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Gall D, Nielsen K, Yu W, Smith P. Rapid, field-adapted indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibodies in bovine whole blood and serum to Brucella abortus. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2006; 13:501-6. [PMID: 16603619 PMCID: PMC1459638 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.13.4.501-506.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A simple, rapid, field-adapted indirect enzyme-linked immunoassay (FldELISA) for the detection of antibodies to Brucella abortus in whole blood and serum has been developed. This assay detects antibodies to B. abortus in approximately 15 min or less. Over a 3-month period, this assay has consistently identified immunized and nonimmunized animals, while the percent coefficient of variation for each immunized animal has been less than 20%. As with any indirect enzyme-linked immunoassay, quality control can be established and maintained. Using defined positive and negative sera, the sensitivity and specificity of the FldELISA was 100% and 94.2%, respectively. As a model, this test can be readily extended to other disease applications that use lipopolysaccharide or other stable antigens for the detection of antibodies, such as those to Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, or Yersinia spp.
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Baek JH, Kim JG, Jeon SB, Chae YS, Kim DH, Sohn SK, Lee KB, Choi YJ, Shin HJ, Chung JS, Cho GJ, Jung HY, Yu W. Phase II study of capecitabine and irinotecan combination chemotherapy in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Br J Cancer 2006; 94:1407-11. [PMID: 16641916 PMCID: PMC2361294 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a combination regimen of capecitabine plus irinotecan in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Patients with previously untreated metastatic or recurrent, measurable gastric cancer received oral capecitabine 1000 mg m−2 twice daily from day 1 to 14 and intravenous irinotecan 100 mg m−2 on days 1 and 8, based on a 3-week cycle. Forty-one patients were enrolled in the current study, among whom 38 were assessable for efficacy and 40 assessable for toxicity. Three complete responses and 16 partial responses were confirmed, giving an overall response rate of 46.3%. At a median follow-up of 269 days, the median time to progression and overall survival were 5.1 and 8.6 months, respectively. Grade 3/4 neutropenia occurred in four patients and grade 3 febrile neutropenia was observed in two patients. Grade 3 diarrhoea and grade 2 hand–foot syndrome occurred in six patients and eight patients, respectively. The combination of capecitabine and irinotecan was found to be well tolerated and effective in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Accordingly, this regimen can be regarded as one of first-line treatment options for advanced gastric cancer.
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403
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Lu F, Wang N, Wu Z, Sun X, Rehnstrom J, Poundstone K, Yu W, Pisani E. Estimating the number of people at risk for and living with HIV in China in 2005: methods and results. Sex Transm Infect 2006; 82 Suppl 3:iii87-91. [PMID: 16735299 PMCID: PMC2576728 DOI: 10.1136/sti.2006.020404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND No new estimates of HIV infection have been available for China since 2003. However, since then, data availability has increased dramatically. OBJECTIVES To use internationally recommended methods to make new estimates of the number of people exposed to HIV in China, the number living with HIV, and the number of new HIV infections and deaths in 2005. METHODS The UNAIDS Workbook method was adapted to meet the needs of China. Local data were used to estimate the size of each risk population and HIV prevalence by risk group for every prefecture. These estimates were combined into provincial and national estimates. The UNAIDS Estimates and Projections Package and Spectrum were used to derive estimates of incidence and mortality from prevalence data, taking into account treatment. RESULTS It was estimated that 650,000 people are living with HIV/AIDS in China (range 540,000-760,000), of whom 70,000 were newly infected in 2005 (range 60,000-80,000). Between 20,000 and 30,000 people are estimated to have died of HIV in 2005. The new estimate compares with an estimate of 840,000 people living with HIV/AIDS in 2003 (range 650,000-1,020,000). The estimated number of infected former plasma donors fell from 199,000 to 55,000. Infections remain concentrated among drug injectors, those buying and selling sex, and men who have sex with men. CONCLUSION The new estimates are based on a much wider range of surveillance data as well as mass screening of former plasma donors, and are made at the prefecture level. More limited data from high prevalence provincial surveillance sites led to past estimates that now seem too high. New infections outpace death, and the HIV epidemic in China is still growing.
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Baek J, Kim J, Chae Y, Cho Y, Sohn S, Choi Y, Shin H, Chung J, Cho G, Yu W. Phase II study of capecitabine and irinotecan combination chemotherapy in patients with advanced gastric cancer. J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.14037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
14037 Background: Several studies have shown the efficacy of capecitabine and irinotecan combination chemotherapy for advanced colorectal cancer, while no results have yet been reported for advanced gastric cancer. Accordingly, the current study evaluated the efficacy and safety of a combination regimen of capecitabine plus irinotecan in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Methods: Patients with previously untreated metastatic or recurrent, measurable gastric cancer received oral capecitabine 1000 mg/m2 twice daily from day 1 to 14 and intravenous irinotecan 100 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8, based on a 3-week cycle. Results: Forty-one patients were enrolled in the current study, among whom 38 were assessable for efficacy and 40 assessable for toxicity. Three complete responses and 16 partial responses were confirmed, giving an overall response rate of 46.3%. At a median follow-up of 269 days, the median time to progression and overall survival were 5.1 months and 8.6 months, respectively. Grade 3/4 neutropenia occurred in 4 patients and grade 3 febrile neutropenia was observed in 2 patients. Grade 3 diarrhea and grade 2 hand-foot syndrome occurred in 6 patients and 8 patients, respectively. Conclusions: The combination of capecitabine and irinotecan was found to be well tolerated and effective in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Accordingly, this regimen can be regarded as an important first-line treatment option for advanced gastric cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Trump D, Javle M, Muindi J, Pendyala L, Yu W, Ramnath N, Ross M, Fakih M, Iyer R, Johnson C. Phase I, pharmacokinetic (PK), pharmacodynamic study of paricalcitol [19-nor-1 alpha, 25-(OH)2 D2] in combination with gemcitabine [2’,2’ difluorodeoxycytidine] in patients with advanced malignancies. J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.12010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
12010 Background: Calcitriol+ gemcitabine (gem) combination results in synergistic anti-tumor effect in preclinical models. Cytidine deaminase (CDD) inactivates gem into 2’,2’-difluorodeoxyuridine (dFdU) and its overexpression may lead to gem resistance. Calcitriol decreases CDD activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM). Paricalcitol is cytotoxic in vitro and synergistic with several chemotherapeutic agents, including gem. We are conducting a phase I study of paricalcitol + fixed-dose gem. Objectives: The primary aim is to determine maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of the combination in patients (pts) with advanced cancer. Secondary aims are to evaluate toxicity, the effect of paricalcitol on gem PK, CDD activity in PBM and clinical outcome. Methods: Each cycle is 4 weeks: Gem 800 mg/m2 (over 80 min) weekly × 3, starting day 1; paricalcitol weekly, 24 h prior to gem, starting day 7. Standard 3+3 dose-escalation schema is used. Planned paricalcitol doses are 0.24, 0.72, 1.20, 1.8, 2.4 μg/kg, and 25% increments till MTD. Gem PK and CDD activity (PBM) are studied on days 1 and 8. Paricalcitol PK studies are obtained on day 7. Results: Fourteen pts with the following cancers: pancreatic (n=3), colon (n=3), lung (n=5), esophageal (n=1), bladder (n=1) and unknown primary (n=1) have been enrolled. No dose limiting toxicities have occurred. Median of 2 cycles were delivered (range 1–9). Grade 3 toxicities: anemia (n=3 pts), neutropenia (n=5), thrombocytopenia (n=3), thrombosis (n=2), anorexia (n=1), hypophosphatemia (n=1), dehydration (n=1), syncope (n=1), pneumonia (n=1) and chills (n=1). Grade 4 toxicities: anemia (n=1) and neutropenia (n=1). Hypercalcemia (> grade 1) did not occur. Stable disease occurred in 2 and progressive disease in 3. Conclusions: MTD was not reached at 1.8 μg/kg of paricalcitol with gem 800 mg/m2/week. Dose escalation is ongoing. PK data will be presented at meeting. Supported by NIH grants CA67267 and CA85142. [Table: see text]
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Chae Y, Kim J, Baek J, Cho E, Sohn S, Chung H, Yu W, Lee M, Bae H. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) polymorphism is associated with prognosis of patients with gastric cancer. J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.4019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
4019 Background: Recent studies demonstrated that the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family had a prognostic significance in patients with gastric cancer. The present study analyzed VEGF polymorphism and its impact on prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. Methods: Five hundred three consecutive patients with surgically resected gastric adenocarcinoma at a single institution between January 2000 and December 2001 were enrolled into the study. Genomic DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded tumor tissue and four VEGF (-460T > C, +405C > G, 936C> T, and -1154G > A) genotypes were determined using a PCR-RFLP assay. Results: The median age of patients was 60.0 years (range, 25–83 years), and 337 (67.0%) patients were male. Pathologic stages after resection were as follows: stage 0 (n=6, 1.2%), stage I (n=277, 55.1%), stage II (n=105, 20.9%), stage III (n=74, 14.7%), and stage IV (n=41, 8.2%). The estimated 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates according to stage were significantly different (p < 0.0001). Three VEGF polymorphisms (+405C > G, 936C, and -1154G > A > T) were not associated with survival of patients, while -460T > C polymorphism had a prognostic significance. In patients with early stage gastric cancer (stage 0 or 1, n=283), the estimated 5-year DFS and carcinoma-specific survival (CSS) for patients with homozygous genotype (CC or TT) of -460T > C were superior to those for heterozygous genotype (CT) (98.1% versus 90.3%, p=0.0047; 98.1% versus 92.5%, p=0.0284). In Cox multivariate regression, stage and VEGF -460T > C genotype were an independent prognostic factors for both DFS (p=0.007; p=0.010) and CSS (p=0.013; p=0.038). Conclusions: VEGF -460T > C polymorphism was found to be an independent prognostic marker for patients with curatively resected early stage gastric adenocarcinoma. Accordingly, VEGF -460T > C polymorphism can help to identify patients with unfavorable clinical outcome and thereby may be useful to refine therapeutic decisions in early stage gastric cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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407
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Xu G, Liang Q, Gong Z, Yu W, He S, Xi L. Antitumor activities of the four sesquiterpene lactones from Elephantopus scaber L. Exp Oncol 2006; 28:106-9. [PMID: 16837899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate antitumor activity of sesquiterpene lactones (scabertopin (ES-2), isoscabertopin (ES-3), deoxyelephantopin (ES-4), isodeoxyelephantopin (ES-5)) isolated from Elephantopus scaber L. in vitro and in vivo. METHODS SMMC-7721, Caco-2 and HeLa cell lines were treated with ES-2,3,4,5. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. Agarose gel electrophoresis was used to detect DNA fragmentation. To evaluate in vivo antitumor activity of ES-4, experimental murine tumor model was used. RESULTS It was shown that ES-2, ES-4, ES-5 exhibited significant antitumor effect in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner. However, the effect of ES-3 on the growth of tested cell lines was relatively weak. In HeLa cells exposed to ES-4 for 48 h, morphological changes and DNA ladder pattern evidencing on apoptosis were detected. ES-4 revealed in vivo antitumor activity. CONCLUSION Antitumor activity of studied sesquiterpene lactones may be due, at least in part, to induction of apoptosis in vitro. ES-4 possesses also antitumor activity in vivo.
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408
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Yu W, Zhang TL, Yang L, Zhang JG, Wu RF, Ren FJ, Guo JY, Liu LH. Crystal structure of 2-nitrobenzene-1,4-dioxyacetic acid dihydrate, C6H3(NO2)(OCH2COOH)2 · 2H2O. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2006. [DOI: 10.1524/ncrs.2006.0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AbstractC10H13NO10, monoclinic, P121/n1 (no. 14), a = 7.351(2) Å, b = 22.077(5) Å, c = 8.129(2) Å, β = 99.907(4)°, V = 1299.5 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.041, wRref(F2) = 0.106, T = 294 K.
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409
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Yu W, Choi GS, Chung HY. Randomized clinical trial of splenectomy versus splenic preservation in patients with proximal gastric cancer. Br J Surg 2006; 93:559-63. [PMID: 16607678 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.5353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preservation or removal of the spleen during total gastrectomy for proximal gastric cancer is a matter of debate. METHODS A randomized clinical trial included patients with gastric adenocarcinoma who underwent total gastrectomy either with (104 patients) or without (103) splenectomy. Postoperative outcome in the two groups was compared, including morbidity, mortality and survival. RESULTS Gastrectomy combined with splenectomy tended to be associated with slightly higher morbidity and mortality rates, a slightly greater incidence of lymph node metastasis at the splenic hilum and along the splenic artery, and marginally better survival, but there were no statistically significant differences between the groups. Splenectomy had no impact on survival in patients with metastatic lymph nodes at the hilum of the spleen or in those with metastatic lymph nodes along the splenic artery. CONCLUSION These results do not support the use of prophylactic splenectomy to remove macroscopically negative lymph nodes near the spleen in patients undergoing total gastrectomy for proximal gastric cancer.
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410
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Yang L, Yu W, Wu T, Zhang TL, Zhang JG, Guo JY, Wu RF, Ren FJ. Crystal structure of carbohydrazidium(1+) p-toluenesulfonate, (NH2NHCONHNH3) [CH3C6H4SO3]. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2006. [DOI: 10.1524/ncrs.2006.221.14.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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411
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Yu W, Zhang TL, Yang L, Zhang JG, Wu RF, Ren FJ, Guo JY, Liu LH. Crystal structure of 2-nitrobenzene-1,4-dioxyacetic acid dihydrate, C6H3 (NO2)(OCH2COOH)2·2H2O. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2006. [DOI: 10.1524/ncrs.2006.221.14.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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412
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Nielsen K, Smith P, Yu W, Nicoletti P, Jungersen G, Stack J, Godfroid J. Serological discrimination by indirect enzyme immunoassay between the antibody response to Brucella sp. and Yersinia enterocolitica O:9 in cattle and pigs. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2006; 109:69-78. [PMID: 16140390 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2005.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2005] [Revised: 06/28/2005] [Accepted: 07/25/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A rapid, inexpensive and rugged serological test that distinguishes cattle and swine infected with Brucella sp. or Yersinia enterocolitica O:9 is described. The test protocol, which is an indirect enzyme immunoassay uses a high concentration of divalent cation chelating agents to minimize binding of Y. enterocolitica O:9 antibody to rough lipopolysaccharide antigen derived from B. abortus RB51. No false positive reactions were observed when testing 100 Canadian cattle and swine without any evidence of brucellosis. The assay detected 91.6% of cattle (n=155) and 93.5% (n=31) of swine infected with Brucella sp. Sera from 58 cattle and 38 swine exposed to Y. enterocolitica O:9 were negative while only 20 sera from 121 'false positive' reactors of unspecified origin gave low level positive reactions, eliminating 84% of the false positive reactions.
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413
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Fang F, Yu W, Shen H. EL-002 Localization of ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase 1 in normal human ovary. Reprod Biomed Online 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(11)60527-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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414
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Jin Z, Zhang J, Xu MH, Lu X, Li YT, Wang ZH, Wei ZY, Yuan XH, Yu W. Control of filamentation induced by femtosecond laser pulses propagating in air. OPTICS EXPRESS 2005; 13:10424-10430. [PMID: 19503257 DOI: 10.1364/opex.13.010424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Filamentation formed by self-focusing of intense laser pulses propagating in air is investigated. It is found that the position of filamentation can be controlled continuously by changing the laser power and divergence angle of the laser beam. An analytical model for the process is given.
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415
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Nielsen K, Smith P, Yu W, Nicoletti P, Elzer P, Robles C, Bermudez R, Renteria T, Moreno FS, Ruiz A, Massengill C, Muenks Q, Jurgersen G, Tollersrud T, Samartino L, Conde S, Forbes L, Gall D, Perez B, Rojas X, Minas A. Towards single screening tests for brucellosis. REV SCI TECH OIE 2005; 24:1027-37. [PMID: 16649269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA) and a fluorescence polarisation assay (FPA), each capable of detecting antibody in several species of hosts to smooth and rough members of the genus Brucella. The I-ELISA uses a mixture of smooth lipopolysaccharide (SLPS) and rough lipopolysaccharide (RLPS) as the antigen, and a recombinant protein A/G conjugated with horseradish peroxidase as the detection reagent. When using individually determined cutoff values, the SLPS/RLPS combined-antigen I-ELISA detected antibody in slightly more animals exposed to SLPS or to RLPS than did I-ELISA procedures using each individual antigen separately. Similarly, the assay using combined antigens detected antibody in slightly fewer animals not exposed to Brucella sp. When a universal cutoff of 10% positivity was used (relative to strongly positive control sera of each species), the overall performance index (percentage sensitivity plus percentage specificity) value decreased by 1.0 (from 199.4 to 198.4). In the FPA, it was not possible to use a universal cutoff without significant loss of performance. The overall sensitivity value for the FPA using the combined FPA antigen was 1.0% lower than using the O-polysaccharide (OPS) from SLPS and 9.1% higher than using the core antigen (CORE) from RLPS. When the combined antigen was used, the FPA specificity was slightly higher (1.2%) than from only the OPS, and considerably higher (12.6%) than the CORE. Overall, both the I-ELISA and the FPA with combined antigens were suitable as screening tests for all species of Brucella in the animal species tested.
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416
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Yu W, Sato K, Wakabayashi M, Nakaishi T, Ko-Mitamura EP, Shima Y, Urabe I, Yomo T. Synthesis of functional protein in liposome. J Biosci Bioeng 2005; 92:590-3. [PMID: 16233152 DOI: 10.1263/jbb.92.590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2001] [Accepted: 09/06/2001] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The liposome consisting of eggPC, cholesterol, and DSPE-PEG5000 with a molar ratio of 1.5:1:0.08 was used to entrap cell-free protein synthesis reaction mixture. The synthesis of a mutant green fluorescent protein in the liposome was confirmed by the fluorescence emitted from the liposome on flow cytometry analysis and fluorescence microscopy. The protein synthesized in the liposome is hence functional.
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417
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Arndt JW, Yu W, Bi F, Stevens RC. Crystal structure of botulinum neurotoxin type G light chain. Acta Crystallogr A 2005. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767305089142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
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418
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Lee IJ, Brown SE, Yu W, Naughton MJ, Chaikin PM. Coexistence of superconductivity and antiferromagnetism probed by simultaneous nuclear magnetic resonance and electrical transport in (TMTSF)2PF6 system. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 94:197001. [PMID: 16090198 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.197001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2004] [Revised: 10/18/2004] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We report simultaneous NMR and electrical transport experiments in the pressure range near the boundary of the antiferromagnetic spin density wave (SDW) insulator and the metallic/superconducting (SC) phase in (TMTSF)2PF6. Measurements indicate a tricritical point separating a line of second-order SDW/metal transitions from a line of first-order SDW/metal(SC) transitions with coexistence of macroscopic regions of SDW and metal(SC) order, with little mutual interaction but strong hysteretic effects. NMR results quantify the fraction of each phase.
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419
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Yu W, Choi SUS. An effective thermal conductivity model of nanofluids with a cubical arrangement of spherical particles. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2005; 5:580-6. [PMID: 16004122 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2005.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The theoretical investigation of the effective thermal conductivities of nanofluids, a new class of solid-liquid suspensions, is important in both predicting and designing nanofluids with effective thermal conductivities. We have developed a new thermal conductivity model for nanofluids that is based on the assumption that monosized spherical particles are uniformly dispersed in the liquid and are located at the vertexes of a simple cubic lattice, with each particle surrounded by a liquid layer having a thermal conductivity that differs from that of the bulk liquid. This model nanofluid with a cubical arrangement of nanoparticles gives a more practical upper limit of thermal conduction than a model nanofluid with a parallel arrangement of nanoparticles. The new model unexpectedly shows a nonlinear relationship of thermal conductivity with particle concentration, whereas the conductivity-concentration curve changes from convex upward to concave upward with increasing volume concentration. The effects of particle and layer parameters on the effective thermal conductivities are also analyzed. A comparison of predicted thermal conductivity values and experimental data shows that the predicted values are much higher than the experimental data, a finding that indicates that there is a potential to further improve the effective thermal conductivities of nanofluids with more uniformly dispersed particles.
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420
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Yu W, Smith WS, Singh V, Ko NU, Cullen SP, Dowd CF, Halbach VV, Higashida RT. Long-term outcome of endovascular stenting for symptomatic basilar artery stenosis. Neurology 2005; 64:1055-7. [PMID: 15781826 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000154600.13460.7b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Eighteen patients underwent stenting for symptomatic basilar artery stenosis. There were three major periprocedural complications (16.7%) without fatality. At a mean 26.7 +/- 12.1-month follow-up, 15 patients (83.3%) had an excellent long-term outcome. Only one patient (5.6%) had moderate disability from recurrent stroke, and two patients died of medical illness at 30 and 36 months after stenting. In this uncontrolled study, stenting appeared to be effective in reducing stroke risk and death and worthy of further scrupulous trial.
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421
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Wu W, Chaikin PM, Kang W, Shinagawa J, Yu W, Brown SE. 77Se NMR probe of magnetic excitations of the magic angle effect in (TMTSF)2PF6. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 94:097004. [PMID: 15783991 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.097004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report 77Se spin-lattice relaxation rates for (TMTSF)2PF6, carried out in the regime where a set of spectacular transport anomalies known as the "magic angle effects" are observed. In situ resistance measurements (R(zz)) were used to verify the experimental conditions and give precise sample alignment information. We found that the 77Se T-11 exhibits no significant changes as the magnetic-field orientation is rotated through the magic angles, and conclude that there is no evidence for either a single-particle gap or a spin gap. The clearly observed field-induced spin-density wave transition temperature is also, unexpectedly, not enhanced at the magic angles.
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422
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Cowper D, Yu W, Kuebeler M, Kubal JD, Manheim LM, Ripley BA. Using GIS in government: an overview of the VHA's Healthcare Atlas, FY-2000. J Med Syst 2004; 28:257-69. [PMID: 15446616 DOI: 10.1023/b:joms.0000032843.52406.2f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The amount of VA data available for analysis can be overwhelming to individuals who need to translate these data into usable information. The Atlas, using current GIS technology, was funded to provide data in a comprehensive guide. Patients were identified using a disease classification scheme based on Kaiser Permanente methodology and the Clinical Classifications Software (AHRQ). Utilization data were extracted from the Medical SAS Datasets. Cost data were obtained from the HERC. GIS tools were used to create the Atlas. The Atlas overviews the location of VA hospitals; profiles veteran, VA enrollee and patient populations; examines overall utilization; depicts patterns in healthcare use by specific disease cohorts; and examines geographic variations in costs. This product will enhance knowledge of VA's enrolled patient population and their healthcare needs, and provide background information that will improve the formulation of specific research questions to address those needs.
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423
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Horowitz SH, Spollen LE, Yu W. Hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsy: fulminant development with axonal loss during military training. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2004; 75:1629-31. [PMID: 15489403 PMCID: PMC1738805 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2003.029314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsy (HNPP) is characterised by recurrent mononeuropathies following minor trauma. We describe a case of fulminant HNPP beginning on the first day of military physical training. Protracted weakness, muscle atrophy, hand contractures, and multifocal sensory loss developed during a further three weeks of basic training. Nerve conduction changes were typical of HNPP, but without segmental slowing. Electromyographically, there was prominent acute denervation in muscles of the hands and right shoulder. Sural nerve biopsy demonstrated tomaculae and remyelination. Genetic testing revealed PMP-22 gene deletion. This case report demonstrates that HNPP can present with rapidly progressive peripheral nerve dysfunction and electrophysiological evidence of focal axonal loss.
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Yu W, Pirollo KF, Rait A, Yu B, Xiang LM, Huang WQ, Zhou Q, Ertem G, Chang EH. A sterically stabilized immunolipoplex for systemic administration of a therapeutic gene. Gene Ther 2004; 11:1434-40. [PMID: 15229629 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A sterically stabilized immunolipoplex (TsPLP), containing an antitransferrin receptor single-chain antibody fragment (TfRscFv)-PEG molecule, has been developed to specifically and efficiently deliver a therapeutic gene to tumor cells. A postcoating preparation strategy was employed in which a DNA/lipid complex (lipoplex) was formed first and then sequentially conjugated with PEG and TfRscFv. The complex prepared by this method was shown to be superior in ability to deliver genes to tumor cells than when prepared by a common precoating strategy, in which DNA is mixed with TfRscFv-PEG conjugated liposome. Using prostate cancer cell line DU145, a comparison was made between the in vitro and in vivo gene delivery efficiencies of four complexes, Lipoplex (LP), PEG-Lipoplex (PLP), TfRscFv-PEG-Lipoplex (TsPLP) and our standard TfRscFv-Lipoplex (TsLP). In vitro, the order of transfection efficiency was TsLP>LP approximately TsPLP>PLP. However, in vivo the order of transfection efficiency, after systemic administration via the tail vein, was TsPLP>TsLP>LP or PLP with TsPLP-mediated exogenous gene expression in tumor being two-fold higher than when mediated by TsLP. This suggests that the in vitro transfection efficiency of TsPLP was not indicative of its in vivo efficiency. In addition, it was found that the level of exogenous gene expression in the tumor mediated by TsPLP was higher than that mediated by TsLP and did not decrease over the time. More importantly, high exogenous gene expression in tumor, but low expression in liver, was observed after an i.v. delivery of TsPLP carrying either the GFP reporter gene or the p53 gene, indicating that tumor preferential targeting was maintained by this complex in the presence of PEG. These findings show that incorporation of PEG into our targeted lipoplex results in a more efficient delivery of the complex to the tumor cells, possibly by inhibiting the first pass clearance observed with non-PEG containing liposomes. Therefore, these data demonstrate that TsPLP is a improvement over our previously established tumor targeted gene delivery complex for systemic gene therapy of cancer.
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Nielsen K, Smith P, Yu W, Nicoletti P, Elzer P, Vigliocco A, Silva P, Bermudez R, Renteria T, Moreno F, Ruiz A, Massengill C, Muenks Q, Kenny K, Tollersrud T, Samartino L, Conde S, Draghi De Benitez G, Gall D, Perez B, Rojas X. Enzyme immunoassay for the diagnosis of brucellosis: chimeric Protein A–Protein G as a common enzyme labeled detection reagent for sera for different animal species. Vet Microbiol 2004; 101:123-9. [PMID: 15172695 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2004.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2003] [Revised: 02/13/2004] [Accepted: 02/27/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A recombinant protein combining the immunoglobulin binding sites of Proteins A and G, conjugated with horseradish peroxidase was used as a universal detection reagent for the assessment of antibodies against Brucella spp. The reagent was applied in an indirect enzyme immunoassay for detection of antibodies to smooth lipopolysaccharide antigen in sera from Brucella spp. exposed and non-exposed cattle, sheep, goats and pigs and to antibodies to rough lipopolysaccharide in sheep, dogs and cattle. The results were similar to those obtained when murine monoclonal antibody-enzyme conjugates were used. An added advantage was that a universal cut-off for all tests using the proteins A and G detection reagent could be established, simplifying diagnostic interpretation of the data.
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