276
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McNeilly AS, Thorner MO, Volans G, Besser GM. Letter: Metaclopramide and prolactin. BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 1974; 2:729. [PMID: 4852857 PMCID: PMC1611149 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.5921.729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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277
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Gey GO, Levy RH, Fisher L, Pettet G, Bruce RA. Plasma concentration of procainamide and prevalence of exertional arrhythmias. Ann Intern Med 1974; 80:718-22. [PMID: 4832159 DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-80-6-718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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278
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Waldo AL, Storm OG. Practical aspects in the utilization of commonly used antiarrhythmic drugs. JOURNAL OF THE MEDICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE STATE OF ALABAMA 1974; 43:739-42. [PMID: 4847300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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279
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Miller RR, Greenblatt DJ. The clinical use of procainamide. THE JOURNAL OF THE MAINE MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 1974; 65:143-4 passim. [PMID: 4845852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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280
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Wyman MG, Hammersmith L. Comprehensive treatment plan for the prevention of primary ventricular fibrillation in acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 1974; 33:661-7. [PMID: 4820897 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9149(74)90259-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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281
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Abstract
Exercise stress testing and 24-hour ambulatory monitoring have been employed to evaluate antiarrhythmic drug efficacy in patients with sporadic ventricular ectopic arrhythmias (VEA). Twenty-three patients with often recurring VEA were exercised 123 times and subjected to 66 ambulatory monitoring sessions during control periods and while receiving either procaine amide or quinidine. Two dose schedules were employed; procaine amide, 3.0 and 6.0 g daily and quinidine, 1.2 and 1.8 g daily. Though adequate and even high drug blood levels were reached, an effective antiarrhythmic response was observed in only eight patients receiving procaine amide and in seven of those taking quinidine. These modest successful results were associated with a high incidence of troublesome adverse effects which were noted in 11 patients receiving procaine amide and six of those receiving quinidine. It is concluded that these antiarrhythmic drugs should not be employed in the patient with episodic VEA unless the arrhythmias are symptomatic and are clearly life-threatening.
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282
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Arstila M, Katila M, Sundquist H, Anttila M, Pere E, Tikkanen R. Dosage, plasms concentration and antiarrhythmic effect of procainamide in sustained-release tablets. ACTA MEDICA SCANDINAVICA 1974; 195:217-22. [PMID: 4595254 DOI: 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1974.tb08125.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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283
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Basil B, Jordan R, Loveless AH, Maxwell DR. A comparison of the experimental anti-arrhythmic properties of acebutolol (M and B 17,803), propranolol and practolol. Br J Pharmacol 1974; 50:323-33. [PMID: 4850183 PMCID: PMC1776679 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1974.tb09607.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
1 The beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent, acebutolol (M & B 17,803), has been compared with propranolol, practolol, lignocaine and quinidine for its ability to revert or prevent various types of experimental arrhythmias.2 By intravenous infusion, acebutolol had one half the potency of propranolol in reverting an established ouabain-induced ventricular arrhythmia in the anaesthetized dog. Practolol was ineffective in the conditions used.3 High oral doses of acebutolol or propranolol significantly increased the arrhythmic dose of ouabain in the conscious rabbit. Similar doses of practolol produced a significant decrease (i.e. potentiation) in the dose of ouabain required to produce arrhythmia. Lignocaine and quinidine showed no or little activity in this test.4 Propranolol, acebutolol and practolol were all effective in decreasing the frequency of ectopic beats induced by adrenaline and methylchloroform in the anaesthetized cat. Lignocaine and quinidine were only weakly effective.5 Acebutolol and propranolol were equally effective either intravenously or orally in reducing the incidence of ventricular fibrillation produced by chloroform in mice.6 It is suggested that the wide spectrum of experimental anti-arrhythmic activity of acebutolol coupled with its cardioselectivity may make it an interesting compound in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias in man.
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284
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Scheinman MM, Weiss AN, Shafton E, Benowitz N, Rowland M. Electrophysiologic effects of procaine amide in patients with intraventricular conduction delay. Circulation 1974; 49:522-9. [PMID: 4591547 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.49.3.522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In 16 patients with intraventricular conduction delay (IVCD) and cardiac arrhythmias, procaine amide (PA) was infused intravenously at rates of 30-40 mg/min until a maximum dose of 750-1,000 mg was administered. His bundle electrograms and plasma PA levels were obtained every 5 min during infusion and for 25 min thereafter. The mean peak PA level (10.2 ± 3.4 µg/ml) was achieved at the end of infusion. Mean control A-V nodal conduction times (A-H: 99.5 ± 34 msec) and A-H at peak PA levels (90 ± 15.3) did not differ significantly. However, the mean infranodal conduction time (H-Q) at peak PA (68.1 ± 14.8 msec) was significantly higher than control measurements (57.6 ± 13 msec) (
P
< 0.001), with a mean percent increase of 18% (11 msec), and maximal prolongation of H-Q occurred at peak PA blood levels. There was no statistically significant correlation between maximum absolute or percent change in H-Q and control H-Q, control QRS duration, or peak PA levels. One patient with sinus bradycardia had further decreases in rate and a junctional rhythm after PA. Intravenous administration of PA appears safe and effective for patients with IVCD in terms of arrhythmia control and absence of high degree A-V block, ventricular ectopic beats, or standstill, but caution should be used in treating patients with sinus bradycardia.
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285
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Shaw TR, Kumana CR, Royds RB, Padgham CM, Hamer J. Use of plasma levels in evaluation of procainamide dosage. Heart 1974; 36:265-70. [PMID: 4132893 PMCID: PMC458828 DOI: 10.1136/hrt.36.3.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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286
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Marshall JT, Kennelly BM. Intractable ventricular tachycardia treated with massive countershock and large doses of procainamide. S Afr Med J 1974; 48:305-7. [PMID: 4814511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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287
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Niebergall PJ, Sugita ET, Schnaare RL. Potential dangers of common drug dosing regimens. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HOSPITAL PHARMACY 1974; 31:53-8. [PMID: 4810165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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288
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Goicoechea FJ, Jelliffe RW. Computerized dosage regimens for highly toxic drugs. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HOSPITAL PHARMACY 1974; 31:67-71. [PMID: 4810167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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289
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Brebner J, Jozefowicz JA. Procainamide therapy of malignant hyperthermia: case report. CANADIAN ANAESTHETISTS' SOCIETY JOURNAL 1974; 21:96-105. [PMID: 4809382 DOI: 10.1007/bf03004584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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290
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Fremstad D, Dahl S, Jacobsen S, Lunde PK, Nådland KJ, Marthinsen AA, Waaler T, Landmark KH. A new sustained-release tablet formulation of procainamide. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1973; 6:251-5. [PMID: 4591152 DOI: 10.1007/bf00644741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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291
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Karlsson E. Plasma levels of procaine amide after administration of conventional and sustained-release tablets. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1973; 6:245-50. [PMID: 4591151 DOI: 10.1007/bf00644740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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292
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Vasilenko VK, Golochevskaĭa VS, Fomina IG. [Clinical aspects and treatment of paroxysmal forms of cardiac rhythm disorders]. TERAPEVT ARKH 1973; 45:46-55. [PMID: 4779666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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293
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Collste P, Karlsson E. Arrhythmia prophylaxis with procaine amide: plasma concentrations in relation to dose. ACTA MEDICA SCANDINAVICA 1973; 194:405-11. [PMID: 4757219 DOI: 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1973.tb19465.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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294
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Giardina EG, Bigger JT. Procaine amide against re-entrant ventricular arrhythmias. Lengthening R-V intervals of coupled ventricular premature depolarization as an insight into the mechanism of action of procaine amide. Circulation 1973; 48:959-70. [PMID: 4270892 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.48.5.959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nine patients with coupled ventricular premature depolarizations (VPDs) were treated with intravenous procaine amide to abolish the arrhythmia. The effect of procaine amide on the electrocardiogram was carefully observed. Seven patients were treated with intermittent intravenous therapy-100 mg of procaine amide was injected every five minutes-and two were treated by constant intravenous infusion-200 µg/min/kg body weight; blood for plasma procaine amide concentration was obtained 4.5 to 5 min after each dose. As the cumulative dose of procaine amide increased, plasma drug concentration increased and the frequency of coupled VPDs progressively decreased. Moreover, in every patient an interesting electrocardiographic phenomenon was observed: as plasma drug concentration increased, the coupling interval progressively increased until the arrhythmia was completely abolished. A hypothesis for procaine amide's antiarrhythmic action is offered based on this new observation. This hypothesis suggests that procaine amide prolongs conduction in the depressed portion of a re-entrant pathway such that conduction is further delayed and block finally occurs, thereby terminating the arrhythmia.
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295
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Ruosteenoja R, Torsti P, Sothmann A. Experiences on a sustained-release procainamide preparation. CURRENT THERAPEUTIC RESEARCH 1973; 15:707-12. [PMID: 4201315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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296
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297
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Miller RR, Hilliard G, Lies JE, Massumi RA, Zelis R, Mason DT, Amsterdam EA. Hemodynamic effects of procainamide in patients with acute myocardial infarction and comparison with lidocaine. Am J Med 1973; 55:161-8. [PMID: 4722854 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9343(73)90164-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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298
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Royds R, Shaw TR, Kumana CR, Padgham D, Hamer J. Control of procainamide therapy after cardiac infarction. Heart 1973; 35:862-3. [PMID: 4729848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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299
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Kosowsky BD, Taylor J, Lown B, Ritchie RF. Long-term use of procaine amide following acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 1973; 47:1204-10. [PMID: 4122729 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.47.6.1204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The safety of long-term prophylactic antiarrhythmic therapy with procaine amide was studied in 78 patients recovering from acute myocardial infarction. Patients were randomly allocated to a control or treatment group and followed monthly for up to 2 years with ambulatory ECG monitoring and measurement of serum drug level, antinuclear antibody (ANA) titer, LE preparation, blood count, BUN, and SGOT. Early reactions forced discontinuation of therapy in nine of 39 treated patients within the first 3 weeks. Late reactions were observed in 14 of 16 patients who took procaine amide for 3 months or longer. Every patient on therapy for 1 year or longer demonstrated elevation in ANA titer. Comparison of monitoring data between these two groups revealed no difference in the incidence of occasional or frequent premature ventricular beats. However, during the first 6 months, treated patients tended to have fewer major arrhythmias. There were fewer sudden deaths among treated patients, but this difference did not reach statistical significance at the 5% level. It is concluded that the high incidence of toxic reactions precludes widespread use of long-term prophylactic procaine amide therapy. More precise identification of a sudden death-prone population might justify such therapy in such selected cases.
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300
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Levy RH, Smith GH. Dosage regimens of antiarrhythmics. II. Applications. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HOSPITAL PHARMACY 1973; 30:494-8. [PMID: 4709928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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