[Transplantation of periosteum-coated cortical and cancellous bone grafts for treatment of fractures and pseudarthrosis (author's transl)]

Bone grafts are used in the treatment of fractures just as in the treatment of atrophic pseudarthroses of long tube bones. Only autologous bone graft is a reliable transplantation material. The discussion about different values of cancellous grafts and cortical-cancellous grafts is not completed yet. It will be reported about the own results of 110 transplantations of fresh and ununited fractures of long tube bones between 1968--1975. Only the autologous cortical-cancellous periosteum-coated single graft was used.

[Immunological aspects of syngenesioplastic bone transplantation in treatment of infantile bone tumors (author's transl)]

Bone transplantations are made often in the treatment of benign bone tumours or tumour like affections. Especially at the appropriate infantile illness the use of an autologous transplant may prove impossible. Homologous and heterologous osseous transplants are largely unsuitable, because of the induction of immunological reactions. So called syngenesioplastic transplants let expect a tolerance of the recipient organism. This is a report of the results of clinical, radiological and especially immunological follow-up-examinations of 11 patients treated from August 1974 to October 1976 with syngenesioplastic spongiosa transplantation.

[Malrotation of distal femur (author's transl)]

Malrotation of the distal femur could be important for the pathogenesis of the accidental dislocation of the patella. Most difficulties aries in the impossibility to prove and determine torsion deviations of the femur just as torsion deviations of the femur just as torsion deviations of other human bones with the methods at present available. With the syndrom of accidental dislocation of the patella often a series of promoting factore is combined. In animal experiences the consecutive alterations after producing artificial patella alta at the distal femur and at the patella bed with growing rabbits have been examined. It is found out that a real pathological torsion (inward torsion of the distal femur) is following.

[Low-dose heparin and acetyl-salicylic acid after elective operations on the hip joint (author's transl)]

3.6 g acetylsalicylic lysin was injected into 30 patients daily after operative replacement of the hip-joint. Pulmonary embolism and (or) deep-vein thrombosis were diagnosed in 19 patients. Low-dose heparin (3 X 5000 IU/24 h) significantly reduced the incidence of deep-vein thrombosis (ten of thirty patients: P less than 0.05) compared with the acetylsalicylic acid group. The results demonstrate not only the inadequate thrombosis prophylaxis provided by acetylsalicylic acid, but also that low-dose heparin prophylaxis in these specially at risk patients is of limited efficacy.

[Mechanical properties of carbon as implant material in orthopedic surgery (author's transl)]

Among others material problems are come to the fore in endoprothetic with growing biochemical knowledge, also because of the realisation that in different parts of the same prothesis functionally different mechanical demands must be set. Technological progress in carbon production has lead to the development of a spectrum of different carbon specialities with various mechanical properties. In orthopaedic surgery of endoprothetic high strengh isotropic carbon, impregnated carbon and fibrereinforced carbon-carbon-composites are of particular interest, because of their physical properties and unchanged favourable chemical and biological properties of carbon. Thereby it is on one side a question of carbon material with extraordinary tribological qualities, on the other side of carbons with nearly isoelastic behaviour towards the bone, respectively with equal quotient of breaking strength and young's modulus. Therefore in future the manufacture of components with functional approbiate material using the same basic material carbon seems to be possible for the production of endoprothesis with different working parts.

[Treatment of alveolar soft part sarcoma (author's transl)]

Till now few reported cases of alveolar soft part sarcoma of the skeletal musculature which was classified for the first time by Christopherson in 1952 could not make plain a uniforme treatment. Radioresistance was also described as unsuccessful chemotherapy as early or excessiv surgical proceeding. Our own unusual observation of a case of this very rare malignant mesenchymal tumor may give a direction for a sensible therapy.

[Osseous rupture of the ulnar collateral ligament of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb (author's transl)]

Osseous ruptues of the ulnar collateral ligament in the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb are to be found more frequently in experimental ruptures at an isolated preparation than they are described in clinical examinations. It must positively be achieved to re-affix also a small avulsion fragment to do not remove the entire compound attachment of the ligament. The own surgery technique is described.

[On the differential diagnosis of shadows due to calcigerous soft tissue in the extremities (author's transl)]

We report a case of an unusual compact limy shading of the soft part in the lower leg, obviously caused by unphysique material the origin of which even retrospectively could not be clarified. Pathological compact limy shadings of the soft parts of the extremities are possible because of numerous reasons. Hereby the tissue calcination will be defined from the real ossifications and the direct exogene shades. Deficient knowledge of the pathophysiology often makes a preoperative difference very difficult with equivalent reoentgenological statements. The own difficulties in diagnosis of the case in question will be shown.

[Synthesis and biological activity of the decapeptide Gly-Pro-Cys-Lys-Ala-Arg-Phe-Gly-Gly-Cys as a model for the active center of the basic trypsin inhibitor from bovine organs (Kunitz inhibitor) (author's transl)]

The synthesis of the above mentioned decapeptide as a model for the active center of the inhibitor molecule is described. The Ki value of this peptide was found to be 4.7 X 10(-4)M. This Ki value differs from the Ki value of the Kunitz Inhibitor by a factor of 10(10).

The initial binding of Cu(II) to some amino acids and dipeptides: a 13C nuclear-magnetic-resonance study

The initial binding of Cu2+ ot L-lysine, L-histidine, glycyl-histidine and histidyl-glycine in aqueous solutions was examined by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The measurements were carried out in a substantially improved way employing the pulse Fourier transform technique. Spectra of both high quality and resolution were obtained. Cu2+ complex formation with L-lysine occurred with the alpha-amino and carboxyl group attributable to the well expressed broadening effect of the 13C signals of the alpha-carbon atom and the carboxyl atom. The epsilon-amino group was not involved. Measurements of the Cu chelates using L-histidine and glycyl-histidine and histidyl-glycine confirmed the ambidentate nature of the histidine residue. It was concluded that an equilibrium exists between two Cu-complex species designated as histamine-like and histamine-like/glycine-like species. In the homogeneous histamine-like Cu complex, the Cu2+ is exclusively bound with 4 nitrogens, while in the other species one oxygen of the glycyl carboxyl group is involved in the Cu2+ binding. Blocking of this carboxyl groups by peptide bonding as found in histidyl-glycine favoured the formation of a Cu complex where the imidazole carbons of the histidyl residue were the most influenced species.

[Synthesis and biological activity of some cystine peptides from the active center of the basic trypsin inhibitor from bovine organs (Kunitz inhibitor) (author's transl)]

The synthesis of the following 3 model peptides from the active center of the inhibitor molecule is described: (see article). The 3 peptides are split by trypsin with velocities increasing from (I) to (III). The following Ki values were determined: (I) Ki = 2.3 x 10(-2)M; (II) Ki = 4.9 x 10(-3)M; (III) Ki = 2.1 x 10(-3)M. These Ki values differ from the Ki values of the Kunitz inhibitor by a factor 10(11) to 10(12).

[Comparison of various screening methods for the diagnosis of chronic ischemic heart disease]

The screening phase of a multifactorial intervention study which is carried out under the direction of the WHO and the aim of which is the influence on mild forms of hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia and slightly disturbed glucose tolerance was supplemented by an electrocardiogram after work under the conditions of screening. The questionnaire contained in the investigation program for the statistical establishment of a typical angina pectoris after work according to Rose and the modified electrocardiographic test after work were tested concerning their evidence in the early recognition of a coronary sclerosis. As reference test served the Watt-step-test recommended by a group of experts of the WHO. An extensive correlation between screening after work and Watt-step-test was found. Questionnaire according to Rose and gradual load, however, had a smaller correspondence. The result of other investigations was that the distribution of the factors of risk does not give any clear reference to the existence of a latent coronary insufficiency.

[Synthesis of a [Glu5, Ala12, Ala18, Ala21]sheep insulin-A-chain by fragment condensation on a polymer support (author's transl)]

The synthesis of a [Glu5, Ala12, Ala18,-Ala21]sheep insulin-A-chain by condensation of 5 fragments on a polymer support is described. The 5 fragments Boc-Gly-Ile-Val-Glu(gammaOBut)-Glu(gammaOBut) (V), Boc-Cys(SiPr) (IV), Boc--Cys(SiPr)-Ala-Gly-Val (III), Boc-Cys(SiPr)-Ala-Leu-Tyr-Gln-Leu (II) and Boc-Glu(gammaOBut)-Ala--Tyr(Bzl)-Cys(SiPr)-N2H3 (I) were synthesized by conventional methods and coupled with dicyclohexylcarbodiimide/1-hydroxybenzotriazol (II, III, IV, V) and by the azide method (I) with coupling yields of 60-98% on an Ala-polymer. The failure sequence peptides were separated by ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex and by chromatography on Biogel P4. The A-chain was obtained in 9% yield, which, after combinations with natural B-chain, gave insulin activities comparable to that obtained with natural A-chain. These results demonstrate that fragment condensation by the solid-phase method together with simple techniques for purification can be used for the synthesis of longer peptides.

[Basic peptides from bee venom, I: isolation, reduction and reoxidation of apamin and MCD-peptide (author's transl)]

A simple isolation of melittin, apamin and MCD-peptide from bee venom is described. The peptides were separated using Sephadex G-50 and Biogel P-4 followed by preparative column chromatography using silicagel. Apamin and MCD-peptide were converted to the tetra-S-sulfonate derivatives by oxidative sulfitolysis. After reduction of these derivatives by mercaptoethanol followed by cautious air-reoxidation, the disulfide bridges can be reconstituted. The biological activities of the reoxidation products are 50 to 60% for apamin and 70 to 80% for MCD-peptide.