Vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis promotes transplant arteriosclerosis through inducing the production of SDF-1α

Transplant arteriosclerosis is a leading cause of late allograft loss. Medial smooth muscle cell (SMC) apoptosis is considered to be an important event in transplant arteriosclerosis. However, the precise contribution of medial SMC apoptosis to transplant arteriosclerosis and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We transferred wild-type p53 to induce apoptosis of cultured SMCs. We found that apoptosis induces the production of SDF-1α from apoptotic and neighboring viable cells, resulting in increased SDF-1α in the culture media. Conditioned media from Ltv-p53-transferred SMCs activated PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MAPK/Erk signaling in a SDF-1α-dependent manner and thereby promoted mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) migration and proliferation. In a rat aorta transplantation model, lentivirus-mediated BclxL transfer selectively inhibits medial SMC apoptosis in aortic allografts, resulting in a remarkable decrease of SDF-1α both in allograft media and in blood plasma, associated with diminished recruitment of CD90(+)CD105(+) double-positive cells and impaired neointimal formation. Systemic administration of rapamycin or PD98059 also attenuated MSC recruitment and neointimal formation in the aortic allografts. These results suggest that medial SMC apoptosis is critical for the development of transplant arteriosclerosis through inducing SDF-1α production and that MSC recruitment represents a major component of vascular remodeling, constituting a relevant target and mechanism for therapeutic interventions.

Solid pseudopapillary tumour of the pancreas in children: clinical and computed tomography manifestation

PURPOSE

The purpose of our study was to retrospectively assess imaging features of computed tomography (CT) and clinical characteristics of children with solid pseudopapillary tumours (SPTs) of the pancreas in comparison with those of SPTs in adults.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

CT images and clinical data of 86 patients with histopathologically proven SPTs were reviewed. Eighteen patients were classified as children (≤18 years old), and 68 were classified as adults (>18 years old) according to age at diagnosis. Statistical analysis was performed using the χ (2) test and the Student's t test.

RESULTS

Eighteen patients (15 girls and three boys) were children, with an average age of 15.1 years at operation. Abdominal pain or discomfort was the most common manifestation in children (66.7%). Mean tumour size in children was significantly larger than in adults (9.1 vs. 5.7 cm; p=0.001). Except for tumour size, no significant statistical difference was observed in clinical factors or imaging features between SPTs in children and adults.

CONCLUSIONS

Ours is the largest single-centre study to demonstrate the features of pancreatic SPT in children. SPT diagnosis should always be considered when a large pancreatic mass with typical imaging is found in a child, especially in adolescent girls.

The potential of Internet of m-health Things "m-IoT" for non-invasive glucose level sensing

An amalgamated concept of Internet of m-health Things (m-IoT) has been introduced recently and defined as a new concept that matches the functionalities of m-health and IoT for a new and innovative future (4G health) applications. It is well know that diabetes is a major chronic disease problem worldwide with major economic and social impact. To-date there have not been any studies that address the potential of m-IoT for non-invasive glucose level sensing with advanced opto-physiological assessment technique and diabetes management. In this paper we address the potential benefits of using m-IoT in non-invasive glucose level sensing and the potential m-IoT based architecture for diabetes management. We expect to achieve intelligent identification and management in a heterogeneous connectivity environment from the mobile healthcare perspective. Furthermore this technology will enable new communication connectivity routes between mobile patients and care services through innovative IP based networking architectures.

Minimally invasive video assisted thyroidectomy versus endoscopic thyroidectomy via the areola approach: a retrospective analysis of safety, postoperative recovery, and patient satisfaction

AIM

Minimally invasive video-assisted thyroidectomy (MIVAT) and endoscopic thyroidectomy through areola (ETA) access are among the endoscopic approaches for thyroidectomy that have been perfected, but reports comparing the two are lacking. This study evaluated the safety, postoperative recovery, and patient satisfaction of MIVAT compared with ETA.

METHODS

This study included 119 patients undergoing MIVAT and 42 patients undergoing ETA from January 2006 to October 2009. Operative time, complications, postoperative recovery, cosmetic result, and patient satisfaction were analyzed.

RESULTS

The ETA group had a higher percentage of women (100% vs. 78.2%, P<0.05) and was younger (33.5 vs. 39 years, P<0.05). Thyroid volume (24.5 vs. 14.5 mL, P<0.001) and nodular diameter (26 vs. 22 mm, P<0.05) were larger in ETA group. The MIVAT group had a shorter operative time (28.2 vs. 112.8 minutes) and a lower rate of intraoperative (7.2 vs. 21.2 mL) and postoperative (0 vs. 80 mL, P<0.0001) blood loss. Rates of conversion and complications were similar. Postoperative pain at 12 hours was 1.9 in MIVAT vs. 3.1 in ETA (P<0.0001). Hospitalization was 1 day in the MIVAT group vs. 3.5 days in ETA (P<0.0001). Patient satisfaction was similar.

CONCLUSION

MIVAT and ETA showed similar results for safety, although ETA might be considered more invasive than MIVAT. Patients of both groups were equally satisfied with the cosmetic result. Differently from ETA, MIVAT allows total thyroidectomy to be performed also for malignant diseases. Although different, the two approaches were safe and reliable and both are valid options. Choice might depend on the surgeon's preference, thyroid size, type of disease, and the patient's expectation about cosmesis.

Development and preliminary application of an indirect ELISA for detecting antibodies against Avian Influenza Virus

Fragment of 759 bp DNA spanning the Matrix 1 (M1) gene of Avian Influenza Virus (AIV) was inserted into an expression vector pET28c to construct a recombinant plasmid pET28c-M1. The pET28c-M1 plasmid was transformed into the Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) competent cell to produce a recombinant strain E. coli 21 (DE3). After being induced by Isopropyl-b-D-galactopyranoside (IPTG), E. coli 21 (DE3) expressed a 28-kDa fusion protein at a high level. This protein can bind anti-AIV (H5N1) positive serum by Western-blot analysis. After being denatured, renatured, and purified by Ni(2+)-column, the fusion protein was used as an antigen to develop Matrix 1 Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (M1-ELISA) for detecting antibodies against AIV from chicken serum. We found that this indirect M1-ELISA was sensitive for differentiating antisera against AIV and antisera against other six kinds of avian viruses apart from AIV and this method is more sensitive than Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) test. When compared with HI test and ELISA (IDEXX) in evaluating 581 serum samples from field vaccinated chickens, this assay showed 93.3% agreement ratio with the HI test, as well as 96.0% agreement ratio with ELISA (IDEXX). In a preliminary application, the assay successfully detected 19 AIVs from 51 nonvaccinated chicken lungs. It concludes that an indirect ELISA was successfully developed for detecting AIV. The assay is specific and sensitive. The application will greatly contribute to the long-term prevention and control of avian influenza in China.

Enhancement of humoral immune responses to inactivated Newcastle disease and avian influenza vaccines by oral administration of ginseng stem-and-leaf saponins in chickens

Newcastle disease (ND) and avian influenza (AI) are common in the poultry industry. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of oral administration of ginseng stem-and-leaf saponins (GSLS) on the humoral immune responses of chickens to inactivated ND and AI vaccines. In experiment 1, oral administration of GSLS at a dose of 5 mg/kg of BW for 7 d on the immune response in chickens intramuscularly injected with inactivated ND vaccine was evaluated. Results showed that GSLS significantly increased the antibody level against ND in the serum of chickens. In experiment 2, the same regimen of GSLS was administered to chickens inoculated with inactivated AI vaccines, and an enhanced serum antibody response to AI vaccination was also observed. Considering the safety of GSLS, because no adverse effect was found throughout the experiments, GSLS may be a promising oral adjuvant to improve immunization in poultry.

BioMart Central Portal: an open database network for the biological community

BioMart Central Portal is a first of its kind, community-driven effort to provide unified access to dozens of biological databases spanning genomics, proteomics, model organisms, cancer data, ontology information and more. Anybody can contribute an independently maintained resource to the Central Portal, allowing it to be exposed to and shared with the research community, and linking it with the other resources in the portal. Users can take advantage of the common interface to quickly utilize different sources without learning a new system for each. The system also simplifies cross-database searches that might otherwise require several complicated steps. Several integrated tools streamline common tasks, such as converting between ID formats and retrieving sequences. The combination of a wide variety of databases, an easy-to-use interface, robust programmatic access and the array of tools make Central Portal a one-stop shop for biological data querying. Here, we describe the structure of Central Portal and show example queries to demonstrate its capabilities.

Assessment of temporal state-dependent interactions between auditory fMRI responses to desired and undesired acoustic sources

A confounding factor in auditory functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiments is the presence of the acoustic noise inherently associated with the echo planar imaging acquisition technique. Previous studies have demonstrated that this noise can induce unwanted neuronal responses that can mask stimulus-induced responses. Similarly, activation accumulated over multiple stimuli has been demonstrated to elevate the baseline, thus reducing the dynamic range available for subsequent responses. To best evaluate responses to auditory stimuli, it is necessary to account for the presence of all recent acoustic stimulation, beginning with an understanding of the attenuating effects brought about by interaction between and among induced unwanted neuronal responses, and responses to desired auditory stimuli. This study focuses on the characterization of the duration of this temporal memory and qualitative assessment of the associated response attenuation. Two experimental parameters--inter-stimulus interval (ISI) and repetition time (TR)--were varied during an fMRI experiment in which participants were asked to passively attend to an auditory stimulus. Results present evidence of a state-dependent interaction between induced responses. As expected, attenuating effects of these interactions become less significant as TR and ISI increase and in contrast to previous work, persist up to 18s after a stimulus presentation.

Transport Properties of Partially-Filled CeyCo4Sb12

We have investigated the magnetic and transport properties of CeyCo4Sb12 filled skutterudites with the filling fraction y ≤ 0.1. These compounds are n-type materials that develop a magnetic moment upon the presence of trivalent cerium. Cerium has a strong influence on all transport properties and even in small amounts it drastically reduces the lattice thermal conductivity. The resulting figures of merit are comparable to the values established previously for the p-type filled skutterudites.

Next-generation small RNA sequencing for microRNAs profiling in the honey bee Apis mellifera

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators in various physiological and pathological processes via post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. The honey bee (Apis mellifera) is a key model for highly social species, and its complex social behaviour can be interpreted theoretically as changes in gene regulation, in which miRNAs are thought to be involved. We used the SOLiD sequencing system to identify the repertoire of miRNAs in the honey bee by sequencing a mixed small RNA library from different developmental stages. We obtained a total of 36,796,459 raw sequences; of which 5,491,100 short sequences were fragments of mRNA and other noncoding RNAs (ncRNA), and 1,759,346 reads mapped to the known miRNAs. We predicted 267 novel honey bee miRNAs representing 380,182 short reads, including eight miRNAs of other insects in 14,107,583 genome-mapped sequences. We verified 50 of them using stem-loop reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR), in which 35 yielded PCR products. Cross-species analyses showed 81 novel miRNAs with homologues in other insects, suggesting that they were authentic miRNAs and have similar functions. The results of this study provide a basis for studies of the miRNA-modulating networks in development and some intriguing phenomena such as caste differentiation in A. mellifera.

Internal dynamics of actin structures involved in the cell motility and adhesion: Modeling of the podosomes at the molecular level

Podosomes are involved in the spreading and motility of various cells to a solid substrate. These dynamical structures, which have been proven to consist of a dense actin core surrounded by an actin cloud, nucleate when the cell comes in the vicinity of a substrate. During the cell spreading or motion, the podosomes exhibit collective dynamical behaviors, forming clusters and rings. We design a simple model aiming at the description of internal molecular turnover in a single podosome: actin filaments form a brush which grows from the cellular membrane whereas their size is regulated by the action of a severing agent, the gelsolin. In this framework, the characteristic sizes of the core and of the cloud, as well as the associated characteristic times are expressed in terms of basic ingredients. Moreover, the collocation of the actin and gelsolin in the podosome is understood as a natural result of the internal dynamics.

Cell apoptosis and Fas gene expression in liver and renal tissues after ischemia-reperfusion injury in liver transplantation

Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is an important factor in a nonfunctioning liver graft and acute renal failure. Apoptosis is a cell death mechanism in early stages of I/R injury. In the present study, orthotopic liver transplantation (oLT) using a modified double-cuff method was performed in Wistar rats, with sham-operated rats serving as the control group. Rats in the treatment and control groups were sacrificed at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours after oLT to obtain liver and kidney tissues. Fas protein expression in apoptotic cells at various times was detected at immunohistochemical staining and flow cytometry, and Fas gene expression was detected using the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Apoptosis began in liver and renal cells at 1 hour after oLT, peaking at 12 hours. The reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction demonstrated Fas gene expression in liver and renal tissues at 1 hour post-oLT, peaking at 12 hours. Changes in the treatment group were significantly greater than in the control group (P < .05). We conclude that renal cells, like liver cells, undergo apoptosis due to I/R injury after oLT.