The association between cervical carcinoma and human papilloma virus (HPV) in Xiangyuan County

A mass survey was conducted to investigate the association between cervical carcinoma and human papilloma virus (HPV) infection in a high-risk area, Xiangyuan County, Shanxi Province. Fifty-four cases of cervical cancer in situ (CIS), including severe dysplasia (CIN III), 14 cases of invasive cervical carcinoma, 28 cases of mild cervical dysplasia (CIN I), and 13 cases of moderate cervical dysplasia (CIN II) were identified among 6710 women examined. One hundred and sixty-nine punch biopsies from abnormal cervix and genital tract were examined for the presence of HPV 6B/11, 16 and 18 DNA sequences by dot blot hybridization: The positive rates of HPV infection in cervicitis, CIN I, II, III, CIS and invasive cervical carcinoma specimens were 35.06% (27/77), 25% (2/8), 33.33% (2/6), 40% (2/5), 70.58% (24/34) and 40% (4/10), respectively. Among these groups, there was no regular distribution of HPV types except for HPV 16, the positive rate of which was increased from 25% in CIN I to 46.15% in CIS: HPV 16 was also the only type seen in the invasive cervical cancer group. Distribution analysis of HPV types in HPV-positive cervical cancer tissues uncovered an HPV 16 positive rate of 59.4%; 3.7 and 2.4 times higher than those of HPV 6B/11 and HPV 18, respectively. These data confirm the close association between cervical cancer and HPV 16 infection.

[Experiment on stability of total flavones in guanshu tablet]

This paper reports the study on the stability of total flavones in guanshu tablet by heating and accelerating method. Taking the total flavone contents of the tablet as the index, the time of validity of guanshu tablet at room temperature 25 degrees C is calculated to be 9.6 years by chemical kinetic analysis.

Injury of Müller cells increases the incidence of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis

Müller cells have been shown to have a dual effect in vitro on autoimmune T helper lymphocytes. In a coculture system, Müller cells have a primary inhibitory effect on the proliferation of T lymphocytes. In conditions where their inhibitory action is suppressed, Müller cells can, however, stimulate T cells. In the present study we evaluated the in vivo effect of Müller cells on actively induced experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU). Ten millimoles of L-alpha-aminoadipic acid (L-AAA), a specific gliotoxic agent, was injected into the vitreous of one eye of Wistar-Furth (WF) rats (a low EAU responder) on the day of immunization. Control rats were injected similarly with phosphate-buffered saline alone. The rats were immunized with S-antigen in CFA or in CFA alone. The results demonstrate that the incidence of EAU increases twofold in the eyes receiving an intravitreal injection of L-AAA in comparison to the contralateral eyes not receiving an injection. No such difference in EAU incidence was observed in control animals. Some rats that had been immunized with CFA alone after an intravitreal injection of L-AAA demonstrated a small amount of retinal perivascular inflammatory cell infiltrate but did not develop typical EAU lesions. The retinal vasculature was normal on examination by fluorescein angiography after injection of L-AAA. These data suggest that Müller cells can influence the course of uveoretinitis through their interaction with T cells.

[Free tyrosine and progesterone receptor contents in the rat uterine endometrial cytosol during oestrous cycle]

Free tyrosine in the rat uterine endometrial cytosol at different phases of the oestrous cycle was measured by HPLC. It was found that the content of tyrosine varied at different phases of the oestrous cycle in the normal rat, i.e. being lowest in proestrus and highest in metestrus, while the progesterone receptor content in the same cytosol sample determined by radio-receptor technique showed an opposite relationship. Experiments showed that the tyrosine content and progesterone receptor content displayed periodic but opposite changes at the two phases of the oestrous cycle. Furthermore, administration of tyrosine to the uterine lumen decreased significantly the contents of progesterone receptor in proestrus, oestrus and diestrus, but not in metestrus. It is suggested that tyrosine might exert a certain regulatory influence on the progesterone receptor content in rat uterine endometrium.

Diacylglycerol formation and DNA synthesis in endothelin-stimulated rat C6 glioma cells: the possible role of phosphatidylcholine breakdown

Stimulation of C6 cells with endothelin-1 (ET) caused a biphasic sn-1,2-diacylglycerol (1,2-DG) generation, which occurred not only via phosphatidylinositol 4,5-P2 (PIP2) hydrolysis by specific phospholipase C action, but also through the breakdown of phosphatidylcholine (PC) induced by either PC phospholipase C or D. ET also stimulated DNA synthesis in serum-starved C6 cells. However, in the presence of 1-(5-isoquinolynylsulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H-7), a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, the [3H]thymidine incorporation was markedly inhibited, which was concurrent with the 1,2-DG formation: the second peak was reduced. These findings suggest that brain glial cells might be an important target for ET. In addition to other possible roles, ET may also mediate mitogenesis in the brain, presumably through a PKC-dependent activation of phospholipase C and/or D hydrolyzing PC.

Evaluation of photodynamic therapy in advanced gastrointestinal cancer

One hundred forty-two patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancers were treated by PDT from September 1982 to December 1988. Hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD) (5 mg/kg) was given intravenously 48-72 hours before PDT. The light source was an argon dye laser with an output beam of 630 nm. The entire tumor was irradiated with a light dose of 100-250 J/cm 2. Fifteen patients (10.6%) had a complete response, 53 (37.3%) had a partial response, and 32 (22.5%) had a mild response. In all, 100 patients (70.4%) had a response to PDT. The experiments and clinical results show that the estimated energy dose (EED) value 200-250 J/cm 2 is appropriate. All patients were treated by PDT and adjuvant chemotherapy and showed good results with a follow-up of 1-5 years. Thirteen of 15 patients in the CR group are alive (86.7%), and 12 patients survived more than 2 years (8.8%).

Hopfield model with multistate neurons and its optoelectronic implementation

A Hopfield model with multistate neurons is described. This model is able to deal with multivalued problems such as restoring a degraded image with gray level equivalent to that produced by the two-states model, but needs many less neurons and interconnections. The performance of this model is compared with that of the linear model, and it is concluded that the multistate neuron model can produce convergence more quickly. Finally, a hybrid system for the implementation of this model is discussed.

A guanine nucleotide-binding protein in human astrocytoma

We compared, by immunoblotting and immunohistochemical staining, the distribution of the alpha subunit of Go in human normal brain tissue with that in human brain tumours of neuroectodermal origin. The ten tumour samples included seven high-grade astrocytomas (grades III and IV) and three low-grade astrocytomas (grade II). Immunoreactivity of high-grade astrocytomas with the alpha subunit of Go (Go alpha) antibody was lower than that of low-grade astrocytomas and normal white matter. In the immunohistochemical study, neoplastic cells in the astrocytomas were found to contain little or no significant Go alpha, although nonlesional white matter was strongly stained with Go alpha antibody. This study suggests that Go alpha antibody may assist in defining the boundary of an astrocytoma, and the difference in Go content may affect the alteration in the physical properties of the membrane, which exhibit, in part, the character of the transformation.

Receptor-linked early events induced by vasoactive intestinal contractor (VIC) on neuroblastoma and vascular smooth-muscle cells

Vasoactive intestinal contractor (VIC) caused a series of biochemical events, including the temporal biphasic accumulation of 1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG), transient formation of Ins(1,4,5)P3, and increase in intracellular free Ca2+ [( Ca2+]i) in neuroblastoma NG108-15 cells. In these cellular responses, VIC was found to be much more potent in NG108-15 cells than in cultured rat vascular smooth-muscle cells. The single cell [Ca2+]i assay revealed that in the presence of nifedipine (1 microM) or EGTA (1 mM), the peak [Ca2+]i declined more rapidly to the resting level in VIC-stimulated NG108-15 cells, indicating that the receptor-mediated intracellular Ca2+ mobilization is followed by Ca2+ influx through the nifedipine-sensitive Ca2+ channel. Pretreatment with pertussis toxin only partially decreased Ins(1,4,5)P3 generation as well as the [Ca2+]i transient induced by VIC, whereas these events induced by endothelin-1 were not affected by the toxin, suggesting involvement of distinct GTP-binding proteins. The VIC-induced transient Ins(1,4,5)P3 formation coincident with the first early peak of DAG formation suggested that PtdIns(4,5)P2 is a principal source of the first DAG increase. Labelling studies with [3H]myristate, [14C]palmitate and [3H]choline indicated that in neuroblastoma cells phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) was hydrolysed by a phospholipase C to cause the second sustained DAG increase. Down-regulation of protein kinase C (PKC) by prolonged pretreatment with phorbol ester markedly prevented the VIC-induced delayed DAG accumulation. Furthermore, chelation of intracellular CA2+ completely abolished the second sustained phase of DAG production. These findings suggest that PtdCho hydrolysis is responsible for the sustained production of DAG and is dependent on both Ca2+ and PKC.

Parallel distributed processing model with local space-invariant interconnections and its optical architecture

This paper proposes a parallel distributed processing model with local space-invariant interconnections, which is more readily implemented by optics and is able to classify patterns correctly, even if they have been shifted or distorted. Error backpropagation is used as a training algorithm. Computer simulation results presented indicate that the processing is effective and the network can deal with the shifted or distorted patterns. Moreover, the optical implementation architecture using matched filters for the model is discussed.

[Action of traditional Chinese medicines on DNA reproduction in liver cells in vitro]

The action of 11 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine on DNA reproduction in hepatic cells was studied with microradiographic auto-development. The result shows that all the medicines can promote and strengthen the DNA reproduction.

A synthetic peptide elicits antibody reactive with the native duck hepatitis B virus pre-S protein

Synthetic peptides P37-49 and P63-79, derived from the pre-S region of duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV), have been synthesized. Only P37-49 was reactive with rabbit anti-DHBs/pre-S antibodies by radioimmunoprecipitation. Antiserum prepared against P37-47 reacted with a 35K polypeptide of native DHBs/pre-S by immunoblotting. It is concluded that P37-49 (MGQHPAKSMDVRR) mimics one of the epitopes of the DHBV pre-S antigen.

Review of photodynamic therapy for gastrointestinal tumours in the past 6 years in China

Patients (142) with advanced gastrointestinal (GI) cancers were treated by photodynamic therapy (PDT) from September 1982 to December 1988. Haematoporphyrin derivative (HpD) (5 mg kg-1) was intravenously given 48-72 h prior to PDT. The light source was an argon dye laser emitting at 630 nm. The entire tumour was irradiated with a light dose of 100-250 J cm-2. Fifteen patients (10.6%) showed complete response (CR), 53 (37.3%) showed partial response (PR) and 32 (22.5%) showed mild response (MR). The clinical results show that the estimated energy dose (EED) of 200-250 J cm-2 is appropriate. All patients were treated by PDT and adjuvant chemotherapy showing good results with a follow-up of 1-5 years; 13 out of 15 patients in the CR group are alive (86.7%); 12 patients survived more than 2 years (8.8%).