[Possibilities and limits for palsied children in the general polytechnical school (author's transl)]

Some children with cerebral palsy attend the ten-form general polytechnical school. To this end, several prerequisites have to be fulfilled and other essential arrangements to be developed in cooperation with specially trained teachers. The learning conditions have to be fitted to the improving abilities of children during the educational process. Factors of influence and cooperation modes are discussed.

Aggregation of sponge cells. XX. Self-aggregation of the circular proteid particle

In the extracellular space of the tissue of the sponge Geodia cydonium, circular proteid particles are found which carry as subunits the aggregation factor and a series of glycosyltransferases. Using the technique of velocity sucrose gradient centrifugation, the sedimentation coefficient (S020,w) of the particle-monosomes was determined to be 90. By means of the Svedberg equation a molecular weight of 1.3 . 10(8) daltons could be estimated. The monosomes aggregate in the presence of Ca2+ to higher complexes via disomes, trisomes, and pentasomes. The complexes can be redissociated by dodecyl sulfate but not by EDTA. During the Ca2+-mediated self-aggregation, the particles lose their biological activity with respect to their aggregation promoting function.

[Mammography in the diagnosis and treatment of non-puerperal mastitis (author's transl)]

Circumscribed or diffuse non-puerperal mastitis is usually associated with local signs of inflammation. In two-thirds of these cases it is possible to demonstrate the radiological features of mastitis. Mammography is an important diagnostic procedure in the demonstration of acute mastitis and its differentiation from an inflammatory carcinoma; it is also valuable in the control of treatment. The success of intensive antibiotic therapy with recovery of normal appearances in the chest can be observed objectively by mammography. In distinguishing mastitis from an inflammatory carcinoma, radiological evidence of regression under the influence of antibiotics is evidence in favour of mastitis.

Aggregation of sponge cells. XIV. Possible substitution of calcium ions by polycations

Single cells from the siliceous sponge Geodia cydonium, obtained after chemical dissociation, reaggregate in the presence of the aggregation factor in Ca2+-containing medium to large aggregates. It was found that polyvalent organic cations (polylysine, spermine, spermidine, putrescine) enhance the Ca2+-mediated cell aggregation. In Ca2+-free medium these compounds also cause reaggregation; aggregates of a diameter up to 800 micron are formed within 120 min. Proteins, containing basic groups of amino acid residues have no influence on cell aggregation. Monovalent cations inhibit the reaggregation process. The enhancing effect of polyvalent organic cations on cell aggregation is dependent on the presence of the soluble aggregation factor. From the findings that polycations do not alter the duration of the lag phase (a characteristic of the aggregation factor-mediated Geodia cell reaggregation) and act in cooperation with the aggregation receptor, we assume that the polycations bind between the aggregation factor and the aggregation receptor.

A correlation between shortened life span and UV-sensitivity in some strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

From a UV-irradiated sample of diploid cells several clones were isolated, which produced cells with a shortened life span. A closer examination of three of these clones showed among other deviations from the wild type a higher sensitivity to UV-irradiation. Three other clones, which were selected from a haploid strains as UV-sensitive mutants, proved to be shortlived as well. In all these strains photoreactivation and liquid holding reactivation were unimpaired. There was no cross-sensitivity to X-irradiation. The correlation between shortened life span and UV-sensitivity is discussed.

Species-specific aggregation factor in sponges. VII. Its effect on cyclic amp and cyclic gmp metabolism in cells of Geodia cydonium

In dissociated single cells from the sponge Geodia cydonium, DNA synthesis is initiated after incubation with a homologous, soluble aggregation factor. During the DNA-initiation phase the cyclic AMP- and cyclic GMP levels vary drastically; the cyclic AMP content drops from 2.2 pmol/10(6) cells to 0.3 pmol/10(6) cells while the cyclic GMP content increases from 0.6 pmol to 3.7 pmol/10(6) cells. The activity of neither the adenylate cyclase nor of the guanylate cyclase isolated from cells which have been incubated for different periods of time with the aggregation factor, is changed. The soluble as well as the particulate enzyme activities were checked in vitro. The cyclic nucleotide receptors have been isolated from the sponge cells and characterized with respect to their molecular weight, dissociation constant for cyclic AMP or cyclic GMP and intracellular concentration. None of these parameters are altered during aggregation factor-mediated DNA initiation. From these data it is concluded that the regulation of cyclic nucleotide levels is a consequence of a changed activity of nucleotide cyclases or of phosphodiesterases, but this is presumably not caused by a changed rate of synthesis of nucleotide cyclases or of cyclic nucleotide receptors.