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Jain S, Menghani E, Jain R. Fluorescence and HPLC-Based Standardization of Piper nigrum Fruits. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.3923/ijb.2007.208.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Jain R, Jain A, Agarwal J, Awasthi S. Chlamydia sp. in hospitalised children with community acquired pneumonia. Indian Pediatr 2007; 44:216-8. [PMID: 17413197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Our aim was to document the prevalence of chlamydial infection in children less than five years of age with Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP). Seventy three children, 1 month to 5 years of age, hospitalized with CAP were enrolled over a period of one year. Microimmunofluorescence (MIF) was done to detect IgM antibodies against Chlamydia sp. in sera of all patients; PCR was performed to detect C. pneumoniae DNA in nasopharyngeal aspirates. The prevalence of Chlamydia species infection in CAP in children < 5 years of age was 5.5% (4/73). Two cases were positive for C. trachomatis antibodies; one case was positive for C. pneumoniae antibodies and one case was positive for C. pneumoniae DNA. Chlamydia sp. have an important role in CAP in children < 5 years and for early diagnosis of infection, use of more than one method i.e. PCR and serology both is advisable.
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Aslam SA, Colapinto P, Sheth HG, Jain R. Patient consultation survey in an ophthalmic outpatient department. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ETHICS 2007; 33:134-5. [PMID: 17329380 PMCID: PMC2598262 DOI: 10.1136/jme.2006.016899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Consultation methods differ between medical practitioners depending on the individual setting. However, the central tenet to the doctor-patient relationship is the issue of confidentiality. This prospective survey highlights patient attitudes towards consultation methods in the setting of an ophthalmic outpatient department. METHOD Questionnaires were completed by 100 consecutive patients, who had been seen by an ophthalmologist in a single room, which had a joint doctor-patient consultation occurring simultaneously. RESULTS Each question of all 100 questionnaires was completed. 58% of patients were not concerned about sharing a consultation room with another patient or doctor. However, this did not equate to the 49% of patients who were indifferent to discussing issues in the joint consultation room. The most common factor was the general issue of confidentiality. DISCUSSION Ensuring total patient confidentiality may be deemed more necessary for certain medical specialties than for others, as seen in the practice of separate medical records in genitourinary medicine, for instance. However, with regard to patient consultations, the same level of confidentiality should be afforded across all specialties, and such factors should be borne in mind when planning outpatient clinics.
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Karamchandani S, Dixit M, Jain R, Bhowmick M. Application of neural networks in the interpretation of impedance cardiovasograms for the diagnoses of peripheral vascular diseases. CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS : ... ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL CONFERENCE 2007; 2005:7537-40. [PMID: 17282025 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2005.1616256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
An Impedance Cardio-vasograph (ICVG) system has been developed at the Electronics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (B.A.R.C) for the assessment of Peripheral Blood Flow and has been installed at the Department of Medicine, J.J. Hospital, Mumbai, India. Impedance cardio-vasography (ICVG) gives an indirect assessment of blood volume changes by measurement of normalized rate of change of electrical impedance (N dZ/dt) of the body segment. Parameters like Blood Flow Index (BFI) and Differential Pulse Arrival Time (DPAT) at different locations in both lower extremities (upper thigh, knee, calf and ankle) can be computed from these measurements. This work deals with the analysis of these parameters by a neural network system for obtaining proper diagnosis of subjects with peripheral vascular diseases. The designed network identified the presence of anatomical block or narrowing for most of cases presented to it during testing and also the status of collateral circulation in the lower limbs. The neural network was trained again, with the few cases, which were not predicted correctly. The collaterals after the site of occlusion were classified as good, moderate or poor as an aid to the physician. The network identified cases with athero-sclerotic narrowing satisfactorily and was also able to categorize cases where changes are observed only in one extremity, other remaining normal as in the cases of hemi-Leriche's syndrome. An additional parameter CVS (Coefficient of venous Statis) was calculated which is useful for the diagnosis of primary and secondary varicosity of the veins.
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Singhal A, Tripathi BM, Pal HR, Jena R, Jain R. Subjective effects of additional doses of buprenorphine in patients on buprenorphine maintenance. Addict Behav 2007; 32:320-31. [PMID: 16814937 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2006.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2005] [Revised: 04/17/2006] [Accepted: 05/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Buprenorphine has considerable abuse potential. Patients who are maintained on buprenorphine (for opioid dependence) further use additional doses besides its maintenance dose. Subjective effects of the additional doses of buprenorphine in patients on buprenorphine maintenance patients is focused in this study. METHODS Nineteen subjects who were maintained on buprenorphine 4mg, s/l per day for at least 1month were admitted and given three additional doses of buprenorphine 2mg, s/l at the interval of 2h each and subjective effects were assessed with the help of standard tools after 2h of each dose and the next day also. Drug was given in a cumulative dose design in the inpatient unit of a de-addiction centre. RESULTS Dysphoria and sleepiness increased while euphoria and drug liking decreased with additional doses of buprenorphine. These changes were statistically significant and were highest at maximum cumulative dose of 10mg. CONCLUSION Results suggest that abuse liability of buprenorphine in these subjects is low in higher doses. However, these findings need to be replicated in this group of patients to make a comment on clinical implication.
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Jain R, Scheurich D, Lindberg GM, Girod CE. Bronchorrhoea complicating inflammatory bowel disease. Thorax 2006; 61:1014. [PMID: 17071842 PMCID: PMC2121181 DOI: 10.1136/thx.2005.057554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Kaushik S, Pandav SS, Jain R, Bansal S, Gupta A. Lower energy levels adequate for effective transcleral diode laser cyclophotocoagulation in Asian eyes with refractory glaucoma. Eye (Lond) 2006; 22:398-405. [PMID: 17139275 DOI: 10.1038/sj.eye.6702653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the treatment parameters for diode laser cyclophotocoagulation (DLCP) in Asian Indian eyes using laser energy titrated to clinical response. METHODS This prospective interventional longitudinal study included 66 eyes of 66 patients with varied aetiology refractory glaucoma, no previous cycloablation, and minimum 1 year follow-up. DLCP was performed using the Oculight Diode laser system IRIS( Medical Instruments Inc., CA, USA). Power used per spot was titrated according to the audible 'pops' indicating tissue microexplosion. The mean laser energy delivered, post-laser intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction, complications, and requirement of re-treatment in various subgroups were analyzed. Differences in energy delivered in each subgroup were assessed by analysis of variance with post hocBonferroni corrections. Linear regression analysis was used to identify possible predictive factors for failure of cyclodiode therapy. RESULTS The mean total energy delivered per eye was 87.80+/-31.8 J (range 105.4+/-36.8 J in neovascular glaucoma (NVG) to 61.5+/-8.8 J in uveitic glaucoma (P=0.134)). Mean pre treatment IOP was 36.4+/-10.7 mmHg, which reduced to 19.4+/-9.8 mmHg (P<0.001) at 1 week, and 15.6+/-6.6 mmHg at 1 year. At 1 year, 58 of 66 patients had IOP<22.0 mmHg (response rate 87.8%), and six patients had hypotony (success rate 78.8%). The uveitic glaucoma group had 100% success rate. NVG group required maximum re-treatments. CONCLUSIONS DLCP with a titrated energy protocol needs resulted in lower energy in Asian Indian eyes compared to that reported in literature, and different energy levels are needed for different diseases. 'Standard treatment parameters' for DLCP may be inappropriate for all diseases and all races.
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Abstract
AIM To examine the results of open lacrimal drainage surgery in patients with rare nasal diseases. METHOD A retrospective review of a group of patients with rare nasal disease who underwent open lacrimal surgery over a 15-year period at Moorfields Eye Hospital. Three main groups of disease were identified: (I) patients with treated mid-face tumours; (II) patients with prior major midfacial injury or surgery; and (III) patients with congenital nasal anomalies, including nasal aplasia. The more common systemic conditions of Wegener's granulomatosis and sarcoidosis were specifically excluded. RESULTS Eighty-six patients (43 men; 50%) were identified with an age range between 1 and 82 years at the time of surgery. A total of 100 primary procedures were performed in 85 patients and symptomatic relief was achieved in 83/100 (83%) eyes, with 18/100 eyes (18%) requiring two or more lacrimal procedures. Lacrimal reconstructive surgery was considered impractical in two further patients. There were no intraoperative and few postoperative complications. CONCLUSION With adequate experience, open lacrimal surgery appears to be a safe and effective procedure in the majority of patients with rare nasal diseases or major nasofacial anomalies.
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Sawhney S, Jain R, Meka N. Sirenomelia: MRI appearance. J Postgrad Med 2006; 52:219-20. [PMID: 16855327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
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Kumar A, Jain R, Daga J. Simultaneous occurrence of neuromyotonia and morphoea: a cause-effect relationship? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2006; 77:802. [PMID: 16705211 PMCID: PMC2077437 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2005.083683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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336
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Jain R, Clark NM, Diaz-Linares M, Grim SA. Limitations of current antiretroviral agents and opportunities for development. Curr Pharm Des 2006; 12:1065-74. [PMID: 16515486 DOI: 10.2174/138161206776055813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Significant progress has been made in the field of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pharmacotherapy. This is a remarkable achievement given that the virus was first recognized in the United States in 1981 and the first antiretroviral (ARV) agent became available in 1987. There are now 20 medications in 4 different classes approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of HIV and the carefully orchestrated use of these agents has dramatically decreased HIV mortality. However, the currently available agents have concerning limitations. These include potentially life-threatening side effects, drug interactions, loss of effectiveness over time due to resistance and the need for an extremely high level of medication adherence to achieve viral suppression. In the following review, important features of the presently available agents are described, and the characteristics of an ideal ARV agent defined.
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Abstract
Successful treatment of eye diseases requires effective concentration of drug at the eye for sufficient period of time. Conventional ocular drug delivery including eye drops, systemic administration, ophthalmic ointments, is no longer sufficient to combat ocular diseases. This article reviews the constraints with conventional ocular therapy, and explores various novel approaches, to improve the ocular bioavailability of drugs to the anterior chamber of the eye.
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Kaushik S, Kumar S, Jain R, Bansal R, Pandav SS, Gupta A. Ultrasound biomicroscopic quantification of the change in anterior chamber angle following laser peripheral iridotomy in early chronic primary angle closure glaucoma. Eye (Lond) 2006; 21:735-41. [PMID: 16543925 DOI: 10.1038/sj.eye.6702317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To prospectively evaluate by ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) and gonioscopy the anterior chamber angle widening following laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) in eyes with early chronic primary angle closure glaucoma (CACG). METHODS A total of 55 eyes of 55 patients with CACG presenting with less than 180 degrees peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS) were enrolled in the study. Angles were assessed by gonioscopy (Shaffer's grading) and UBM, before and 4 weeks after LPI. The angle opening distance at 250 and 500 microm from the scleral spur (AOD 250 and AOD 500) was computed. Results were analysed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS In the quadrant with LPI, the mean gonioscopy grade increased significantly from 0.45 to 1.45 (P<0.001) and the mean AOD 250 and AOD 500 increased from 38.5+/-25.9 to 83.5+/-48.4 microm (P<0.001) and 110.2+/-80.9 to 170.6+/-83.4 microm (P<0.001), respectively. The angles widened significantly in the opposite quadrant on UBM (AOD 250: 48.8+/-31.5-82.7+/-43.9 microm, P<0.001; AOD 500:117.2+/-65.5-172.2+/-81.7 microm; P<0.001), but the median gonioscopy grade remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS LPI significantly widened the anterior chamber angle in the quadrant with LPI and the quadrant furthest away in patients of CACG with established glaucomatous damage. This change was much better appreciated by the UBM than gonioscopy.
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Jain R, Babbar SB. Xanthan gum: an economical substitute for agar in plant tissue culture media. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2006; 25:81-4. [PMID: 16331459 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-005-0039-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2005] [Revised: 06/24/2005] [Accepted: 07/04/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Xanthan gum, a microbial desiccation-resistant polysaccharide prepared commercially by aerobic submerged fermentation from Xanthomonas campestris, has been successfully used as a solidifying agent for plant tissue culture media. Its suitability as a substitute to agar was demonstrated for in vitro seed germination, caulogenesis and rhizogenesis of Albizzia lebbeck, androgenesis in anther cultures of Datura innoxia, and somatic embryogenesis in callus cultures of Calliandra tweedii. Culture media used for eliciting these morphogenic responses were gelled with either 1% xanthan gum or 0.9% agar. Xanthan gum, like agar, supported all these responses.
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Yu S, Maiti PK, Dyson M, Jain R, Braley-Mullen H. B cell-deficient NOD.H-2h4 mice have CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells that inhibit the development of spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis. J Exp Med 2006; 203:349-58. [PMID: 16446379 PMCID: PMC2118195 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20051438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2005] [Accepted: 12/30/2005] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild-type (WT) NOD.H-2h4 mice develop spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis (SAT) when given 0.05% NaI in their drinking water, whereas B cell-deficient NOD.H-2h4 mice are SAT resistant. To test the hypothesis that resistance of B cell-deficient mice to SAT was due to the activity of regulatory CD4+CD25+ T (T reg) cells activated if autoantigen was initially presented on non-B cells, CD25+ T reg cells were transiently depleted in vivo using anti-CD25. B cell-deficient NOD.H-2h4 mice given three weekly injections of anti-CD25 developed SAT 8 wk after NaI water. Thyroid lesions were similar to those in WT mice except there were no B cells in thyroid infiltrates. WT and B cell-deficient mice had similar numbers of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cells. Mice with transgenic nitrophenyl-specific B cells unable to secrete immunoglobulin were also resistant to SAT, and transient depletion of T reg cells resulted in severe SAT with both T and B cells in thyroid infiltrates. T reg cells that inhibit SAT were eliminated by day 3 thymectomy, indicating they belong to the subset of naturally occurring T reg cells. However, T reg cell depletion did not increase SAT severity in WT mice, suggesting that T reg cells may be nonfunctional when effector T cells are activated; i.e., by autoantigen-presenting B cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- B-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Cells, Cultured
- Female
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Immunoglobulins/deficiency
- Lymphocyte Count
- Lymphopenia/genetics
- Lymphopenia/immunology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Transgenic
- Receptors, Interleukin-2/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Interleukin-2/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Thyroiditis, Autoimmune/genetics
- Thyroiditis, Autoimmune/immunology
- Thyroiditis, Autoimmune/prevention & control
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Jain R, Mishra PK, Vaya L, Bhatnagar M, Chaudhury A, Dhali G, Ghoda M. Efficacy and safety of intravenous esomeprazole in gastro-esophageal reflux disease and erosive esophagitis in Indian patients. Indian J Gastroenterol 2006; 24:224-5. [PMID: 16361774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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342
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Jain R, Sawhney S. Contrast-enhanced MR angiography (CE-MRA) in the evaluation of vascular complications of renal transplantation. Clin Radiol 2006; 60:1171-81. [PMID: 16223613 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2005.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2004] [Revised: 04/07/2005] [Accepted: 05/09/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Vascular complications associated with renal transplantation merit urgent investigation since they are often correctable, and timely intervention can help salvage the graft kidney. Contrast-enhanced MR angiography (CE-MRA) is a promising non-invasive technique, uses relatively non-nephrotoxic contrast agents and can rapidly demonstrate the underlying lesion in most instances. In this pictorial review we present the spectrum of abnormalities, as well as the pitfalls of interpretation of CE-MRA, that we encountered in 41 cases where there was clinical suspicion of vascular complications of renal transplantation. We believe that CE-MRA is a valuable, non-invasive screening technique in these cases, and further investigation and management of these patients can be confidently tailored to the results of the CE-MRA study.
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Garber AJ, Wahlen J, Wahl T, Bressler P, Braceras R, Allen E, Jain R. Attainment of glycaemic goals in type 2 diabetes with once-, twice-, or thrice-daily dosing with biphasic insulin aspart 70/30 (The 1-2-3 study). Diabetes Obes Metab 2006; 8:58-66. [PMID: 16367883 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2005.00563.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM This observational study in patients with type 2 diabetes failing oral agent therapy with or without basal insulin was conducted to assess whether addition and self-titration of biphasic insulin aspart 70/30 (BIAsp 30) could achieve American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE)/International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and American Diabetes Association (ADA) glycemic targets (HbA(1c)< or =6.5 and <7%). METHODS Enrolled patients (n = 100, HbA(1c)> or =7.5 and < or =10%) were > or =18 years of age, had diabetes > or =12 months and had received a stable antidiabetic regimen for at least 3 months [minimum of two oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) or at least one OAD plus once-daily basal insulin < or =60 U]. Patients discontinued prior basal insulin and added one injection of BIAsp 30 (12 U or 70-100% of prior basal insulin dose within 15 min of dinner initiation). Patients self-titrated their BIAsp 30 dose with investigator guidance every 3 or 4 days to achieve pre-breakfast fasting blood glucose (FBG) of 80-110 mg/dl. At 16 weeks, a pre-breakfast injection of 6 U of BIAsp 30 was added if week 15 HbA(1c) exceeded 6.5%; the added dose was titrated to achieve pre-dinner BG of 80-110 mg/dl. After an additional 16 weeks, 3 U of pre-lunch BIAsp 30 was added if HbA(1c) exceeded 6.5%. This added dose was adjusted based on 2-h post-lunch BG to achieve postprandial glucose of 100-140 mg/dl. Subjects achieving an HbA(1c)< or =6.5% at 15 and 31 weeks completed the study at weeks 16 and 32 respectively. RESULTS Addition of once-daily BIAsp 30 before dinner enabled 21% of the patients to achieve AACE and IDF targets (HbA(1c)< or =6.5%) and 41% to achieve ADA targets (HbA(1c) <7%). With two daily injections of BIAsp 30, these glycaemic goals were achieved by 52 and 70% of subjects. With three daily BIAsp 30 injections, 60% of patients achieved HbA(1c)< or =6.5%, and 77% achieved HbA(1c) <7.0%. CONCLUSIONS This clinical trial demonstrates that initiation of once-daily BIAsp 30 to type 2 diabetes patients poorly controlled on various OAD regimens was an effective treatment approach for achieving glycaemic goals. Additional patients safely achieved these goals by increasing the number of BIAsp 30 injections from one to two, and then, if uncontrolled, from two to three doses per day. Eventually, most patients previously uncontrolled on OADs with or without basal insulin were controlled by the addition and vigorous titration of BIAsp 30 to oral agent therapy.
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Saraf S, Mishra D, Asthana A, Jain R, Singh S, Jain NK. Lipid microparticles for mucosal immunization against hepatitis B. Vaccine 2006; 24:45-56. [PMID: 16122855 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2005] [Accepted: 07/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Parenteral administration of vaccines often does not lead to optimal or long lasting protection against disease causing organisms particularly those that are inhaled, ingested or sexually transmitted. For optimal mucosal protection induction of immune response via mucosal routes is therefore highly desirable. Double emulsion-solvent evaporation (w/o/w) method best suited for water-soluble bioactives was selected for the preparation of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loaded lipid microparticles. Intranasal route was considered for mucosal administration and hence to prepare the delivery system biocompatible and least irritable, soyalecithin (phospholipid) was taken instead of polymer because phosphatidylcholine is the major component of endogenous lung surfactant. The studies performed in present work included antigen characterization, development of lipid microparticles, stability studies of the prepared lipid microparticle formulations, percent mucoadhesion, ex vivo cellular uptake studies and in vivo studies. The general order obtained from in vivo studies for mucosal immune response (IgA) followed the sequence: LMST-HBsAg (IN)>LM-HBsAg (IN)>alum-HBsAg (IN)>LMST-HBsAg (IM)>alum-HBsAg (IM)>or=LM-HBsAg (IM)>plain HBsAg (IN)>plain HBsAg (IM).
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Pivalizza E, Szmuk P, Jain R, Ellis S, Eisner C, Rabb M, Lipski I. Resident education on medical mission trips. J Clin Anesth 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2005.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
AIMS To determine the possibility of using guar gum, a colloidal polysaccharide, as a cheap alternative to agar for gelling microbial culture media. METHODS AND RESULTS As illustrative examples, 12 fungi and 11 bacteria were cultured on media solidified with either guar gum or agar. All fungi and bacteria exhibited normal growth and differentiation on the media gelled with guar gum. Microscopic examination of the fungi and bacteria grown on agar or guar gum gelled media did not reveal any structural differences. However, growth of most of the fungi was better on guar gum media than agar, and correspondingly, sporulation was also more advanced on the former. Bacterial enumeration studies carried out for Serratia sp. and Pseudomonas sp. by serial dilution and pour-plate method yielded similar counts on both agar and guar gum. Likewise, a selective medium, succinate medium used for growth of Pseudomonas sp. did not support growth of Bacillus sp. when inoculated along with Pseudomonas on both agar or guar gum supplemented medium. CONCLUSIONS Guar gum, a galactomannan, which is 50 times cheaper than Difco-bacto agar, can be used as a gelling agent in place of agar in microbial culture media. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY As the media gelled with guar gum do not melt at temperature as high as 70 degrees C, these can be used for isolation and maintenance of thermophiles.
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Jain R, Grimer RJ, Carter SR, Tillman RM, Abudu AA. Outcome after disarticulation of the hip for sarcomas. Eur J Surg Oncol 2005; 31:1025-8. [PMID: 16157465 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2005.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2004] [Revised: 07/18/2005] [Accepted: 07/26/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To review the oncological and functional outcome in 80 patients who underwent disarticulation of the hip as part of their treatment. METHODS Eighty patients had disarticulation, of whom 46 had a bone sarcoma and 34 a soft tissue sarcoma. In 42 patients the operation was done as the first definitive surgical procedure for that patient. In 38 patients the disarticulation followed local recurrence after unsuccessful limb salvage, three of these patients had palliative amputations already having metastatic disease. All patients had adjuvant therapy when appropriate. RESULTS The overall survival of the patients following the amputation was 56% at 1 year, 39% at 2 years, 27% at 5 years and 21% at 10 years. The 5-year survival of patients having the amputation as a primary procedure was 32%, for those with local recurrence it was 25% whilst for those with a palliative amputation it was nil. Local recurrence developed in 10 patients following the amputation, and was related to close margins of excision; all of these patients subsequently died. Function was on the whole poor, with only one surviving patient regularly using an artificial limb. CONCLUSION Disarticulation of the hip remains a disabling procedure usually carried out for high grade sarcomas with extensive involvement of bone and soft tissues in the thigh. Long term survival is possible if wide margins of excision can be achieved.
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Winkler F, Kozin S, Tong R, Hicklin D, Munn L, Jain R. Kinetics of vascular normalisation by VEGFR2 blockade governs brain tumour response to radiation: role of angiopoietin-1 and matrix metalloproteinases. AKTUELLE NEUROLOGIE 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-919261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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349
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Chen Y, Padera T, Hagendoorn J, Jain R. A Quantitative In Vivo Model of Irradiation Effect on Lymphatic Function and Lymphangiogenesis: Implications for Radiation Induced Secondary Lymphedema. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2005.07.781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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