Leiomyoma of the Round Ligament of the Uterus: Case report and review of literature

Smooth muscle tumours of the round ligament of the uterus are rare and can mimic an inguinal hernia. Preoperative diagnosis can be established by a computed tomography scan of the abdomen or an exploration of the inguinal canal. Surgical excision is the curative treatment.

6-Bromo-4-(2-cyclohexylidenehydrazin-1-ylidene)-1-methyl-2,2-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-2λ6,1-benzothiazine

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C₁₅H₁₈BrN₃O₂S, contains two independent mol­ecules in both of which the (thia­zine)C=N—N double bond exhibits an E conformation. The cyclo­hexyl rings adopt chair conformations while the thia­zine rings are in sofa conformations. The mean planes of these rings are oriented at dihedral angles of 64.43 (13) and 28.6 (2)° in the two independent mol­ecules while the aromatic and thia­zine rings are twisted by dihedral angles of 8.73 (8) and 13.07 (2)°, respectively. In the crystal, C—H⋯O and C—H⋯Br inter­actions connect mol­ecules into chains propagating along the a axis.

1-Methyl-4-[1-(1-phenylethylidene)-hydrazin-2-ylidene]-3,4-dihydro-1H-2λ6,1-benzothiazine-2,2-dione

In the title compound, C₁₇H₁₇N₃O₂S, the phenyl ring is oriented at dihedral angles of 8.5 (2) and 1.17 (14)°, respectively, to the C=N—N plane and the fused aromatic ring. The thia­zine ring adopts an envelope conformation with the S atom at the flap. In the crystal, a weak C—H⋯O inter­action connects the mol­ecules, forming a helical chain along the a axis.

4-[2-(Anthracen-9-yl-methyl-idene)hydrazinyl-idene]-3-chloro-1-methyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-2λ(6),1-benzothia-zine-2,2-dione

In the title compound, C(24)H(18)ClN(3)O(2)S, the dihedral angle between the benzene ring and the anthracene ring system is 41.10 (8)°. The thia-zine ring has a half-chair conformation and the Cl atom is in an axial orientation. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by C-H⋯O inter-actions, generating C(8) chains along [100]. A C-H⋯N short contact occurs in the mol-ecule, generating an S(6) ring.

rac-(3S,4Z)-3-Chloro-4-[2-(3-fluorobenzylidene)hydrazinylidene]-1-methyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-2λ6,1-benzothiazine-2,2-dione

In the title compound, C₁₆H₁₃ClFN₃O₂S, the dihedral angle between the benzene rings is 4.47 (3)°. The conformation of the thia­zine ring is a half-chair and the Cl atom is in an axial orientation. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by C—H⋯F inter­actions, generating C(12) chains propagating in [011]. Aromatic π–π stacking inter­actions [centroid–centroid separations = 3.753 (2) and 3.758 (2) Å] also occur.

A triclinic polymorph of N-[4-(4-methyl-benzene-sulfonamido)-phenyl-sulfon-yl]acetamide

In the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C₁₅H₁₆N₂O₅S₂, there are two symmetry-independent mol­ecules which adopt similar conformations, with dihedral angles between the aromatic rings of 59.30 (8) and 61.81 (8)°, and dihedral angles between acetamide group and the benzene ring of 77.08 (10) and 78.40 (10)°. Each type of mol­ecule forms similar one-dimensional polymeric structures extending along the b axis via N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. These hydrogen bonds generate two types of centrosymmetric motifs, R₂²(8) and R₂²(20). Moreover C—H⋯O inter­actions assemble the mol­ecules into a three-dimensional framework. The crystal structure was determined from a non-merohedral twin [ratio of the twin components = 0.322 (4):0.678 (4)].

2-{(E)-[(2Z)-(3-Chloro-1-methyl-2,2-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-2,1-benzothiazin-4-ylidene)hydrazinylidene]methyl}phenol

In the title compound, C₁₆H₁₄ClN₃O₃S, the thia­zine ring adopts a sofa (half-chair) conformation, with an r.m.s. deviation from the mean plane of 0.23 Å. The S atom and S-bonded C atom exhibit the maximum deviations from the thia­zine mean plane [−0.3976 (12) and 0.3179 (14) Å, respectively]. The conformations around the double bonds in the R₂C=N—N=CHR unit are Z and E. An intra­molecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bond with the hy­droxy group as donor generates an S(6) ring motif. In the crystal, pairs of weak C—H⋯O inter­actions connect the mol­ecules, forming inversion dimers.

U-Model Based 2DoF Multi-Variable IMC for Improved Input-Disturbance Rejection: A Case Study on a 2-Link Robot Manipulator

A 2-degree-of-freedom internal model control strategy based on U-model is presented for an unknown multivariable nonlinear systems. The proposed algorithm focuses the case where the noise is added at the input of the system and makes use of a local disturbance rejector. The unknown multivariable nonlinear system is identified by the control oriented U-model and the inverse controller is established using Newton-Raphson method. The proposed algorithm is tested in real-time on a 2-link robot manipulator.

6-Bromo-1-methyl-4-[2-(4-methylbenzylidene)hydrazinylidene]-3H-2λ6,1-benzothiazine-2,2-dione

In the title compound, C₁₇H₁₆BrN₃O₂S, the two fused rings are twisted by a dihedral angle of 6.61 (15)°. The thia­zine ring adopts a sofa conformation. The toluene ring is oriented at dihedral angles of 15.5 (2) and 20.6 (2)° with respect to the bromo­benzene and thia­zine rings, respectively. The benzyl­idene system is approximately planar [r.m.s. deviation = 0.0388 Å]. In the cyrstal, weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds connects the mol­ecules into a chain along the b axis.

4-Hydrazinyl-idene-1-methyl-3H-2λ,1-benzothia-zine-2,2-dione

In the title compound, C₉H₁₁N₃O₂S, the thia­zine ring adopts a half-chair conformation. In the crystal structure N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds connect two mol­ecules into a centrosymmetric dimer, forming an R₂²(6) ring motif. These dimers are further connected into chains by N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

6-Bromo-4-hydrazinyl-idene-1-methyl-3H-2λ,1-benzothia-zine-2,2-dione

In the title mol­ecule, C₉H₁₀BrN₃O₂S, the thia­zine ring has an envelope conformation with the S atom at the flap. The geometry around the S atom is distorted tetra­hedral. In the crystal, inversion dimers linked by pairs of N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds occur, generating R₂²(6) ring motifs. N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and C—H⋯O inter­actions connect the dimers, forming a three-dimentional network structure.

Methyl 2-benzyl-4-hy-droxy-1,1-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetra-hydro-1λ,2-benzothia-zine-3-carboxyl-ate

In the title compound, C(17)H(15)NO(5)S, the benzene ring of the fused-ring system is twisted by 11.67 (6)° with respect to the thia-zine ring. The atoms of the four-atom methyl ester group and the phenyl ring of the benzyl unit are inclined at 16.50 (7) and 44.52 (3)° with respect to the thia-zine ring. An intra-molecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bond gives rise to a six-membered S(6) ring motif. In the crystal, mol-ecules are extended through a C-H⋯O inter-action along the a axis. C-H⋯π inter-actions are also observed.

2-Chloro-4-(2-iodo-benzene-sulfonamido)-benzoic acid

In the title compound, C(13)H(9)ClINO(4)S, the dihedral angle between the aromatic rings is 81.04 (17)°. The disposition of the I and Cl atoms attached to the two rings is anti. In the crystal, mol-ecules are connected via O-H⋯O and N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

Pepper leaf curl Lahore virus requires the DNA B component of Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus to cause leaf curl symptoms

BACKGROUND

Begomoviruses are whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses with genomes that consist of either two components (known as DNA A and DNA B) or a single component (homologous to the DNA A component of bipartite begomoviruses). Monopartite begomoviruses are often associated with a symptom-modulating DNA satellite (collectively known as betasatellites). Both bipartite and monopartite begomoviruses with associated satellites have previously been identified in chillies showing leaf curl symptoms in Pakistan.

RESULTS

A chilli plant (Capsicum annum) with chilli leaf curl disease symptoms was found to contain a begomovirus, a betasatellite and the DNA B component of Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV). The begomovirus consisted of 2747 nucleotides and had the highest sequence identity (99%) with Pepper leaf curl Lahore virus (PepLCLV-[PK: Lah:04], acc. no. AM404179). Agrobacterium-mediated inoculation of the clone to Nicotiana benthamiana, induced very mild symptoms and low levels of viral DNA, detected in systemically infected leaves by PCR. No symptoms were induced in Nicotiana tabacum or chillies either in the presence or absence of a betasatellite. However, inoculation of PepLCLV with the DNA B component of ToLCNDV induced leaf curl symptoms in N. benthamiana, N. tabacum and chillies and viral DNA accumulated to higher levels in comparison to plants infected with just PepLCLV.

CONCLUSIONS

Based on our previous efforts aimed at understanding of diversity of begomoviruses associated with chillies, we propose that PepLCLV was recently mobilized into chillies upon its interaction with DNA B of ToLCNDV. Interestingly, the putative rep-binding iterons found on PepLCLV (GGGGAC) differ at two base positions from those of ToLCNDV (GGTGTC). This is the first experimental demonstration of the infectivity for a bipartite begomovirus causing chilli leaf curl disease in chillies from Pakistan and suggests that component capture is contributing to the emerging complexity of begomovirus diseases in the region.

3-[4-(Acetamido)-benzene-sulfonamido]-benzoic acid

In the title compound, C₁₅H₁₄N₂O₅S, the dihedral angle between the aromatic rings is 63.20 (11) Å. The crystal structure displays classical inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonding typical for carb­oxy­lic acids, forming centrosymmetric dimers. These dimers are further connected by N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds to form an extended network.

3,3,6-Tribromo-1-methyl-1H-2,1-benzo-thia-zin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide

In the title compound, C₉H₆Br₃NO₃S, a halogenated benzothia­zine derivative, the thia­zine ring adopts a sofa conformation. The crystal studied was a racemic twin with a contribution of 72 (1)% of the major domain.