REACTION OF syn-BENZALDOXIME WITH CARBON MONOXIDE AND HYDROGEN TO YIELD SUBSTITUTED UREAS

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THE REACTION OF UNSATURATED CARBOHYDRATES WITH CARBON MONOXIDE AND HYDROGEN: I. BRANCHED-CHAIN CARBOHYDRATE FROM 3,4,6-TRI-O-ACETYL-D-GALACTAL

A new crystalline seven-carbon branched-chain carbohydrate has been synthesized by application of the oxo reaction to 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-D-galactal. Periodate oxidation of the sugar alcohol was carried out to determine its structure. Crystalline benzoate and p-nitro-benzoate derivatives were obtained.

REARRANGEMENT STUDIES WITH C14: III. THE FRIEDEL–CRAFTS ALKYLATION OF ANISOLE WITH 2-PHENYLETHYL-1-C14 CHLORIDE AND 2-PHENYLETHANOL-1-C14

The Friedel–Crafts alkylation of anisole with 2-phenylethyl-1-C14 chloride and 2-phenylethanol-1-C14 resulted in a product, p-methoxydibenzyl, which showed isotope position rearrangement corresponding to an essentially 50% rearrangement of the C14 labeled atoms from the C-1 to the C-2 positions in the original chloride and alcohol. If one were to assume that both rearrangement and alkylation involve the same intermediate, these results may be explained on the basis of either an ionic mechanism for the Friedel–Crafts alkylation, the rearrangement being attributed to the formation of the phenylethyl cation, or a displacement mechanism in which the alkylation product is formed from a reaction between anisole and a rearranged polarized complex of aluminum chloride and alkylating agent. The possibility that rearrangement in the Friedel-Crafts alkylation may arise from a process separate from and prior to the alkylation stage itself is also discussed. On this basis, the intermediates involved in the rearrangement and alkylation stages will not necessarily have to be the same.

INFLUENCE OF THE NUMBER OF CARBON ATOMS OF THE ALKYL GROUP ON POLYMERIZATION AND PROPERTIES OF PARA-ALKYLPHENOL–FORMALDEHYDE POLYMERS

The polymerization (in organic media) of p-cresol–formaldehyde has been investigated in sealed tubes and in open systems. A series of almost colorless p-alkylphenol–formaldehyde polymers, prepared in sealed tubes, was studied to determine the influence of the number of carbon atoms of the substituting alkyl group on the polymerization process and on the properties of the polymers. Infrared spectra and chemical analyses of the original and heat-treated polymers were correlated with the structures of the polymers.