Correlative biomarkers evaluated included DCE-MRI as well as plasma levels of angiogenic biomarkers and soluble CD105. RESULTS A total accrual of 27 patients was planned. However, because of lack of efficacy and in accordance with the Simon two-stage design, 11 patients were enrolled. There were no grade 3/4 treatment-related toxicities. Most frequent toxicities were headache (G2; N = 3) and epistaxis (G1; N = 4). One patient had a confirmed partial response by standard RECIST criteria and biologic response on DCE-MRI but the four-month PFS was insufficient to proceed to the second stage of the study. CONCLUSIONS TRC105 was well tolerated in this HCC population following sorafenib. Although there was evidence of clinical activity, this did not meet prespecified criteria to proceed to the second stage. TRC105 development in HCC continues as combination therapy with sorafenib.
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Wang Y, Deng L, Cao L, Xu H, Liang Z. The Outcome of Laparoscopy Versus Laparotomy for the Management of Early Stage Cervical Cancer-Meta Analysis. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2015; 22:S4-S5. [PMID: 27679229 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2015.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Liu JY, Li F, Wang LP, Chen XF, Wang D, Cao L, Ping Y, Zhao S, Li B, Thorne SH, Zhang B, Kalinski P, Zhang Y. CTL- vs Treg lymphocyte-attracting chemokines, CCL4 and CCL20, are strong reciprocal predictive markers for survival of patients with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2015; 113:747-55. [PMID: 26284335 PMCID: PMC4559838 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumoural infiltration of T lymphocytes is determined by local patterns of specific chemokine expression. In this report, we examined the roles of CCL4 and CCL20 in the accumulation of CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and regulatory T (Treg) lymphocytes in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and determined the correlations between chemokine expressions and ESCC patients' survival. METHODS Reverse transcriptase-PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining were performed to examine the expressions of interested genes. Flow cytometry was adopted to check the expressions of CCL4- and CCL6-specific receptors, CCR5 and CCR6, on CTLs and Treg cells. In addition, transwell assay was carried on. RESULTS The CCL4 expression was significantly correlated with the expression of CTL markers (CD8 and Granzyme B), whereas CCL20 was positively correlated with Treg markers (FoxP3 and IL-10). Consistently, CCR5 was found to be mainly expressed on CD8(+) T lymphocytes, while CCR6 showed prevalence on Treg lymphocytes and the frequencies of CCR5(+)CD8(+) CTLs and CCR6(+) Treg cells were higher in TIL compared with PBMC. Respectively, CCL4 and CCL20 recruited CD8(+) and regulatory T cells in vitro. Importantly, high levels of CCL4 in the lesions of ESCC patients predicted prolonged survival. Furthermore, CCL4(high)/CCL20(low) group demonstrated better overall survival, whereas CCL4(low)/CCL20(low) and CCL4(low)/CCL20(high) groups showed the worst overall survival. CONCLUSIONS Our data showed that CCL4 and CCL20 recruit functionally different T lymphocyte subsets into oesophageal carcinoma, indicating CCL4 and CCL20 are potential predictors of ESCC patients' survival.
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Yin Z, Zhai B, Zhang X, Sun B, Cao L, Zhao L, Li J, Ge N, Chen L, Qian H. 279 Human liver cancer stem cell resistance to sorafenib and enhanced sensitivity by MK2206 in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)30164-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wang W, Cao L, Wang C, Gigant B, Knossow M. Kinesin, 30 years later: Recent insights from structural studies. Protein Sci 2015; 24:1047-56. [PMID: 25975756 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Motile kinesins are motor proteins that move unidirectionally along microtubules as they hydrolyze ATP. They share a conserved motor domain (head) which harbors both the ATP- and microtubule-binding activities. The kinesin that has been studied most moves toward the microtubule (+)-end by alternately advancing its two heads along a single protofilament. This kinesin is the subject of this review. Its movement is associated to alternate conformations of a peptide, the neck linker, at the C-terminal end of the motor domain. Recent progress in the understanding of its structural mechanism has been made possible by high-resolution studies, by cryo electron microscopy and X-ray crystallography, of complexes of the motor domain with its track protein, tubulin. These studies clarified the structural changes that occur as ATP binds to a nucleotide-free microtubule-bound kinesin, initiating each mechanical step. As ATP binds to a head, it triggers orientation changes in three rigid motor subdomains, leading the neck linker to dock onto the motor core, which directs the other head toward the microtubule (+)-end. The relationship between neck linker docking and the orientations of the motor subdomains also accounts for kinesin's processivity, which is remarkable as this motor protein only falls off from a microtubule after taking about a hundred steps. As tools are now available to determine high-resolution structures of motor domains complexed to their track protein, it should become possible to extend these studies to other kinesins and relate their sequence variations to their diverse properties.
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Cao L, Peng MM, Sun JJ, Yu XC, Shi B. Application of vacuum-assisted closure in seawater-immersed wound treatment under different negative pressures. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2015; 14:6146-55. [PMID: 26125815 DOI: 10.4238/2015.june.8.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic effect of vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) has been confirmed in many types of complex wounds, but there are few relevant reports regarding seawater-immersed wounds. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of VAC on seawater-immersed wound healing under different negative pressures and explore the optimal negative pressure value. Four purebred miniature pigs were used as the experimental animal models. Four acute, symmetrical wounds were made on each side of the spine and designated as the experimental group (wounds with 2 h of seawater immersion) and the control group (wounds without seawater immersion). Wounds were divided into a conventional dressing group and 3 further groups with different VAC therapies (negative pressure at either 120, 180, or 240 mmHg). The extent of wound healing, and speed of granulation growth and re-epithelialization were measured. Bacterial flora distribution in the wounds was observed, and fibronectin levels in the exudate of the wounds were tested. Results showed that seawater immersion aggravated wound injury and that VAC therapy with 180 mmHg negative pressure induced the fastest epidermis migration, obvious edema elimination, significant capillary proliferation, and the highest level of fibronectin, and that in wounds, the proportion of Gram-negative bacteria tended to decrease and that of Gram-positive bacteria tended to increase. Our results show that VAC promotes seawater-immersed wound healing and that 180 mmHg negative pressure may be optimal for wound healing.
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Huang X, Zhao Z, Cao L, Chen Y, Zhu E, Lin Z, Li M, Yan A, Zettl A, Wang YM, Duan X, Mueller T, Huang Y. High-performance transition metal-doped Pt3Ni octahedra for oxygen reduction reaction. Science 2015; 348:1230-4. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa8765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1345] [Impact Index Per Article: 149.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Zhai XJ, Cheng HR, Long HL, Mao WK, Cao L, Xiao BR, Li RQ. Effects of docetaxel plus three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy on microvessel density and apoptosis expression in local advanced squamous non-small-cell lung cancer. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2015; 14:5399-406. [PMID: 26125735 DOI: 10.4238/2015.may.22.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We examined the effects of weekly single-agent docetaxel plus three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) on apoptotic index (AI) and microvessel density (MVD) in local advanced non-small-cell lung squamous cancer patients and analyzed the correlation of MVD, AI, and 50% tumor shrinkage time (T0.5) The molecular mechanism of docetaxel radiosensitization was investigated. Sixty untreated patients with stage IIIA or IIIB lung squamous cancer were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups: observation (N = 30; 3D-CRT + docetaxel + adjuvant chemotherapy) and control (N = 30; 3D-CRT + adjuvant chemotherapy). From day 1 radiotherapy, the observation group received intravenous docetaxel (36 mg/m(2)) once weekly for 6 weeks. Post-radiotherapy, chemotherapy of docetaxel combined with cisplatin lasted 4-6 cycles in both groups. Before radiotherapy and within 24 h after radiotherapy (20 Gy), bronchoscopic biopsy was performed twice at the same site. To analyze the MVD of tumor specimens with immunohistochemical staining . The AI of lung cancer cells was assessed with TUNEL assay, T0.5 values were calculated. The observation group had significantly lower MVD than the control group (P < 0.05). AI significantly increased before and after treatment in the observation group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The decreased MVD values negatively correlated with T0.5 values (r = -0.624, P < 0.05), whereas the increased AI values did not correlate with the T0.5 values. Docetaxel radiosensitization may occur by decrease in MVD and increase in AI values. Weekly single-agent docetaxel plus 3D-CRT can improve prognosis and quality of life in local advanced non-small-cell lung squamous cancer patients.
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Ping NN, Li S, Mi YN, Cao L, Cao YX. Hydrogen sulphide induces vasoconstriction of rat coronary artery via activation of Ca(2+) influx. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2015; 214:88-96. [PMID: 25711469 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) exhibits a dual modulation of isolated artery tension. This study investigated the vasoconstrictive effect of sulphur sodium hydride (NaHS), a donor of gaseous H2S, on rat coronary artery. METHODS The contractile response of isolated arteries was recorded using a wire myograph. Fluo-3/AM was used to load vascular smooth muscle, and intracellular calcium was determined using confocal laser microscopy. The protein expression of Rho kinase was examined using Western blot. RESULTS NaHS induced concentration-dependent contractions of rat coronary artery, and the contraction reached approx. 65% of 60 mm KCl-induced contraction. The NaHS-induced contraction was elevated following the removal of endothelium or the use of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NAME. The cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin reduced NaHS-induced contraction. The Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632 significantly attenuated NaHS-induced vasoconstriction. Furthermore, NaHS elevated the protein expression of Rho kinase. NaHS-induced contraction was completely abolished in a Ca(2+)-free solution and suppressed by the Ca(2+) influx blocker nifedipine (100 nm). NaHS also significantly increased the change rate of Ca(2+) fluorescence intensity. However, treatment with a Cl(-)/HCO(3-) exchanger blocker, K(+) channel blockers, the mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor U-0126 or cyclic adenosine monophosphate did not affect contraction. Species-dependent differences in NaHS-induced vasoconstriction were observed because these effects were only modest in dog coronary artery and absent in rabbit coronary artery. CONCLUSIONS NaHS induces the contraction of rat coronary artery, which is dependent on the activation of Ca(2+) influx. Rho kinase likely participates in the vasoconstriction.
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Kong Q, Wu G, Han L, Zhang Z, Du J, Sun W, Cao L. A transfection method of PS-asODNs targeting ANGPTL4 in multicellular structures of hepatocarcinoma cell line. Cancer Gene Ther 2015; 22:285-90. [PMID: 25908453 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2015.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
To find an efficient transfection method for metastatic cancer cells, we established a three-dimensional (3D) growth model for solid tumor cells to mimic the metastatic cancer cells in the vascular system and compared the efficiency of several transfection methods in vitro. We found that it was optimal to transfect two-dimensional cells in vitro and detach them for 3D growth 6 h later. The transfection efficiency of this method was high, and the results were reliable. This method can be used to deliver several types of small molecules into the 3D metastatic cell model. Using this method, we increased our understanding of why drugs that are effective in vitro cannot treat the disease in vivo. If this phenomenon occurs due to the resistance of the cells to the drug, other treatment agents for the disease must be identified. However, if this occurs because the agent cannot reach the cells inside the 3D aggregate, we can improve the delivery efficiency by using methods that target the agent to all cells. Briefly, the method introduced in this study will contribute to future research focusing on the 3D metastatic cell model as well as on drug development for various solid tumors.
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272
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Kong MX, Zhang Q, Cao L, Zhao C, Ru GQ, Bi Q. Familial hypercholesterolaemia with tuberous and tendinous xanthomas: case report and mutation analysis. Clin Exp Dermatol 2015; 40:765-9. [PMID: 25807990 DOI: 10.1111/ced.12644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Xanthomas are important clinical manifestations of disordered lipid metabolism, which are mostly found in patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH), an inherited disorder that is predominantly caused by mutations in the low-density lipoprotein receptor gene (LDLR). Tuberous and tendinous xanthomas with wide distribution and large size are rare; however, they may indicate the severity of FH, and tend to be found in homozygous FH. In this study, we investigated the clinical and genetic aspects of a young patient with FH presenting with multiple large masses in various locations. The lesions on the elbows and buttocks were locally excised and subsequently confirmed by biopsy to be xanthomas. Genetic analysis further confirmed that the patient was compound heterozygous for two mutations in both alleles of the LDLR gene. This rare case of compound heterozygous FH presenting with multiple large and widely distributed xanthomas provides a better understanding of FH and xanthomas.
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273
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Sun X, Ou Z, Xie M, Kang R, Fan Y, Niu X, Wang H, Cao L, Tang D. HSPB1 as a novel regulator of ferroptotic cancer cell death. Oncogene 2015; 34:5617-25. [PMID: 25728673 PMCID: PMC4640181 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 432] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of non-apoptotic cell death, but its molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that heat shock protein beta-1 (HSPB1) is a negative regulator of ferroptotic cancer cell death. Erastin, a specific ferroptosis-inducing compound, stimulates heat shock factor 1 (HSF1)-dependent HSPB1 expression in cancer cells. Knockdown of HSF1 and HSPB1 enhances erastin-induced ferroptosis, whereas heat shock pretreatment and overexpression of HSPB1 inhibits erastin-induced ferroptosis. Protein kinase C-mediated HSPB1 phosphorylation confers protection against ferroptosis by reducing iron-mediated production of lipid reactive oxygen species. Moreover, inhibition of the HSF1-HSPB1 pathway and HSPB1 phosphorylation increases the anticancer activity of erastin in human xenograft mouse tumor models. Our findings reveal an essential role for HSPB1 in iron metabolism with important effects on ferroptosis-mediated cancer therapy.
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274
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Li Y, Zhu W, Gong J, Zhang W, Gu L, Guo Z, Cao L, Shen B, Li N, Li J. Visceral fat area is associated with a high risk for early postoperative recurrence in Crohn's disease. Colorectal Dis 2015; 17:225-34. [PMID: 25307174 DOI: 10.1111/codi.12798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM Mesenteric hypertrophy has been recognized as an indicator of the complicated course of Crohn's disease. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the visceral fat area (VFA) is associated with postoperative clinical and endoscopic recurrence. METHOD Computed tomography was used to measure the subcutaneous fat area and VFA, and the mesenteric fat index (MFI) was defined as the ratio of the VFA to the subcutaneous fat area. Associations between body mass index, subcutaneous fat area, VFA and MFI and postoperative clinical and endoscopic recurrence were investigated. RESULTS The factors associated with postoperative endoscopic recurrence at 6 months after surgery were a high VFA value (P = 0.019) and MFI values above the median (P = 0.008). VFA values were significantly correlated with endoscopic recurrence (r = 0.895, P = 0.040) and endoscopic lesions (r = 0.617, P < 0.0001). Additionally, MFI values correlated well with endoscopic recurrence (r = 0.918, P = 0.02) and endoscopic scores (r = 0.584, P < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis indicated that VFA values above the median (hazard ratio 2.63, 95% CI 1.03-6.74) were predictive of postoperative clinical recurrence in Crohn's disease. CONCLUSION A high VFA value is associated with postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease and has clinical implications with respect to optimizing prophylaxis for each individual. However, further studies are needed to confirm the predictive role of this biomarker in a different data set.
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275
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Cao L, Naylor R, Henriksson P, Leadbitter D, Metian M, Troell M, Zhang W. China's aquaculture and the world's wild fisheries. Science 2015; 347:133-5. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1260149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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