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Spitalská E, Literák I, Sparagano OAE, Golovchenko M, Kocianová E. Ticks (Ixodidae) from passerine birds in the Carpathian region. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2007; 118:759-64. [PMID: 17186172 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-006-0729-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Birds have been found to be a reservoir host of borrelia. In order to assess the situation in Slovakia ticks were collected from a total of 3057 mist-netted, ringed and released passerine birds in two locations at 500 m (in 2001) and 1000 m (in 2003) above sea level in the Bukovské Vrchy Hills, part of the Carpathian region in the north-east of Slovakia. A total of 75 birds of 16 species were infested with subadult ticks of Ixodes ricinus species (prevalence of parasitization 5%). Sixty-two larvae from 31 birds of 9 species and 80 nymphs from 52 birds of 15 species were found. The highest intensity of parasitization was observed on blackbirds Turdus merula, song thrushes T. philomelos and dunnocks Prunella modularis. Six Ixodes ricinus adult ticks were found on humans working with birds, and one I. ricinus female tick on their dog. In ticks, the presence of Rickettsia sp., Coxiella burnetii, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and members of the Anaplasmataceae and Piroplasmidae, were investigated by polymerase chain reaction, followed by sequence analysis. Rickettsia sp. was found in 1 nymph from the European robin Erithacus rubecula, in 3 adult ticks (1 male, 2 females) from humans and in the tick from the dog. The closely related Ehrlichia- like species "Schotti variant" was detected in 1 nymph from the song thrush. Borrelia afzelii was identified in 1 male and B. garinii in 1 female tick collected on humans. Ixodes ricinus was found to be the vector of a wide spectrum of tick-borne pathogens in a mountainous area of the Carpathians. Because of the low yield of ticks and pathogens the importance of birds as reservoir hosts is still poorly understood.
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402
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Unsworth NB, Stenos J, Graves SR, Faa AG, Cox GE, Dyer JR, Boutlis CS, Lane AM, Shaw MD, Robson J, Nissen MD. Flinders Island Spotted Fever Rickettsioses Caused by “marmionii” Strain ofRickettsia honei,Eastern Australia. Emerg Infect Dis 2007; 13:566-73. [PMID: 17553271 PMCID: PMC2725950 DOI: 10.3201/eid1304.050087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Australia has 4 rickettsial diseases: murine typhus, Queensland tick typhus, Flinders Island spotted fever, and scrub typhus. We describe 7 cases of a rickettsiosis with an acute onset and symptoms of fever (100%), headache (71%), arthralgia (43%), myalgia (43%), cough (43%), maculopapular/petechial rash (43%), nausea (29%), pharyngitis (29%), lymphadenopathy (29%), and eschar (29%). Cases were most prevalent in autumn and from eastern Australia, including Queensland, Tasmania, and South Australia. One patient had a history of tick bite (Haemaphysalis novaeguineae). An isolate shared 99.2%, 99.8%, 99.8%, 99.9%, and 100% homology with the 17 kDa, ompA, gltA, 16S rRNA, and Sca4 genes, respectively, of Rickettsia honei. This Australian rickettsiosis has similar symptoms to Flinders Island spotted fever, and the strain is genetically related to R. honei. It has been designated the "marmionii" strain of R. honei, in honor of Australian physician and scientist Barrie Marmion.
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403
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Pichon B, Kahl O, Hammer B, Gray JS. Pathogens and host DNA in Ixodes ricinus nymphal ticks from a German forest. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2007; 6:382-7. [PMID: 17187573 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2006.6.382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Unfed nymphs of Ixodes ricinus were collected from vegetation in a forest on the outskirts of Berlin, Germany and were analyzed for host and pathogen DNA. Pathogens were detected in 47% of the ticks. Borrelia afzelii was the commonest pathogen detected, followed by Rickettsia helvetica. Other pathogens included B. valaisiana, B. garinii, B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and a relapsing fever-like Borrelia. Most of the host DNA detected was of rodent origin and was associated with infection by B. afzelii, R. helvetica, and A. phagocytophilum. Bird DNA was associated with B. valaisiana and B. garinii, and ruminant DNA with A. phagocytophilum. B. afzelii was also found in two ticks that contained bird DNA.
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404
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405
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Carmichael JR, Fuerst PA. A rickettsial mixed infection in a Dermacentor variabilis tick from Ohio. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1078:334-7. [PMID: 17114734 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1374.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We present the first report of superinfection in a Dermacentor variabilis tick from nature. The single tick, collected in Ohio, was found infected with Rickettsia belli, R. nontanensis, and R. rickettsii.
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406
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Samoylenko IE, Kumpan LV, Shpynov SN, Obert AS, Butakov OV, Rudakov NV. Methods of isolation and cultivation of new Rickettsiae from the Nosoarea of the north Asian tick typhus in Siberia. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1078:613-6. [PMID: 17114789 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1374.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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407
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Quesada M, Sanfeliu I, Cardeñosa N, Segura F. Ten years' experience of isolation of Rickettsia spp. from blood samples using the shell-vial cell culture assay. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1078:578-81. [PMID: 17114782 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1374.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Two strategies to improve the efficacy of the shell-vial method for Rickettsia were analyzed. Blood samples from 59 patients with Mediterranean spotted fever (MSF) were examined using the shell-vial technique. (i) DNA from positive lenses was obtained when they were contaminated. (ii) Blood sample from one patient was cultured in 17 shell-vials. R. conorii was identified in four cases by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-RFLP. Three of these were obtained from cells adherent to lenses and the fourth one by using total patient blood sample. Rickettsia isolation using all blood samples as well as DNA from shell-vial lenses could be useful in the study of rickettsial infections.
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408
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Ogawa M, Matsumoto K, Parola P, Philippe P, Raoult D, Brouqui P. Expression of rOmpA and rOmpB protein in Rickettsia massiliae during the Rhipicephalus turanicus life cycle. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1078:352-6. [PMID: 17114739 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1374.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Rhipicephalus turanicus tick colony infected in the laboratory with Rickettsia massiliae showed that the rickettsia is transovarially and transdatially tramsmitted. The expression of rOmpB did not change with temperature or the stages of the tick life cycle. In contrast, rOmpA was less expressed during the larval stage.
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409
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Pinter A, Labruna MB. Isolation of Rickettsia rickettsii and Rickettsia bellii in cell culture from the tick Amblyomma aureolatum in Brazil. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1078:523-9. [PMID: 17114770 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1374.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Brazilian spotted fever (BSF) is a highly lethal disease caused by Rickettsia rickettsii. In the present study, rickettsial infection was evaluated in 669 Amblyomma aureolatum adult ticks collected from naturally infested dogs in Taiaçupeba, a BSF-endemic area in the state of São Paulo. Ten (1.49%) ticks were infected with Rickettsia bellii, and 6 (0.89%) ticks were infected with R. rickettsii. Both Rickettsia species were isolated and established in Vero cell cultures. The Rickettsia isolates were characterized by molecular analyses, sequencing fragments of different rickettsial genes. Our results suggest that A. aureolatum is an important vector of R. rickettsii in Brazil.
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410
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Stańczak J. The occurrence of Spotted Fever Group (SFG) Rickettsiae in Ixodes ricinus ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) in northern Poland. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1078:512-4. [PMID: 17114767 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1374.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Ixodes ricinus, the most commonly observed tick species in Poland, is known vector of microorganisms pathogenic for humans as TBE virus, Borrelia burgdorferi s.1., Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Babesia sp. in this country. Our study aimed to find out whether this tick can also transmit also rickettsiae of the spotted fever group (SFG). DNA extracts from 560 ticks (28 females, 34 males, and 488 nymphs) collected in different wooded areas in northern Poland were examined by PCR for the detection of Rickettsia sp., using a primer set RpCS.877p and RpCS.1258n designated to amplify a 381-bp fragment of gltA gene. A total of 2.9% ticks was found to be positive. The percentage of infected females and males was comparable (10.5% and 11.8%, respectively) and 6.6-7.6 times higher than in nymphs (1.6%). Sequences of four PCR-derived DNA fragments (acc. no. DQ672603) demonstrated 99% similarity with the sequence of Rickettsia helvetica deposited in GenBank. The results obtained suggest the possible role of I. ricinus as a source of a microorganism, which recently has been identified as an agent of human rickettsioses in Europe.
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411
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Gehrke FS, Mendes do Nascimento EM, Rodrigues de Souza E, Colombo S, Jacintho da Silva L, Schumaker TTS. Detection of Rickettsia rickettsii and Rickettsia sp. in blood clots in 24 patients from different municipalities of the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1078:260-2. [PMID: 17114719 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1374.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The authors detected Rickettsia genus organisms using shell vial and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/sequencing analysis in blood clots in patients suspected of having Brazilian spotted fever (BSF). DNA was detected using PCR with three sets of primers to access the gltA, ompA, and ompB genes. Sequence analysis was carried out using an automatic sequencer with Bioedit software. Seventy-five percent of the culture samples were positive and all samples amplified rickettsial gene fragments. To date, 46% of the samples have been sequenced.
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412
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Ortuño A, Quesada M, López S, Miret J, Cardeñosa N, Castellà J, Anton E, Segura F. Prevalence of Rickettsia slovaca in Dermacentor marginatus ticks removed from wild boar (Sus scrofa) in northeastern Spain. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1078:324-7. [PMID: 17114731 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1374.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Rickettsia slovaca, the causative agent of TIBOLA, is transmitted by Dermacentor ticks. Dermacentor marginatus is the most widely species distributed in northeastern Spain, and the wild boar constitutes the main host. D. marginatus ticks were collected from hunter-killed wild boar and were tested by PCR/RFLP. Rickettsial DNA-positive ticks were sequenced using the ompA PCR primers. The prevalence of R. slovaca in D. marginatus ticks was 17.7%. Other spotted fever group rickettsiae were detected in ticks, but these were not definitely identified.
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413
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Macaluso KR, Mulenga A, Simser JA, Azad AF. Characterization of Dermacentor variabilis molecules associated with Rickettsial infection. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1078:384-8. [PMID: 17114746 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1374.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
To ultimately define the virulence factors of rickettsiae, an understanding of the biology of the organism is essential. Comprehension of the pathogen-human interaction is critical to the development of control measures; and, in the case of vector-borne diseases, the role of the vector in maintaining and transmitting pathogens to vertebrate hosts is crucial to ultimate control. Recent studies have identified tick molecules that are likely involved in the tick-rickettsiae interchange, including tick response to infection and possible molecules exploited by rickettsiae during transmission events. We have further characterized several tick-derived molecules, including a histamine release factor, serine proteases, and lysozymes.
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414
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Wölfel R, Terzioglu R, Kiessling J, Wilhelm S, Essbauer S, Pfeffer M, Dobler G. Rickettsia spp. in Ixodes ricinus ticks in Bavaria, Germany. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1078:509-11. [PMID: 17114766 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1374.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to provide information on the occurrence of spotted fever rickettsiae in Ixodes ricinus ticks in southern Germany. A total of 2,141 I. ricinus ticks was collected in Bavaria. Pools of 5-10 ticks were studied by a PCR targeting the rickettsial citrate synthase gene gltA. The average prevalence rate was 12% (257 of 2,141). Sequencing data exclusively identified Rickettsia helvetica DNA. Results and other data demonstrate the possible role of R. helvetica in I. ricinus as a source of human infections in southern Germany.
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415
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Abstract
Rickettsia is emerging in the subcontinent and clinically presents as non-specific febrile illness. At present there is no cheap & easily available diagnostic tool in our hand. Beside this, Weil-Felix test is becoming abandoned. So, high index of clinical suspicions is essential to diagnose rickettsia at early stage and to prevent mortality & morbidity. 40 cases were recorded among the admitted febrile patients in MMCH since 2003 to 2005. Cases were selected by clinical suspicions; exclusions of other common febrile illness & thereafter supported by lab. Investigations, specially by positive Weil-felix test. Cases were distributed through out the year but 19 (47.5%) cases were detected in March to May. 12 (30%) cases were found in August to October. The remaining 9 cases were detected in the rest 6 months. All (40) cases were presented with fever (100%), headache was present in 33 (82.5%) cases, rashes were present in 15 (37.5%) cases, isolated splenomegaly was found in 15 (37.5%) cases & hepatosplenomegaly in 12 (30%) cases, arthralgia in 13 (32.5%) cases, lymphadenopathy in 5 (12.5%) cases; 2 (5%) cases attended with unconsciousness & epistaxis in 1 (2.25%) case. Scrub typhus were 19 (47.5%), Indian tick typhus 16 (40%), 5 (12.5%) cases were with dual pathology and were associated with enteric fever. 15 (37.5%) cases were treated with tetracycline only. 20 (50%) cases with only doxyclycline & 5 (12.5%) cases with tetracycline and ceftriaxone as these cases were associated with enteric fever. All patients (100%) cured with treatment.
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416
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Reeves WK, Loftis AD, Szumlas DE, Abbassy MM, Helmy IM, Hanafi HA, Dasch GA. Rickettsial pathogens in the tropical rat mite Ornithonyssus bacoti (Acari: Macronyssidae) from Egyptian rats (Rattus spp.). EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2007; 41:101-7. [PMID: 17225079 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-006-9040-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2006] [Accepted: 11/20/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We collected and tested 616 tropical rat mites (Ornithonyssus bacoti (Hirst)) from rats (Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout) and R. rattus (Linnaeus)) throughout 14 governorates in Egypt and tested DNA extracts from pools of these mites for Bartonella spp., Coxiella burnetii, and Rickettsia spp. by PCR amplification and sequencing. Three different mite-associated bacterial agents, including one Bartonella and two Rickettsia spp., were detected in eight pools of mites. Further research could demonstrate the vector potential of mites and pathogenicity of these agents to humans or animals.
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417
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Pacheco RC, Moraes-Filho J, Nava S, Brandão PE, Richtzenhain LJ, Labruna MB. Detection of a novel spotted fever group rickettsia in Amblyomma parvum ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) from Argentina. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2007; 43:63-71. [PMID: 17768597 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-007-9099-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2007] [Accepted: 08/09/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the rickettsial infection in Amblyomma parvum ticks collected in Northwestern Córdoba Province, Argentina. Each tick was subjected to DNA extraction and tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting fragments of the rickettsial genes gltA and ompB. Nine (69.2%) out of 13 adult ticks yielded expected PCR products for the two rickettsial genes. Products from the ompB PCR were sequenced, generating DNA sequences 100% identical for the nine PCR-positive ticks. Three of these ticks were tested in another battery of PCR targeting fragments of the rickettsial genes gltA, htrA, and ompA. Products from the gltA, htrA, and ompA PCRs were sequenced generating DNA sequences 100% identical for the three PCR-positive ticks. The rickettsia detected in the A. parvum ticks was designated as Rickettsia sp. strain Argentina. Phylogenetic analyses performed with partial sequences of the rickettsial genes gltA, htrA, ompB, and ompA showed that Rickettsia sp. strain Argentina belonged to the spotted fever group, being distinct from all known Rickettsia species and genotypes available in GenBank, representing possibly a new Rickettsia species. This was the first evidence of rickettsial infection in the tick A. parvum, and the third report of rickettsial infection among the Argentinean tick fauna. The role of Rickettsia sp. strain Argentina as a human pathogen is unknown. Further studies are needed to obtain tissue-cultured isolates of Rickettsia sp. strain Argentina, in order to better characterize it and to determine its taxonomic status as a new species.
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418
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Inokuma H, Ohashi M, Tanabe S, Miyahara K. Prevalence of Tick-Borne Rickettsia and Ehrlichia in Ixodes persulcatus and Ixodes ovatus in Tokachi District, Eastern Hokkaido, Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2007; 69:661-4. [PMID: 17611367 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.69.661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA from 111 ticks collected by flagging in Tokachi district, Eastern Hokkaido, Japan were examined for infection with Rickettsia and Ehrlichia, by PCR and sequencing methodology. For Rickettsia, analysis of the partial sequence of the citrate synthase gene was successfully performed on 11 DNA samples from I. persulcatus, and 7 of them showed 99.8% identical with Rickettsia helvetica while the other 4 showed 99.8% identical with ;Candidatus Rickettsia tarasevichiae'. For Ehrlichia, a partial sequence of the 16S rRNA gene detected from I. persulcatus was 100% identical with that from Ehrlichia muris, and another DNA sample from I. ovatus showed 99.8% identical with Ehrlichia species detected from I. ovatus. The results suggest that the pathogens detected here might be distributed in this area.
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419
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Lepidi H, Fournier PE, Raoult D. Histologic features and immunodetection of African tick-bite fever eschar. Emerg Infect Dis 2006; 12:1332-7. [PMID: 17073080 PMCID: PMC3294730 DOI: 10.3201/eid1209.051540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunohistochemical detection of rickettsial antigens may be useful in diagnosis. African tick-bite fever (ATBF) is a rickettsiosis caused by Rickettsia africae. We describe histologic features and immunodetection of R. africae in cutaneous inoculation eschars from 8 patients with ATBF, which was diagnosed by culture or association of positive PCR detection and positive serologic results. We used quantitative image analysis to compare the pattern of inflammation of these eschars with those from Mediterranean spotted fever. We evaluated the diagnostic value of immunohistochemical techniques by using a monoclonal antibody to R. africae. ATBF eschars were histologically characterized by inflammation of vessels composed mainly of significantly more polymorphonuclear leukocytes than are found in cases of Mediterranean spotted fever (p<0.05). Small amounts R. africae antigens were demonstrated by immunohistochemical examination in 6 of 8 patients with ATBF. Neutrophils in ATBF are a notable component of the host reaction, perhaps because ATBF is a milder disease than the other rickettsioses. Immunohistochemical detection of rickettsial antigens may be useful in diagnosing ATBF.
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420
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Fujita H, Fournier PE, Takada N, Saito T, Raoult D. Rickettsia asiatica sp. nov., isolated in Japan. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2006; 56:2365-2368. [PMID: 17012563 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.64177-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The characterization of a novel Rickettsia species, first isolated from Ixodes ovatus ticks in Japan in 1993, is described for which the name Rickettsia asiatica sp. nov. is proposed. Using multilocus sequence comparison, five rickettsial isolates from I. ovatus collected at various locations in Japan were found to be identical but belonged to a novel species. Serotyping also demonstrated this rickettsia to be distinct from previously described Rickettsia species. The type strain of Rickettsia asiatica sp. nov. is IO-1(T) (=CSUR R2(T)). Following discussions held at the meeting of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes (ICSP) and its Judicial Commission (JC) in San Francisco, 2005, and in anticipation of the published minutes of the JC and ICSP, a committee consisting of the chairman of the ICSP, the chairman of the Judicial Commission of the ICSP and the Editor of the IJSEM has granted an exception in this case to the Rule governing the deposit of type material in two different collections in two different countries.
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421
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Labruna MB, Pacheco RC, Richtzenhain LJ, Szabó MPJ. Isolation of Rickettsia rhipicephali and Rickettsia bellii from Haemaphysalis juxtakochi ticks in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006; 73:869-73. [PMID: 17142361 PMCID: PMC1800744 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02249-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, attempts to isolate Rickettsia in cell culture were performed individually in seven specimens of Haemaphysalis juxtakochi ticks collected in the state of São Paulo (southeastern Brazil). Rickettsia was successfully isolated by the shell vial technique and established in Vero cell culture from six ticks (six isolates). DNA extracted from infected cells of these isolates was tested by PCR and DNA sequencing, using genus-specific Rickettsia primers targeting the genes gltA, htrA, ompA, and ompB. After the generated sequences were compared with available sequences in GenBank, five out of the six isolates were identified as Rickettsia bellii (isolates HJ#1, HJ#2, HJ#3, HJ#4, and HJ#7). The sixth isolate (HJ#5) was closest to Rickettsia sp. strain R300, previously detected in H. juxtakochi in northern Brazil, and to Rickettsia rhipicephali, isolated from ticks in the United States. Following recent gene sequence-based criteria proposed for the identification of Rickettsia isolates, both isolate HJ#5 and strain R300 were identified as South American strains of R. rhipicephali, which was confirmed in this continent for the first time. Isolation of R. bellii from H. juxtakochi ticks, added to eight other tick species that have been reported to be infected with this bacterium in Brazil, indicates that R. bellii is indeed the most frequent Rickettsia species infecting ticks in Brazil. Currently, the role of both R. rhipicephali and R. bellii as human pathogens is regarded as unknown.
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422
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Kim CM, Yi YH, Yu DH, Lee MJ, Cho MR, Desai AR, Shringi S, Klein TA, Kim HC, Song JW, Baek LJ, Chong ST, O'guinn ML, Lee JS, Lee IY, Park JH, Foley J, Chae JS. Tick-borne rickettsial pathogens in ticks and small mammals in Korea. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006; 72:5766-76. [PMID: 16957192 PMCID: PMC1563606 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00431-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to investigate the prevalence of tick-borne infectious agents among ticks, ticks comprising five species from two genera (Hemaphysalis spp. and Ixodes spp.) were screened using molecular techniques. Ticks (3,135) were collected from small wild-caught mammals or by dragging/flagging in the Republic of Korea (ROK) and were pooled into a total of 1,638 samples (1 to 27 ticks per pool). From the 1,638 tick samples, species-specific fragments of Anaplasma phagocytophilum (1 sample), Anaplasma platys (52 samples), Ehrlichia chaffeensis (29 samples), Ehrlichia ewingii (2 samples), Ehrlichia canis (18 samples), and Rickettsia rickettsii (28 samples) were amplified by PCR assay. Twenty-one pooled and individual tick samples had mixed infections of two (15 samples) or three (6 samples) pathogens. In addition, 424 spleen samples from small captured mammals (389 rodents, 33 insectivores, and 2 weasels) were screened for selected zoonotic pathogens. Species-specific DNA fragments of A. phagocytophilum (110 samples), A. platys (68 samples), E. chaffeensis (8 samples), E. ewingii (26 samples), E. canis (51 samples), and Rickettsia sp. (22 samples) were amplified by PCR assay. One hundred thirty small mammals had single infections, while 4, 14, and 21 striped field mice (Apodemus agrarius) had mixed infections of four, three, and two pathogens, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on nucleotide sequence comparison also revealed that Korean strains of E. chaffeensis clustered closely with those from China and the United States, while the Rickettsia (rOmpA) sequences clustered within a clade together with a Chinese strain. These results suggest that these agents should be considered in differential diagnosis while examining cases of acute febrile illnesses in humans as well as animals in the ROK.
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423
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Jasinskas A, Zhong J, Barbour AG. Highly prevalent Coxiella sp. bacterium in the tick vector Amblyomma americanum. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006; 73:334-6. [PMID: 17085709 PMCID: PMC1797106 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02009-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Laboratory-reared and field-collected Amblyomma americanum ticks were hosts of a Coxiella sp. and a Rickettsia sp. While the Coxiella sp. was detected in 50 of 50 field-collected ticks, the Rickettsia sp. was absent from 32% of ticks. The Coxiella sp. showed evidence of a reduced genome and may be an obligate endosymbiont.
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424
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Zhang L, Jin J, Fu X, Raoult D, Fournier PE. Genetic differentiation of Chinese isolates of Rickettsia sibirica by partial ompA gene sequencing and multispacer typing. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 44:2465-7. [PMID: 16825365 PMCID: PMC1489477 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02272-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Current data on rickettsiae and rickettsial diseases in China remain limited. Using partial ompA gene sequencing and multispacer typing, we identified 15 rickettsial isolates from China. All isolates were found to belong to Rickettsia sibirica subsp. sibirica. Four isolates from Dermacentor sinicus collected in Beijing, China, were fully identical to strain BJ-90, previously demonstrated to belong to R. sibirica subsp. sibirica despite antigenic and genotypic specificities. All 11 remaining isolates were similar to the R. sibirica subsp. sibirica type strain, 246. These were widely distributed in China in humans and different tick species. We emphasize the importance of surveying the distribution of R. sibirica in China.
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425
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Fernández-Soto P, Pérez-Sánchez R, Díaz Martín V, Encinas-Grandes A, Alamo Sanz R. Rickettsia massiliae in ticks removed from humans in Castilla y León, Spain. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2006; 25:811-3. [PMID: 17061097 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-006-0217-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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