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Rizvi SAH, Naqvi SAA, Hashmi A, Akhtar F, Hussain M, Ahmed E, Zafar MN, Abbas Z, Jawad F, Sultan S, Hasan SM. Improving kidney and live donation rates in Asia: Living donation. Transplant Proc 2004; 36:1894-5. [PMID: 15518688 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2004.08.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Organ transplantation started with organs donated by living subjects. Increasing demands brought cadaveric organ donation. The brain-death law, mandatory for this procedure, is prevalent in all countries involved in organ transplantation except Pakistan. Spain is the leading country in cadaveric organ donation (32.5 pmp). Despite the sources of living and cadaveric organs, both heart-beating and non-heart-beating, the gap between the demand and supply has widened. An example is the United States, where the numbers of patients on the waiting list for kidney transplantation have risen from 30,000 in 1988 to more than 116,000 in 2001. This has caused a resurgence in living donors all over the world. These can be related, unrelated, spousal, marginal, or ABO-incompatible donors. Family apprehensions, medical care costs, and nonexistent social security can be barriers to this form of organ donation. Unrelated organ donation can open the doors to commercialism. To make this process more successful, transplantation should be made reachable by all sectors of the population. This is possible when transplantation is taken to the public sector institutions and financed jointly by the government and community. To increase living organ donation especially in Asian countries, which face barriers of low literacy rates, ignorance, and cultural and religious beliefs, more efforts are needed. Public awareness and education play an important role. Appreciation and supporting the donors is necessary and justified. It is a noble act and should be recognized by offering job security, health insurance, and free education for the donor's children.
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Smith DC, Bhandari M, Hussain M, Montie JE, Wood DP, Lee CT, Petrylak DP, Vaishampayan UN. Paclitaxel, carboplatin and gemcitabine (PCG) as neoadjuvant therapy in patients with locally advanced transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.4541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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303
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Hussain M, Faulkner J, Vaishampayan U, Lara P, Petrylak D, Colevas D, Sakr W, Crawford ED. Epothilone B (Epo-B) analogue BMS-247550 (NSC #710428) administered every 21 days in patients (pts) with hormone refractory prostate cancer (HRPC). A Southwest Oncology Group Study (S0111). J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.4510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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304
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Petrylak DP, Tangen C, Hussain M, Lara PN, Jones J, Talpin ME, Burch P, Greene G, Small E, Crawford ED. SWOG 99–16: Randomized phase III trial of docetaxel (D)/estramustine (E) versus mitoxantrone(M)/prednisone(p) in men with androgen-independent prostate cancer (AIPCA). J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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305
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Tripathi RR, Patel B, Heilbrun L, Hussain M, Flaherty L, Vaishampayan UN. Phase II study of interferon and thalidomide in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.4712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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306
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Worden FP, Moon J, Samlowski W, Clark J, Dakhil SR, Taylor SA, Urba SG, Hussain M. A phase II evaluation of a 3-hour infusion of paclitaxel (P), cisplatin (CDDP) & 5-fluorouracil (5FU) in patients with advanced or recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the head & neck (SCCHN): A Southwest Oncology Group Study. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.5512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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307
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Hussain M, Rynn L, Riordan C, Regan PJ. Nipple-areola reconstruction: outcome assessment. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLASTIC SURGERY 2003. [DOI: 10.1007/s00238-003-0566-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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308
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Vaishampayan UN, Do H, Hussain M, Schwartz K. Racial disparity in incidence patterns and outcome of kidney cancer. Urology 2003; 62:1012-7. [PMID: 14665346 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2003.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify the subgroups that primarily contribute to the greater incidence and mortality of renal cancer in black Americans compared with white Americans. METHODS We analyzed age, stage, and race-related differences in the incidence and survival among patients with renal cancer using the national Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry database. White and black patients with renal cell carcinoma who were older than 19 years of age and had been diagnosed between 1975 and 1998 were included. Incidence trends were analyzed by joinpoint regression with the statistical significance level at P <0.05. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine the overall survival of patients with renal cell carcinoma by race (white versus black), age (20 to 59 versus 60+ years), and stage (local versus regional/distant). RESULTS Localized disease predominantly accounted for the rise in incidence. Both black age groups with localized disease had a greater estimated annual percentage of incidence increase (4.46% for 20 to 59 years and 4.35% for 60+ years) compared with their white counterparts (2.87% and 3.06%, respectively). The magnitude of survival difference was largest between black versus white patients younger than 60 years of age who had local stage disease, with a median survival time of 190 and 259 months, respectively (P <0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Young black patients with localized renal cancer appear to have had a greater rise in incidence and a poorer outcome than white patients of the same age and disease stage. Additional investigation is warranted to define the role of these race, stage, and age-related disparities in the etiology, prognosis, treatment, and follow-up of kidney cancer.
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309
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Hussain M, Varley RJ, Zenka M, Simon GP. Synthesis, thermal behavior, and cone calorimetry of organophosphorus epoxy materials. J Appl Polym Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/app.12983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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310
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Mansoor S, Briddon RW, Bull SE, Bedford ID, Bashir A, Hussain M, Saeed M, Zafar Y, Malik KA, Fauquet C, Markham PG. Cotton leaf curl disease is associated with multiple monopartite begomoviruses supported by single DNA beta. Arch Virol 2003; 148:1969-86. [PMID: 14551819 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-003-0149-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
For bipartite begomoviruses (family Geminiviridae) trans-replication of the DNA B component by the DNA A-encoded replication-associated protein (Rep) is achieved by virtue of a shared sequence, the "common region", which contains repeated motifs (iterons) which are sequence-specific Rep binding sites and form part of the origin of replication. Recently cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD), a major constraint to cotton production on the Indian subcontinent, has been shown to be caused by a monopartite begomovirus ( Cotton leaf curl Multan virus [CLCuMV]) and a novel single-stranded DNA satellite molecule termed CLCuD DNA beta. The satellite molecule is trans-replicated by CLCuMV but does not possess the iteron sequences of this virus. We have investigated the ability of CLCuD DNA beta to interact with three further clones of monopartite begomoviruses, isolated from cotton, that have distinct Rep binding specificities. All three cloned viruses were capable of trans-replicating the satellite molecule and inducing CLCuD symptoms in cotton, indicating that the interaction between begomovirus and DNA beta is relaxed in comparison to the interaction between DNA A and DNA B components. Field surveys across all the cotton growing regions of Pakistan indicate that dual and multiple infections are the norm for CLCuD with no evidence of synergism. Despite the diversity of begomoviruses associated with CLCuD, only a single class of DNA beta has been detected, suggesting that this satellite has the capacity to be recruited by unrelated begomoviruses.
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311
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Hussain M, Riordan C. Lipoma of the finger--a case report. ACTA CHIRURGIAE PLASTICAE 2003; 45:16-7. [PMID: 12797686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
A rare case of a lipoma occurring in the little finger of a 48-year-old woman is described. The presentation and clinical relevance of this and other lipomas occurring in the fingers are discussed.
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312
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Hussain M, Hamid R, Arya M, Peters JL, Kellett MJ, Philip T. Management of colonic injury following percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Int J Clin Pract 2003; 57:549-50. [PMID: 12918899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Injury to the colon during percutaneous nephrolithotomy is rare. There are no definitive management guidelines for this injury. We report a case of left-sided colonic injury diagnosed following percutaneous nephrolithotomy and suggest a treatment algorithm.
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313
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Bellmunt J, Hussain M, Dinney CP. Novel approaches with targeted therapies in bladder cancer. Therapy of bladder cancer by blockade of the epidermal growth factor receptor family. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2003; 46 Suppl:S85-104. [PMID: 12850530 DOI: 10.1016/s1040-8428(03)00067-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The improved understanding of the molecular biology of urothelial malignancies is helping to define the role of new targets and prognostic indices that can direct the most appropriate choice of treatment for advanced disease. Many human tumors express high levels of growth factors and their receptors that can be used as potential therapeutical targets. Tyrosine-kinase receptors, including many growth factor receptors such the receptors for epidermal growth factor (EGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and Her2/neu, have been found overexpressed in urothelial tumors. For many of these growth factor receptors, the degree of expression has been associated with the progression of cancer and a poor prognosis. Among the best studied growth factor receptors are the two members of EGF receptor familiy EGFr (ErbB-1), and Her2/neu (ErbB-2). Several preclinical studies in bladder cancer models, have confirmed that systemic administration of growth factor inhibitors inhibits the growth and metastasis of human transitional cell carcinoma established in the bladder wall of athymic nude mice. Additional studies indicate that therapy with EGFR inhibitors enhances the activity of conventional cytoreductive chemotherapeutic agents, in part by inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and inducing apoptosis. Novel targeted therapy hold promise to improve the current results of bladder cancer treatment. Based on the success seen with anti-HER2 monoclonal antibodies (Herceptin) and the promising results with EGFR targeted agents (IMC-C225 Cetuximab, ZD1389 Iressa, OSI-774 Tarceva, GW 57016) in other tumor types, and based on the results obtained in preclinical models, there is a great interest in assessing these agents in patients with bladder cancer. Several trials are now ongoing testing these new agents alone or in combination with chemotherapy in bladder cancer patients. The integration of these newer biologic agents, probably to supplement rather than to supplant chemotherapeutic drugs, should be a primary direction of research with the objective to interfere with multiple aspects of bladder cancer progression. However, the value of integration of biologically targeted agents into combined modality treatment for patients with bladder cancer has still to be proven.
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314
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Hussain M, Hussain MT, Rama NH, Hameed S, Malik A, Khan KM. Synthesis and antimicrobial activities of some isocoumarin and dihydroisocoumarin derivatives. Nat Prod Res 2003; 17:207-14. [PMID: 12737406 DOI: 10.1080/1057563021000040826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A new series of the isocoumarin derivatives of ibuprofen, fluribiprofen, naproxen, valproic acid and 1-naphthoic acid have been synthesized via condensation of homophthalic acid with their respective acid chlorides. The conversion of the latter two isocoumarins into (dl)-3,4-dihydroisocoumarins has also been achieved. Most of the synthesized compounds showed antifungal and antibacterial activities.
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315
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Rizvi SA, Naqvi SA, Hussain Z, Hashmi A, Hussain M, Zafar MN, Sultan S, Mehdi H. Management of pediatric urolithiasis in Pakistan: experience with 1,440 children. J Urol 2003; 169:634-7. [PMID: 12544331 DOI: 10.1097/01.ju.0000041402.50707.c0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We evaluated the efficacy and safety of different modalities for pediatric urolithiasis in a developing country in 2 eras, namely before and after the advent of minimally invasive surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the records of 1,440 children younger than 14 years treated with various modalities during a 14-year period. From 1987 to 1995, 486 and 50 patients were treated with open surgery, and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL, Dornier Medical Systems, Inc., Marietta, Georgia) and minimally invasive methods, respectively. Between 1996 and 2000, 518 and 386 children were treated with surgery and minimally invasive methods, respectively. RESULTS Of the 1,440 children 795 (55.2%) had renal, 198 (13.8%) had ureteral and 447 (31%) had bladder calculi. Of the renal stones 556 (70%), 177 (22%) and 62 (7.8%) were treated with open surgery, ESWL and percutaneous nephrolithotomy, respectively. Of the ureteral calculi 85 (43%), 37 (18.6%) and 76 (38%) were managed by ESWL, ureterorenoscopy and open surgery, respectively. Of the bladder calculi 307 (68%), 77 (17.2%) and 63 (14%) were treated with open vesicolithotomy, transurethral pneumatic cystolithotripsy and ESWL, respectively. The renal stone clearance rate was 98% after open surgery, 84% after ESWL and 68% after percutaneous nephrolithotomy monotherapy at 3 months of followup. Similarly the ureteral stone-free rate was 54% after ESWL and 86.9% after ureterorenoscopy. Of the patients with bladder calculi 48% and 93% become stone-free after ESWL and transurethral pneumatic cystolithotripsy, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The use of ESWL, percutaneous nephrolithotomy and ureterorenoscopy has resulted in treating a large number of children with a short hospital stay and early return to school. Open surgery is reserved only for complex stones.
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316
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Hussain M, Iqbal J, Anwar K. 2P-0459 Cholesterol transport across the intestinal epithelial cells. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(03)90601-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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317
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Hussain M, Varley RJ, Mathys Z, Cheng YB, Simon GP. Effect of organo-phosphorus and nano-clay materials on the thermal and fire performance of epoxy resins. J Appl Polym Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/app.13267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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318
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Hussain M, Earley MJ. The incidence of incomplete excision in surgically treated basal cell carcinoma: a retrospective clinical audit. IRISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 2003; 96:18-20. [PMID: 12617437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
BCC is the commonest of the malignant skin tumours and the complete resection is the key to successful outcome with the cure rate of the order of 95%. Incomplete excisions are associated with high rate of recurrence. We designed our study to quantify the incidence of incomplete excision and its association with the subsequent recurrence of the tumour and also to identify any variables that might affect it. Case notes of 118 patients who had 126 BCCs excised between January 1995 and December 1995 in the Mater Hospital were studied retrospectively. 10 lesions showed incomplete excision on histology.
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319
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Astbury A, Hattersley PM, Hussain M, Kemp MAR, Muirhead H, Woodhead T. The Depolarization of Negative Muons in Light Elements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1088/0370-1328/78/6/305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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320
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321
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Haque MF, Hussain M, Sarkar A, Hoque MM, Ara FA, Sultana S. Breast-feeding counselling and its effect on the prevalence of exclusive breast-feeding. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2002; 20:312-6. [PMID: 12659411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
This prospective intervention study was undertaken to assess the impact of repeated breast-feeding counselling on the rate of exclusive breast-feeding up to five months. The study was carried out in two breast-feeding counselling sub-centres, established at the community level in the vicinity of two maternity facilities and one main centre established in an urban children hospital. Eighty-four pregnant mothers who attended the maternity facilities for delivery of babies were randomly selected and repeatedly counselled regarding breast-feeding--once just before delivery and subsequently at the completion of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, and 12 month(s) of age of the child. These child-mother pairs comprised the intervention group. Another group of 90 child-mother pairs was selected from the maternity facilities. Mothers in this group (comparison group) received a single session of breast-feeding counselling just before delivery of babies. Fifty-nine and 55 child-mother pairs in the intervention and the comparison groups respectively completed the one-year follow-up. In the intervention group, 54.2% and in the comparison group 36.4% of the babies were exclusively breastfed up to five months of age. Forty-two (88%) children in the intervention group and 29 (53%) in the comparison group were given complementary foods at the optimum time, e.g. after completion of five months, and 81% of the children in the intervention group and 100% of the children in the comparison group were given complementary foods in the first year of life. It was observed that repeated organized breast-feeding counselling significantly improved the prevalence of exclusive breast-feeding to 54% which is much above the existing national prevalence (12.7%) in Bangladesh.
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322
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Rizvi SAH, Naqvi SAA, Hussain Z, Hashmi A, Akhtar F, Hussain M, Ahmed E, Zafar MN, Muzaffar R, Hafiz S. Emerging challenges in transplantation in developing countries. Transplant Proc 2002; 34:3146-9. [PMID: 12493403 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(02)03680-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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323
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Rizvi SAH, Naqvi SAA, Hussain Z, Hashmi A, Hussain M, Zafar MN, Sultan S, Mehdi H. Pediatric urolithiasis: developing nation perspectives. J Urol 2002; 168:1522-5. [PMID: 12352448 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(05)64509-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We evaluated epidemiology, etiology, dietary and urinary risk factors, and the composition of calculi in pediatric stone formers in Pakistan. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study includes 1,440 children treated between 1987 and 2000. Case records were reviewed for demographics, etiology and clinical symptoms. Dietary and urinary risk factors were analyzed prospectively in idiopathic stone formers. Stone composition was analyzed by infrared spectroscopy. RESULTS There were 1,075 males and 365 females for a male-to-female ratio of 3:1. The peak age for renal and bladder stones was 6 to 10 and 1 to 5 years, respectively. Overall 795 stones (55%) were renal, 198 (14%) were ureteral and 447 (31%) were vesical. Bladder stones were present in 60% of cases in the mid 1980s but decreased to 15% in the mid 1990s. The clinical symptoms were abdominal pain in 511 patients (51%) and fever in 193 (19.5%). There were anatomical abnormalities in 96 patients (12%), metabolic abnormalities in 206 (25%), infection stones in 60 (7%) and idiopathic stones in 444 (55%). Urinary analysis in idiopathic stone formers revealed hypercalciuria in 17 (11%), hyperoxaluria in 62 (40%), hyperuricosuria in 41 (27%) and hypocitruria in 97 (63%). Diet involved a low intake of protein in 60 cases (44%), calcium in 45 (33%), potassium in 105 (77%) and high oxalate in 75 (55%). The composition was calcium oxalate in 362 stones (47%), ammonium hydrogen urate in 210 (27%) and struvite in 49 (6.4%). Stones recurred in 30 patients (2%). CONCLUSIONS The pattern of calculous disease changed from a predominantly lower tract site in the mid 1980s to the upper tract in the mid 1990s. Stone composition, urinary risk factors and dietary analysis suggest that diet, dehydration and poor nutrition are the main causative factors of stone disease.
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324
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Rizvi SAH, Naqvi SAA, Hussain Z, Hashmi A, Hussain M, Zafar MN, Sultan S, Mehdi H. Pediatric urolithiasis: developing nation perspectives. J Urol 2002; 168:1522-5. [PMID: 12352448 DOI: 10.1097/01.ju.0000028601.63446.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We evaluated epidemiology, etiology, dietary and urinary risk factors, and the composition of calculi in pediatric stone formers in Pakistan. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study includes 1,440 children treated between 1987 and 2000. Case records were reviewed for demographics, etiology and clinical symptoms. Dietary and urinary risk factors were analyzed prospectively in idiopathic stone formers. Stone composition was analyzed by infrared spectroscopy. RESULTS There were 1,075 males and 365 females for a male-to-female ratio of 3:1. The peak age for renal and bladder stones was 6 to 10 and 1 to 5 years, respectively. Overall 795 stones (55%) were renal, 198 (14%) were ureteral and 447 (31%) were vesical. Bladder stones were present in 60% of cases in the mid 1980s but decreased to 15% in the mid 1990s. The clinical symptoms were abdominal pain in 511 patients (51%) and fever in 193 (19.5%). There were anatomical abnormalities in 96 patients (12%), metabolic abnormalities in 206 (25%), infection stones in 60 (7%) and idiopathic stones in 444 (55%). Urinary analysis in idiopathic stone formers revealed hypercalciuria in 17 (11%), hyperoxaluria in 62 (40%), hyperuricosuria in 41 (27%) and hypocitruria in 97 (63%). Diet involved a low intake of protein in 60 cases (44%), calcium in 45 (33%), potassium in 105 (77%) and high oxalate in 75 (55%). The composition was calcium oxalate in 362 stones (47%), ammonium hydrogen urate in 210 (27%) and struvite in 49 (6.4%). Stones recurred in 30 patients (2%). CONCLUSIONS The pattern of calculous disease changed from a predominantly lower tract site in the mid 1980s to the upper tract in the mid 1990s. Stone composition, urinary risk factors and dietary analysis suggest that diet, dehydration and poor nutrition are the main causative factors of stone disease.
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325
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Walker PM, Hussain M, Humphrey CS. Experience with sentinel node localisation in a district general hospital breast unit. Breast 2002; 11:343-5. [PMID: 14965692 DOI: 10.1054/brst.2002.0446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2001] [Accepted: 04/16/2002] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraoperative lymphatic mapping with identification of the first draining lymph node (sentinel node) is under investigation as a possible sole axillary staging procedure in breast cancer patients. The role of sentinel node biopsy in the district general hospital breast unit is currently unclear. We report a series of 122 patients undergoing sentinel node biopsy, using a blue dye technique. The sentinel node was identified in 113 patients, and accurately predicted the status of the axilla in 108 patients (96%). Of 39 patients who were node positive, the sentinel node was the only positive node in 11 cases (26%). There were five false negatives in patients who had a node-positive axilla. We therefore suggest that sentinel node biopsy may be a feasible alternative to formal axillary dissection in certain patients, and that lack of access to radioisotope facilities in a district general hospital need not preclude such an approach.
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