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Wu K, Bailey TC, Willson CG, Ekerdt JG. Surface hydration and its effect on fluorinated SAM formation on SiO2 surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2005; 21:11795-801. [PMID: 16316116 DOI: 10.1021/la0516330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Substrate hydration is demonstrated to be crucial to film quality during self-assembled (SA) film deposition of tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2,-tetrahydrooctyltrichlorosilane (FOTS) from the vapor phase. The surface hydration was studied by thermogravimetric analysis, and a model was developed to predict the conditions necessary to desorb all of the water adsorbed on a fused silica surface without significantly altering the concentration of the surface hydroxyl groups. The nature of the SA film was investigated as a function of the degree of rehydration of the dehydrated silica surface. The wettability and microstructure of the SA films were examined by water contact angle, ellipsometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. There is an optimum degree of substrate hydration, on the order of 1-1.2 monolayers of adsorbed water, required to produce a dense, durable and uniform FOTS film with high water repellency and a smooth surface.
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Danesh J, Lewington S, Thompson SG, Lowe GDO, Collins R, Kostis JB, Wilson AC, Folsom AR, Wu K, Benderly M, Goldbourt U, Willeit J, Kiechl S, Yarnell JWG, Sweetnam PM, Elwood PC, Cushman M, Psaty BM, Tracy RP, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Haverkate F, de Maat MPM, Fowkes FGR, Lee AJ, Smith FB, Salomaa V, Harald K, Rasi R, Vahtera E, Jousilahti P, Pekkanen J, D'Agostino R, Kannel WB, Wilson PWF, Tofler G, Arocha-Piñango CL, Rodriguez-Larralde A, Nagy E, Mijares M, Espinosa R, Rodriquez-Roa E, Ryder E, Diez-Ewald MP, Campos G, Fernandez V, Torres E, Marchioli R, Valagussa F, Rosengren A, Wilhelmsen L, Lappas G, Eriksson H, Cremer P, Nagel D, Curb JD, Rodriguez B, Yano K, Salonen JT, Nyyssönen K, Tuomainen TP, Hedblad B, Lind P, Loewel H, Koenig W, Meade TW, Cooper JA, De Stavola B, Knottenbelt C, Miller GJ, Cooper JA, Bauer KA, Rosenberg RD, Sato S, Kitamura A, Naito Y, Palosuo T, Ducimetiere P, Amouyel P, Arveiler D, Evans AE, Ferrieres J, Juhan-Vague I, Bingham A, Schulte H, Assmann G, Cantin B, Lamarche B, Després JP, Dagenais GR, Tunstall-Pedoe H, Woodward M, Ben-Shlomo Y, Davey Smith G, Palmieri V, Yeh JL, Rudnicka A, Ridker P, Rodeghiero F, Tosetto A, Shepherd J, Ford I, Robertson M, Brunner E, Shipley M, Feskens EJM, Kromhout D, Dickinson A, Ireland B, Juzwishin K, Kaptoge S, Lewington S, Memon A, Sarwar N, Walker M, Wheeler J, White I, Wood A. Plasma fibrinogen level and the risk of major cardiovascular diseases and nonvascular mortality: an individual participant meta-analysis. JAMA 2005; 294:1799-809. [PMID: 16219884 DOI: 10.1001/jama.294.14.1799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 460] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Plasma fibrinogen levels may be associated with the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke. OBJECTIVE To assess the relationships of fibrinogen levels with risk of major vascular and with risk of nonvascular outcomes based on individual participant data. DATA SOURCES Relevant studies were identified by computer-assisted searches, hand searches of reference lists, and personal communication with relevant investigators. STUDY SELECTION All identified prospective studies were included with information available on baseline fibrinogen levels and details of subsequent major vascular morbidity and/or cause-specific mortality during at least 1 year of follow-up. Studies were excluded if they recruited participants on the basis of having had a previous history of cardiovascular disease; participants with known preexisting CHD or stroke were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION Individual records were provided on each of 154,211 participants in 31 prospective studies. During 1.38 million person-years of follow-up, there were 6944 first nonfatal myocardial infarctions or stroke events and 13,210 deaths. Cause-specific mortality was generally available. Analyses involved proportional hazards modeling with adjustment for confounding by known cardiovascular risk factors and for regression dilution bias. DATA SYNTHESIS Within each age group considered (40-59, 60-69, and > or =70 years), there was an approximately log-linear association with usual fibrinogen level for the risk of any CHD, any stroke, other vascular (eg, non-CHD, nonstroke) mortality, and nonvascular mortality. There was no evidence of a threshold within the range of usual fibrinogen level studied at any age. The age- and sex- adjusted hazard ratio per 1-g/L increase in usual fibrinogen level for CHD was 2.42 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.24-2.60); stroke, 2.06 (95% CI, 1.83-2.33); other vascular mortality, 2.76 (95% CI, 2.28-3.35); and nonvascular mortality, 2.03 (95% CI, 1.90-2.18). The hazard ratios for CHD and stroke were reduced to about 1.8 after further adjustment for measured values of several established vascular risk factors. In a subset of 7011 participants with available C-reactive protein values, the findings for CHD were essentially unchanged following additional adjustment for C-reactive protein. The associations of fibrinogen level with CHD or stroke did not differ substantially according to sex, smoking, blood pressure, blood lipid levels, or several features of study design. CONCLUSIONS In this large individual participant meta-analysis, moderately strong associations were found between usual plasma fibrinogen level and the risks of CHD, stroke, other vascular mortality, and nonvascular mortality in a wide range of circumstances in healthy middle-aged adults. Assessment of any causal relevance of elevated fibrinogen levels to disease requires additional research.
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Charonis A, Sideraki V, Kaltezioti V, Alberti A, Vlahakos D, Wu K, Tsilibary E. Basement membrane peptides: functional considerations and biomedical applications in autoimmunity. Curr Med Chem 2005; 12:1495-502. [PMID: 15974982 DOI: 10.2174/0929867054039071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Basement membranes are specialized extracellular matrices that surround certain cell types (muscle cells, adipose cells, etc) and are present under the basal surface of cells exhibiting polarity (epithelial, endothelial and mesothelial cells). They have a unique macromolecular composition, consisting mainly of type IV collagen isoforms, laminin isoforms, entactin/nidogen, and perlecan. These components self associate and interact with each other to form networks. Other macromolecules may be found in specialized basement membranes. In this short review, the role of selected basement membrane proteins in autoimmune diseases will be highlighted. As an example, Goodpasture's syndrome will be presented and the relatively long quest for identification of the antigenic epitope on specific domains of the alpha3(IV)NC1 will be summarized. Chagas disease will be discussed as an example of laminin-mediated autoimmunity, with emphasis on the role of sugar-based antigenic epitope(s) will be presented. Immune-mediated tubulointerstitial nephritis will be introduced and the role of a synthetic peptide in detecting proximal tubule damage in acute renal failure will be discussed. Auto-immune diseases where other basement membrane macromolecules are involved will be mentioned. Finally, the importance of understanding the functions served by domains at close proximity to the antigenic epitope(s) will be highlighted.
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Noorhasan D, Huang J, Wun A, Goldsby J, Lee S, Wu K. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor δ Ligand Is a Survival Factor of Pre-Implantation Embryo. Fertil Steril 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.07.1055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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280
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Schmitt MT, Schreinemachers D, Wu K, Ning Z, Zhao B, Le XC, Mumford JL. Human nails as a biomarker of arsenic exposure from well water in Inner Mongolia: comparing atomic fluorescence spectrometry and neutron activation analysis. Biomarkers 2005; 10:95-104. [PMID: 16076725 DOI: 10.1080/13547500500087913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is found naturally in the geological strata within the Ba Men Region of Inner Mongolia, China. A study was conducted to compare the total As measurements from two analytical techniques: instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS), and to verify nails as an exposure biomarker in this population. In 1999, nail and water samples were collected in a pilot study. Fingernails and toenails were pooled from 32 participants and analysed for total As by both INAA and AFS. Mean nail As values were 14.8+/-2.4 and 19.4+/-2.8 microg g-1 (+/-SEM) for INAA and AFS, respectively. Results from these two methods were significantly correlated (r=0.93, p<0.0001). In 2000, a second study was conducted and INAA was used to measure total As in toenails from 314 Ba Men residents. Well water samples were collected from 121 households and analysed by AFS. A significant correlation was observed between toenail and well water As (r=0.84, p<0.0001). Based on the results, INAA was significantly correlated with AFS and proved to be a reliable measure of nail As levels. In this population, toenail samples are a useful internal As exposure biomarker from drinking water sources.
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281
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Tan W, Wu K. Prostate cancer: biopsy proven rare sites of metastases. J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.4794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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282
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Wu K, Gong Y, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Mu Y, Liu F, Song D, Zhu Y, Wu J. Inhibition of hepatitis B virus replication by recombinant small interfering RNAs. Acta Virol 2005; 49:235-41. [PMID: 16402680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological phenomenon in which introduction of a small, double-stranded interfering RNAs (siRNAs) into a cell causes a specific degradation of homologous single-stranded RNA. siRNA can be delivered into the cell by different approaches including synthetic RNA, in vitro transcribed RNA and RNA transcribed from polymerase III-based recombinant vectors. As hepatitis B (HB) represents a worldwide health problem, we attempted to develop a fast and easy approach to generation and screening of specific siRNA-targeted HB virus (HBV) genes. Using PCR amplification, specific siRNA expression cassettes (SECs) were developed and used to generate effective siRNAs against HB virus (HBV) replication and gene expression in mammalian cells. After screening, we identified two SECs that expressed siRNAs which efficiently decreased the level of HBV pre-c/c gene expression in transfected Bel-7402 cells by 81.9% and 87.3%, respectively. In addition, the level of HBV DNA was decreased by 83.5% and 85.2% in HepG2 2.2.15 cells, respectively. This study provides (i) a new effective application of RNA interference to study viral gene function and viral replication and (ii) a new tool for the prevention and treatment of human HBV infection.
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283
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Song S, Zhang Y, Wu K, Lopez‐Valdivieso A, Lu S. Flotation of Coal Fines as Hydrophobic Flocs for Ash Rejection. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2004. [DOI: 10.1081/dis-120027671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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284
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Wu K, Ahmed A, Woolford TJ. Treatment of home oxygen induced rhinitis: an unusual use for a nasal obturator. Rhinology 2004; 42:244-5. [PMID: 15626260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Patients requiring home oxygen can experience drying and crusting of nasal mucosa. On occasion it can be severe causing significant discomfort. In this report we present such a case. To prevent nasal airflow and hence reduce symptoms the patient was fitted with a nasal obturator. The use of the nasal obturator resulted in a rapid resolution of her symptoms. In this case the use of the nasal obturator was reversible and a simple solution for the treatment of a difficult condition.
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285
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Zehelein J, Thomas D, Khalil M, Wimmer AB, Koenen M, Licka M, Wu K, Kiehn J, Brockmeier K, Kreye VAW, Karle CA, Katus HA, Ulmer HE, Schoels W. Identification and characterisation of a novel KCNQ1 mutation in a family with Romano–Ward syndrome. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2004; 1690:185-92. [PMID: 15511625 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2004.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2004] [Revised: 06/16/2004] [Accepted: 06/16/2004] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Romano-Ward syndrome (RWS), the autosomal dominant form of the congenital long QT syndrome, is characterised by prolongation of the cardiac repolarisation process associated with ventricular tachyarrhythmias of the torsades de pointes type. Genetic studies have identified mutations in six ion channel genes, KCNQ1, KCNH2, SCN5A, KCNE1 and KCNE2 and the accessory protein Ankyrin-B gene, to be responsible for this disorder. Single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis and subsequent DNA sequence analysis have identified a KCNQ1 mutation in a family that were clinically conspicuous due to several syncopes and prolonged QTc intervals in the ECG. The mutant subunit was expressed and functionally characterised in the Xenopus oocyte expression system. A novel heterozygous missense mutation with a C to T transition at the first position of codon 343 (CCA) of the KCNQ1 gene was identified in three concerned family members (QTc intervals: 500, 510 and 530 ms, respectively). As a result, proline 343 localised within the highly conserved transmembrane segment S6 of the KCNQ1 channel is replaced by a serine. Co-expression of mutant (KCNQ1-P343S) and wild-type (KCNQ1) cRNA in Xenopus oocytes produced potassium currents reduced by approximately 92%, while IKs reconstitution experiments with a combination of KCNQ1 mutant, wild-type and KCNE1 subunits yielded currents reduced by approximately 60%. A novel mutation (P343S) identified in the KCNQ1 subunit gene of three members of a RWS family showed a dominant-negative effect on native IKs currents leading to prolongation of the heart repolarisation and possibly increases the risk of malign arrhythmias with sudden cardiac death.
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286
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Sakaki Y, Watanabe H, Taylor T, Hattori M, Fujiyama A, Toyoda A, Kuroki Y, Itoh T, Saitou N, Oota S, Kim CG, Kitano T, Lehrach H, Yaspo ML, Sudbrak R, Kahla A, Reinhardt R, Kube M, Platzer M, Taenzer S, Galgoczy P, Kel A, Blöecker H, Scharfe M, Nordsiek G, Hellmann I, Khaitovich P, Pääbo S, Chen Z, Wang SY, Ren SX, Zhang XL, Zheng HJ, Zhu GF, Wang BF, Zhao GP, Tsai SF, Wu K, Liu TT, Hsiao KJ, Park HS, Lee YS, Cheong JE, Choi SH. Human versus chimpanzee chromosome-wide sequence comparison and its evolutionary implication. COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 2004; 68:455-60. [PMID: 15338648 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.2003.68.455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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287
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Chen T, Jiang G, Fu X, Wang L, Qian H, Wu K, Zhao S. Prognostic significance of CK19 mRNA expression measured by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in peripheral blood of patients with non-small cell lung cancers treated by chemo-radiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2004.06.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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288
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Wu K, Majumdar S, Bull PD. Blocked nose and snoring in a 6-year-old boy. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2004; 68:597-600. [PMID: 15081236 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2003.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2003] [Revised: 12/04/2003] [Accepted: 12/05/2003] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nasal obstruction, mouth-breathing, snoring and deafness are common symptoms seen in children presenting to the otorhinolaryngology clinic. The aetiopathologies are frequently due to adenotonsillar hypertrophy and otitis media with effusion. Rarely however, nasal obstruction and snoring may be associated with more sinister pathology. We report a case of a child with nasopharyngeal B-cell Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma whose initial symptoms were of nasal obstruction and snoring.
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289
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Zheng MY, Wu K, Liang M, Kamado S, Kojima Y. Interface of Al18B4O33w/AZ91 magnesium matrix composite after thermal exposure at 600 °C. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1023/b:jmsl.0000004655.81623.0a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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290
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Thomas D, Kathofer S, Zhang W, Wu K, Wimmer A, Zitron E, Schoels W, Katus H, Kiehn J, Karle C. A32-3 Acute effects of dronedarone on both components of the cardiac delayed rectifier K+ current: Mechanisms of HERG and KvLQT1/mink potassium channel inhibition. Europace 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/eupace/4.supplement_2.b49-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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291
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Chen W, Wu K, Lin M, Tang L, Gu Z, Wang S, Lan C, Lan X, Li H, Huang M, Chen X, Sheng H. [A pilot study on malaria control by using a new strategy of combining strengthening infection source treatment and health education in mountainous areas of Hainan province]. ZHONGGUO JI SHENG CHONG XUE YU JI SHENG CHONG BING ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY & PARASITIC DISEASES 2003; 17:1-4. [PMID: 12563805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM To explore a new malaria control strategy that fits current epiodemiological condition and coincides with modern medicine model and the principle of cost-benefit. METHODS The new strategy highlights the risk villages and risk population as the focal point and integrates health education with behavioral intervention. The main anti-malaria measures consists of carrying out health education in risk villages, giving mass drug administrations in risk population staying overnight in the mountain, following up malaria cases for implementing radical cure, but without using traditional residual spraying or impregnating bednets with insecticides. RESULTS After having adopted the new strategy and taken the control measures, the people's knowledge about malaria increased to a higher level and the indices of malaria reduced to a lower level. The rate of bednet-using in the population was increased from 26.8% to 72.6%. The annual parasite incidence (API) of malaria was declined from 3.5% in 1994 to 1.1% in 1996 and 0.8% in 1997, and the API of falciparum malaria was declined from 1.0% to 0.3% and 0.3% respectively in the townships at the same time. The parasite rate(PR) of malaria was declined from 7.2% in May, 1995 to 2.1% in November, 1996 and 1.2% in October, 1997 and the PR of falciparum malaria was declined from 1.2% in May, 1995 to 0.1% in October, 1997. The proportion of villages without malaria cases was increased from 18.6% in 1994 to 54.2% in 1997, and the number of risk villages with a malaria incidence above 5% was reduced from 14 to 2 at the same time. The ratio of cost/benefit was 1:2.4 in 1995-1996 and 1:4.4 in 1997, showing a better economic benefit. CONCLUSION The expectant result has been obtained, thereby providing new experience for the malaria control in the mountainous areas of Hainan Province.
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292
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Wu K, Leung LS. Increased dendritic excitability in hippocampal ca1 in vivo in the kainic acid model of temporal lobe epilepsy: a study using current source density analysis. Neuroscience 2003; 116:599-616. [PMID: 12559115 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(02)00567-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We used kainic acid in rats as an animal model of temporal lobe epilepsy, and studied the synaptic transmission in hippocampal subfield CA1 of urethane-anesthetized rats in vivo. Dendritic currents were revealed by field potential mapping, using a single micropipette or a 16-channel silicon probe, followed by current source density analysis. We found that the population excitatory postsynaptic potentials in the basal dendrites and distal apical dendrites of CA1 were increased in kainate-treated as compared with control rats following paired-pulse, but not single-pulse, stimulation of CA3b or medial perforant path. In contrast, the trisynaptic midapical dendritic response in CA1 following medial perforant path stimulation was decreased in kainate-treated as compared with control rats. Increased coupling between excitatory postsynaptic potential and the population spike in CA1 was found after kainate seizures. Short-latency, presumably monosynaptic CA1 population spikes following medial perforant path stimulation was found in kainate-treated but not control rats. An enhancement of dendritic excitability was evidenced by population spikes that invaded into or originated from the distal apical dendrites of CA1 in kainate-treated but not control rats. Reverberation of hippocampo-entorhinal activity was evidenced by recurrent excitation of CA1 following CA3b stimulation in kainate-treated but not control rats. Blockade of inhibition by intraventricularly administered bicuculline induced excitatory potentials in CA1 that were stronger and more prolonged in kainate-treated than control rats. The bicuculline-induced excitation was mainly blocked by non-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists. We conclude that kainate seizures induced disinhibition in CA1 that unveiled excitation at the basal and distal apical dendrites, resulting in enhancement of the direct entorhinal cortex to CA1 input and reverberations via the hippocampo-entorhinal loop. These changes in the output of the hippocampus from CA1 are likely detrimental to the behavioral functions of the hippocampus and they may contribute to increased seizure susceptibility after kainate seizures.
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Xie L, Pietrafesa LJ, Wu K. A numerical study of wave-current interaction through surface and bottom stresses: Coastal ocean response to Hurricane Fran of 1996. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jc001078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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294
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Wu K, Chai X, Yang L. [Effects of phytohormones on growth and DHA production by Thraustochytrium roseum]. WEI SHENG WU XUE BAO = ACTA MICROBIOLOGICA SINICA 2003; 43:111-5. [PMID: 16276880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, effects of phytohormones on growth and DHA production by Thraustochytrium roseum MF2 were studied. Results showed that phytohormones had significant affect on growth and DHA production by T. roseum MF2. GA could promote the synthesis of DHA, and BA could accelerate the growth of T. roseum MF2, so the combination of GA and BA could increase DHA yield. The maximum DHA yield of 982mg/L was observed with 2mg/L GA and 3mg/L BA in medium.
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Concibido VC, La Vallee B, McLaird P, Pineda N, Meyer J, Hummel L, Yang J, Wu K, Delannay X. Introgression of a quantitative trait locus for yield from Glycine soja into commercial soybean cultivars. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2003. [PMID: 12595984 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-002-1071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The value of exotic germplasm in broadening the genetic base of most crops has been demonstrated many times. However, the difficulties involved in working with exotic germplasm have limited their utility in plant breeding. Unwanted linkages often thwart the successful incorporation of beneficial exotic genes into commercial lines. Thus, the use of exotics in traditional breeding makes the process of crop improvement a tedious, time-consuming and expensive endeavor. The availability of molecular markers makes it possible to isolate specific genomic regions and transfer them into commercial varieties with minimal linkage drag. We found a yield-enhancing quantitative trait locus (QTL) from Glycine soja (Siebold and Zucc.) by evaluating a population of 265 BC(2) individuals from a cross between HS-1 and PI 407305. The yield QTL was located on linkage group B2(U26) of the soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] genetic linkage map. In a 2-year, multi-location study, individuals carrying the PI 407305 haplotype at the QTL locus demonstrated a 9.4% yield advantage over individuals that did not contain the exotic haplotype. When tested in a more uniform "HS-1-like" background in two locations, we observed an 8% yield advantage for lines that carry the PI 407305 haplotype. We further assessed the QTL effect in various elite soybean genetic backgrounds. The yield effect was consistently observed in only two of six genetic backgrounds. Individuals carrying the PI 407305 haplotype at the QTL locus had a 9% yield advantage in yield trials across locations. Despite the limited adaptability of this yield-QTL across genetic backgrounds, this study demonstrates the potential of exotic germplasm for yield enhancement in soybean.
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Concibido VC, La Vallee B, McLaird P, Pineda N, Meyer J, Hummel L, Yang J, Wu K, Delannay X. Introgression of a quantitative trait locus for yield from Glycine soja into commercial soybean cultivars. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2003; 106:575-82. [PMID: 12595984 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-002-1071-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2002] [Accepted: 06/17/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The value of exotic germplasm in broadening the genetic base of most crops has been demonstrated many times. However, the difficulties involved in working with exotic germplasm have limited their utility in plant breeding. Unwanted linkages often thwart the successful incorporation of beneficial exotic genes into commercial lines. Thus, the use of exotics in traditional breeding makes the process of crop improvement a tedious, time-consuming and expensive endeavor. The availability of molecular markers makes it possible to isolate specific genomic regions and transfer them into commercial varieties with minimal linkage drag. We found a yield-enhancing quantitative trait locus (QTL) from Glycine soja (Siebold and Zucc.) by evaluating a population of 265 BC(2) individuals from a cross between HS-1 and PI 407305. The yield QTL was located on linkage group B2(U26) of the soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] genetic linkage map. In a 2-year, multi-location study, individuals carrying the PI 407305 haplotype at the QTL locus demonstrated a 9.4% yield advantage over individuals that did not contain the exotic haplotype. When tested in a more uniform "HS-1-like" background in two locations, we observed an 8% yield advantage for lines that carry the PI 407305 haplotype. We further assessed the QTL effect in various elite soybean genetic backgrounds. The yield effect was consistently observed in only two of six genetic backgrounds. Individuals carrying the PI 407305 haplotype at the QTL locus had a 9% yield advantage in yield trials across locations. Despite the limited adaptability of this yield-QTL across genetic backgrounds, this study demonstrates the potential of exotic germplasm for yield enhancement in soybean.
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297
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Wu K, Giovannucci EL. RESPONSE: Re: Calcium Intake and Risk of Colon Cancer in Women and Men. J Natl Cancer Inst 2003. [DOI: 10.1093/jnci/95.2.169-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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298
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Tang Y, Wu K, Feng X, Huang L. [Synthesis and bioaction of 2-alkyl-4(1H)-quinolone]. YAO XUE XUE BAO = ACTA PHARMACEUTICA SINICA 2002; 33:121-7. [PMID: 11938947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Five quinolone alkaloids (IVa, Va, c, d, g) including two new compounds (IVa, Vc) from Evodia rutaecarpa and nine analogs are synthesized in good yield by using acid-catalyzed condensation of a series of 3-oxoalkkanoic acid esters with aniline and further methylized with methyl iodide. The other analogue Vh is prepared through the reaction of lithium enolate methyl ketone with N-methylisatoic anhydride. Eight compounds (IVa, d, f; Vb, c, d, f, h) were synthesized for the first time. Pharmacological studies showed that these compounds have vasoconstriction inhibiting and antiulcer effects. Compound IVb also has cytotoxic effect.
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299
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Nunan N, Wu K, Young IM, Crawford JW, Ritz K. In situ spatial patterns of soil bacterial populations, mapped at multiple scales, in an arable soil. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2002; 44:296-305. [PMID: 12375095 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-002-2021-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2002] [Accepted: 07/30/2002] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Very little is known about the spatial organization of soil microbes across scales that are relevant both to microbial function and to field-based processes. The spatial distributions of microbes and microbially mediated activity have a high intrinsic variability. This can present problems when trying to quantify the effects of disturbance, management practices, or climate change on soil microbial systems and attendant function. A spatial sampling regime was implemented in an arable field. Cores of undisturbed soil were sampled from a 3 x 3 x 0.9 m volume of soil (topsoil and subsoil) and a biological thin section, in which the in situ distribution of bacteria could be quantified, prepared from each core. Geostatistical analysis was used to quantify the nature of spatial structure from micrometers to meters and spatial point pattern analysis to test for deviations from complete spatial randomness of mapped bacteria. Spatial structure in the topsoil was only found at the microscale (micrometers), whereas evidence for nested scales of spatial structure was found in the subsoil (at the microscale, and at the centimeter to meter scale). Geostatistical ranges of spatial structure at the micro scale were greater in the topsoil and tended to decrease with depth in the subsoil. Evidence for spatial aggregation in bacteria was stronger in the topsoil and also decreased with depth in the subsoil, though extremely high degrees of aggregation were found at very short distances in the deep subsoil. The data suggest that factors that regulate the distribution of bacteria in the subsoil operate at two scales, in contrast to one scale in the topsoil, and that bacterial patches are larger and more prevalent in the topsoil.
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300
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Malik K, Wu K, Li XQ, Martin-Heller T, Hu M, Foster E, Tian L, Wang C, Ward K, Jordan M, Brown D, Gleddie S, Simmonds D, Zheng S, Simmonds J, Miki B. A constitutive gene expression system derived from the tCUP cryptic promoter elements. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2002; 105:505-514. [PMID: 12582498 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-002-0926-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2001] [Accepted: 12/14/2001] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A limited number of constitutive promoters have been used to direct transgene expression in plants and they are often derived from non-plant sources. Here, we describe novel gene-regulatory elements which are associated with a cryptic constitutive promoter from tobacco, tCUP, and modifications that were made to create a strong gene-expression system that is effective across all living cell types from a wide range of plant species, including several important crops ( Arabidopsis, canola, flax, alfalfa, tobacco). The tCUP 5' untranslated region was mutated to eliminate translational interference by upstream ATGs, and the influence of the Kozak consensus sequence on the levels of a beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene activity was demonstrated. These modifications resulted in expression that was greatly enhanced in all organs. A TATA consensus sequence was added to the core promoter to complement an existing Initiator (Inr) sequence. Although this addition was known to elevate core promoter activity by 3-fold the additive effect on the overall gene-expression system was marginal in all of the transgenic plants tested. Two transcriptional enhancers were identified and the region containing them were oligomerized, yielding a significant increase in marker gene-expression in some but not all plant species. In general, the enhanced tCUP gene-expression system generated levels of GUS activity which exceeded that of the 35S promoter in most plant species and the elevation in activity occurred uniformly among the various plant organs. The potential benefit of cryptic elements for the construction of gene-expression systems for crop species is discussed
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