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Carmignani L, Macchi A, Ratti D, Finkelberg E, Casellato S, Maruccia S, Marenghi C, Picozzi SCM. One day surgery in the treatment of benign prostatic enlargement with thulium laser: A single institution experience. Korean J Urol 2015; 56:365-9. [PMID: 25964837 PMCID: PMC4426508 DOI: 10.4111/kju.2015.56.5.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Various articles have previously addressed the introduction of new surgical laser therapies for an enlarged prostate gland causing obstructive symptoms. The objective of this study was to report the feasibility of performing the thulium laser vapo-enucleation of the prostate (ThuVEP) procedure for benign prostatic obstruction in a 1-day surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS From September 2011 to September 2013, we conducted a prospective study on patients who underwent ThuVEP in a 1-day surgery. The primary outcomes measured perioperatively included operative time, resected tissue weight, hemoglobin decrease, transfusion rate, postoperative irrigation and catheterization time, and postoperative hospital stay. Also, the preoperative and postoperative International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and results of uroflowmetry performed on the 7th and 30th postoperative days were recorded. All perioperative and postoperative complications were monitored. RESULTS A total of 53 patients underwent the surgical treatment in a 1-day surgery. Seven patients continued antiaggregant therapy with aspirin. Mean preoperative prostatic adenoma volume was 56.6 mL. Mean operative time was 71 minutes. The average catheter time was 14.8 hours. The peak urinary flow rate on day 7 improved from 9.3 to 17.42 mL/s (p<0.001) and the IPSS improved from 18 to 10.2 (p<0.01). Patients were routinely discharged on the day of catheter removal. No complications were recorded. CONCLUSIONS ThuVEP can be safely conducted as a 1-day surgical procedure. This strategy results in cost savings. ThuVEP shows good standardized outcomes with respect to improvement in flow parameters and length of bladder catheterization.
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Caries removal in deciduous teeth using an Er:YAG laser: a randomized split-mouth clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 20:65-73. [PMID: 25877234 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1470-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present clinical randomized split-mouth study was to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of an Er:YAG laser for caries removal in primary molars, microbiological dentin analysis, and clinical restorations after 1 year in 29 children. MATERIALS AND METHODS The children's teeth were randomized into two groups: (I) an Er:YAG laser group and (II) a bur preparation group. The efficiency of the treatments (the time necessary for the removal of carious tissue) was evaluated based on the time spent on caries removal in the deciduous molars. The effectiveness (caries removal capacity) of the caries removal was determined by means of a blind test in which the examiner performed a tactile and visual examination of the dentin. Microbiological analysis was performed by counting the Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus sp in the remaining dentin. Clinical analysis of restorations was performed using the USPHS method in combination with photographs of restored teeth, 7 days after the restorative procedure and again after 1 year. All cavities were restored with the Adper Single Bond 2/Filtek Z350 system. The obtained data were analyzed with a significance level of 5 %. RESULTS The Er:YAG laser was less effective and had the same efficacy as bur preparation during caries removal at the pulpal wall of deciduous molars. In the surrounding walls, bur preparation was the more effective method. Regardless of the method employed, the affected dentin in the pulpal wall had similar amounts of S. mutans and Lactobacillus sp. The restorations were clinically accepted by the USPHS method over a 1-year period. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that caries removal with an Er:YAG laser has no influence on the clinical behavior of restorations. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Irradiation with an Er:YAG laser is appropriate for caries removal in primary teeth.
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Chen P, Pan D, Mao Z, Tao B. Detection of water quality parameters in Hangzhou Bay using a portable laser fluorometer. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 93:163-171. [PMID: 25697817 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A field, light-weight laser fluorometer based on the method of laser induced fluorescence was developed for water quality monitoring. The basic instrument configuration uses a high pulse repetition frequency microchip laser, a confocal reflective fluorescent probe and a broadband hyperspectral micro spectrometer; it weights only about 1.7 kg. Simultaneous estimates of three important water quality parameters, namely, chlorophyll a (chl-a), colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), and total suspended matter (TSM) measured by the laser fluorometer were observed to agree well with those measured by traditional methods (0.27-0.84 μg L(-3) chl-a, R(2)=0.88; 0.104-0.295 m(-)(1) CDOM absorption, R(2)=0.90; and 59.8-994.9 mg L(-)(3) TSM, R(2)=0.86) in Hangzhou Bay water. Subsequently, distribution and characteristics of CDOM and chl-a laser fluorescence in Hangzhou Bay were analyzed, which will enhance our understanding of biogeochemical processes in this complex estuarine system at high-resolution, high-frequency and long-term scale.
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Park HS, Kim JY, Choe YS, Han W, An JS, Seo KK. Alternative method for creating fine hairs with hair removal laser in hair transplantation for hairline correction. Ann Dermatol 2015; 27:21-5. [PMID: 25673927 PMCID: PMC4323598 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2015.27.1.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Foremost fine hairs in the frontal hairline region are critical in hair transplantation for hairline correction (HTHC) in women. However, there are few studies on a nonsurgical revisionary method for improving an unnatural foremost hairline with thick donor hairs resulting from a previous HTHC. Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of using a hair removal laser (HRL) system to create fine hairs in Asian women with thick donor hairs. Methods Through a retrospective chart review, the HRL parameters, hair diameter (measured with a micrometer before and after the procedures), subjective results after the procedures, adverse effects, and the number of procedures were investigated. The reduction rate of the hair diameter was calculated. Results Twenty-four women who received long-pulse Neodymium-Doped:Yttrium Aluminum Garnet therapy after HTHC were included. The parameters were as follows: delivered laser energy, 35~36 J/cm2; pulse duration, 6 ms; and spot size, 10 mm. The mean number of laser sessions was 2.6. The mean hair diameter significantly decreased from 80.0±11.5 µm to 58.4±13.2 µm (p=0.00). The mean rate of hair diameter reduction was -25.7% (range, -44.6% to 5.7%). The number of laser sessions and the hair diameter after the procedures showed a negative correlation (r=-0.410, p=0.046). Most of the patients (87.5%) reported subjective improvement of their hairlines. Most complications were transient and mild. Conclusion HRL can be an alternative method for creating fine hairs and revising foremost hairline in Asian women with thick donor hairs.
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Liu W, Hong JW. Modeling of three-dimensional Lamb wave propagation excited by laser pulses. ULTRASONICS 2015; 55:113-122. [PMID: 25109827 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 07/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
As a type of broadband source of ultrasonic guided waves, laser pulses can be used to launch all modes of interests. In this paper, Lamb waves are excited by imposing heat flux mimicking the supply of the heat from laser pulses, and effects by defects on the received Lamb waves in a plate are investigated by means of the finite element method. In order to alleviate the heavy computational cost in solving the coupled finite element equations, a sub-regioning scheme is employed, and it reduces the computational cost significantly. A comparison of Lamb waves generated by unfocused and line-focused laser sources is conducted. To validate numerical simulations, the group velocity of A0 mode is calculated based on the received signal by using the wavelet transform. The result of A0 mode group velocity is compared with the solution of Rayleigh-Lamb equations, and close agreement is observed. Lamb waves in a plate with defects of different lengths are examined next. The out-of-plane displacement in the plate with a defect is compared with the displacement in the plate without defects, and the wavelet transform is used to determine the arrival times of Lamb waves traveling at the A0 mode group velocity. A strong correlation is observed between the extent of defects and the magnitude of wavelet coefficients.
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Transurethral surgical anatomy of the arterial bleeder in the enucleated capsular plane of enlarged prostates during holmium laser enucleation of the prostate. Int Neurourol J 2014; 18:138-44. [PMID: 25279241 PMCID: PMC4180164 DOI: 10.5213/inj.2014.18.3.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To identify the endoscopic vascular anatomy of the prostate during Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP), and analyze the clinical risk factors associated with significant arterial bleeding. Methods We identified 107 consecutive patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia who underwent HoLEP between September 2009 and August 2010, performed by a single surgeon (S.J.O.). Two independent reviewers reviewed the surgery video database and completed a prespecified form. The location of bleeding arteries was marked at the level of the bladder neck, proximal prostate, distal prostate, and verumontanum. Arterial bleeding was classified into one of three grades according to bleeding severity (grades 2 and 3 indicate significant bleeding). Results The mean prostate volume was 65.1±31.5 mL, and the mean prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level was 3.69±3.58 ng/mL. During the HoLEP procedure, the most common locations of significant bleeders were the 2-5 and 7-10 o'clock positions in the proximal prostate. The average number of bleeding arteries was 12.1±7.9 per procedure, and 1.93±1.20 per 10 mL of prostate volume. Multivariate analysis revealed that prostate volume and serum PSA were significant parameters for estimating the number of bleeding vessels. Conclusions During the HoLEP procedure, the most common locations of significant bleeders were the 2-5 and 7-10 o'clock positions in the proximal prostate. Prostate volume was associated with the number of bleeders. A careful approach to the capsular plane of the proximal prostate facilitates early hemostasis during the HoLEP procedure, especially with larger adenomas.
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282
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Gacaferri Lumezi B, Goci A, Lokaj V, Latifi H, Karahoda N, Minci G, Telaku D, Gercari A, Kocinaj A. Mixed form of hirsutism in an adolescent female and laser therapy. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2014; 16:e9410. [PMID: 25068069 PMCID: PMC4103002 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.9410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2012] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Hirsutism is a common disorder of excess growth of terminal hair in an androgen-dependent male distribution in women, including the chin, upper lip, breasts, back, and abdomen. It is very important to identify the etiology of hirsutism and adequate treat is prior to any cosmetic therapy. Case Presentation: The case was a 17-year-old female with severe hirsutism, oligomenorrhea, and obesity. She was evaluated to identify the etiology and diagnosed as a case of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (NC-CAH), and hyperandrogenic insulin-resistant acanthosis nigricans (HAIR-AN) syndrome, which is a rare combination of hirsutism etiology. She was successfully treated according to the underlying pathology, and laser photoepilation was used as the preferred hair removal method. Discussion: Establishing the etiology, using the evidence–based strategies to improve hirsutism, and treating the underlying disorder, are essential for proper management of women with hirsutism.
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Galanakis A, Palaia G, Tenore G, Vecchio AD, Romeo U. Focal epithelial hyperplasia in a human immuno-deficiency virus patient treated with laser surgery. World J Clin Cases 2014; 2:293-296. [PMID: 25032206 PMCID: PMC4097158 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v2.i7.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Focal epithelial hyperplasia (FEH), or Heck’s disease, is a rare disease of the oral mucosa; it is mostly found in children or young adults who are immunosuppressed and who live in regions with low socioeconomic status. It is characterized by asymptomatic papules on the oral mucosa, gingiva, tongue, and lips. Healing can be spontaneous, and treatment is indicated if there are aesthetic or functional complications. Human papillomavirus, especially genotypes 13 and 32, has been associated with FEH and is detected in the majority of lesions. Histopathologically, FEH is characterized by parakeratosis, epithelial hyperplasia, focal acanthosis, and fusion and horizontal outgrowth of epithelial ridges. A 37-year-old male patient was referred to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences at the Sapienza University of Rome, complaining of numerous exophytic lesions in his mouth. He stated that the lesions were not painful but he had experienced occasional bleeding after incidental masticatory trauma. He had received no previous treatment for the oral lesions. His medical history revealed that he was human immuno-deficiency virus positive and was a smoker with numerous, asymptomatic oral papules clinically and histologically corresponding to FEH. The labial and buccal mucosa were especially affected by lesions. Surgical treatment was performed using a 532-nm potassium titanyl phosphate laser (SmartLite, Deka, Florence, Italy) in continuous mode with a 300 μm fiber and power of 1.4 W (power density 1980.22 W/cm2). After anesthesia without vasoconstrictors, the lesions were tractioned with sutures or an Allis clamp and then completely excised. The lesions were preserved in 10% formalin for histological examination, which confirmed the clinical diagnosis of FEH. In this case, the laser allowed excellent control of bleeding, without postoperative sutures, and optimal wound healing.
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Ding M, Shin SW, Kim MS, Ryu JJ, Lee JY. The effect of a desensitizer and CO2 laser irradiation on bond performance between eroded dentin and resin composite. J Adv Prosthodont 2014; 6:165-70. [PMID: 25006379 PMCID: PMC4085239 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2014.6.3.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was aimed to evaluate effect of the desensitizing pretreatments on the micro-tensile bond strengths (µTBS) to eroded dentin and sound dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-two extracted molars were prepared to form a flat dentin surface, and then they were divided into two groups. Group I was stored in distilled water while group II was subjected to a pH cycling. Each group was then subdivided into three subgroups according to desensitizing pretreatment used: a) pretreatment with desensitizer (Gluma); b) pretreatment with CO2 Laser (Ultra Dream Pluse); c) without any pretreatment. All prepared surfaces were bonded with Single Bond 2 and built up with resin composite (Filtek Z250). The micro-tensile bond test was performed. Fracture modes were evaluated by stereomicroscopy. Pretreated surfaces and bonded interfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The data obtained was analyzed by two-way ANOVA (α=0.05). RESULTS For both sound and eroded dentin, samples treated with desensitizer showed the greatest µTBS, followed by samples without any treatment. And samples treated with CO2 laser showed the lowest µTBS. SEM study indicated that teeth with eroded dentin appeared prone to debonding, as demonstrated by existence of large gaps between adhesive layers and dentin. CONCLUSION Pretreatment with Gluma increased the µTBS of Single Bond 2 for eroded and sound teeth. CO2 laser irradiation weakened bond performance for sound teeth but had no effect on eroded teeth.
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Churgin MA, He L, Murray JI, Fang-Yen C. Construction of a system for single-cell transgene induction in Caenorhabditis elegans using a pulsed infrared laser. Methods 2014; 68:431-6. [PMID: 24835576 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The spatial and temporal control of transgene expression is an important tool in Caenorhabditis elegans biology. We previously described a method for evoking gene expression in arbitrary cells by using a focused pulsed infrared laser to induce a heat shock response (Churgin et al., 2013). Here we describe detailed methods for building and testing a system for performing single-cell heat shock. Steps include setting up the laser and associated components, coupling the laser beam to a microscope, and testing heat shock protocols. All steps can be carried out using readily available off-the-shelf components.
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Choi JI, Moon KY, Yoon JH, Na W, Lee JB. Application of the modified clavien classification system to 402 cases of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Korean J Urol 2014; 55:178-81. [PMID: 24648872 PMCID: PMC3956946 DOI: 10.4111/kju.2014.55.3.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We attempted to evaluate the perioperative complications of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) for benign prostatic hyperplasia by using the modified Clavien classification system (MCCS). MATERIALS AND METHODS Targeting 402 patients who underwent HoLEP for benign prostatic hyperplasia performed by a single surgeon between July 2008 and January 2011, we investigated complications that occurred during and within 1 month after surgery and classified them into grade I to grade V on the basis of the MCCS. If two or more complications occurred in one patient, each complication was graded and counted. RESULTS The mean age, prostate volume, operation time, hospital stay, and average follow-up period of 402 patients who underwent HoLEP were 68.8 years (range, 52-84 years), 53.2 g (range, 23-228 g), 58.2 minutes (range, 20-230 minutes), 4.5 days (range, 2-7 days), and 9 months (range, 4-27 months), respectively; 78 complications occurred in 71 of the patients (morbidity rate, 17.6%). In MCCS grade I, complications occurred in 54 cases (69.2%); in grade II, complications occurred in 19 cases (24.3%); in grade III, complications occurred in 4 cases (5.1%); and in grade IV, 1 patient required intensive care unit care because of cerebral infarction (1.2%). There were no grade V complications. CONCLUSIONS The HoLEP-based MCCS complications classification was performed very quickly. However, MCCS, when compared with other measures of endoscopic prostate surgery experiences, including HoLEP, exposed the lack of accuracy in low grade classification and the inability to include late complications.
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Minimally Invasive Excision of Epidermal Cysts through a Small Hole Made by a CO2 Laser. Arch Plast Surg 2014; 41:85-8. [PMID: 24511501 PMCID: PMC3915163 DOI: 10.5999/aps.2014.41.1.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve the cosmetic results of removing epidermal cysts, minimally invasive methods have been proposed. We proposed a new minimally invasive method that completely removes a cyst through a small hole made by a CO2 laser. Twenty-five patients with epidermal cysts, which were 0.5 to 1.5 cm in diameter, non-inflamed, and freely movable, were treated. All of the patients were satisfied with the cosmetic results. This method is simple and results in minimal scarring and low recurrence rates without complications.
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288
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Wu JH, Yang K, Liu Q, Yang SQ, Xu Y. Combined usage of Ho:YAG laser with monopolar resectoscope in the treatment of bladder stone and bladder outlet obstruction. Pak J Med Sci 2014; 30:908-13. [PMID: 25097543 PMCID: PMC4121724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bladder stones in elderly men are commonly associated with bladder outlet obstruction, and many different treatment modalities have been presented for both these conditions. To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a novel method concerning spontaneous usage of both monopoplar transurethral resection of the prostate and Holmium Laser cystolithotripsy, we compared the transurethral use of resectoscope and cystoscope lithotripsy approaches retrospectively. METHODS Patients data of one hundred and nine male patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and bladder stone(s) were analyzed retrospectively. Two groups of patients were compared: Group I was treated with combination of transurethral holmium laser cystolithotripsy (HLC) and transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) using the 24F resectoscope, and group II used 22F cystoscope and 24F resectoscope for treating both these conditions. RESULT We reviewed the records of 109 patients undergoing transurethral cystolithotripsy with holmium laser and simultaneous TURP. The mean bladder stone size were 3.6±1.5 cm in Group-I and 3.7±1.1 cm (mean 3.8) in Group-II (p>0.05). The mean operation time of Group-I and Group-II was 49.0±22.5 minutes and 79.0±28.5 minutes, respectively (p<0.05). Stone fragments were removed completely and TURP procedures were done successfully in all of the patients. Mild hematuria was found more frequently in Group-II (22.2%), and four (7.4%) patients had urethral stricture in the same group during the late follow-up. CONCLUSION Combination of transurethral laser cystolithotripsy and TURP using the same 24F resectooscope is an effective, safe and economical treatment for bladder stones in BPH patients. It is minimally invasive and involves and has lower complication rates and shorter hospital stay. However, this combined approach should be taken in the treatment of calculus within 4 or 5 centimeters.
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An update on the management of endodontic biofilms using root canal irrigants and medicaments. IRANIAN ENDODONTIC JOURNAL 2014; 9:89-97. [PMID: 24688576 PMCID: PMC3961833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Microbial biofilm is defined as a sessile multicellular microbial community characterized by cells that are firmly attached to a surface and enmeshed in a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances. Biofilms play a very important role in pulp and periradicular pathosis. The aim of this article was to review the role of endodontic biofilms and the effects of root canal irrigants, medicaments as well as lasers on biofilms A Medline search was performed on the English articles published from 1982 to 2013 and was limited to papers published in English. The searched keywords were "Biofilms AND endodontics", "Biofilms AND sodium hypochlorite", "Biofilms AND chlorhexidine", "Biofilms AND MTAD", "Biofilms AND calcium hydroxide", "Biofilms AND ozone", "Biofilms AND lasers" and "Biofilms AND nanoparticles". The reference list of each article was manually searched to find other suitable sources of information.
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Rahimi S, Janani M, Lotfi M, Shahi S, Aghbali A, Vahid Pakdel M, Salem Milani A, Ghasemi N. A review of antibacterial agents in endodontic treatment. IRANIAN ENDODONTIC JOURNAL 2014; 9:161-8. [PMID: 25031587 PMCID: PMC4099945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms play a major role in initiation and perpetuation of pulpal and periapical diseases. Therefore, elimination of the microorganisms present in the root canal system is the fundamental objective of endodontic treatment. The use of mechanical debridement, chemical irrigation or other antimicrobial protocols and intra-canal medicaments are critical to attain this goal. The aim of this article was to review the antimicrobial agents and their properties in endodontics.
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291
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Choi YS, Bae WJ, Kim SJ, Kim KS, Cho HJ, Hong SH, Lee JY, Hwang TK, Kim SW. Efficacy and safety of 120-W GreenLight High-Performance System laser photo vaporization of the prostate: 3-year results with specific considerations. Prostate Int 2013; 1:169-76. [PMID: 24392442 PMCID: PMC3879055 DOI: 10.12954/pi.13030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE High-Performance System (HPS) laser photo vaporization of the prostate (PVP) is a widely used procedure nowadays. The safety and efficacy of the procedure has been affirmed in general patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), but data on the safety and efficacy in specific situations, such as in patients with a large prostate, patients taking anticoagulant or 5-alpha reductase inhibitor (5-ARI) medication, and patients with a history of acute urinary retention (AUR) or previous transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), is lacking. We investigated the safety and efficacy of HPS laser PVP in these unique patient groups. METHODS The study was conducted from March 2009 to February 2012 among patients for lower urinary tract symptoms. Patients in whom BPH was diagnosed and who were treated with 120-W HPS GreenLight PVP were selected. Patients were divided into groups of prostate size above and below 80, anticoagulant medication, 5-ARI medication, AUR history, and TURP history on the basis of the preoperative history and physical examination. RESULTS A total of 533 patients observable for a follow-up period of more than 6 months were enrolled as the study population. The patients' mean preoperative prostate size was 51.0±32.7 mL and their mean prostate-specific antigen was 4.5±27.9 ng/mL. The average operating time was 24.5±12.2 minutes and the average applied energy during surgery was 152,184±89,495 J. Postoperative objective and subjective parameters in all groups were significantly improved compared with preoperative values. CONCLUSIONS Laser resection of the prostate is safe and effective. The results of HPS laser PVP were not influenced by prostate size, the use of anticoagulants, the intake of 5-ARI for BPH management, a history of AUR, a history of TURP, or other factors. Thus, this study was able to reconfirm the efficacy and safety of laser resection of the prostate.
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Puissant C, Abraham P, Durand S, Humeau-Heurtier A, Faure S, Rousseau P, Mahé G. [Endothelial function: role, assessment and limits]. JOURNAL DES MALADIES VASCULAIRES 2013. [PMID: 24355615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmv.2013.11.004.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
For several years, detecting and preventing cardiovascular diseases have become a major issue. Different methods have been developed to evaluate endothelial function. Endothelial dysfunction is one of the first steps leading to atherosclerosis. This review presents an insight into endothelial function, the interests of its assessment and methods for studying endothelial function. To date, the vascular endothelium must be considered as a specific organ with its own functions that contribute to the homeostasis of the cardiovascular system. Endothelial dysfunction typically corresponds to a decrease of nitric oxide NO bioavailability. Biological or physico-chemical methods may be used to assess dysfunction. Biological methods allow measuring NO metabolites and pro-inflammatory and vasoconstrictor mediators released by the endothelium. The physico-chemical methods include intra-coronary injections, plethysmography, flow-mediated dilation (FMD), digital plethysmography and optical techniques using laser (laser Doppler single-point, laser Doppler imager, laser speckle contrast imaging) that can be coupled with provocation tests (iontophoresis, microdialysis, post-ischemic hyperemia, local heating). The principle of each technique and its use in clinical practice are discussed. Studying endothelial dysfunction is a particularly promising field because of new drugs being developed. Nevertheless, assessment methodology still needs further development to enable reliable, non-invasive, reproducible, and inexpensive ways to analyze endothelial dysfunction.
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Puissant C, Abraham P, Durand S, Humeau-Heurtier A, Faure S, Rousseau P, Mahé G. [Endothelial function: role, assessment and limits]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 39:47-56. [PMID: 24355615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmv.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
For several years, detecting and preventing cardiovascular diseases have become a major issue. Different methods have been developed to evaluate endothelial function. Endothelial dysfunction is one of the first steps leading to atherosclerosis. This review presents an insight into endothelial function, the interests of its assessment and methods for studying endothelial function. To date, the vascular endothelium must be considered as a specific organ with its own functions that contribute to the homeostasis of the cardiovascular system. Endothelial dysfunction typically corresponds to a decrease of nitric oxide NO bioavailability. Biological or physico-chemical methods may be used to assess dysfunction. Biological methods allow measuring NO metabolites and pro-inflammatory and vasoconstrictor mediators released by the endothelium. The physico-chemical methods include intra-coronary injections, plethysmography, flow-mediated dilation (FMD), digital plethysmography and optical techniques using laser (laser Doppler single-point, laser Doppler imager, laser speckle contrast imaging) that can be coupled with provocation tests (iontophoresis, microdialysis, post-ischemic hyperemia, local heating). The principle of each technique and its use in clinical practice are discussed. Studying endothelial dysfunction is a particularly promising field because of new drugs being developed. Nevertheless, assessment methodology still needs further development to enable reliable, non-invasive, reproducible, and inexpensive ways to analyze endothelial dysfunction.
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294
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Ruban JM, Barbier J, Malet T, Baggio E. [Cosmetic eyelid surgery]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2013; 37:64-72. [PMID: 24275517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cosmetic eyelid surgery is becoming increasingly popular. It can rejuvenate the patient's appearance with relatively minor side effects. Its risk/benefit ratio is one of the best in facial cosmetic surgery. However, the patient does not always accurately assess the aesthetic appearance of his or her eyelids. This underscores the importance of clinical examination in order to determine the patient's wishes, and then make an accurate diagnosis and potential surgical plan. We currently oppose, in general, surgical techniques involving tissue removal (skin-muscle and/or fat) in favor of those involving tissue repositioning and grafting (autologous fat pearl transposition, obtained by liposuction, and lipostructure). Furthermore, the place of adjuvant therapies to blepharoplasty is steadily increasing. They mainly include surface treatments (peels and lasers), dermal fillers and anti-wrinkle botulinum toxin injections. They are also increasingly used in isolation in novel ways. In all cases, a perfect knowledge of anatomy and relevant skills and experience remain necessary.
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295
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Krishna Ch V, Gupta N, Reddy KM, Sekhar NC, Aditya V, Reddy GM. Laser gingival retraction: a quantitative assessment. J Clin Diagn Res 2013; 7:1787-8. [PMID: 24086914 PMCID: PMC3782971 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2013/5954.3292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proper gingival retraction improves the prognosis of crowns and bridges with sub gingival finishlines.Use of lasers assists the operator to achieve proper retraction with good clinical results. AIMS The present study was intended to assess the amount of lateral gingival retraction achieved quantitatively by using diode lasers. SETTINGS AND DESIGN Study was carried on 20 patients attended to a dental institution that underwent root canal treatment and indicated for fabrication of crowns. MATERIAL AND METHODS Gingival retraction was carried out on 20 teeth and elastomeric impressions were obtained. Models retrieved from the impressions were sectioned and the lateral distance between finish line and the marginal gingival was measured using tool makers microscope. Retraction was measured in mid buccal, mesio buccal and disto buccal regions. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The values obtained were used to calculate the mean lateral retraction in microns. RESULTS Mean retraction values of 399.5 μm, 445.5 μm and 422.5μm were obtained in mid buccal, mesio buccal and disto buccal regions respectively. CONCLUSIONS Gingival Retraction achieved was closer to the thickness of sulcular epithelium and greater than the minimum required retraction of 200um.
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296
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Transurethral procedures for lower urinary tract symptoms resulting from benign prostatic enlargement: a quality and meta-analysis. Int Neurourol J 2013; 17:59-66. [PMID: 23869269 PMCID: PMC3713243 DOI: 10.5213/inj.2013.17.2.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Thanks to advancements in surgical techniques and instruments, many surgical modalities have been developed to replace transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). However, TURP remains the gold standard for the surgical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). We conducted a meta-analysis on the efficacy and safety of minimally invasive surgical therapies for BPH compared with TURP. Methods This meta-analysis used a Medline search assessing the period from 1997 to 2011. A total of 784 randomized controlled trials were identified in an electronic search. Among the 784 articles, 36 randomized controlled trials that provided the highest level of evidence (level 1b) were included in the meta-analysis. We also conducted a quality analysis of selected articles. Results Only 2 articles (5.56%) were assessed as having a low risk of bias by use of the Cochrane collaboration risk of bias tool. On the other hand, by use of the Jadad scale, there were 26 high-quality articles (72.22%). Furthermore, 28 articles (77.78%) were assessed as high-quality articles by use of the van Tulder scale. Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) showed the highest reduction of the International Prostate Symptom Score compared with TURP (P<0.0001). Bipolar TURP, bipolar transurethral vaporization of the prostate, HoLEP, and open prostatectomy showed superior outcome in postvoid residual urine volume and maximum flow rate. The intraoperative complications of the minimally invasive surgeries had no statistically significant inferior outcomes compared with TURP. Also, there were no statistically significant differences in any of the modalities compared with TURP. Conclusions The selection of an appropriate surgical modality for BPH should be assessed by fully understanding each patient's clinical conditions.
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Preoperative factors affecting postoperative early quality of life during the learning curve of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate. Int Neurourol J 2013; 17:83-9. [PMID: 23869273 PMCID: PMC3713247 DOI: 10.5213/inj.2013.17.2.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the preoperative factors related to early quality of life (QoL) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia after holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) during the surgeon's learning curve. Methods The medical records of 82 patients with a follow-up period of at least 3 months who were treated with HoLEP during the time of a surgeon's learning curve were analyzed retrospectively. We divided the patients into two groups on the basis of the QoL component of the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) 3 months after HoLEP: the high QoL group (IPSS/QoL≤3) and the low QoL group (IPSS/QoL≥4). Preoperative factors in each group were compared, including prostate volume, prostate-specific antigen, history of acute urinary retention (AUR), urgency incontinence, IPSS, and urodynamic parameters. Detrusor underactivity was defined as a bladder contractility index less than 100 on urodynamic study. Results A total of 61 patients (74.3%) had a high QoL, whereas 21 (25.7%) had a low QoL. A history of AUR, detrusor pressure on maximal flow (PdetQmax), bladder outlet obstruction grade, bladder contractility index, and detrusor underactivity were associated with postoperative QoL in the univariate analysis. In the multivariate analysis, a history of AUR and PdetQmax were independent factors affecting postoperative QoL. Conclusions A history of AUR and bladder contractility affect early QoL, and preoperative urodynamic study plays an important role in the proper selection of patients during the HoLEP learning curve.
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298
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Tambuwala A, Sangle A, Khan A, Sayed A. Excision of Oral Leukoplakia by CO2 Lasers Versus Traditional Scalpel: A Comparative Study. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2013; 13:320-7. [PMID: 25018607 DOI: 10.1007/s12663-013-0519-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Laser surgery has shown to exhibit several advantages over scalpel for many procedures. Some of these advantages include hemostasis, decreased scarring, and ability to perform certain procedures without anaesthesia. It has been postulated that laser surgery results in less post-operative pain. However this can be a difficult parameter to measure. This study sought to determine if there was a difference in the intensity and frequency of pain following excision with scalpel when compared to excision done with a CO2 laser. AIMS AND OBJECTIVE (1) Hemostasis intra operatively and (2) pain, swelling and scarring post-operatively. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty patients with bilateral (60 lesions) were selected for the entire proposed research. Group A: carbon dioxide laser excision (experimental group). Group B: scalpel excision (control group). RESULT (1) Intra operative bleeding is significantly higher in scalpel side compared to laser side treatment. (2) Percentage change (gained) in facial edema is significantly higher in scalpel side compared to laser side treatment. (3) Distribution of level of pain is approximately similar in both the treatments. (4) Distribution of scarring after 1 month post-operative pain is significantly higher in scalpel side compared to laser side treatment. CONCLUSION Through this study we can infer that CO2 laser supersedes conventional scalpel in terms of better intra-operative and reduced scarring. Post-operative pain and swelling after laser excision did not show any significant difference from that of scalpel.
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299
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Kwon O, Park S, Jeong MY, Cho SY, Son H. Application of the Modified Clavien Classification System to 120W Greenlight High-Performance System Photoselective Vaporization of the Prostate for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Is It Useful for Less-Invasive Procedures? Korean J Urol 2013; 54:239-43. [PMID: 23614060 PMCID: PMC3630342 DOI: 10.4111/kju.2013.54.4.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the accuracy and applicability of the modified Clavien classification system (CCS) in evaluating complications following photoselective vaporization of the prostate by use of the 120W GreenLight high-performance system (HPS-PVP). Materials and Methods The medical records of 342 men who underwent HPS-PVP were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were older than 40 years and had a prostate volume >30 mL and an International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) ≥8. Patients with prostatic malignancy, neurogenic bladder, urethral stricture, large postvoid residual volume (>250 mL), previous prostatic surgery, or urinary tract infection were excluded. All operations were done by a single surgeon, and patients were followed up for uroflowmetry and IPSS postoperatively. All complications were recorded and classified according to the modified CCS, and methods of management were also recorded. Results The patients' mean age was 71.6±7.3 years; mean prostate volume was 50.0±17.0 mL, and 95 cases (27.7%) had volumes greater than 70 mL. The mean total IPSS was 21.7±7.9 preoperatively and 12.3±8.1 at the first month postoperatively. A total of 59 patients (17.3%) experienced postoperative complications until the first month after the surgery. Among them, 49 patients (14.3%) showed grade I complications, 9 patients (2.6%) showed grade II complications, and 1 patient (0.3%) showed a grade IIIb complication. No patients had complications graded higher than IIIb. Conclusions Although the modified CCS is a useful tool for communication among clinicians in allowing comparison of surgical outcomes, this classification should be revised to gain higher accuracy and applicability in the evaluation of postoperative complications of HPS-PVP.
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Kim HJ, Lee HY, Song SH, Paick JS. Relationship of postoperative recatheterization and intraoperative bladder distention volume in holmium laser enucleation of the prostate for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Korean J Urol 2013; 54:89-94. [PMID: 23549294 PMCID: PMC3580311 DOI: 10.4111/kju.2013.54.2.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify the risk factors for recatheterization after holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP). Materials and Methods A total of 166 consecutive patients treated with HoLEP by a single surgeon from January 2010 to June 2011 were enrolled in this study. We collected data on preoperative and intraoperative parameters, including intraoperative bladder distention volume. The patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 included patients who voided successfully after removal of the catheter, and group 2 included patients who required recatheterization. Analysis and comparison of the perioperative parameters of both groups was performed for identification of risk factors for recatheterization. Results Recatheterization was required in 9 of 166 (5.4%) patients. No significant differences in age or preoperative parameters, including prostate-specific antigen, prostate volume, International Prostate Symptom Score, peak flow rate, postvoid residual urine, maximal bladder capacity, and Abrahams Griffiths number, were observed between the two groups. Of the intraoperative parameters, intraoperative bladder distention volume was significantly smaller in group 1 than in group 2 (700.65 mL vs. 897.78 mL, p<0.001). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, after adjustment for other variables, intraoperative bladder distention volume was found to be a statistically significant risk factor for postoperative recatheterization (hazard ratio, 1.006; confidence interval, 1.002 to 1.010; p=0.002). Conclusions Nine of 166 (5.4%) patients failed to void after HoLEP and required catheterization. Intraoperative bladder distention volume was found to be a statistically significant risk factor for recatheterization in this patient group.
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