901
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902
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Girard H. Adrenergic sensitivity of circulation in the chick embryo. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1973; 224:461-9. [PMID: 4686503 DOI: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1973.224.2.461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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903
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904
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Oppenheim RW. Experimental studies on hatching behavior in the chick. 3. The role of the midbrain and forebrain. J Comp Neurol 1972; 146:479-506. [PMID: 5084927 DOI: 10.1002/cne.901460405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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905
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906
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Donahoe JR, Bowen JM. Analysis of the spontaneous motility of the avian embryonic gizzard. Am J Vet Res 1972; 33:1835-48. [PMID: 5053164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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907
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Fraser R, Horton B, Dupourque D, Chernoff A. The multiple hemoglobins of the chick embryo. J Cell Physiol 1972; 80:79-88. [PMID: 5071880 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1040800110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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908
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Los JA. The heart of the 5 days' chick embryo during dilatation and contraction. A functional hypothesis based on morphological observations. ACTA MORPHOLOGICA NEERLANDO-SCANDINAVICA 1972; 9:309-35. [PMID: 5055990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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909
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Soliman KF, Huston TM. The photoelectric plethysmography technique for recording heart rate in chick embryos. Poult Sci 1972; 51:651-4. [PMID: 4643134 DOI: 10.3382/ps.0510651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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910
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911
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Zusman IN. [Change in temperature sensitivity in early embryogenesis of birds]. ZHURNAL OBSHCHEI BIOLOGII 1972; 33:87-96. [PMID: 5039715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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912
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Oppenheim RW. An experimental investigation of the possible role of tactile and proprioceptive stimulation in certain aspects of embryonic behavior in the chick. Dev Psychobiol 1972; 5:71-91. [PMID: 4671412 DOI: 10.1002/dev.420050109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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913
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914
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Tazawa H, Mikami T, Yoshimoto C. Respiratory properties of chicken embryonic blood during development. RESPIRATION PHYSIOLOGY 1971; 13:160-70. [PMID: 5133710 DOI: 10.1016/0034-5687(71)90087-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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915
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Adam J, Dimond SJ. The effect of visual stimulation at different stages of embryonic development on approach behaviour. Anim Behav 1971; 19:51-4. [PMID: 5149787 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-3472(71)80133-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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916
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917
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Gallera J. [Difference in reactivity to the neurogenic inductor between the ectoblast of the area opaca and that of the area pellucida in chickens]. EXPERIENTIA 1970; 26:1353-4. [PMID: 5492224 DOI: 10.1007/bf02113027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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918
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Le Douarin G. [Use of in vitro culture for the study of physiology and metabolism of embryonic organs]. L' ANNEE BIOLOGIQUE 1970; 9:313-6. [PMID: 5431532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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919
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Freeman BM, Mission BH. pH, pO2 and pCO2 of blood from the foetus and neonate of Gallus domesticus. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 1970; 33:763-72. [PMID: 5421991 DOI: 10.1016/0010-406x(70)90025-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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920
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Provine RR, Sharma SC, Sandel TT, Hamburger V. Electrical activity in the spinal cord of the chick embryo, in situ. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1970; 65:508-15. [PMID: 5267135 PMCID: PMC282936 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.65.3.508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Unit electrical activity was recorded from single neurons in the lumbo-sacral spinal cord of 15-, 17-, and 19-day chick embryos, in situ. The dorsal columns showed relatively continuous single-unit activity. Below this lies an area of relative quiet 100-200mu deep. The ventral two thirds of the cord was the most active region, being characterized by polyneuronal bursts and intermittently active single units.
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921
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Mathew Z, Velhankar DP, Sane CR. Occurrence of twin chick embryos. THE INDIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL 1970; 47:251-2. [PMID: 5462930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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922
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Helfenstein M, Narayanan CH. Effects of bilateral limb-bud extirpation on motility and prehatching behavior in chicks. THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY 1969; 172:233-44. [PMID: 5372008 DOI: 10.1002/jez.1401720208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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923
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Corner MA, Bakhuis WL. Developmental patterns in the central nervous system of birds. V. Cerebral electrical activity, forebrain function and behavior in the chick at the time of hatching. Brain Res 1969; 13:541-55. [PMID: 4306274 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(69)90265-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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924
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DeHaan RL, Gottlieb SH. The electrical activity of embryonic chick heart cells isolated in tissue culture singly or in interconnected cell sheets. J Gen Physiol 1968; 52:643-65. [PMID: 5693166 PMCID: PMC2225831 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.52.4.643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryonic chick heart cells were cultured on a plastic surface in sparse sheets of 2-50 cells mutually in contact, or isolated as single cells. Conditions are described which permitted conjoint cells to be impaled with recording microelectrodes with 75 % success, and isolated single cells with 8 % success. It is proposed that cells in electrical contact with neighbors are protected from irreversible damage by the penetrating electrode, by a flow of ions or other substances from connected cells across low-impedance intercellular junctions. Action potentials recorded from conjoint and isolated single cells were similar in form and amplitude. The height or shape of the action potential thus appears not to depend upon spatial relationships of one cell to another. As the external potassium concentration was increased from 1.3 mM to 6 mM, cells became hyperpolarized while the afterhyperpolarization was reduced. At higher potassium levels, the afterhyperpolarization disappeared, the slope of the slow diastolic depolarization decreased, and resting potential fell along a linear curve with a slope of 61 mv per 10-fold increase in potassium. In pacemaker cells the diastolic depolarization consists of two phases: (a) recovery from the afterpotential of the previous action potential and (b) the pacemaker potential. These phases are separated by a point of inflection, and represent manifestations of different mechanisms. Evidence is presented that it is the point of inflection (PBA) rather than the point of maximal diastolic potential, that should be taken as the resting potential.
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925
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Abstract
The intracellular sodium concentration reported for young, embryonic chick hearts is extremely high and decreases progressively throughout the embryonic period, reaching a value of 43 mM immediately before hatching. This observation suggested that the ionic basis for excitation in embryonic chick heart may differ from that responsible for electrical activity of the adult organ. This hypothesis was tested by recording transmembrane resting and action potentials on hearts isolated from 6-day and 19-day chick embryos and varying the extracellular sodium and potassium concentrations. The results show that for both young and old embryonic cardiac cells the resting potential depends primarily on the extracellular potassium concentration and the amplitude and rate of rise of the action potential depend primarily on the extracellular sodium concentration.
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926
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Narayanan CH, Oppenheim R. Experimental studies on hatching behavior in the chick. II. Extirpation of the right wing. THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY 1968; 168:395-401. [PMID: 5692739 DOI: 10.1002/jez.1401680310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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927
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Oppenheim R, Narayanan CH. Experimental studies on hatching behavior in the chick. I. Thoracic spinal gaps. THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY 1968; 168:387-94. [PMID: 5692738 DOI: 10.1002/jez.1401680309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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928
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Visschedijk AH. The air space and embryonic respiration. I. The pattern of gaseous exchange in the fertile egg during the closing stages of incubation. Br Poult Sci 1968; 9:173-84. [PMID: 5650818 DOI: 10.1080/00071666808415707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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929
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Visschedijk AH. The air space and embryonic respiration. 3. The balance between oxygen and carbon dioxide in the air space of the incubating chicken egg and its role in stimulating pipping. Br Poult Sci 1968; 9:197-210. [PMID: 5650819 DOI: 10.1080/00071666808415709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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930
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Visschedijk AH. The air space and embryonic respiration. 2. The times of pipping and hatching as influenced by an artificially changed permeability of the shell over the air space. Br Poult Sci 1968; 9:185-96. [PMID: 5689900 DOI: 10.1080/00071666808415708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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931
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Faber JJ. Mechanical function of the septating embryonic heart. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1968; 214:475-81. [PMID: 5638978 DOI: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1968.214.3.475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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932
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MacLaury DW, Insko WM. Relation of pre-incubation factors and post-hatching performance to length of incubation period. I. Effects of egg weight and storage time on length of incubation period. Poult Sci 1968; 47:305-11. [PMID: 5689505 DOI: 10.3382/ps.0470305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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933
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Machino M, Sakuma H. The secretory activity of the pancreatic delta cells of the young chick and the chick embryo. J Endocrinol 1968; 40:129-30. [PMID: 4864755 DOI: 10.1677/joe.0.0400129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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934
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Rickenbacher J. The importance of the regulation for the normal and abnormal development. Experimental investigations on the limb buds of chick embryos. BIOLOGIA NEONATORUM. NEO-NATAL STUDIES 1968; 12:65-87. [PMID: 4966312 DOI: 10.1159/000240092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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935
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Niazi IA. A contribution to the study of lens regeneration capacity in chick embryos. EXPERIENTIA 1967; 23:970-2. [PMID: 6057035 DOI: 10.1007/bf02136256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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936
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Decker JD, Hamburger V. The influence of different brain regions on periodic motility of the chick embryo. THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY 1967; 165:371-83. [PMID: 6076902 DOI: 10.1002/jez.1401650306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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937
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Gimeno MA, Robets CM, Webb JL. Acceleration of rate of the early chick embryo heart by visible light. Nature 1967; 214:1014-6. [PMID: 6055392 DOI: 10.1038/2141014a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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938
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Morris JE. The biphasic course of regression in the chick mesonephros. EXPERIENTIA 1967; 23:307-8. [PMID: 6055948 DOI: 10.1007/bf02135703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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939
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Garber B, Moscona AA. Suppression of feather morphogenesis in co-aggregates of skin cells from embryos of different ages. THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY 1967; 164:351-61. [PMID: 5340771 DOI: 10.1002/jez.1401640306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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940
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Garber B. Aggregation in vivo of dissociated cells. II. Role of developmental age in tissue reconstruction. THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY 1967; 164:339-49. [PMID: 5340770 DOI: 10.1002/jez.1401640305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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941
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Sheridan JD. Electrophysiological study of special connections between cells in the early chick embryo. J Cell Biol 1966; 31:C1-5. [PMID: 5339565 PMCID: PMC2107032 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.31.1.c1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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942
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el-Ibiary HM, Shaffner CS, Godfrey EF. Pulmonary ventilation in a population of hatching chick embryos. Br Poult Sci 1966; 7:165-76. [PMID: 6007683 DOI: 10.1080/00071668608415621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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943
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Abstract
During part of the incubation period of chick embryos the amnion shows spontaneous contractions. Removal of the amnion on days 9, 10, and 11 has no effect on the amount of, or the cyclic aspects of, motility exhibited by the embryo. These observations question the importance of the amnion and yolk-sac as stimulative factors in the initiation and maintenance of cyclic embryonic motility at the ages studied.
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944
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Shimizu Y, Tasaki K. Electrical excitability of developing cardiac muscle in chick embryos. TOHOKU J EXP MED 1966; 88:49-56. [PMID: 5920631 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.88.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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945
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Bursian AV. [Changes in chick embryo motility under the effect of monochromatic light during early embryogenesis]. FIZIOLOGICHESKII ZHURNAL SSSR IMENI I. M. SECHENOVA 1965; 51:1090-3. [PMID: 5871386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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946
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Alconero BB. The nature of the earliest spontaneous activity of the chick embryo. JOURNAL OF EMBRYOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL MORPHOLOGY 1965; 13:255-266. [PMID: 5847448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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