3276
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Yang X, Wang H, Wen L. From myelin debris to inflammatory responses: A vicious circle in diffuse axonal injury. Med Hypotheses 2011; 77:60-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2011.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Revised: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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3277
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Michelow W, Talany G, O'Brien N, Wang H, Forrest J, Palmer A, Montaner JSG, Hogg R. P1-S2.62 Factors associated with high-risk penetrative sex in a cohort of treatment experienced HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) in British Columbia. Br J Vener Dis 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2011-050108.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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3278
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Chen D, Gu B, Pan S, Wang H, Yan Z, Zhao C, Liu G. OL-039 Can Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA be detected in plasma/serum samples from tuberculosis patients? Int J Infect Dis 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1201-9712(11)60099-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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3279
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Hua H, Zhang R, Yu S, Wang H, Zhao Y, Yu S, Li W. Tissue-type plasminogen activator depletion affects the nasal mucosa matrix reconstruction in allergic rhinitis mice. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2011; 39:206-11. [PMID: 21339035 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2010.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2010] [Revised: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study was designed to assess the function of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) expression in allergic rhinitis. METHODS Age-matched t-PA gene knock out (t-PA(-/-)) and wild type (WT) mice were sensitised four times, and then challenged for six weeks with ovalbumin. The controls were treated with saline instead of ovalbumin. The structural change in the nasal mucosa was investigated with haematoxylin and eosin stain and van Gieson staining. u-PA (urokinase-type plasminogen activator) and PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor) gene expression were measured by real time PCR. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression was tested with Western blotting and with real time PCR. RESULTS After ovalbumin challenge for six weeks, compared with the WT group, t-PA depletion increased collagen deposition and gland hyperplasia. u-PA and PAI-1 gene expression increased both in t-PA(-/-) and in WT mice after ovalbumin treatment. MMP-9 expression decreased greatly after ovalbumin challenge in t-PA(-/-) mice. CONCLUSION t-PA affects the nasal mucosa matrix reconstruction process in allergic rhinitis, with which MMP-9 is involved.
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MESH Headings
- Airway Remodeling
- Allergens/immunology
- Animals
- Disease Models, Animal
- Extracellular Matrix/metabolism
- Extracellular Matrix/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Hyperplasia
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/genetics
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Nasal Mucosa/immunology
- Nasal Mucosa/metabolism
- Nasal Mucosa/pathology
- Ovalbumin/administration & dosage
- Ovalbumin/immunology
- Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1/genetics
- Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1/metabolism
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/chemically induced
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/genetics
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/metabolism
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/physiopathology
- Tissue Plasminogen Activator/genetics
- Tissue Plasminogen Activator/metabolism
- Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator/genetics
- Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator/metabolism
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3280
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Xiao L, Shu C, Tang J, Wang H, Liu Z, Wang G. Effects of different CMS on behaviors, BDNF/CREB/Bcl-2 expression in rat hippocampus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomag.2010.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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3281
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Wang H, Wu Z, Chen Y, Yang C, Shi D. Effects of salt and alkali stresses on growth and ion balance in rice (Oryza sativa L.). PLANT, SOIL AND ENVIRONMENT 2011; 57:286-294. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.17221/36/2011-pse] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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3282
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Wang H, Necheles J, Birne JS, Li Z, Xing H, Tang G, Christoffel KK, Brickman WJ, Zimmerman D, Wang X. Association of adipokines with blood pressure in rural Chinese adolescents. J Hum Hypertens 2011; 26:493-501. [PMID: 21716317 DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2011.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has demonstrated that adipokines influence blood pressure (BP). Limited data exist in healthy adolescents, who are in a critical period for preventing the development of high BP. This study investigated the association of leptin, adiponectin and the leptin-to-adiponectin ratio (LAR) with BP in rural Chinese adolescents. This report included 1245 adolescents (average body mass index: 19.3 kg m(-2)) aged 13-21 years from an established twin cohort. We examined gender-specific associations between plasma adipokines and BP, with adjustment for measures of adiposity and insulin resistance (IR). We estimated the genetic contribution to adipokines using the twin design and Cholesky decomposition models. There was no correlation between leptin and adiponectin levels. Leptin was positively associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP) in males and diastolic blood pressure in females, but the association disappeared after adjusting for adiposity and IR. LAR was positively associated with SBP (β(s.e.): 1.94(0.45)), P<0.01), adiponectin was negatively associated with SBP (β(s.e.): -2.18(0.63)), P<0.001) only in males, and such associations were independent of adiposity and IR. A test of gender × adiponectin interaction was significant (P=0.01). Heritability estimation showed that both environmental and genetic factors contribute to variance in adipokines. In these relatively lean Chinese adolescents, leptin was positively associated with BP in both genders, but was adiposity/IR dependent. Adiponectin was negatively associated with SBP in males, independent of adiposity/IR.
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3283
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Wang H, Murphy R, Taaffe D, Yin S, Xia L, Hauswirth WW, Bance M, Robertson GS, Wang J. Efficient cochlear gene transfection in guinea-pigs with adeno-associated viral vectors by partial digestion of round window membrane. Gene Ther 2011. [PMID: 21697953 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2011.91gt201191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The auditory portion of the inner ear, the cochlea, is an ideal organ for local gene transfection owing to its relative isolation. Various carriers have been tested for cochlear gene transfection. To date, viral vectors appear to have much higher transfection efficacy than non-viral mechanisms. Among these vectors, recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors have several advantages such as being non-pathogenic and the ability to produce prolonged gene expression in various cell types. However, rAAV vectors cannot pass through the intact round window membrane (RWM), otherwise a very attractive approach to access the human inner ear. In this study, performed in guinea-pigs, we describe a method to increase the permeability of RWM to rAAV vectors by partial digestion with collagenase solution. Elevated delivery of rAAV across the partially digested RWM increased transfection efficacy to a satisfactory level, even though it was still lower than that achieved by direct cochleostomy injection. Functional tests (auditory brainstem responses) showed that this enzymatic manipulation did not cause permanent hearing loss if applied appropriately. Morphological observations suggested that the damage to RWM caused by partial digestion healed within four weeks. Taken together, these findings suggest that partial digestion of the RWM is a safe and effective method for increasing the transfection of cochlear sensory cells with rAAV.
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3284
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Zhou DX, Huang XC, Wang XF, Zhang J, Wang H, Tian Z. Association study of human leucocyte antigen-A gene with idiopathic male infertility in Han population of China. Andrologia 2011; 44 Suppl 1:213-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2011.01166.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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3285
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Yang Y, Wang H, Dou Y, Wang Y, Han G, Wang R, Wang L, Guo R, Xiao H, Li X, Shen B, Shi Y, Chen G, Li Y. Colitogenic role of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) receptors in trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid colitis: TNF-R1 ablation does not affect systemic inflammatory response. Clin Exp Immunol 2011; 165:372-82. [PMID: 21668898 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2011.04413.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of T helper type 1-mediated colitis such as Crohn's disease. However, the roles of its two receptors in mediating pathology remain largely unknown. In this study, trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS) was used to induce colitis in TNF-receptor single or double knock-out (DKO) BALB/c mice and in wild-type counterparts. TNF-R1(-/-) mice had significantly less weight loss, reduced mortality, colon shortening and oedema, colon histological damage and lower levels of colon myeloperoxidase compared with wild-type (WT) BALB/c mice. A similar manifestation was also observed in TNF-R2(-/-) and TNF-R1(-/-) TNF-R2(-/-) (TNF-R DKO) mice. Strikingly, systemic inflammatory response (including splenomegaly and monocyte expansion) was found in WT and TNF-R1(-/-) mice after TNBS, instead of TNF-R2(-/-) and TNF-R DKO mice. Attenuated pathology of colitis in TNF-R1(-/-) or TNF-R2(-/-) mice correlated with lower amounts of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, IL-12p70 and interferon (IFN)-γ production in the colons. Importantly, ablation of TNF-R1 or TNF-R2 reduced the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end-labelling (TUNEL)-positive apoptotic epithelial cells in the affected colons compared with WT TNBS-instilled controls, which might be due to the heightened ratio of Bcl-2/Bax and reduced activity of nuclear factor (NF)-κB. These findings suggest that either TNF-R1 or TNF-R2 plays a pathogenic role in the pathology of colitis and TNF signalling via TNF-R1 or TNF-R2 alone is not sufficient for inducing mucosal damage.
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3286
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Wang H, Weaver JB, Perreard II, Doyley MM, Paulsen KD. A three-dimensional quality-guided phase unwrapping method for MR elastography. Phys Med Biol 2011; 56:3935-52. [PMID: 21666289 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/56/13/012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) uses accumulated phases that are acquired at multiple, uniformly spaced relative phase offsets, to estimate harmonic motion information. Heavily wrapped phase occurs when the motion is large and unwrapping procedures are necessary to estimate the displacements required by MRE. Two unwrapping methods were developed and compared in this paper. The first method is a sequentially applied approach. The three-dimensional MRE phase image block for each slice was processed by two-dimensional unwrapping followed by a one-dimensional phase unwrapping approach along the phase-offset direction. This unwrapping approach generally works well for low noise data. However, there are still cases where the two-dimensional unwrapping method fails when noise is high. In this case, the baseline of the corrupted regions within an unwrapped image will not be consistent. Instead of separating the two-dimensional and one-dimensional unwrapping in a sequential approach, an interleaved three-dimensional quality-guided unwrapping method was developed to combine both the two-dimensional phase image continuity and one-dimensional harmonic motion information. The quality of one-dimensional harmonic motion unwrapping was used to guide the three-dimensional unwrapping procedures and it resulted in stronger guidance than in the sequential method. In this work, in vivo results generated by the two methods were compared.
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3287
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Zhang R, Wang H, Tian YY, Yu X, Hu T, Dummer PMH. Use of cone-beam computed tomography to evaluate root and canal morphology of mandibular molars in Chinese individuals. Int Endod J 2011; 44:990-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2011.01904.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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3288
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Qian J, Yao K, Xue L, Xie G, Zheng Y, Wang C, Shang Y, Wang H, Wan L, Liu L, Li C, Ji W, Wang Y, Xu P, Yu S, Tang YW, Yang Y. Diversity of pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) and relation to sequence typing in Streptococcus pneumoniae causing invasive disease in Chinese children. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2011; 31:217-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s10096-011-1296-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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3289
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Wang H, Cao Y. MO-F-211-05: GPU Computation for Voxelwise Kinetic Modeling of Hepatic Perfusion. Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3613036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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3290
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Wang H, Wang C, Wong P, Martel M, Chung H, Tung S. SU-E-T-456: Comparison of Dosimetric Effect of Translational Setup Errors for Total Scalp Irradiation Using Conventional Photon-Electron Combination, IMRT and VMAT Techniques. Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3612410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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3291
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Lamsal BP, Wang H, Johnson LA. Effect of corn preparation methods on dry-grind ethanol production by granular starch hydrolysis and partitioning of spent beer solids. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:6680-6686. [PMID: 21511468 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Revised: 03/13/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Two corn preparation methods, rollermill flaking and hammermill grinding, were compared for efficient processing of corn into ethanol by granular starch hydrolysis and simultaneous fermentation by yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Corn was either ground in a hammermill with different size screens or crushed in a smooth-surfaced rollermill at different roller gap settings. The partitioning of beer solids and size distribution of solids in the thin stillage were compared. The mean particle diameter d(50) for preparations varied with set-ups and ranged between 210 and 340 μm for ground corn, and 1180-1267 μm for flaked corn. The ethanol concentrations in beer were similar (18-19% v/v) for ground and flaked preparations, however, ethanol productivity increased with reduced particle size. Roller versus hammermilling of corn reduced solids in thin stillage by 28%, and doubled the volume percent of fines (d(50) ∼ 7 μm)in thin stillage and decreased coarse (d(50) ∼ 122 μm) by half compared to hammermilling.
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3292
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Wang H, Cao Y. SU-E-J-88: Correction of Arterial Input Function Distortion for DCE MRI Assessment of Hepatic Perfusion Response to Radiation Therapy. Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3611856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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3293
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Moriyama E, Cao W, Liu T, Wang H, Zheng G, Wilson B. Novel optical probes for image-guided tumor resection and photodynamic therapy based on glucose transporters. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2011.03.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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3294
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Zou W, Lin H, Wang H, Bui V, Tochner Z, McDonough J, Both S. SU-E-T-51: Patient Collision Detection in Proton Therapy during Treatment Planning Phase. Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3612002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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3295
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Wang C, Wang H, Tung S, Chung H, Wong P, Martel M. SU-E-T-804: Total Scalp Irradiation Using Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy and Comparison with IMRT and Conventional Photon/Electron Field Combination. Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3612768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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3296
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Wang H, Zhang J, Zhao M, Zhang X, Sun Q, Chen D. Production and health assessment of second-generation cloned Holstein cows derived by somatic cell nuclear transfer. Anim Reprod Sci 2011; 126:11-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2011.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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3297
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Zheng Y, Liu Y, Wu Q, Hong H, Zhou H, Chen J, Wang H, Xian W, Li J, Liu Z, Pei Z, Chen L. Confirmation of LRRK2 S1647T variant as a risk factor for Parkinson's disease in southern China. Eur J Neurol 2011; 18:538-40. [PMID: 20629711 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2010.03164.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) S1647T has been identified as a risk variant for Parkinson's disease (PD) in Han Chinese. METHODS To replicate the association of LRRK2 S1647T with risk of PD, we conducted a case-control study of this variant involving 406 PD subjects and 412 controls from southern mainland China. RESULTS The results showed that the frequency of A allele was higher in patients with PD (OR=1.238, 95% CI: 1.015-1.510, P=0.035) compared to controls. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis with the disease group (patients with PD vs. controls) as the dependent variable and genotype as an independent factor adjusting for the effect of age and gender, the homozygous S1647T genotype (AA) was associated with an increased risk of PD (OR=1.815, 95% CI:1.270-2.594, P=0.001). The pooled analysis of present data and the data from the previous work demonstrated that the frequency of A allele was higher in patients with PD (OR=1.2, 95% CI: 1.09-1.32, P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS LRRK2 S1647T increases the risk of Parkinson's disease in southern China.
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3298
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Peng Z, Shan C, Wang H. [Value of promoter methylation of RASSF1A, p16, and DAPK genes in induced sputum in diagnosing lung cancers]. ZHONG NAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCES 2011; 35:247-53. [PMID: 20360646 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7347.2010.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the aberrant methylation status of RASSF1A,p16 and DAPK gene promoter region in induced sputum from lung cancer patients and the value of their combined detection in diagnosing lung cancers. METHODS Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) was used to detect the promoter methylation status of RASSF1A, p16, and DAPK genes in induced sputum and pathological tissues from 82 patients with lung cancers and 25 patients with pulmonary benign lesion. We also analyzed the relation between methylation status and clinical pathological data. RESULTS The positive rates of promoter methylation of RASSF1A, p16, and DAPK genes in pathological tissues from patients with lung cancers were 63.4%, 59.8%, and 58.5%, respectively,and those in induced sputum were 54.9%, 48.8%, and 51.2%, respectively. The promoter methylation of RASSF1A,p16, and DAPK genes were not detected in patients with pulmonary benign lesion. There was a significant difference between the lung cancer group and pulmonary benign lesion group (P<0.05). The methylation rate of RASSF1A gene was significantly lower in the middle and high differentiation and non-metastastic lymph node of lung cancer tissues than that in the poor differentiation and the metastatic lymph node of lung cancer tissues(P<0.05), and was not correlated with age, sex, smoking index, clinical stage, and pathological types.The methylation rate of p16, and DAPK genes was not significantly correlated with all the above mentioned factors (P>0.05). The methylation rate of joint detecting RASSF1A, p16, and DAPK genes was 73.2%. CONCLUSION Joint detection for promoter hypermethylation of RASSF1A, p16, and DAPK genes in induced sputum may be used as a simple and effective index of the diagnosis and prognose of lung cancers, and can improve the positive rate.
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3299
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Xiang T, Jia Y, Sherris D, Li S, Wang H, Lu D, Yang Q. Targeting the Akt/mTOR pathway in Brca1-deficient cancers. Oncogene 2011; 30:2443-50. [PMID: 21242970 PMCID: PMC3107712 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Revised: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (Brca1) has a key role in both hereditary and sporadic mammary tumorigenesis. However, the reasons why Brca1-deficiency leads to the development of cancer are not clearly understood. Activation of Akt kinase is one of the most common molecular alterations associated with human malignancy. Increased Akt kinase activity has been reported in most breast cancers. We previously found that downregulation of Brca1 expression or mutations of the Brca1 gene activate the Akt oncogenic pathway. To further investigate the role of Brca1/Akt in tumorigenesis, we analyzed Brca1/Akt expression in human breast cancer samples and found that reduced expression of Brca1 was highly correlated with increased phosphorylation of Akt. Consistent with the clinical data, knockdown of Akt1 by short-hairpin RNA inhibited cellular proliferation of Brca1 mutant cells. Importantly, depletion of Akt1 significantly reduced tumor formation induced by Brca1-deficiency in mice. The third generation inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), Palomid 529, significantly suppressed Brca1-deficient tumor growth in mice through inhibition of both Akt and mTOR signaling. Our results indicate that activation of Akt is involved in Brca1-deficiency mediated tumorigenesis and that the mTOR pathway can be used as a novel target for treatment of Brca1-deficient cancers.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- BRCA1 Protein/deficiency
- BRCA1 Protein/genetics
- Benzopyrans/pharmacology
- Blotting, Western
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cells, Cultured
- Embryo, Mammalian/cytology
- Female
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, SCID
- Middle Aged
- Mutation
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- RNA Interference
- Signal Transduction
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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3300
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Wang H, Smith GA, Stallones L, Xiang H. Injury-related childhood mortality in migrant households in a southern city of China. Inj Prev 2011; 16:161-5. [PMID: 20570984 DOI: 10.1136/ip.2009.023069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sporadic evidence from China suggests that migrant children are at higher risk of injury-related mortality than local indigenous children. METHODS Child deaths from 2004 to 2008 were provided by the Shenzhen Women and Child Health Surveillance System. Population data for children 1-4 years old were obtained from the Shenzhen Bureau of Statistics and number of live births was obtained from birth registration records. All-cause and injury-related childhood mortality rates and death causes were calculated and compared. RESULTS A total of 3774 deaths were identified. All-cause mortality rates per 10,000 dropped significantly from 66.28 (95% CI 60.50 to 72.06) in infants (<1 year old) and 7.40 (95% CI 6.16 to 8.64) in early childhood (1-4 years old) in 2004 to 40.42 (95% CI 37.31 to 43.53) and 3.97 (95% CI 3.36 to 4.58) in 2008. However, injury-related mortality rates did not change significantly from 2.36 (95% CI 1.27 to 3.45) in infants and 2.97 (95% CI 2.19 to 3.76) in early childhood in 2004 to 2.00 (95% CI 1.31 to 2.69) and 2.00 (95% CI 1.56 to 2.43) in 2008. Injury-related mortality rates were significantly higher among migrant children (p<0.05). Drowning and traffic crashes were the top two causes of early childhood injury deaths; suffocation was the leading cause of infant injury deaths. CONCLUSION Migrant children were at significantly higher risk of injury-related mortality than local indigenous children. Injury prevention in Shenzhen should target drowning and traffic safety among young children and suffocation among infants as top priorities.
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