426
|
Morgan K, Spurlock G, Collins PA, Mir MA. Interaction of inhibitin with the human erythrocyte Na+(Li+)i/Nao+ exchanger. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1989; 979:53-61. [PMID: 2917166 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(89)90522-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The kinetic interactions of inhibitin, a peptide isolated from cultured leukaemic promyelocytes, with erythrocyte Na+/Na+ and Na+/Li+ exchanges have been investigated. Inhibitin (1 microM) reduced the ouabain- and bumetanide-resistant sodium efflux and influx by equivalent amounts indicating an inhibitin-sensitive exchange component of 0.52 mmol/l per h. This value was not significantly different from that measured as the difference in sodium-rich (140 mM) and sodium-free media (0.49 mmol/l per h). Similarly, the inhibitin-sensitive lithium efflux was equivalent to the sodium/lithium countertransport component (0.36 vs. 0.34 mmol/l per h), indicating that both exchanges were mediated by the same transport process, which is inhibitin-sensitive. The dose-response curve revealed the presence of a single inhibitin binding site per exchanger with a Ki of 2.10(-7) M. In kinetic inhibition studies, inhibitin (0.1 microM) decreased the Vmax of ouabain- and bumetanide-resistant sodium efflux with no effect on the Km for external sodium, i.e., inhibitin displayed a non-competitive mechanism of action. These findings indicate that inhibitin interacts with the Na+(Li+)i/Nao+ exchanger at a site distinct from the sodium binding site.
Collapse
|
427
|
Morgan K, Clague RB, Collins I, Ayad S, Phinn SD, Holt PJ. A longitudinal study of anticollagen antibodies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 1989; 32:139-45. [PMID: 2465767 DOI: 10.1002/anr.1780320205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies to native and denatured collagens (types I, II, IX, and XI) were measured in sequential serum samples collected over 1.5-8.7 years (median 4.3) from 15 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Eleven patients were seropositive and 4 were seronegative. Disease duration ranged from 3 years to 25 years before the first sample was tested. The patients showed a selective and varying response to collagens, even after disease had been present for a long time. Changes in the levels of antibody to one collagen type were not necessarily linked to changes in the levels of antibody to other collagens. Only some patients showed a strong correlation between C-reactive protein levels (a measure of disease activity) and antibodies to individual collagens. These findings suggest that rheumatoid arthritis patients produce antibodies to a wide variety of epitopes on these collagen molecules, as a result of different antigenic epitopes being exposed by cartilage degradation at different times throughout the disease.
Collapse
|
428
|
Bassey EJ, Morgan K, Dallosso HM, Ebrahim SB. Flexibility of the shoulder joint measured as range of abduction in a large representative sample of men and women over 65 years of age. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY AND OCCUPATIONAL PHYSIOLOGY 1989; 58:353-60. [PMID: 2920713 DOI: 10.1007/bf00643509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In a representative survey of 1000 elderly men and women aged over 65 years living in their own homes, assessments have been made of flexibility measured as range of shoulder abduction in addition to health status, psychological well-being and reported customary activity. The results for shoulder abduction were approximately normally distributed and the mean values (+/- 1 standard deviation) were as follows: - in men aged 65-74 years, 129 (+/- 14) degrees and aged over 74 years, 121 (+/- 19) degrees; in women aged 65-74 years, 124 (+/- 19) degrees and aged over 74 years, 114 (+/- 22) degrees. These mean values are about 30 degrees less than those accepted for younger subjects. Nearly half the distribution falls below the accepted threshold level of 120 degrees for adequate function. There were significant effects of sex and age (P less than 0.001); women had poorer flexibility and the reduction with age amounted to 10 degrees per decade. Multiple regression analysis showed that the effect of age was accounted for in part by health, strength and customary use. The effects of use were most marked in those with some disability. This suggests that maintained or increased use could offset some of the age-related loss of the range of shoulder movement.
Collapse
|
429
|
Spurlock G, Morgan K, Mir MA. Characterization of Na+ transport in normal human fibroblasts and neoplastic H.Ep.2 cells and the role of inhibitin. J Membr Biol 1988; 106:219-31. [PMID: 3244157 DOI: 10.1007/bf01872160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Na+ transport was characterized in normal human fibroblasts and neoplastic H.Ep.2 cells in order to investigate the role of the endogenous peptidic factor 'inhibitin' that is secreted by a variety of neoplastic cells (including H.Ep.2) and inhibits Na+/Na+ exchange in human erythrocytes. Although active (Na+,K+-ATPase mediated) Na+ fluxes were similar in the two cell types, H.Ep.2 cells maintained higher intracellular Na+ concentration (26 mM) compared to fibroblasts (12 mM). An analysis of passive Na+ fluxes showed a difference in the handling of Na+ via ouabain and bumetanide-insensitive transport between the two cell types: H.Ep.2 cells achieved net Na+ influx via an amiloride-sensitive pathway that was only demonstrated in fibroblasts when 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) was present. Kinetic studies were undertaken to investigate the interaction between Na+ flux via Na+/H+ and Na+/Na+ exchanges. For this purpose, an outwardly directed Na+ gradient was created by loading the cells with Na+ (Nai greater than 100 mM) to activate the reverse functioning of Na+/H+ exchange (i.e., Na+out H+in). The rates of ouabain- and bumetanide-insensitive Na+ efflux were measured over a range of extracellular Na+ concentrations (Na+o 14-140 mM). In the presence of 10% FCS, the two cell types showed different responses: in fibroblasts the Na+ efflux rate showed an inverse correlation with extracellular Na+ concentration, while H.Ep.2 cells significantly increased their rate of Na+ efflux as extracellular Na+ concentration increased. So although the thermodynamic force would direct net Na+ efflux when Na+i greater than Na+o, H.Ep.2 cells were under kinetic control to perform Na+/Na+ exchange. When exogenous inhibitin was tested on fibroblasts, the steady-state intracellular Na+ concentration increased from 14 to 19 mM (p less than 0.01). In Na+-loaded fibroblasts, serum-stimulated Na+ efflux was partially inhibitin sensitive and the maximal inhibitory effect was seen when extracellular Na+ concentration was 14 mM and presumably the Na+/H+ exchanger operating in the reverse mode. This study demonstrated that, in contrast to fibroblasts, H.Ep.2 cells have a modified Na+/H+ exchange system whereby it acts in the Na+in H+out mode without exogenous growth factor activation and resists functioning in the reversed mode. It is proposed that inhibitin is the endogenous modifier of this transport system in H.Ep.2 cells with the result that H.Ep.2 cells maintain a higher concentration of intracellular Na+ compared to fibroblasts.
Collapse
|
430
|
Morgan K, Buckee C, Collins I, Ayad S, Clague RB, Holt PJ. Antibodies to type II and XI collagens: evidence for the formation of antigen specific as well as cross reacting antibodies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 1988; 47:1008-13. [PMID: 3207381 PMCID: PMC1003656 DOI: 10.1136/ard.47.12.1008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Antigen specific and cross reacting antibodies to native and denatured types II and XI collagen were detected in the sera of rats immunised with either of these antigens. The antibodies from rats immunised with type XI collagen initially showed the strongest binding to the alpha 2(XI) chain of type XI collagen but later binding to the alpha 3(XI) chain was seen. Sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis had antibodies that bound to both type II and XI collagens. Immunoblotting studies showed that most patients had antibodies which bound to the alpha 1(II) chain of type II collagen and to the alpha 3(XI) chain of type XI collagen. Some patients also had antibodies which bound to the alpha 1(XI) and to the alpha 2(XI) chains of type XI collagen. Thus antibodies to unique as well as to common epitopes on each of the two types of collagen molecule occur in some patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Collapse
|
431
|
Albajar C, Albrow MG, Allkofer OC, Astbury A, Aubert B, Axon T, Bacci C, Bacon T, Bains N, Batley JR, Bauer G, Beingessner S, Bellinger J, Bettini A, Bezaguet A, Bonino R, Bos K, Brion JP, Buckley E, Busetto G, Catz P, Cennini P, Centro S, Ceradini F, Charlton DG, Ciapetti G, Cittolin S, Clarke D, Cline D, Cochet C, Colas J, Colas P, Corden M, Coughlan JA, Cox G, Dau D, DeBeer M, DeGiorgi M, Negra MD, Demoulin M, Denby B, Denegri D, DiCiaccio A, Diez Hedo FJ, Dobrzynski L, Dorenbosch J, Dowell JD, Duchovni E, Edgecock R, Eggert K, Eisenhandler E, Ellis N, Erhard P, Faissner H, Fensome IF, Ferrando A, Fincke-Keeler M, Flynn P, Fontaine G, Garvey J, Gee D, Geer S, Geiser A, Ghesquiere C, Ghez P, Ghiglino C, Giraud-Heraud Y, Givernaud A, Gonidec A, Grassmann H, Grayer G, Haynes W, Haywood SJ, Holthuizen DJ, Honma A, Ikeda M, Jank W, Jimack M, Jorat G, Kalmus PIP, Karimaki V, Keeler R, Kenyon I, Kernan A, Khan A, Kienzle W, Kinnunen R, Krammer M, Kroll J, Kryn D, Lacava F, Landon M, Laugier JP, Lees JP, Leuchs R, Levegr�n S, Li S, Linglin D, Locci E, Long K, Markiewicz T, Markou C, Markytan M, Marquina MA, Maurin G, Mendiburu JP, Meneguzzo A, Merlo JP, Meyer T, Minard MN, Mohammadi M, Morgan K, Moricca M, Moser HG, Mours B, Muller T, Nandi A, Naumann L, Nedelec P, Nisati A, Norton A, Pauss F, Perault C, Petrolo E, Mortari GP, Pietarinen E, Pigot C, Pimi� M, Placci A, Porte JP, Preischl M, Radermacher E, Ransdell J, Redelberger T, Reithler H, Revol JP, Richman J, Robinson D, Rodrigo T, Rohlf J, Rossi P, Rubbia C, Ruhm W, Sajot G, Salvini G, Sass J, Samyn D, Savoy-Navarro A, Schinzel D, Schr�der M, Schwartz A, Scott W, Seez C, Shah TP, Sheer I, Siotis I, Smith D, Sobie R, Sphicas P, Strauss J, Streets J, Stubenrauch C, Summers D, Sumorok K, Szoncso F, Tao C, Taurok A, Have I, Tether S, Thompson G, Tscheslog E, Tuominiemi J, Dijk A, Eijk B, Vialle JP, Villasenor L, Virdee TS, Schmitt H, Schlippe W, Vrana J, Vuillemin V, Wacker K, Walzel G, Watkims P, Wildish A, Wingerter I, Wimpenny SJ, Wu X, Wulz CE, Wyatt T, Yvert M, Zaccardelli C, Zacharov I, Zaganidis N, Zanello L, Zotto P. Study of heavy flavour production in events with a muon accompanied by jet(s) at the CERN proton-antiproton collider. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01549709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
432
|
Grundy P, Koufos A, Morgan K, Li FP, Meadows AT, Cavenee WK. Familial predisposition to Wilms' tumour does not map to the short arm of chromosome 11. Nature 1988; 336:374-6. [PMID: 2848199 DOI: 10.1038/336374a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Wilms' tumour of the kidney usually occurs sporadically, but can also segregate as an autosomal dominant trait with incomplete penetrance. Patients with the WAGR syndrome of aniridia, genitourinary anomalies, mental retardation and high risk of Wilms' tumour have overlapping deletions of chromosome 11p13 which has suggested a possible location for a Wilms' tumour locus. Moreover, many sporadic tumours have lost a portion of chromosome 11p. A second locus at 11p15 is implicated by association of the tumour with the Wiedemann-Beckwith syndrome and by tumour-specific losses of chromosome 11 confined to 11p15. Here we report a multipoint linkage analysis of a family segregating for Wilms' tumour, using polymorphic DNA markers mapped to chromosome 11p. The results exclude the predisposing mutation from both locations. In a second family, the 11p15 alleles lost in the tumour were derived from the affected parent, thus precluding this region as the location of the inherited mutation. These findings imply an aetiological heterogeneity for Wilms' tumour and raise questions concerning the general applicability of the carcinogenesis model that has been useful in the understanding of retinoblastoma.
Collapse
|
433
|
Blake AJ, Morgan K, Bendall MJ, Dallosso H, Ebrahim SB, Arie TH, Fentem PH, Bassey EJ. Falls by elderly people at home: prevalence and associated factors. Age Ageing 1988; 17:365-72. [PMID: 3266440 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/17.6.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 709] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Of 1042 individuals aged 65 years and over who were successfully interviewed in a community survey of health and physical activity, 35% (n = 356) reported one or more falls in the preceding year. Although the overall ratio of female fallers to male fallers was 2.7:1, this ratio approached unity with advancing age. Mobility was significantly impaired in those reporting falls. Asked to provide a reason for their falls, 53% reported tripping, 8% dizziness and 6% reported blackouts. A further 19% were unable to give a reason. There was no association between falls and the use of diuretics, antihypertensives or tranquilizers, but a significant association between falls and the use of hypnotics and antidepressants was found. Discriminant analysis of selected medical and anthropometric variables indicated that handgrip strength in the dominant hand and reported symptoms of arthritis, giddiness and foot difficulties were most influential in predicting reports of recent falls.
Collapse
|
434
|
Löhner R, Morgan K, Vahdati M, Boris JP, Book DL. FEM-FCT: Combining unstructured grids with high resolution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1002/cnm.1630040605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
435
|
Beck F, Samani NJ, Senior P, Byrne S, Morgan K, Gebhard R, Brammar WJ. Control of IGF-II mRNA levels by glucocorticoids in the neonatal rat. J Mol Endocrinol 1988; 1:R5-8. [PMID: 3255362 DOI: 10.1677/jme.0.001r005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) is thought to be a major growth factor during fetal and neonatal development. Levels of IGF-II mRNA fall dramatically in the liver - the major site of endocrine production - between 18 and 20 days post-natally. No information concerning the control of gene expression post-natally has hitherto been available. Using Northern blotting and in-situ hybridization, we show here that cortisone acetate rapidly extinguishes IGF-II mRNA expression in the neonatal rat liver. The effect at putative autocrine/paracrine locations such as skeletal muscle and choroid plexus is much less marked or absent. The repression by cortisone acetate is discussed in the light of the available IGF-II gene sequence.
Collapse
|
436
|
Beck F, Samani NJ, Byrne S, Morgan K, Gebhard R, Brammar WJ. Histochemical localization of IGF-I and IGF-II mRNA in the rat between birth and adulthood. Development 1988; 104:29-39. [PMID: 3253059 DOI: 10.1242/dev.104.1.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We describe the postnatal ontogeny and localization of insulin-like growth factors I and II (IGF-I and -II) in the rat. We have used oligodeoxyribonucleotide probes for in situ hybridization (hybridization histochemistry) and for Northern blotting. IGF-II mRNA is strongly expressed in liver, skeletal muscle, perichondrium, leptomeninges and choroid plexus of the newborn. Demonstrable levels fall dramatically in the liver at 18–20 days postnatally but persist for longer periods in muscle and remain undiminished throughout life in the pia/choroid plexus, indicating that different control mechanisms operate in these tissues. IGF-I mRNA is predominantly found in the liver. Its level in this organ rises well before levels of IGF-II fall. This suggests that distinct factors govern the expression of IGF-I and -II genes.
Collapse
|
437
|
Mir MA, Morgan K, Chappell S, Lewis M, Spurlock G, Collins P, Collins P, Lewis M, Scanlon M. Calcium retention and increased vascular reactivity caused by a hypothalamic sodium transport inhibitor. Clin Sci (Lond) 1988; 75:197-202. [PMID: 3409635 DOI: 10.1042/cs0750197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
1. Using a previously established method of isolating an active-sodium-transport inhibitor (ASTI) from hypothalamic cell culture medium, the inhibitor was isolated and partially purified from sequential passages through Sephadex G-25 and h.p.l.c., and its effects on de-endothelialized rabbit aortic strips were investigated. 2. ASTI caused a cumulative concentration-dependent increase in tension which reversed slowly after wash, and the wash showed an identical effect on fresh strips. 3. Ouabain, used as a control, also caused a concentration-dependent increase in tension which reached a plateau at a concentration of 10 mmol/l. Both ouabain and ASTI caused a significant potentiation of the vasoconstrictor effect of noradrenaline at concentrations of 1 nmol/l-0.1 mmol/l. 4. Both ASTI and ouabain caused a significantly greater (P less than 0.01) calcium retention than control medium in aortic strips. 5. Incubation of ASTI with prolidase, chymotrypsin and carboxypeptidase A destroyed the vasoconstrictor effects as well as its inhibitory effects on sodium, potassium-dependent adenosine triphosphatase and sodium efflux from erythrocytes, but leucine aminopeptidase was ineffective. 6. These studies suggest that hypothalamic cells in culture release a peptidic inhibitor of active sodium transport which increases vascular reactivity, potentiates vasoconstrictor effects of noradrenaline and causes calcium retention.
Collapse
|
438
|
Dallosso HM, Morgan K, Bassey EJ, Ebrahim SB, Fentem PH, Arie TH. Levels of customary physical activity among the old and the very old living at home. J Epidemiol Community Health 1988; 42:121-7. [PMID: 3221161 PMCID: PMC1052704 DOI: 10.1136/jech.42.2.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
With an activity inventory designed specifically for use among elderly people, detailed profiles of customary physical activity were obtained from 507 old (aged 65-74 years) and 535 very old (aged 75 years and over) individuals randomly sampled from the community. Participation in four categories of activity was assessed: outdoor productive activities; indoor productive activities; leisure activities; and walking. Customary engagement in many activities was found to be low, age (old versus very old) and sex being among the most important determinants of participation. The method of assessment is described, and activity profiles normative for older age groups are presented.
Collapse
|
439
|
Ebrahim S, Dallosso H, Morgan K, Bassey J, Fentem P, Arie T. Causes of ill health among a random sample of old and very old people: possibilities for prevention. JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF LONDON 1988; 22:105-7. [PMID: 3397925 PMCID: PMC5379377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
440
|
|
441
|
Morgan K. And so, to sleep. NURSING TIMES 1988; 84:40-1, 72. [PMID: 3357818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
442
|
Morgan K, Dallosso H, Ebrahim S, Arie T, Fentem PH. Prevalence, frequency, and duration of hypnotic drug use among the elderly living at home. BMJ 1988; 296:601-2. [PMID: 3126921 PMCID: PMC2545235 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.296.6622.601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Details of consumption of hypnotic drugs derived from a nationally representative sample of elderly people were analysed in terms of the prevalence, duration, and likely frequency of use. Of 1020 randomly selected subjects aged 65 and over 16% (166) reported using (mainly benzodiazepine) hypnotic drugs, and of these 89% reported having taken such a drug the night before the interview. Most of these users (73%) had been taking hypnotic drugs for more than one year, with 25% reporting drug use for more than 10 years. These results suggest that for most elderly users of hypnotic drugs, patterns of consumption encourage the development of cumulative effects and benzodiazepine dependence.
Collapse
|
443
|
Frye M, DiBenedetto R, Lain D, Morgan K. Single arterial puncture vs arterial cannula for arterial gas analysis after exercise. Change in arterial oxygen tension over time. Chest 1988; 93:294-8. [PMID: 3123149 DOI: 10.1378/chest.93.2.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In an attempt to find the least invasive, safest, easiest, and cheapest method of obtaining resting and exercise samples of arterial blood, a comparison was made between samples from an arterial needle puncture and an arterial cannula. This study demonstrated that samples of arterial blood may be obtained by radial arterial puncture both at rest and during exercise in practically all cases without morbidity. Samples from arterial needle puncture provide the same results as those from arterial cannulas. In the very rare patient in whom arterial puncture during maximal exercise is unsuccessful, the arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2) measured at 10 seconds after exercise correlates very well with the PaO2 at maximal exercise, and the 15-second value correlates nearly as well. Arterial cannulas are needed in the infrequent case when arterial puncture is not accomplished during maximal exercise and the 10-second or 15-second PaO2 decreases from the resting value. In this instance, determination of the exact extent of the hypoxemia requires an exercise sample obtained by cannula; however, the decrease in PaO2 obtained by arterial needle puncture at 10 or 15 seconds will be all that is needed many times to make a clinical decision. Values obtained at 20 seconds after maximal exercise reflect less of the exercise measurement and cannot be used; however, all episodes of significant hypoxemia (PaO2 less than 60 mm Hg) were captured by the analysis at 20 seconds after exercise.
Collapse
|
444
|
Morgan K, Dallosso H, Ebrahim S, Arie T, Fentem PH. Characteristics of subjective insomnia in the elderly living at home. Age Ageing 1988; 17:1-7. [PMID: 3364306 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/17.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Profiles of sleeping habits, subjective sleep quality, and mental and physical well-being were obtained from 1023 elderly individuals randomly sampled from the Nottinghamshire Family Practitioner Committee's records. Subjective insomnia at least 'sometimes' was reported by 37.9% of the sample. Discriminant analysis of selected health and demographic variables indicated that symptoms of anxiety, sex and self-ratings of health were the factors most influential in predicting reports of problem sleep. Thus, respondents classified as subjective insomniacs tended to have significantly higher anxiety scores, to be women, and to rate their health as below average. Relative to the non-insomniac respondents, those complaining of sleep problems also perceived their sleep latency as longer, and their total sleep as shorter. These results emphasize that, in addition to apparently 'normal' age-related changes in the structure of sleep, subjective insomnia in old age may often be mediated by the physical and psychological disorders which can accompany ageing.
Collapse
|
445
|
Morgan K, Clague RB, Collins I, Ayad S, Phinn SD, Holt PJ. Incidence of antibodies to native and denatured cartilage collagens (types II, IX, and XI) and to type I collagen in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 1987; 46:902-7. [PMID: 3426299 PMCID: PMC1003420 DOI: 10.1136/ard.46.12.902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The frequencies of antibodies to the cartilage type IX and XI collagens and to type I collagen were determined in 188 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, of whom 76 were positive for antibodies to native type II collagen. A higher proportion of patients with antibodies to native type II collagen had antibodies to these other collagens, but about one third of patients without antibodies to native type II collagen had antibodies to one or more denatured collagens. The patterns of antibodies present in individual sera suggested that there was a selective response to the collagens in an individual patient. The incidence of patients having antibodies to these native and denatured collagens in a random group of patients with rheumatoid arthritis was calculated.
Collapse
|
446
|
Mir MA, Morgan K, Lewis M, Spurlock G, Chappell S, Lewis M, Scanlon M. Problems and pitfalls in the isolation of an endogenous Na+, K+-ATPase inhibitor. Hypertension 1987; 10:I57-60. [PMID: 2824367 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.10.5_pt_2.i57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Plasma from volume-expanded and salt-loaded hypertensive animals and from patients with essential hypertension has been reported to inhibit Na+, K+-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase). Inhibition of the sodium pump in vascular smooth muscle caused by such a circulating factor could increase vascular tone and sensitivity to vasoactive agents, and thereby result in arterial hypertension. Numerous efforts in the past failed to isolate the putative factor from urine and plasma. Recent studies have suggested that the hypothalamus is an important source of an endogenous Na+, K+-ATPase inhibitor, but its isolation from the tissue extracts has been rendered difficult by the presence of other cellular constituents that cause artifactual interference with the assays and purification procedures. Using an alternative approach of isolating the inhibitor from culture medium, we found that dispersed fetal rat hypothalamic neurons in a capillary culture system release a heat-stable, peptidic, low-molecular-weight, active sodium transport inhibitor that causes a reversible increase in vascular tone, sensitizes vascular smooth muscle to the vasoactive effect of norepinephrine, and possesses several characteristics of the putative endogenous digitalislike factor. This inhibitor may be a chemical mediator linking kidney, brain, and cardiovascular system in the genesis of experimental volume-expanded and salt-loaded hypertension and human essential hypertension.
Collapse
|
447
|
Morgan K. The consequences of chromosome imbalance. By C. J. Epstein. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1986. xxi + 486 pp., glossary, tables, index. $59.50 (cloth). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 1987. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.1330740315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
448
|
Samani NJ, Morgan K, Brammar WJ, Swales JD. Detection of renin messenger RNA in rat tissues: increased sensitivity using an RNAse protection technique. JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION. SUPPLEMENT : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF HYPERTENSION 1987; 5:S19-21. [PMID: 3309213 DOI: 10.1097/00004872-198707002-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Total cellular RNA and poly A+ RNA isolated from various tissues of Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were screened for renin-specific messenger RNA by Northern blotting and RNAse protection. Northern blot analysis, carried out with a copy DNA (cDNA) probe of mouse submandibular gland renin, demonstrated a single RNA species of 1.8 kb in the kidneys of WKY rats. Other tissues screened by this technique were negative. With the more sensitive RNAse protection technique, our initial results indicate more widespread expression of renin, messenger RNA (mRNA) being detected in aorta, adrenal, heart, lung and spleen.
Collapse
|
449
|
Pearce WG, Mackay JA, Holmes TM, Morgan K, Fowlow SB, Shokeir MH, Lowry RB. Autosomal recessive juvenile cataract in Hutterites. OPHTHALMIC PAEDIATRICS AND GENETICS 1987; 8:119-24. [PMID: 3658338 DOI: 10.3109/13816818709028527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Autosomal recessive inheritance of juvenile cataract is described amongst several related sibships of Lehrerleut Hutterites. The main features of the cataract include onset between three and seven years of age; rapid progression to maturity within one to three months; normal intelligence; no systemic associations, and no urinary reducing substances and normal erythrocyte galactokinase activity. Genetic analysis demonstrates the close relationship between parents of affected sibships with a coefficient of inbreeding of affected sibships of 0.0512. Estimates of heterozygote frequency within Lehrerleut Hutterites at 0.128 indicate that if current inbreeding practice continues additional cases can be expected.
Collapse
|
450
|
Morgan K, Dallosso HM, Arie T, Byrne EJ, Jones R, Waite J. Mental health and psychological well-being among the old and the very old living at home. Br J Psychiatry 1987; 150:801-7. [PMID: 3651735 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.150.6.801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Using four brief assessment scales, profiles of mental health and psychological well-being were obtained from 507 old (aged 65-74 years) and 535 very old (aged 75+) individuals randomly sampled from the community. Assessments of dementia and depression were subsequently validated against diagnostic ratings made by experienced psychogeriatricians. Levels of agreement between psychometric and clinical ratings of dementia (kappa = 0.83) and depression (kappa = 0.66) were satisfactory. The old and very old groups reported similar levels of anxiety and personal disturbance, and showed a similar prevalence of depression. However, those aged 75+ showed higher levels of dementia and significantly lower levels of social involvement and morale.
Collapse
|