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Hurwitz M, Zhang Q, Sartor O, Xiao Y, Shayegan B, Sperduto P, Badiozamani K, Lawton C, Horwitz E, Michalski J, Roof K, Beyer D, George A, Sandler H. Adjuvant Radiation, Androgen Deprivation, and Docetaxel for High-Risk Prostate Cancer Postprostatectomy: Results of RTOG 0621. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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427
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Gondi V, Mehta M, Manfredi D, Xiao Y, Galvin J, Tome W, Tome W. Real-Time Pretreatment Review Limits Unacceptable Deviations: Quality Assurance (QA) Results of RTOG 0933. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.1057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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428
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Gong Y, Gore E, Bar-Ad V, Wheatley M, Kong F, Yu J, Giaddui T, Chen W, Hu C, Paulus R, Xiao Y, Bradley J. Variation of Cardiac Contours Using Different Heart Definitions for NSCLC Patients Enrolled on RTOG 0617. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.2150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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429
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Troeller A, Söhn M, Grills I, Ionascu D, Guckenberger M, Klement R, Belderbos J, Sonke J, Hope A, Bissonnette J, Werner-Wasik M, Xiao Y, Yan D. Are Lung NTCP Models Different In Hypofractionated And Standard Fractionated Radiotherapy? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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430
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Shames D, Kowanetz M, Xiao Y, Choi Y, D'Arcangelo M, Behrens C, Solis L, Koeppen H, Firestein R, Wang Y, Mocci S, Boyle T, Lund-Iversen M, Bowden C, Amler L, Brustugun O, Wistuba I, Hirsch F. Prevalence, Prognostic Significance, and Overlap of Actionable Biomarkers in Nsclc. Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu326.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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431
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Yu J, Bar-Ad V, Gong Y, Giaddui T, Chen W, Hu C, Galvin J, Gore E, Wheatley M, Kong F, Bradley J, Xiao Y. Investigation Into a New Quality Assurance Tool for Radiation Therapy Structure Delineation: Atlas-Based Automatic Segmentation (ABAS) of Cardiac Structures for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer From RTOG 0617. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.2139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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432
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Moore K, Schmidt R, Olsen L, Tan J, Xiao Y, Galvin J, Pugh S, Bosch W, Michalski J, Mutic S. Suboptimal Treatment Planning Adds Substantial Risk of Normal Tissue Complication: A Secondary Study on RTOG 0126. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.2366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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433
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Giaddui T, Chen W, Yu J, Lin L, Simone C, Wu J, Mohan R, Zhang X, Bluett J, Gillin M, Liao Z, Liao Z, Moore K, Bradley J, O'Meara E, Presley J, Galvin J, Xiao Y. A Dosimetric Pilot Study on the Feasibility of the Dosimetric Compliance Criteria of RTOG 1308: Phase III Randomized Trial Comparing Overall Survival After Photon Versus Proton Radiochemotherapy for Inoperable Stage II-IIIB NSCLC. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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434
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Hu W, Xie W, Chen S, Zhang N, Zou Y, Dong X, Rashid M, Xiao Y, Hu M, Zhong G. Separation of Cis- and Trans-Cypermethrin by Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. J Chromatogr Sci 2014; 53:612-8. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmu094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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435
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Wei L, Ke J, Prasadam I, Miron RJ, Lin S, Xiao Y, Chang J, Wu C, Zhang Y. A comparative study of Sr-incorporated mesoporous bioactive glass scaffolds for regeneration of osteopenic bone defects. Osteoporos Int 2014; 25:2089-96. [PMID: 24807629 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-014-2735-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Recently, the use of the pharmacological agent strontium ranelate has come to prominence for the treatment of osteoporosis. While much investigation is focused on preventing disease progression, here we fabricate strontium-containing scaffolds and show that they enhance bone defect healing in the femurs of rats induced by ovariectomy. INTRODUCTION Recently, the use of the pharmacological agent strontium ranelate has come to prominence for the treatment of osteoporosis due to its ability to prevent bone loss in osteoporotic patients. Although much emphasis has been placed on using pharmacological agents for the prevention of disease, much less attention has been placed on the construction of biomaterials following osteoporotic-related fracture. The aim of the present study was to incorporate bioactive strontium (Sr) trace element into mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) scaffolds and to investigate their in vivo efficacy for bone defect healing in the femurs of rats induced by ovariectomy. METHODS In total, 30 animals were divided into five groups as follows: (1) empty defect (control), (2) empty defects with estrogen replacement therapy, (3) defects filled with MBG scaffolds alone, (4) defects filled with MBG + estrogen replacement therapy, and (5) defects filled with strontium-incorporated mesopore-bioglass (Sr-MBG) scaffolds. RESULTS The two groups demonstrating the highest levels of new bone formation were the defects treated with MBG + estrogen replacement therapy and the defects receiving Sr-MBG scaffolds as assessed by μ-CT and histological analysis. Furthermore, Sr scaffolds had a reduced number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive cells when compared to other modalities. CONCLUSION The results from the present study demonstrate that the local release of Sr from bone scaffolds may improve fracture repair. Future large animal models are necessary to investigate the future relationship of Sr incorporation into biomaterials.
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436
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Chen M, Chan B, Lam C, Chung S, Ho Y, Xiao Y. Dietary exposures to eight metallic contaminants of the Hong Kong adult population from a total diet study. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2014; 31:1539-49. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2014.935963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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437
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Echrish HH, Xiao Y, Madden LA, Allgar V, Cooke J, Wedgwood K, Dasgupta D, Greenman J, Maraveyas A. Effect of resection of localized pancreaticobiliary adenocarcinoma on angiogenic markers and tissue factor related pro-thrombotic and pro-angiogenic activity. Thromb Res 2014; 134:479-87. [PMID: 24929839 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2014.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, 52 patients were studied to elucidate the relative impact of resection of localized pancreaticobiliary adenocarcinoma (PBC) on circulating factors of tumour-associated angiogenesis e.g. tissue factor bearing microparticles (TFMP) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and their clinicopathological significance to angiogenesis markers in cancer tissue from PBC patients. Angiogenesis array analysis on serum samples revealed that surgical resection of tumour lesion in PBC patients affects the levels of a panel of angiogenesis-related molecules, including VEGF that was verified by ELISA to significantly reduce (median & IQR: 1003(369-2000) vs. 457(159-834) pg/ml; p<0.05). Correspondingly, a significant decrease in the angiogenic activity (decreased capillary tube formation; p<0.05) of serum samples after the surgery was also found. Despite a decrease in number of circulating TFMP after surgery, this did not reach statistical significance; there was a significant reduction in pro-coagulant activity (prolonged prothrombin time, p<0.001) post-operatively. In addition, the activity of total microparticles (MP activity assay, p<0.05) was decreased significantly. Immunohistochemical staining of tumour tissue revealed a strong correlation between the microvessel density (MVD) and VEGF expression. Also, higher levels of circulating TFMP or TF related activity (prothrombin time) correlated significantly with TF expression and MVD on tumour tissues from PBC patients. These findings suggest that in pancreaticobiliary adenocarcinoma TF related angiogenesis drivers are equally significant to VEGF ones, raising the clinical question of whether the effectiveness of angiogenesis targeting studies could be improved through the 'dual' targeting of these pathways in PBC.
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438
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Dobbins J, Prisciandaro J, Bloch C, Gingold E, Starkschall G, Oldham M, Sprawls P, Xiao Y. SU-A-BRF-01: Education Council Symposium: Online Education in Medical Physics. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4889691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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439
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Giaddui T, Cui Y, Chen W, Yu J, Gong Y, Craig T, Dawson L, Al-Hallaq H, Chmura S, Yin F, Galvin J, Xiao Y. SU-E-CAMPUS-J-04: Image Guided Radiation Therapy (IGRT): Review of Technical Standards and Credentialing in Radiotherapy Clinical Trials. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4889024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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440
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Liu Z, Xiao Y, Chen D, Wang Z. Vascular skeletalization: a new concept to improve the resection rate in childhood neuroblastoma. J Neurosurg Sci 2014; 58:113-116. [PMID: 24819488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM The surgical resection rate in childhood neuroblastoma (Stage III and IV) is relatively low and influences the prognosis greatly. This study analyzes the primary resection rate neuroblastoma in children. METHODS The tumors are shrunk with pre-operative chemotherapy and surgical resection beginning from the iliac vessels is performed to skeletalize the large retroperitoneal vascular. Using this method, 22 cases of childhood neuroblastoma received resections and the outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS The tumors were completely removed in 21 out of the 22 cases (95.45% in total). There were no serious complications and perioperative deaths. CONCLUSION Using proper surgical methods and skeletalizing the large retroperitoneal vessels significantly increases the resection rate.
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441
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Xie J, Xiao Y, Wang J, Peng J, Lu S, Hu W. SU-E-T-627: Failure Modes and Effect Analysis for Monthly Quality Assurance of Linear Accelerator. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4888963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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442
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Yu J, Hardcastle N, Bender E, Jeong K, Xiao Y, Ritter M, Tome' M. SU-E-J-97: Pretreatment Test and Post-Treatment Evaluation for Iso-NTCP Dose Guided Adapive Radiotherapy (DGART), Experience with Prostate Cancer Patients Treated with Rectal Balloons. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4888149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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443
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Gardner S, Studenski M, Giaddui T, Cui Y, Galvin J, Yu Y, Xiao Y. SU-E-J-152: Evaluation of TrueBeam OBI V. 1.5 CBCT Performance in An Adaptive RT Environment. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4888205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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444
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Followill D, Molineu A, Xiao Y. TU-C-9A-01: IROC Organization and Clinical Trial Credentialing. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4889290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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445
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Liu Z, Xiao Y, Chen D, Wang Z. Vascular skeletalization ---- a new concept to improve the resection rate in childhood neuroblastoma. J Neurosurg Sci 2014:R38Y9999N00A140005. [PMID: 24743383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM The surgical resection rate in childhood neuroblastoma (Stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ) is relatively low and influences the prognosis greatly. This study analyzes the surgical resection rate of stage I neuroblastoma in children. METHODS The tumors are shrunk with preoperative chemotherapy and surgical resection in the iliac vessels is performed to skeletalize the large retroperitoneal vascular. Using this method, 22 cases of childhood neuroblastoma received resections and the outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS The tumors were completely removed in 21 out of the 22 cases (95.45% in total). There were no serious complications and perioperative deaths. CONCLUSIONS Using proper surgical methods and skeletalizing the large retroperitoneal vessels significantly increases the resection rate.
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446
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Xia T, Zhang Q, Xiao Y, Wang C, Yu J, Liu H, Liu B, Zhang Y, Chen S, Liu Y, Chen Y, Guo F. CREB/TRH pathway in the central nervous system regulates energy expenditure in response to deprivation of an essential amino acid. Int J Obes (Lond) 2014; 39:105-13. [PMID: 24732144 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2014.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the central nervous system (CNS), thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) has an important role in regulating energy balance. We previously showed that dietary deprivation of leucine in mice increases energy expenditure through CNS-dependent regulation. However, the involvement of central TRH in this regulation has not been reported. METHODS Male C57J/B6 mice were maintained on a control or leucine-deficient diet for 7 days. Leucine-deprived mice were either third intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injected with a TRH antibody followed by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of triiodothyronine (T3) or i.c.v. administrated with an adenovirus of shCREB (cAMP-response element binding protein) followed by i.c.v. injection of TRH. Food intake and body weight were monitored daily. Oxygen consumption, physical activity and rectal temperature were assessed after the treatment. After being killed, the hypothalamus and the brown adipose tissue were collected and the expression of related genes and proteins related was analyzed. In other experiments, control or leucine-deficient medium incubated primary cultured neurons were either infected with adenovirus-mediated short hairpin RNA targeting extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (Ad-shERK1/2) or transfected with plasmid-overexpressing protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3C (PPP1R3C). RESULTS I.c.v. administration of anti-TRH antibodies significantly reduced leucine deprivation-stimulated energy expenditure. Furthermore, the effects of i.c.v. TRH antibodies were reversed by i.p. injection of T3 during leucine deprivation. Moreover, i.c.v. injection of Ad-shCREB (adenovirus-mediated short hairpin RNA targeting CREB) significantly suppressed leucine deprivation-stimulated energy expenditure via modulation of TRH expression. Lastly, TRH expression was regulated by CREB, which was phosphorylated by ERK1/2 and dephosphorylated by PPP1R3C-containing protein Ser/Thr phosphatase type 1 (PP1) under leucine deprivation in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate a novel role for TRH in regulating energy expenditure via T3 during leucine deprivation. Furthermore, our findings reveal that TRH expression is activated by CREB, which is phosphorylated by ERK1/2 and dephosphorylated by PPP1R3C-containing PP1. Collectively, our studies provide novel insights into the regulation of energy homeostasis by the CNS in response to an essential amino-acid deprivation.
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447
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Zhou JL, Wu B, Xiao Y, Lin GL, Wang WZ, Zhang GN, Qiu HZ. A laparoscopic approach to benign retrorectal tumors. Tech Coloproctol 2014; 18:825-33. [PMID: 24718777 DOI: 10.1007/s10151-014-1146-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retrorectal tumors (RTs) are rare in adults. Their surgical excision is often difficult because of their anatomic location. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of straight laparoscopic resection of RTs in our institution. METHODS Eight patients (six women and two men) with benign RTs were treated by laparoscopic resection in our tertiary care center between September 2012 and June 2013. Exclusion criteria included malignant tumors, lesions with fistula formation, and anterior sacral meningoceles. Clinical data, imaging features, operative details, pathological results, and treatment outcomes were reviewed and analyzed. RESULTS Eight cases of benign RT with an average diameter of 8.9 ± 1.7 cm were treated by a straight laparoscopic procedure. The mean operative time was 122 ± 36 min, and the average intraoperative blood loss was 46 ± 33 ml. The median postoperative stay was 5 days (range 3-8 days), and all patients were discharged without serious complications. During a median follow-up of 11 months, no tumor recurrence was observed. CONCLUSIONS In our experience, a laparoscopic approach is safe for removing benign tumors in the retrorectal space. This approach may provide access to this difficult-to-reach space and has the advantages of allowing excellent visualization, meticulous dissection, less morbidities, and fast recuperation.
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448
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Liang HP, Jin H, Xiao Y, Liu Z. Two novel formulae are superior to procalcitonin for prediction of sepsis in trauma patients. Crit Care 2014. [PMCID: PMC4273928 DOI: 10.1186/cc14013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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449
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Wang J, Hu W, Peng J, Lu S, Zhao J, Xiao Y, Zhang Z. Identical Quality Assurance for Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy in Elekta and Varian Machines. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2014:tcrt.2012.50041. [PMID: 24645748 DOI: 10.7785/tcrt.2012.500419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) has been adopted by many clinics for its higher delivery efficiency compared to conventional intensity modulated radiotherapy techniques. Currently, the quality assurance (QA) has remained a challenge in that no identical tests are available for accelerators from different vendors. This study is the first attempt to design identical QA tests for the VMAT technique for Varian and Elekta machines. Identical procedures testing MLC positions and movements, dose rate variations, and gantry positions and movement were created for both machines. These included picket fence (PF), dose rate vs. gantry speed (DRGS) and MLC speed vs. dose rate (MLCDR) tests. Deliverable plans for these tests were made with in-house software that was deliverable for linacs from two vendors (Elekta Synergy and Varian Trilogy). The electronic portal imaging device (EPID) was used for these tests. An automated analysis method was established and software was created to quantitatively evaluate the result. The systematic gap position and width errors from PF tests were within 0.5 mm. We evaluated the detectability of this program for introduced errors down to 0.2 mm. Linear relationships existed between the introduced errors and measured errors. In the DRGS test, 99.8% and 100.0% of the intensity deviations from expected profiles were less than 3% for the Synergy and Trilogy, respectively. For the MLCDR, the intensity deviations from expected profiles less than 3% were 100.0% for Synergy and 98.1% for Trilogy. Identical test series were created and implemented for VMAT accelerators from two vendors. Test results were reported from both accelerators. Comparable results were obtained from both vendors, enabling uniform criteria to be established for VMAT quality assurance.
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450
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Lin R, Xu X, Li Y, Sun J, Fan Z, Jiang Q, Huang F, Zhou H, Nie D, Guo Z, Mao Y, Xiao Y, Liu Q. Comparison of long-term and short-term administration of itraconazole for primary antifungal prophylaxis in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a multicenter, randomized, open-label trial. Transpl Infect Dis 2014; 16:286-94. [PMID: 24593273 DOI: 10.1111/tid.12192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimal agents and duration of primary antifungal prophylaxis in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) remain a matter of discussion. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to compare the efficacy and safety of long-term and short-term administration of itraconazole (ITCZ) for primary antifungal prophylaxis in allo-HSCT recipients. METHODS This multicenter, randomized, open-label pilot study was performed in 4 transplant centers in China. Recipients of allo-HSCT without a history of invasive fungal disease (IFD) were randomly assigned to the long-term or the short-term arm. Randomization was carried out by a center computer system. Intravenous ITCZ was given to the patients in both study arms with a loading dose of 400 mg/day for 2 days followed by 200 mg/day until day +14 or when the white blood cell count was >1.0 × 10(9) /L, and then switched to oral ITCZ solution; prophylaxis was continued until day +30 post transplantation in the short-term arm or until day +90 in the long-term arm. The trough serum concentrations of ITCZ also were measured. The primary study endpoint was the incidence of IFD (proven, probable, and possible) within day +90 post transplantation. RESULTS A total of 128 recipients were enrolled in this study; 59 of them were randomized to the long-term arm and 62 were randomized to the short-term arm, forming the modified intent-to-treat (mITT) set. The incidence of IFD within day +90, the primary endpoint, was not significantly different between the 2 arms for the mITT set (6.78% in the long-term arm vs. 6.45% in the short-term arm, P = 0.94), or for the per-protocol set (6.90% in the long-term arm vs. 6.67% in the short-term arm, P = 0.96). From day +30 to day +90, the incidence of IFD was 0% and 6.45%, respectively, in the patients with long-term and short-term prophylaxis for the mITT set (P = 0.11). The mean trough serum concentrations of ITCZ was maintained at >500 ng/mL throughout administration. The incidences of withdrawal because of drug-related adverse events in patients with long-term and short-term prophylaxis were 6.78% and 0%, respectively (P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Long-term and short-term administration of ITCZ both seemed effective in preventing IFD in recipients of allo-HSCT. Further study with large sample size should be performed to evaluate this result. ITCZ shows the same pharmacokinetics in recipients of allo-HSCT as in non-recipients.
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