501
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Furukawa T, Fu X, Kubota T, Watanabe M, Kitajima M, Hoffman RM. Nude mouse metastatic models of human stomach cancer constructed using orthotopic implantation of histologically intact tissue. Cancer Res 1993; 53:1204-8. [PMID: 8439965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Nude mice have been used to develop s.c. growing human stomach tumors, but these rarely metastasize. Recently, I. J. Fidler and others have developed orthotopic implantation metastatic models using cell suspensions which are inoculated into the corresponding organ of nude mice from which the tumor cells were originally derived in the human. However, recent work has indicated that disaggregated cell suspensions may not always express their full metastatic potential. In this light, we have recently developed an orthotopic implant model utilizing intact tissue such as that obtained directly from surgery. This approach has yielded high take rates and frequent metastases in colon cancer, bladder cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, and prostate cancer. We report here the application of this intact tissue orthotopic implant technique to stomach cancer resulting in the formation of metastases in 100% of the mice with extensive primary growth to the regional lymph nodes, liver, and lung. In contrast, when cell suspensions were used to inject stomach cancer cells at the same site, metastases occurred in only 6.7% of the mice with local tumor formation, emphasizing the importance of using intact tissue to allow full expression of metastatic potential. Injuring the serosa similar to that occurring in intact tissue transplantation did not increase the metastatic rate after orthotopic injection of cell suspensions of stomach tumor cells. This intact tissue orthotopic implantation model should allow development of new treatment modalities and further study of the biology of human stomach cancer.
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502
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Fu X, Hoffman RM. Human ovarian carcinoma metastatic models constructed in nude mice by orthotopic transplantation of histologically-intact patient specimens. Anticancer Res 1993; 13:283-6. [PMID: 8517640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We report here the first orthotopic transplant model for human ovarian cancer. Histologically-intact patient specimens of ovarian cancer were transplanted by microsurgical techniques under the capsule of the nude mouse ovary. The human tumors grew locally and gave rise to a patient-like metastatic pattern including the parietal peritoneum, colon, omentum, and ascites. The orthotopic model described here should be useful for evaluating new therapeutics and diagnostics for ovarian cancer.
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503
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Fu X, Liu Y. Renormalization-group approach for the local density of states of two-dimensional Fibonacci quasilattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 47:3026-3030. [PMID: 10006380 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.47.3026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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504
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Fu X, Herrera H, Hoffman RM. Orthotopic growth and metastasis of human prostate carcinoma in nude mice after transplantation of histologically intact tissue. Int J Cancer 1992; 52:987-90. [PMID: 1459741 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910520626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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505
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Alam MS, Kim IJ, Nemati B, O'Neill JJ, Romero V, Severini H, Sun CR, Wang P, Zoeller MM, Crawford G, Fulton R, Gan KK, Kagan H, Kass R, Lee J, Malchow R, Morrow F, Sung M, White C, Whitmore J, Wilson P, Butler F, Fu X, Kalbfleisch G, Lambrecht M, Skubic P, Snow J, Bortoletto D, Brown DN, Dominick J, McIlwain RL, Miao T, Miller DH, Modesitt M, Schaffner SF, Shibata EI, Shipsey IP, Battle M, Ernst J, Kroha H, Roberts S, Sparks K, Thorndike EH, Wang C, Artuso M, Goldberg M, Haupt T, Horwitz N, Kennett R, Moneti GC, Playfer S, Rozen Y, Rubin P, Skwarnicki T, Stone S, Thulasidas M, Yao W, Zhu G, Stroynowski R, Barnes AV, Bartelt J, Csorna SE, Egyed Z. Shape studies of quark jets versus gluon jets at s=10 GeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1992; 46:4822-4827. [PMID: 10014860 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.46.4822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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506
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Butler F, Fu X, Kalbfleisch G, Lambrecht M, Ross WR, Skubic P, Snow J, Wang P, Bortoletto D, Brown DN, Dominick J, McIlwain RL, Miao T, Miller DH, Modesitt M, Schaffner SF, Shibata EI, Shipsey IP, Battle M, Ernst J, Kroha H, Roberts S, Sparks K, Thorndike EH, Wang C, Sanghera S, Skwarnicki T, Stroynowski R, Artuso M, Goldberg M, Horwitz N, Kennett R, Moneti GC, Muheim F, Playfer S, Rozen Y, Rubin P, Stone S, Thulasidas M, Yao W, Zhu G, Barnes AV, Bartelt J, Csorna SE, Egyed Z, Jain V, Sheldon P, Akerib DS, Barish B, Chadha M, Cowen DF, Eigen G, Miller JS, Urheim J, Weinstein AJ, Bean A, Gronberg J, Kutschke R, Menary S, Morrison RJ, Nelson HN, Richman JD, Tajima H. Measurement of the D*(2010) branching fractions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1992; 69:2041-2045. [PMID: 10046384 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.69.2041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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507
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Liu Y, Fu X, Deng W, Wang S. Gap-labeling properties of the energy spectrum for one-dimensional Fibonacci quasilattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1992; 46:9216-9219. [PMID: 10002714 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.46.9216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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508
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Wang X, Fu X, Kubota T, Hoffman RM. A new patient-like metastatic model of human small-cell lung cancer constructed orthotopically with intact tissue via thoracotomy in nude mice. Anticancer Res 1992; 12:1403-6. [PMID: 1332576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A new nude-mouse metastasizing orthotopic transplant model of human small-cell carcinoma of the lung is described. Histologically-intact human small-cell lung tumors were transplanted to the left lung of nude mice via a thoracotomy procedure we have developed. The transplanted tumors grew extensively locally and metastasized to the opposite lung, lymph nodes and other clinically-relevant sites. The results described indicate the model developed could have clinical relevance and contrasts with models of small-cell carcinoma constructed with injections of cell suspensions which result in few or no metastases.
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509
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Fu X, Herrera H, Kubota T, Hoffman RM. Extensive liver metastasis from human colon cancer in nude and scid mice after orthotopic onplantation of histologically-intact human colon carcinoma tissue. Anticancer Res 1992; 12:1395-7. [PMID: 1444196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Clinically-relevant animal models of human cancer are greatly needed for the study of human cancer biology and the development of new cancer therapeutics and diagnostics. We report here that by orthotopically transplanting histologically-intact human colon cancer to the colon of the immunodeficient nude and scid mouse mutants that extensive local growth and liver metastases occur consistently even after extensive in vivo orthotopic passage. We demonstrate that the liver metastases arise by hematogenous spread. The models described in this report for human colon cancer should prove useful for individual cancer patients as well as for basic and applied studies to develop improved treatment.
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510
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Wang X, Fu X, Hoffman RM. A patient-like metastasizing model of human lung adenocarcinoma constructed via thoracotomy in nude mice. Anticancer Res 1992; 12:1399-401. [PMID: 1444197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A new nude-mouse metastasizing orthotopic transplant model of human adenocarcinoma of the lung is described. Histologically-intact human A549 adenocarcinoma lung tumors were transplanted to the left lung of nude mice via a thoracotomy procedure we have developed. The transplanted tumors grew extensively locally and metastasized to the opposite lung, lymph nodes and other clinically-relevant sites. The results described indicate the model developed could have clinical relevance and contrast with models of the A549 lung adenocarcinoma constructed orthotopically with injections of cell suspensions which result in low metastatic potential.
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511
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Wang X, Fu X, Hoffman RM. A new patient-like metastatic model of human lung cancer constructed orthotopically with intact tissue via thoracotomy in immunodeficient mice. Int J Cancer 1992; 51:992-5. [PMID: 1639545 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910510626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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512
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Fu X, Hoffman RM. Human RT-4 bladder carcinoma is highly metastatic in nude mice and comparable to ras-H-transformed RT-4 when orthotopically onplanted as histologically intact tissue. Int J Cancer 1992; 51:989-91. [PMID: 1639544 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910510625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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513
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Fu X, Guadagni F, Hoffman RM. A metastatic nude-mouse model of human pancreatic cancer constructed orthotopically with histologically intact patient specimens. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1992; 89:5645-9. [PMID: 1608975 PMCID: PMC49349 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.89.12.5645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most intractable and least understood of all human cancers. Pancreatic cancers is the fourth-leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States with less than 2% of the patients surviving for 5 yr. In an effort to help develop more effective treatment modalities for pancreatic cancer and improve detection, we report an animal model for individual human pancreatic-cancer patients. The model involves orthotopic transplantation of histologically intact pancreatic-cancer specimens to the nude-mouse pancreas, which can result in models that resemble the clinical picture including (i) extensive local tumor growth, (ii) extension of the locally growing human pancreatic cancer to the nude-mouse stomach and duodenum, (iii) metastases of the human pancreatic tumor to the nude-mouse liver and regional lymph nodes, and (iv) distant metastases of the human pancreatic tumor to the nude-mouse adrenal gland, diaphragm, and mediastinal lymph nodes. In a series of five patient cases, a 100% take rate has been demonstrated, and of 17 mice transplanted, 15 supported tumor growth. Immunohistochemical analysis of the antigenic phenotype of the transplanted human pancreatic tumors showed a similar pattern of expression of two different human tumor-associated antigens, such as tumor-associated glycoprotein 72 and carcinoembryonic antigen in the transplanted tumors when compared with the original surgical biopsy, suggesting similarity between the two. This model should, therefore, prove valuable for treatment evaluation of individual cancer patients, as well as for evaluation of experimental treatment modalities for this disease.
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514
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Fu X, Tian H, Sheng Z, Wang D. Multiple organ injuries after abdominal high energy wounding in animals and the protective effect of antioxidants. CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL = CHUNG-KUO I HSUEH K'O HSUEH TSA CHIH 1992; 7:86-91. [PMID: 1450398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Multiple organ injuries caused by high energy abdominal wounds were studied in 8 pigs and 24 dogs, and at the same time the protective effect of antioxidants in 14 dogs with multiple organ injuries was also studied. The experimental results showed that: 1) more than two organs (six organs at most) were wounded in each of the animals studied; 2) the injuries were characterized by hemorrhaging, tissue rupture and hematoma, and the main pathologic changes were local edema and necrosis; 3) the marked increase of lipid peroxide (LPO) levels in the vital organs indicated that multiple organ injuries could also involve the molecular level; 4) the injuries were due to the direct effect of pressure waves and ischemic reperfusion and not to shock or infection; and 5) antioxidants (vitamin E and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.) exhibited significant protective effects against multiple organ injuries through a free radical mechanism.
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515
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Ammar R, Baringer P, Coppage D, Davis R, Kelly M, Kwak N, Lam H, Ro S, Kubota Y, Lattery M, Nelson JK, Perticone D, Poling R, Schrenk S, Wang R, Alam MS, Kim IJ, Nemati B, Romero V, Sun CR, Wang P, Zoeller MM, Crawford G, Fulton R, Gan KK, Kagan H, Kass R, Lee J, Malchow R, Morrow F, Sung MK, Whitmore J, Wilson P, Butler F, Fu X, Kalbfleisch G, Lambrecht M, Skubic P, Snow J, Bortoletto D, Brown DN, Dominick J, McIlwain RL, Miller DH, Modesitt M, Shibata EI, Schaffner SF, Shipsey IP, Battle M, Ernst J, Kroha H, Roberts S, Sparks K, Thorndike EH, Wang C, Stroynowski R, Artuso M, Goldberg M, Haupt T, Horwitz N, Kennett R, Moneti GC, Playfer S. Electronic branching ratio of the tau lepton. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1992; 45:3976-3985. [PMID: 10014305 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.45.3976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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516
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Avery P, Freyberger A, Rodriguez J, Yelton J, Henderson S, Kinoshita K, Pipkin F, Saulnier M, Wilson R, Wolinski J, Xiao D, Yamamoto H, Sadoff AJ, Ammar R, Baringer P, Coppage D, Davis R, Kelly M, Kwak N, Lam H, Ro S, Kubota Y, Nelson JK, Perticone D, Poling R, Schrenk S, Alam MS, Kim IJ, Nemati B, Romero V, Sun CR, Wang P, Zoeller MM, Crawford G, Fulton R, Gan KK, Jensen T, Kagan H, Kass R, Malchow R, Morrow F, Whitmore J, Wilson P, Butler F, Fu X, Kalbfleisch G, Lambrecht M, Skubic P, Snow J, Bortoletto D, Brown DN, Dominick J, McIlwain RL, Miller DH, Modesitt M, Shibata EI, Schaffner SF, Shipsey IP, Battle M, Ernst J, Kroha H, Roberts S, Sparks K. Ds+ decays to eta rho +, eta ' rho +, and phi rho +. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1992; 68:1279-1282. [PMID: 10046126 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.68.1279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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517
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Rosen-Bronson S, Fu X, Wagner A, Karr R. DRα residues important in allorecognition. Hum Immunol 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0198-8859(91)90179-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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518
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Liu Y, Fu X, Han H, Cheng B, Luan C. Spectral structure for a class of one-dimensional three-tile quasilattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1991; 43:13240-13245. [PMID: 9997149 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.43.13240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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519
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Fu X, Liu Y, Cheng B, Zheng D. Spectral structure of two-dimensional Fibonacci quasilattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1991; 43:10808-10814. [PMID: 9996813 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.43.10808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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520
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Fu X. [Relation between lipid level and gallstone]. ZHONGHUA YI XUE ZA ZHI 1991; 71:136-9, 10. [PMID: 1648424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), beta-lipoprotein (beta-L), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), ratio of HDL-C to TC and LDL-C to HDL-C, age and sex were compared among 252 patients with gallstones (gallstone group, 76 males, 176 females) in gallbladder and 399 controls (256 males, 134 females, control group), who were identified by ultrasonography in a general check-up during the same period. The high risk factors of gallstone were analyzed by stepwise logistic regression. The increase of beta-L concentration (P less than 0.001), female (P less than 0.001), and high ratio of LDL-C to HDL-C (P = 0.0087) were suspected as the high risk factors of gallstone formation in gallbladder.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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521
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Fu X, Wang JC, Jia YM, Kang Q, An JB. Ten families of ankylosing spondylitis. Chin Med J (Engl) 1989; 102:709-12. [PMID: 2517085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Twenty-two patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) from 10 families were studied with special attention to their clinical findings, HLA-B27 examinations and family histories. Results showed that HLA-B27 was positive in 19 and negative in 3. The hereditary relationship between ankylosing spondylitis and HLA-B27 in Chinese was similar to that in westerners. We consider that subjective symptoms and clinical findings are essential to early diagnosis of AS, but HLA-B27 examination and family history are supportive.
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522
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Leis J, Phillips N, Fu X, Tuazon PT, Traugh JA. Phosphorylation of avian retrovirus matrix protein by Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1989; 179:415-22. [PMID: 2537209 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1989.tb14569.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The matrix protein from avian myeloblastosis virus and the Rous sarcoma virus, Prague C strain, is a phosphoprotein. A comparison of the amino acid sequences shows these phosphoproteins are very similar. The sites of phosphorylation of the matrix protein purified from virions are identified as serine residues 68 and 106. Treatment with purified rabbit skeletal-muscle protein phosphatase 1 or 2A, selectively releases phosphate from serine 68, while alkali treatment releases phosphate from both sites. When analyzed as a substrate for six different protein kinases, only the Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase modifies the matrix protein. The serine residues phosphorylated in vivo are identical to those phosphorylated in vitro by this protein kinase. The role of these phosphorylation events in viral production is discussed.
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523
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Fu X, Wang JC, Jin YM. [A ten-family study of ankylosing spondylitis]. ZHONGHUA WAI KE ZA ZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF SURGERY] 1987; 25:595-7, 614. [PMID: 3502405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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524
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Fu X, Phillips N, Jentoft J, Tuazon PT, Traugh JA, Leis J. Site-specific phosphorylation of avian retrovirus nucleocapsid protein pp12 regulates binding to viral RNA. Evidence for different protein conformations. J Biol Chem 1985; 260:9941-7. [PMID: 2991270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation of serine 40 of the major nucleocapsid protein of avian retroviruses, pp12, regulates binding to viral RNA (Leis, J., Johnson, S., Collins, L. S., and Traugh, J. A. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 7726-7732). The phosphorylation state of the protein can be altered in vitro, resulting in the interconversion of the protein between a state of high affinity for single-stranded RNA and low affinity for single- or double-stranded RNA. The reversible phosphorylation of serine 40 is accompanied by a change in the conformation of the protein as demonstrated by quenching of intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence and chemical modification studies. Quenching of fluorescence of the sole tryptophan residue, Trp 80, by poly(U), KI, and CsCl indicates that the microenvironment of this residue is more positive in pp12 than in p12. Chemical modification studies indicate that the 3 lysine residues at positions 36, 37, and 39 of pp12 react with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid, while only 1 of these residues reacts in p12. The addition of single-stranded, but not double-stranded RNA, to pp12 protects 2 of the 3 lysine residues from chemical modification, suggesting that the two protected lysyl groups are required for binding to single-stranded viral RNA. In contrast to the phosphorylation of serine 40, phosphorylation of serine 43, catalyzed by protease-activated kinase II in vitro, does not induce changes in the protein conformation nor does it alter the RNA binding properties of the protein.
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525
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Fu X, Phillips N, Jentoft J, Tuazon PT, Traugh JA, Leis J. Site-specific phosphorylation of avian retrovirus nucleocapsid protein pp12 regulates binding to viral RNA. Evidence for different protein conformations. J Biol Chem 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)39325-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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