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Sunderland T, Rubinow DR, Tariot PN, Cohen RM, Newhouse PA, Mellow AM, Mueller EA, Murphy DL. CSF somatostatin in patients with Alzheimer's disease, older depressed patients, and age-matched control subjects. Am J Psychiatry 1987; 144:1313-6. [PMID: 2889377 DOI: 10.1176/ajp.144.10.1313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Somatostatin-like immunoreactivity was measured in the CSF of 12 patients with Alzheimer's disease, 15 age-matched control subjects, and 20 older depressed subjects. Patients with dementia or depression were found to have lower CSF somatostatin concentrations than control subjects despite markedly different clinical presentations. Severity of depression was clearly different in all three groups but showed no significant correlation with CSF concentration of somatostatin. There was a significant positive correlation between CSF somatostatin-like immunoreactivity and cognitive functioning in all 47 subjects, but this association was not statistically significant within individual diagnostic groups. These data raise interesting questions about possible biological links between Alzheimer's disease and depression in older patients.
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Bagdy G, Szemeredi K, Zukowska-Grojec Z, Hill J, Murphy DL. M-chlorophenylpiperazine increases blood pressure and heart rate in pithed and conscious rats. Life Sci 1987; 41:775-82. [PMID: 3112482 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(87)90458-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In pithed rats, m-chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP) produced marked, dose-dependent (ED50 = 0.18 mumol) increases in mean arterial blood pressure which peaked within 1 minute and were sustained over 15 minutes. Two serotonin antagonists, metergoline and ritanserin, completely blocked the pressor responses to 2.5 mg/kg m-CPP in pithed adrenal demedullated rats, while alpha-adrenergic blockade by prazosin plus yohimbine was without effect, suggesting that the doubling in blood pressure produced by m-CPP was mediated via serotonin receptors within blood vessels. Somewhat smaller increases in blood pressure over baseline values were observed after m-CPP administration to conscious, freely moving rats. A small but statistically significant increase in heart rate peaked 5 minutes after m-CPP and also was blocked by metergoline but was only minimally affected by ritanserin or the prazosin-yohimbine combination. These results with m-CPP support other evidence for two or more separable effects of serotonergic agonists on the peripheral cardiovascular system.
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304
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Aulakh CS, Cohen RM, Hill JL, Murphy DL, Zohar J. Long-term imipramine treatment enhances locomotor and food intake suppressant effects of m-chlorophenylpiperazine in rats. Br J Pharmacol 1987; 91:747-52. [PMID: 3664076 PMCID: PMC1853590 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1987.tb11272.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
1 Administration of the 5-HT1B receptor agonist m-chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP) to rats produces dose-dependent decreases in locomotor activity and food intake. 2 The locomotor suppressant effect of m-CPP was inhibited by the 5-hydroxytryptaminergic antagonist, metergoline, but not by phentolamine, propranolol, clonidine, or haloperidol. 3 The locomotor suppressant effects of m-CPP were enhanced following long-term (but not short-term) treatment with imipramine, possibly reflecting the postulated development of a functional supersensitivity of 5-HT1B receptors mediating locomotion during longer-term antidepressant drug treatment. 4 The food intake suppressant effects of m-CPP were enhanced following both short (3-5 days) and longer-term (21 days) treatment with imipramine. Rapidly developing 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake inhibition may be responsible for this change, or it may represent an earlier adaptive change in the 5-HT1B receptors mediating food intake compared to more complexly modulated motor responses.
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305
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Tariot PN, Cohen RM, Sunderland T, Newhouse PA, Yount D, Mellow AM, Weingartner H, Mueller EA, Murphy DL. L-deprenyl in Alzheimer's disease. Preliminary evidence for behavioral change with monoamine oxidase B inhibition. ARCHIVES OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRY 1987; 44:427-33. [PMID: 3107514 DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1987.01800170041007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Since monoamine neurotransmitter disturbances exist in some cases of dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT), monoamine-enhancing drugs may ameliorate some symptoms of DAT. L-Deprenyl is a monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor that is generally free of undesired effects. At low doses (10 mg/d) it selectively inhibits MAO-B, an enzyme whose level is elevated in the brains of patients with DAT who are studied post mortem. At higher doses it has more complex effects, including inhibition of MAO-A plus MAO-B. We administered 10 mg/d and 40 mg/d of L-deprenyl to 17 patients with DAT in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, serial treatment. Total Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale scores decreased significantly during 10-mg/d treatment, with decreases in measures of anxiety/depression, tension, and excitement. Approximately one half of the patients' conditions were judged to be improved clinically, with evidence of increased activity and social interaction along with reduced tension and retardation. Similar but smaller changes were observed during 40-mg/d treatment. The behavioral changes were associated with improvement in performance on a complex cognitive task requiring sustained effort. There were minimal physiologic and side effects. The greater effect of low-dose L-deprenyl therapy suggests that it is the inhibition of MAO-B, and not MAO-A, that may be important in the behavioral effects of L-deprenyl administration to patients with DAT.
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306
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Sunderland T, Tariot PN, Cohen RM, Weingartner H, Mueller EA, Murphy DL. Anticholinergic sensitivity in patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type and age-matched controls. A dose-response study. ARCHIVES OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRY 1987; 44:418-26. [PMID: 3579494 DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1987.01800170032006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We compared the cognitive and behavioral responses to three intravenous doses of scopolamine (0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 mg) and placebo of ten patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) and ten age- and sex-matched elderly control subjects. The patients with DAT showed significant behavioral and cognitive but not physiologic changes at a lower scopolamine dose (0.25 mg) than did the normal elderly controls. Cognitive tests of new learning and semantic knowledge revealed significant impairments at the 0.25-mg scopolamine dose in the patients with DAT, while the responses of the control population were essentially unchanged. Behaviorally, mild euphoria, motor incoordination, and hostility occurred in the patients with DAT but not the controls at the 0.25-mg dose. These differences were unrelated to peripheral physiologic changes produced by the different scopolamine doses. These results indicate that central nervous system functions such as cognition and certain elements of behavior are more sensitive to temporary cholinergic blockade in patients with DAT than in normal age-matched controls. We review implications concerning the status of central cholinergic function in patients with DAT in light of neuropathologically demonstrated cholinergic system lesions in DAT.
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307
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Flament MF, Rapoport JL, Murphy DL, Berg CJ, Lake CR. Biochemical changes during clomipramine treatment of childhood obsessive-compulsive disorder. ARCHIVES OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRY 1987; 44:219-25. [PMID: 3548637 DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1987.01800150025004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral measures of serotonergic and noradrenergic function were obtained in 29 obsessive-compulsive adolescents and 31 age- and sex-matched controls, as well as in a subsample of 22 patients after five weeks of treatment with clomipramine hydrochloride (134 +/- 33 mg/d) (mean +/- SD) given in a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Drug-free obsessive-compulsive subjects did not differ from controls on measures of platelet serotonin and monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity, nor on plasma epinephrine or norepinephrine concentrations at rest and after a standard orthostatic challenge procedure. Compared with placebo, treatment with clomipramine was clinically effective and produced a marked decrease in platelet serotonin concentration, a trend toward a reduction in platelet MAO activity, and a rise in standing plasma norepinephrine. Clinical improvement during drug therapy was closely correlated with pretreatment platelet serotonin concentration and MAO activity, as well as with the decrease in both measures during clomipramine administration. This suggests that the effects of clomipramine on serotonin uptake may be essential to the antiobsessional action observed.
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308
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Sunderland T, Tariot PN, Cohen RM, Newhouse PA, Mellow AM, Mueller EA, Murphy DL. Dose-dependent effects of deprenyl on CSF monoamine metabolites in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1987; 91:293-6. [PMID: 2436247 DOI: 10.1007/bf00518180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Deprenyl, a monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor with selective effects on MAO type-B at low doses, was administered to 13 patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT), a disorder reported to be associated with increased brain MAO-B activity. Cerebrospinal fluid was obtained for measurement of three monoamine metabolites, homovanillic acid (HVA), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), by high pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Deprenyl treatment (10 mg/day) for 3-4 weeks was associated with small but statistically significant reductions in HVA (21%) and 5-HIAA (15%) compared to baseline values. Subsequent administration of deprenyl at the higher dose of 40 mg/day for 3-4 more weeks led to greater reductions in HVA (40%) and MHPG (43%) than 5-HIAA (20%). These dose-dependent reductions are consistent with in vitro biochemical and anatomical data from primate brain suggesting that at low doses of deprenyl, MAO-B inhibition might be expected to selectively affect dopamine and serotonin-containing neurons, while at higher doses (which lead to MAO-A as well as MAO-B inhibition), noradrenergic neurons may become relatively more affected by the drug.
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309
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Tariot PN, Sunderland T, Weingartner H, Murphy DL, Welkowitz JA, Thompson K, Cohen RM. Cognitive effects of L-deprenyl in Alzheimer's disease. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1987; 91:489-95. [PMID: 3108930 DOI: 10.1007/bf00216016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Monoamine neurotransmitter systems, along with cholinergic systems, are known to play important roles in cognition, and are disrupted in at least some patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT). This suggests that monoamine-enhancing drugs might ameliorate cognitive symptoms in certain patients with DAT. L-Deprenyl is a monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor which may selectively inhibit MAO-B at low doses, while at high doses it nonselectively inhibits MAO-A as well as MAO-B. We studied its effects on several types of cognitive function in 17 patients with DAT. Two doses of L-deprenyl (10 mg/day and 40 mg/day) and placebo were compared in a double-blind, serial treatment design. Episodic learning and memory, knowledge memory, attention, recognition, and performance on a continuous performance task were assessed at baseline and under these drug and placebo conditions. Statistically significant improvement was noted in performance on an episodic memory and learning task requiring complex information processing and sustained conscious effort during treatment with L-deprenyl 10 mg/day. Knowledge memory, intrusions, and other cognitive functions relevant to DAT were not altered by L-deprenyl at either dose.
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310
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Murphy DL, Garrick NA, Hill JL, Tamarkin L. Marked enhancement by clorgyline of nocturnal and daytime melatonin release in rhesus monkeys. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1987; 92:382-7. [PMID: 3114792 DOI: 10.1007/bf00210848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The type A monoamine oxidase (MAO)-inhibiting antidepressant clorgyline (1 mg/kg/24 days) administered to rhesus monkeys increased night-time cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) melatonin concentrations 3-fold and day-time maltonin values 5-fold. Other circadian parameters of melatonin release, including the peak time and duration of nocturnal melatonin elevation measured during continuous CSF collection periods of 90 min duration over 24-h cycles, were unaffected by clorgyline. While pinealocytes are thought to contain only MAO-B, treatment with the selective MAO-B inhibitor deprenyl (2 mg/kg/24 days) did not alter day or night-time melatonin concentrations. These results are consistent with MAO-A and non-selective MAO inhibitors acting via blockade of degradation of the preferential substrates of MAO-A, serotonin and/or norepinephrine, in adrenergic neurons entering the pineal gland. Further study is needed to evaluate the relative contributions of an increased availability of the melatonin precursor, serotonin, or a sustained net increase in alpha 1-or beta adrenoceptor-mediated input on pinealocytes to these marked changes in melatonin production.
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311
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Siever LJ, Insel TR, Hamilton J, Nurnberger J, Alterman I, Murphy DL. Eye-tracking, attention and amphetamine challenge. J Psychiatr Res 1987; 21:129-35. [PMID: 3295210 DOI: 10.1016/0022-3956(87)90013-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Smooth pursuit eye movement (SPEM) performance has been linked to nonvoluntary attentional processes. Amphetamine is a psychotropic drug with documented effects on attentional performance. In order to evaluate the relationship between SPEM performance and amphetamine's attentional effects, SPEM performance was measured prior to and following amphetamine administration in five bipolar patients and eight obsessive-compulsive patients. In these 13 patients, amphetamine did not significantly alter the accuracy of SPEM in the two patient groups. However, significant negative correlations were observed in the obsessive-compulsive patients and in the combined patient groups between baseline SPEM impairment and changes in eye-tracking accuracy following amphetamine, i.e. individuals with poorer SPEM accuracy improved while better SPEM performers deteriorated in tracking accuracy during amphetamine treatment.
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312
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Murphy DL, Sunderland T, Garrick NA, Aulakh CS, Cohen RM. Selective amine oxidase inhibitors: basic to clinical studies and back. PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY SERIES 1987; 3:135-46. [PMID: 3547393 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-71288-3_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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313
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Ballas SK, Reilly PA, Murphy DL. The blood group U antigen is not located on glycophorin B. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1986; 884:337-43. [PMID: 3768423 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(86)90182-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Erythrocytes from twelve individuals with the S-s-U- phenotype and from ten with the S-S-U+ phenotype were analyzed and compared to control cells with S+/s+U+ determinants. No red cell abnormality was detected in S-s-U+ or S-s-U- carriers. Sialic acid content was similar (P greater than 0.05) for S-s-U+ and S-s-U- erythrocytes (74.6 +/- 7.14 and 71.4 +/- 8.53 nmol/10(9) red blood cells, respectively) but significantly less (P less than 0.001) than controls with 89.5 +/- 11.4 nmol/10(9) red blood cells, n = 16. Fluorographs of SDS-polyacrylamide gels showed no glycophorin B in membranes from S-s-U+ and S-s-U- erythrocytes labeled with NaB3H4. Glycophorins were extracted from red cell membranes in chloroform/methanol, labeled with 125I and analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Periodic acid Schiff stain and autoradiographs of these gels also showed absence of glycophorin B in both S-s-U+ and S-s-U- cells. These findings suggested that the U antigen is not located on glycophorin B. This hypothesis was tested by determining blood group antigenicity on red cell membranes and on extracted sialoglycoproteins by the hemagglutination inhibition technique. Although U and S/s activities were detected in control red cell membranes, extracted glycoproteins demonstrated S/s activity but no U activity. Together the data indicate that both S-s-U+ and S-s-U- erythrocytes lack glycophorin B and that the U antigen is not located on glycophorin B. This deletion does not seem to affect the structure-function of the red cell.
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314
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Eisenhofer G, Goldstein DS, Stull R, Keiser HR, Sunderland T, Murphy DL, Kopin IJ. Simultaneous liquid-chromatographic determination of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol, catecholamines, and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine in plasma, and their responses to inhibition of monoamine oxidase. Clin Chem 1986; 32:2030-3. [PMID: 3096593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This is a reversed-phase liquid-chromatographic method, with electrochemical detection, for simultaneously measuring, in plasma, the concentrations of the catecholamine precursor dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA); the endogenous catecholamines norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine; and the deaminated catecholamine metabolites dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG). We used this method to assess effects of monoamine oxidase (EC 1.4.3.4) inhibition in humans. Plasma DHPG concentrations as determined by the present method (mean 826, SEM 61 ng/L) were similar to those found by other methods. Inhibition of monoamine oxidase (by administering deprenyl or tranylcypromine) decreased plasma DHPG by greater than 65%, plasma DOPAC by greater than 50%, and plasma DOPA by about 20%, without consistently affecting norepinephrine or epinephrine. Simultaneous measurement of DOPA, catecholamines, and DHPG may be useful for examining the synthesis, release, and intraneuronal metabolism of norepinephrine. The assay method is rapid, reliable, and simple, and it provides a more comprehensive assessment of noradrenergic nervous function than does measurement only of catecholamines.
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315
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Roy BF, Rose JW, McFarland HF, McFarlin DE, Murphy DL. Anti-beta-endorphin immunoglobulin G in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1986; 83:8739-43. [PMID: 2946044 PMCID: PMC387007 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.83.22.8739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Human IgG specific for beta-endorphin was identified by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay and isolated by affinity chromatography. From a sample of 27 subjects, three individuals with major depression demonstrated plasma IgG highly reactive with human beta-endorphin, while four other subjects (two with depression and two randomly selected blood donors) had intermediate reactivity. The recognition site for beta-endorphin was retained by F(ab')2 fragments.
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316
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Eisenhofer G, Goldstein DS, Stull R, Keiser HR, Sunderland T, Murphy DL, Kopin IJ. Simultaneous liquid-chromatographic determination of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol, catecholamines, and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine in plasma, and their responses to inhibition of monoamine oxidase. Clin Chem 1986. [DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/32.11.2030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This is a reversed-phase liquid-chromatographic method, with electrochemical detection, for simultaneously measuring, in plasma, the concentrations of the catecholamine precursor dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA); the endogenous catecholamines norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine; and the deaminated catecholamine metabolites dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG). We used this method to assess effects of monoamine oxidase (EC 1.4.3.4) inhibition in humans. Plasma DHPG concentrations as determined by the present method (mean 826, SEM 61 ng/L) were similar to those found by other methods. Inhibition of monoamine oxidase (by administering deprenyl or tranylcypromine) decreased plasma DHPG by greater than 65%, plasma DOPAC by greater than 50%, and plasma DOPA by about 20%, without consistently affecting norepinephrine or epinephrine. Simultaneous measurement of DOPA, catecholamines, and DHPG may be useful for examining the synthesis, release, and intraneuronal metabolism of norepinephrine. The assay method is rapid, reliable, and simple, and it provides a more comprehensive assessment of noradrenergic nervous function than does measurement only of catecholamines.
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317
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Newhouse PA, Sunderland T, Thompson K, Tariot PN, Weingartner H, Mueller ER, Cohen RM, Murphy DL. Intravenous nicotine in a patient with Alzheimer's disease. Am J Psychiatry 1986; 143:1494-5. [PMID: 3777262 DOI: 10.1176/ajp.143.11.1494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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318
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Siever LJ, van Kammen DP, Linnoila M, Alterman I, Hare T, Murphy DL. Smooth pursuit eye movement disorder and its psychobiologic correlates in unmedicated schizophrenics. Biol Psychiatry 1986; 21:1167-74. [PMID: 3756265 DOI: 10.1016/0006-3223(86)90223-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The accuracy of smooth pursuit eye movements (SPEMs) was evaluated electrooculographically in 14 medication-free schizophrenics. Concentrations of monoamine metabolites and gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA) were measured in their cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Ventricular-brain ratios (VBR) were determined by computed axial tomography (CT scan). Premorbid adjustment was evaluated by the Phillips Scale. The SPEMs of eight of the patients were reevaluated after 2 weeks of treatment with either prazosin or pimozide. No consistent significant correlations were found between SPEM accuracy and CSF metabolite concentrations, VBR, or premorbid adjustment. SPEM accuracy was not correlated with number of days off medication and was significantly correlated when measured before and during medication.
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319
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Sunderland T, Mellow AM, Gross M, Cohen RM, Tariot PN, Newhouse PA, Murphy DL. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone and dementia. Am J Psychiatry 1986; 143:1318. [PMID: 3094388 DOI: 10.1176/ajp.143.10.1318b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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320
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Ballas SK, Flynn JC, Pauline LA, Murphy DL. Erythrocyte Rh antigens increase with red cell age. Am J Hematol 1986; 23:19-24. [PMID: 3090873 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.2830230104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Certain blood group antigens may play a role in the removal of senescent red cells from the circulation. In order to elucidate this hypothesis, we have investigated the effect of red cell aging on Rh blood group antigens. Red cells from volunteer donors were separated into subpopulations of uniformly defined densities on discontinuous Stractan density gradients. The number of the five major Rh antigen sites of each fraction was determined both by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and by hemagglutination-scoring technique. All Rh antigens tested increased with cell age (p less than 0.01). The data indicate that there is a positive correlation between red cell age and the Rh blood group antigen site number.
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321
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Zahn TP, Schooler C, Murphy DL. Autonomic correlates of sensation seeking and monoamine oxidase activity: using confirmatory factor analysis on psychophysiological data. Psychophysiology 1986; 23:521-31. [PMID: 3809359 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1986.tb00667.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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322
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Abstract
Concentrations of plasma norepinephrine (NE) and plasma-3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), blood pressure, and heart rate were measured on 2 days in 25 depressed patients and 25 controls. Comparisons were made between patients and controls, and also between days for both groups, to determine the short-term stability of these measures. The means of the plasma and urinary noradrenergic metabolite measures were not significantly different between groups. The variance of plasma MHPG, plasma NE, and mean blood pressure was greater in the depressed patients than in controls. Blood pressure, plasma MHPG, and plasma NE were relatively stable as suggested by the significant correlations between the 2 days for each of these variables. Plasma NE, plasma MHPG, and the sum of the deaminated urinary metabolites (MHPG and vanillylmandelic acid) were significantly intercorrelated. These results support other data in suggesting that plasma concentrations of NE and MHPG may be useful measures of noradrenergic activity, but may not consistently distinguish depressed patients from controls.
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323
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Newhouse PA, Sunderland T, Tariot PN, Mueller EA, Murphy DL, Cohen RM. Prolactin response to TRH in Alzheimer's disease and elderly controls. Biol Psychiatry 1986; 21:963-7. [PMID: 3091099 DOI: 10.1016/0006-3223(86)90271-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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324
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Tariot PN, Sunderland T, Weingartner H, Murphy DL, Cohen MR, Cohen RM. Naloxone and Alzheimer's disease. Cognitive and behavioral effects of a range of doses. ARCHIVES OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRY 1986; 43:727-32. [PMID: 3729666 DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1986.01800080013002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
There have been conflicting reports on the effects of naloxone hydrochloride in patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT). In addition, none of the naloxone studies in DAT used doses of 2.0 mg/kg or more, the amount necessary to produce reliable cognitive and behavioral changes in young normal subjects. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 12 patients with DAT were administered naloxone hydrochloride in doses of 5 micrograms/kg, 0.1 mg/kg, and 2.0 mg/kg, with detailed evaluation of its behavioral and cognitive effects using measures selected for their potential relevance to DAT and the known effects of blockade of endogenous opiate systems. None of the measures of motor performance, attention, memory, learning, or recognition showed improvement with naloxone. Increased inappropriate verbal productions were noted after 0.1 mg/kg of naloxone hydrochloride. Patients became irritably activated after this dose, which may account for the altered verbal behavior in this study and also for some of the changes suggesting cognitive improvement in prior studies. Differences in the sensitivity and dose dependency of the behavioral effects in patients with DAT compared with prior studies in young normal subjects merit further investigation.
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325
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Tariot PN, Murphy DL, Sunderland T, Mueller EA, Cohen RM. Rapid antidepressant effect of addition of lithium to tranylcypromine. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1986; 6:165-7. [PMID: 3711366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A chronically depressed patient who had not responded to treatment with several tricyclic antidepressants and monoamine oxidase inhibitors alone, responded within hours following the addition of lithium to ongoing tranylcypromine treatment in a double-blind medication trial. The findings are discussed in the context of reports of lithium augmentation of other antidepressants.
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