The possible deleterious effects of the intramyometrial injection of hypertonic urea

Hypertonic urea has been shown to be an effective midtrimester abortifacient. Although safer than hypertonic saline when injected intravascularly, it has not been compared to saline in the case of inadvertent intramyometrial injection. This report documents that intramyometrial injection of hypertonic urea will result in the same type of muscle necrosis as that produced by saline.

Induction of midtrimester abortion with intraamniotic urea, intravenous oxytocin and laminaria

Midtrimester abortion was accomplished in 75 patients by the intraamniotic instillation of 80 g of urea and the intravenous administration of oxytocin. In 33 of the patients, laminaria tents were inserted into the cervix. No severe complication occurred; all fetuses were stillborn. A single urea instillation was effective in 94.6% of the patients. The mean instillation-abortion interval was significantly (p less than 0.02) shorter in patients with laminaria tents than in those without. The tents probably prevent cervical rupture in s-me patients. Significant but transient changes occurred in platelet count and blood urea nitrogen one hour after urea instillation. Surgical removal of the placenta was required in 18.7% of the 75 patients; infection occurred in 2.6%. The combined use of urea, oxytocin, and laminaria appears to be an effective and relatively safe method of inducing abortion during the second trimester.

Clinical infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in cattle fed organic iodine and urea

The feeding of ethylenediamine dihydriodide (EDDI) at the dose levels of 50 and 500 mg/animal/day and urea at the dose level of 45 g/animal/day did not affect duration of clinical signs, body weight gain, magnitude or duration of fever, serum concentration of glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, packed cell volume, and differential white blood cell counts in feeder cattle experimentally infected with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus. However, coughing and abundance of nasal discharge were significantly greater in calves fed EDDI before and during primary IBR virus infection. Those calves fed 500 mg of EDDI/day coughed more, had greater nasal discharge, and exhibited greater lacrimation than did those given the smaller dose. These 3 clinical signs were considered to reflect both the expectorant action of EDDI and the pathogenic effects of IBR virus. In all calves, including controls, the coughing, nasal discharge, and lacrimation were most prominent during the period of peak infection (7 to 14 days after the calves were given intranasal inoculation) of the IBR virus. Total serum iodine concentration became maximal (mean of 1,400 ng/ml) in 8 calves after they had been fed the larger dose of EDDI for 2 weeks. This value was maximal (about 300 ng/ml) in another 8 calves after 3 weeks' feeding of the smaller dose (50 mg/day). When EDDI exposure was maintained at the dose level of 50 mg/day for 5 weeks longer, mean serum iodine values remained at about 275 ng/ml, and those of control calves averaged 140 ng/ml.

Post-obstructive diuresis

Massive diuresis after relief of urinary tract obstruction has been divided into 3 categories: 1) salt, 2) urea and 3) water. Measurements of the urinary electrolytes and urine osmolality establish the character of the diuresis and facilitate in the fluid management of these patients. A clinical example of the 2 most common varieties, salt and urea, is presented in conjuction with the method of fluid replacement.

Intra-amniotic urea and low-dose prostaglandin E2 for midtrimester termination

The efficacy and morbidity of injecting a standard dose of urea (80 g.) and a lower dose of prostaglandin E2 (P.G.E2) (2-5 MG) than that used previously have been assesed in 110 patients. All aborted--in a mean time of 10 hours 41 minutes. The average inpatient stay was 3-3 days. 5 patients (4-5%) had a cervical laceration.

Intraamniotic urea for induction of midtrimester pregnancy termination: a further evaluation

Forty percent hyperosmolar urea solution was used intraamniotically to induce midtrimester pregnancy termination in 508 patients. The mean injection-abortion interval was 43.4 hours in those patients aborting within 7 days (85.8% of the total group); 76% of the group aborted within 72 hours. Complications from the procedure included endometritis, hemorrhage, and nausea and vomiting; 29.3% of the patients required operative completion of the abortion (placental removal 12 hours after passage of the fetus). There were no cases of hypernatremia, cardiac arrest or collapse, clinically evident coagulopathies, nor cervical lacerations. This study supports the conclusion that urea is a safer intraamniotic solution than hypertonic saline for midtrimester pregnancy termination.

Topical treatment with urea-hydrocortisone in atopic dermatitis. A controlled study against betamethasone 17-valerate

When comparing 1% hydrocortisone in a stabilized 10% urea cream with 0.1% betamethasone 17-valerate cream in a double-blind study on 49 patients with atopic dermatitis or atopic winter feet, betamethasone cream was found to be the most potent. The study also showed that in approximately 60% of the patients the clinical response was equal. It is suggested that the urea-hydrocortisone combination may have its place in the long-term topical treatment of atopic dermatitis on account of its water-binding effect.