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Dröge MJ, Rüggeberg CJ, van der Sloot AM, Schimmel J, Dijkstra DS, Verhaert RMD, Reetz MT, Quax WJ. Binding of phage displayed Bacillus subtilis lipase A to a phosphonate suicide inhibitor. J Biotechnol 2003; 101:19-28. [PMID: 12523966 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1656(02)00289-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Phage display can be used as a protein engineering tool to select proteins with desirable binding properties from a library of randomly constructed mutants. Here, we describe the development of this method for the directed evolution of Bacillus subtilis lipase A, an enzyme that has marked properties for the preparation of pharmaceutically relevant chiral compounds. The lipase gene was cloned upstream of the phage g3p encoding sequence and downstream of a modified g3p signal sequence. Consequently, the enzyme was displayed at the surface of bacteriophage fd as a fusion to its minor coat protein g3p. The phage-bound lipase was correctly folded and fully enzymatically active as determined from the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenylcaprylate with K(m)-values of 0.38 and 0.33 mM for the phage displayed and soluble lipase, respectively. Both soluble lipase and lipase expressed on bacteriophages reacted covalently with a phosphonate suicide inhibitor. The phage does not hamper lipase binding, since both soluble and phage-bound lipase have a similar half-life of inactivation of approximately 5 min. Therefore, we conclude that the Bacillus lipase can be functionally expressed on bacteriophages as a fusion to the phage coat protein g3p. The specific interaction with the suicide inhibitor offers a fast and reproducible method for the future selection of mutant enzymes with an enantioselectivity towards new substrates.
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Reetz MT, Sell T, Meiswinkel A, Mehler G. A new principle in combinatorial asymmetric transition-metal catalysis: mixtures of chiral monodentate P ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2003; 42:790-3. [PMID: 12596201 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200390209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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253
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Reetz MT, Sell T, Meiswinkel A, Mehler G. Ein neuartiges Prinzip in der kombinatorischen asymmetrischen Übergangsmetall-Katalyse: Mischungen von chiralen einzähnigen P-Liganden. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200390178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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254
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Zha D, Eipper A, Reetz MT. Assembly of designed oligonucleotides as an efficient method for gene recombination: a new tool in directed evolution. Chembiochem 2003; 4:34-9. [PMID: 12512074 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200390011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A new and practical method for gene recombination with formation of libraries of mutant genes is presented. The method is based on the assembly of appropriately prepared oligonucleotides whose design is guided by sequence information. High recombination frequency with formation of full-length products is achieved by controlled overlapping of the designed oligomers. This process (ADO) minimizes self-hybridization of parental genes, which constitutes a significant advantage over conventional family shuffling as used in the directed evolution of functional enzymes. ADO was applied to the recombination of two lipase family genes from Bacillus subtilis (LipA and LipB). In a library of 3000 lipase variants created by this method, several were found that display increased enantioselectivity in a model reaction involving the hydrolysis of a meso-diacetate.
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Reetz MT, Oka H, Goddard R. Binaphthyldiamine-Based Diazaphospholidinesas a New Class of Chiral Monodentate P-Ligands. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2003. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-41036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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256
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Reetz MT, Rentzsch M, Pletsch A, Maywald M. Towards the Directed Evolution of Hybrid Catalysts. Chimia (Aarau) 2002. [DOI: 10.2533/000942902777679920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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257
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Reetz MT, Mehler G, Meiswinkel A, Sell T. Enantioselective hydrogenation of enamides catalyzed by chiral rhodium–monodentate phosphite complexes. Tetrahedron Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(02)01838-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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258
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Reetz MT, Rüggeberg CJ, Dröge MJ, Quax WJ. Immobilization of chiral enzyme inhibitors on solid supports by amide-forming coupling and olefin metathesis. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(02)01052-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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259
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Goddard R, Herzog H, Reetz MT. Cation–anion CH⋯O− interactions in the metal-free phenolate, tetra-n-butylammonium phenol-phenolate. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(02)00900-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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260
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261
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Reetz MT, Rüggeberg CJ. A screening system for enantioselective enzymes based on differential cell growth. Chem Commun (Camb) 2002:1428-9. [PMID: 12125587 DOI: 10.1039/b203916h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The esterase-catalyzed enantioselective hydrolysis of the fluoroacetate of pantolactone leads to fluoroacetic acid, a toxic compound which inhibits the growth of esterase-producing yeast; this forms the basis of an ee-assay.
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262
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Schrader W, Eipper A, Pugh DJ, Reetz MT. Second-generation MS-based high-throughput screening system for enantioselective catalysts and biocatalysts. CAN J CHEM 2002. [DOI: 10.1139/v02-069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A high-throughput method is described, where the enantioselectivity of approximately 10 000 catalysts or biocatalysts can be determined per day. The method is based on electrospray mass spectrometric techniques using an eight-channel multiplexed (MUX) sprayer system connected to a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The inlet of the ion source is controlled by a stepping rotor that is continuously moving from one sprayer to the next with a recording time of 100 ms for each channel and a delay time of 50 ms, thus allowing a spectrum to be obtained from each channel every 1.2 s. One cycle, where eight samples are being sprayed in parallel, requires around 70 s, which allows a 96-well microtiter plate to be screened in 14 min. Integration of two pseudo-enantiomers (S)-glycidyl phenyl ether and (R)-D5-glycidyl phenyl ether is necessary to quantify the enantiomeric excess (ee-value), where one enantiomer is isotopically labeled to allow easy identification of the mass spectrometric signals. Errors of ~2% for the ee-values indicate that in addition to the significant improvement in sample throughput this is also a precise method for high-throughput screening. This second-generation assay is useful for combinatorial enantioselective transition-metal catalysis and in the directed evolution of enantioselective enzymes.
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Reetz MT, Wiesenhöfer W, Franciò G, Leitner W. Biocatalysis in ionic liquids: batchwise and continuous flow processes using supercritical carbon dioxide as the mobile phase. Chem Commun (Camb) 2002:992-3. [PMID: 12123084 DOI: 10.1039/b202322a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new and environmentally benign protocol for enzymatic reactions in ionic liquids is described using supercritical CO2 as the mobile phase; the products are obtained in solvent-free form and the enzyme/ionic liquid mixture can be recycled in batchwise or continuous flow operations.
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Jonas V, Frenking G, Reetz MT. Theoretical Studies of Organometallic Compounds. XVII. Mechanism of the Chelation Controlled Addition of CH3TiCl3 to .alpha.-Alkoxy Carbonyl Compounds. A Theoretical Study. Organometallics 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/om00011a057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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266
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Reetz MT, Huette S, Goddard R. Tetrabutylammonium salts of CH-acidic carbonyl compounds: real carbanions or supramolecules? J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00073a080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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267
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Jonas V, Frenking G, Reetz MT. Comparative Theoretical Study of Lewis Acid-Base Complexes of BH3, BF3, BCl3, AlCl3, and SO2. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00098a037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 399] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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268
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Reetz MT, Kyung SH, Westermann J. Enantioselective Grignard-type addition of allyltitanium reagents having the center of chirality at titanium. Organometallics 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/om00089a020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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269
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Reetz MT, Kesseler K. Chelation- and non-chelation-controlled additions to 2-O-benzyl-3-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)glyceraldehyde. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00225a103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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270
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Reetz MT, Helbig W. Size-Selective Synthesis of Nanostructured Transition Metal Clusters. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00095a051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 667] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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271
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Jonas V, Frenking G, Reetz MT. Theoretical studies of organometallic compounds. 4. Chelate complexes of titanium tetrachloride and methyltitanium trichloride. Organometallics 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/om00030a022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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272
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Reetz MT. Structural, mechanistic, and theoretical aspects of chelation-controlled carbonyl addition reactions. Acc Chem Res 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ar00033a002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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273
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Reetz MT, Huff J, Rudolph J, Toellner K, Deege A, Goddard R. Highly Efficient Transport of Amino Acids through Liquid Membranes via Three-Component Supramolecules. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00104a057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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274
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Boehme M, Frenking G, Reetz MT. Theoretical Studies of Organometallic Compounds. 9. Structures and Bond Energies of the Methylcuprates CH3Cu, (CH3)2Cu-, (CH3)2CuLi, (CH3)2CuLi.cntdot.H2O, [(CH3)2CuLi]2, and [(CH3)2CuLi]2.cntdot.2H2O. Organometallics 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/om00023a029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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275
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