[Toxic principles of Oxytropis glabra DC]

Eight alkaloids were isolated from Oxytropis glabra and identified as anagirine, thermopsine, N-methylcytisine, sparteine, baptifoline, adenine, dictamnine and ethyl allophanate respectively by spectral analysis and physicochemical methods. All these alkaloids were isolated from this genus for the first time and ethyl allophanate was found in nature for the first time.

[Distribution of muscarinic receptors of different affinities in smooth muscle of human stomach]

Muscarinic receptors of high and low affinity were found in the fundus and the body of human stomach through the contraction experiment combined with ligand method in vitro. The 2 types of muscarinic receptors with different affinity regulated respectively the contractions of the longitudinal and the circular muscle of human gastric fundus and gastric body. However, in the antrum exists only one kind of muscarinic receptors of high affinity, which regulated the contractions of the longitudinal and the circular muscles of human stomach. The contractile force of the longitudinal muscle induced by exogenous ACh in the fundus and that in the body of human stomach were found to be similar to each other. The contractile force of the circular muscle in the body was found to be the strongest, and the contractile force of both longitudinal and circular muscles in antrum was weaker.

[Determination of berberine hydrochloride in traditional Chinese medicines containing Coptis chinensis Franch by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography]

This paper reports a reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography method to determine berberine hydrochloride in Coptis chinensis Franch and in the traditional Chinese medicine containing Coptis chinensis Franch. The result shows that the mobile phase of 0.4mol/L ammonium nitratemethanol (52:48) can give a satisfactory separation. The extraction of sample with 1% H2SO4 solution using the ultrasonic vibration method is simple and easy to operate.

Identification of a peptide inhibitor of the cardiac sarcolemmal Na(+)-Ca2+ exchanger

The deduced amino acid sequence of the cardiac sarcolemmal Na(+)-Ca2+ exchanger has a region which could represent a calmodulin binding site. As calmodulin binding regions of proteins often have an autoinhibitory role, a synthetic peptide with this sequence was tested for functional effects on Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange activity. The peptide inhibits the Na(+)-dependent Ca2+ uptake (KI approximately 1.5 microM) and the Nao(+)-dependent Ca2+ efflux of sarcolemmal vesicles in a noncompetitive manner with respect to both Na+ and Ca2+. The peptide is also a potent inhibitor (KI approximately 0.1 microM) of the Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange current of excised sarcolemmal patches. The binding site for the peptide on the exchanger is on the cytoplasmic surface of the membrane. The exchanger inhibitory peptide binds calmodulin with a moderately high affinity. From the characteristics of the inhibition of the exchange of sarcolemmal vesicles, we deduce that only inside-out sarcolemmal vesicles participate in the usual Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange assay. This contrasts with the common assumption that both inside-out and right-side-out vesicles exhibit exchange activity.

Suppression of splenic macrophage interleukin-1 secretion following intracerebroventricular injection of interleukin-1 beta: evidence for pituitary-adrenal and sympathetic control

Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injections of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) produced a dose-dependent increase in plasma corticosterone and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) within 2 hr of injection and then declined over the next 24 hr. Using a potent steroidogenic dose of IL-1 beta (5 ng), ICV injection resulted in suppression of splenic macrophage IL-1 secretion following stimulation by LPS in vitro. Macrophage TGF-beta secretion was not affected, indicating a differential action of ICV IL-1 beta on macrophage cytokine production. Following adrenalectomy (ADX), the suppressive effect of ICV IL-1 beta was reversed and resulted in stimulation of macrophage IL-1 secretion, indicating that the suppression was mediated by adrenocorticol activation. However, surgical interruption of the splenic nerve to eliminate autonomic innervation of the spleen also prevented the macrophage suppressive signal in rats given ICV IL-1 beta. Furthermore, the combination of ADX and splenic nerve section resulted in a potent stimulatory effect of ICV IL-1 beta on splenic macrophage IL-1 secretion which was greater than either ADX or splenic nerve section alone. These results support the concept of a negative feedback on macrophage IL-1 secretion by the central action of IL-1 beta and indicate that both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system mediate this effect.

Case-control study on pathogenesis of pneumonia in children aged 0-2 years

In order to know the incidence of risk factors predisposing children to pneumonia, case control study was carried out in six MCH Model Counties in 1986. Single factor analysis showed 29 factors were responsible for the increasing incidence of pneumonia. 13 of 29 factors were major pneumonia risk factors by the standard of means greater than 15 and OR greater than 3. They were malnutrition, anemia, riskets, pneumonia history, repeated colds, chronic diarrhoea, congenital malformation, asphyxia neonatorum, amniotic fluid aspiration, artificial feeding, too much clothing, family member with acute respiratory illness (ARI) and contact with ARI patients. Among them 7 factors were related to individual health condition. Therefore, it is important to improve general health of children so as to reduce the incidence of pneumonia.

[Identification of 10 kinds of Zanthoxylum by pyrolysis GC]

In this paper, pyrolysis GC was applied to differentiate and fingerprint 10 kinds of Zanthoxylum on an OV-101 capillary column. Analytical conditions with this column, operating temperature, pyrolysis time and peak identifications are discussed.

[Results of total gastrectomy in the treatment of adenocarcinoma of the cardia in advanced stages]

Over an 8 year period, 66 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia in advanced stages underwent total gastrectomy. The operative morbidity rate was 7.5% and the post-operative mortality rate (1 month) was 1.5%. The post-operative 1,3,4, and 5 year survival rates were 69%, 30.7%, 20% and 13.8% respectively. The quality of life after surgery was improved. Pathologic type, lymph node metastasis, incomplete resection and post-operative chemotherapy were the main factors influencing post-operative survival. Indications for total gastrectomy and the advantages of transthoracic total gastrectomy are discussed.

[Changes in induced interleukin-1 and interleukin-2 activity and their interrelationship in patients with schistosomiasis japonica]

Activities of IL-1 produced by peripheral blood monocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide and IL-2 released by peripheral blood mononuclear cells induced by PHA, SWAP and SEA in vitro were detected in patients with various stages of schistosomiasis japonica. It was found that the activity of IL-1 was greatly increased and positively related to the body temperature, and high level of IL-2 was induced by SWAP and SEA in the group of acute schistosomiasis. The activity of IL-1 was significantly reduced in the groups of chronic and advanced schistosomiasis, especially in the latter group. The level of IL-2 induced by SWAP and SEA in the groups of chronic and advanced schistosomiasis was significantly lower than that in the group of acute schistosomiasis, but was much higher than that in the group of normal control. The level of IL-2 induced by SWAP and SEA in the cases of acute schistosomiasis was positively related to the activity of IL-1. The results indicate that the specific cellular immunity was increased in acute cases and decreased in chronic cases of schistosomiasis japonica. Both specific and nonspecific cellular immune responses were greatly reduced in cases of advanced schistosomiasis japonica. IL-1 and IL-2 may play an important role in the immunoregulation of schistosomiasis japonica.

Lateral sural cutaneous artery island flap in the treatment of soft tissue defects at the knee

This paper describes a flap for covering defects around the knee. Dissections of 20 legs showed that in the majority the lateral sural cutaneous artery branched from the popliteal artery and descended along the posterolateral aspect of the leg together with two venae comitantes and the lateral sural cutaneous nerve. An island flap was designed, pedicled on these vessels and nerve, and was used in 17 patients with defects around the knee, including acute trauma (three cases), soft tissue tumours (three cases), unstable scar or ulcer (seven cases), and chronic osteomyelitis or infected open fractures with tissue loss (four cases). All the flaps survived entirely and possessed normal sensation. Furthermore, it was not necessary to sacrifice the main vessels of the lower leg.

[Detection of HBAg in the liver in patients with schistosomiasis complicated by liver carcinoma]

HBsAg and HBcAg were detected in the liver biopsies of 21 patients with schistosomiasis japonica complicated by hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 69 patients with advanced schistosomiasis japonica and 25 patients with HCC. The positive rate of HBAg in liver of patients with schistosomiasis complicated by HCC (85.7%) was significantly higher than those with advanced schistosomiasis (56.5%), but similar to that in the group of HCC (80.0%). The location of tumor cells in liver was not related with the distribution of schistosomal ova in patients with schistosomiasis complicated by HCC. The results indicate that complicated HBV infection may be one of the major causes of HCC developed in patients with schistosomiasis japonica.

[Chemical evaluation of vinegar-processing method for fresh rhizoma Corydalis]

Qualitative and quantitative analysis were carried out on the samples of Rhizoma Corydalis in both the locally vinegar-processed (fresh) and traditionally vinegar-processed forms. No difference was found in the main chemical constituents. However, both the total alkaloids and the corydalis B content of the former are higher than those of the latter.

[Synthesis of 4-[(4-chlorophenyl) (5-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl) methylene amino]butyrates and its anticonvulsant activity]

It is known that gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) plays an important role in the pathophysiology of epilepsy. Under physiological conditions it is very difficult for GABA to cross the blood-brain barrier. It is likely that the esters of GABA, Which easily enter the brain, will have useful therapeutic properties. With this in mind, we have designed and synthesized 8 derivatives (IVa to IVh) of gamma-aminobutyric acid with an imine to link a lipophilic carrier in order to facilitate the passage of gamma-aminobutyric acid to cross the blood-brain barrier. All the eight synthesized title compounds were evaluated as anticonvulsants in mice via the Antiepileptic Drug Development Program of NIH. The compounds IVb and IVf showed anticonvulsant activity.

[The phase analyses of radionuclide angiographic images in patients with right bundle branch block, left bundle branch block and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome]

The phase analysis of the radionuclide angiographic images in normal subjects, RBBB, LBBB, WPW syndrome of 21, 23, 10, 17 cases respectively was reported. The results of the abnormal conduction groups showed that the parameters of the mean phase angle were delayed as compared with that in the normal group. The mean phase angles were 52.6 +/- 13.4 degrees in the normal group and 85.7 +/- 24.8 degrees, 84.5 +/- 17.4 degrees, 70.0 +/- 40.5 degrees, 78.3 +/- 35.6 degrees in the RBBB, LBBB, WPW-A and WPW-B groups respectively. There was a significant difference between the normal and abnormal conduction groups except for the WPW-A group. Furthermore, the sequential activation of cardiac wall showing the abnormal cardiac conduction could be seen by this method. It seems that phase analysis may be taken as a good noninvasive and adjunctive method for the evaluation of patients with WPW syndrome.

The reverse-flow posterior tibial artery island flap: anatomic study and 72 clinical cases

Based on anatomic, dye injection, and angiography observations since 1984, 72 patients with tissue defects of the foot (due to injury or surgery) have been reconstructed using a reverse-flow posterior tibial artery island flap. In the 72 patients, etiology has included extensive crushing (40 patients), burn scars (10 patients), and tissue loss following tumor or chronic ulcer resection (22 patients). Only two flaps developed necrosis. The survival rate was 97.2 percent, including seven cases of distal marginal necrosis. This procedure, therefore, offers a useful alternative in the repair and reconstruction of extensive tissue defects in the foot, whether caused by accidental injury or surgery.