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Rosenbaum JT, Raymond W, Seymour BW, Wolfrom JA, Enkel H, Howes EL. The effect of corticosteroids or nitrogen mustard on aqueous humor chemotactic activity induced by intravitreal endotoxin. CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY 1986; 39:414-20. [PMID: 3698345 DOI: 10.1016/0090-1229(86)90169-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In rabbits intravitreal injection of endotoxin induces potent chemotactic activity for monocytes in aqueous humor. We have assessed the effect of methylprednisolone (30 mg/kg intramuscularly) or nitrogen mustard (1.75 mg/kg intravenously) on the generation of this chemotactic activity. Histologic changes, anterior chamber protein extravasation, and aqueous humor cellular infiltration were reduced by corticosteroids to a variable degree. However, even in animals with a marked reduction in protein extravasation or histologic change, chemotactic activity was substantially preserved. Similarly, nitrogen mustard induced a leukopenia without affecting the ability of endotoxin to generate chemotactic activity in aqueous humor. In contrast, corticosteroids reduced both protein extravasation and the generation of chemotactic activity induced by intravenously injected endotoxin. The results suggest that the chemotactic activity induced in the eye by intravitreal endotoxin may be locally synthesized and may be present without a substantial leukocytic infiltrate.
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452
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453
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Hartiala KT, Langlois L, Goldstein IM, Rosenbaum JT. Endotoxin-induced selective dysfunction of rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes in response to endogenous chemotactic factors. Infect Immun 1985; 50:527-33. [PMID: 3902647 PMCID: PMC261987 DOI: 10.1128/iai.50.2.527-533.1985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To assess the mechanism and specificity of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) dysfunction induced by endotoxin, rabbits were injected intravenously with 100 micrograms of Escherichia coli endotoxin, and PMN function was studied 18 to 24 h later. Compared to PMN from normal rabbits, peripheral blood PMN from rabbits injected with endotoxin showed diminished chemotactic responsiveness to two endogenous peptides, C5a (complement) and platelet-derived growth factor, and to two endogenous lipids, leukotriene B4 and platelet-activating factor. The chemotactic response to the synthetic chemotactic peptide, N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP), was unimpaired. In contrast to migration, endotoxin injection resulted in inhibition of the secretory response to the two endogenous peptides but not to the lipids or to FMLP. At a 1:4 (vol/vol) dilution, the plasma either 1 or 24 h after the endotoxin injection inhibited normal PMN chemotactic responses to C5a but not to FMLP. Similarly, at a 1:10 dilution, this plasma inhibited normal PMN chemotactic responses to leukotriene B4. The factor responsible for inhibiting responses to leukotriene B4 was anionic, specific for leukotriene B4 responses, and greater than 12,000 daltons. These data may be relevant to understanding PMN dysfunction during gram-negative sepsis.
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454
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Rosenbaum JT, Hartiala KT, Howes EL, Goldstein IM. Endotoxin tolerance diminishes certain antiinflammatory effects of endotoxin. Inflammation 1985; 9:297-308. [PMID: 2931363 DOI: 10.1007/bf00916278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Endotoxin (bacterial lipopolysaccharide, LPS) is paradoxically both inflammatory and antiinflammatory. A single intravenous injection of 100 micrograms Escherichia coli LPS markedly inhibits the inflammatory changes associated with cutaneous reversed passive Arthus (RPA) reactions in New Zealand white rabbits. Polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes from LPS-treated rabbits exhibit diminished responsiveness in vitro to complement (C5) -derived peptides. Repeated injections of LPS render animals "tolerant", that is, refractory to the toxic and inflammatory effects of LPS. We examined whether tolerance would enhance the ability of LPS to inhibit inflammation not attributable to LPS. Surprisingly, as compared with rabbits receiving a single dose of LPS, tolerant rabbits demonstrated greater inflammatory changes (i.e., PMN exudation, vascular permeability) associated with RPA reactions. PMNs from LPS-tolerant rabbits responded in vitro to C5-derived peptides significantly more than PMNs from rabbits that received a single dose of LPS. We speculate that some antiinflammatory effects of LPS require the toxic or inflammatory effects of LPS itself. These observations might relate to the limited efficacy of fever therapy and the variable effects of gram-negative sepsis on functions of human PMNs.
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455
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Rosenbaum JT, Raymond W. Monocyte chemotactic activity induced by intravitreal endotoxin. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1985; 26:1267-73. [PMID: 3897116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to clarify the factors responsible for the cellular infiltrate characteristic of anterior uveitis, the authors have induced inflammation in rabbits by the intravitreal injection of 100 ng of Escherichia coli or Salmonella endotoxin (ET). A 2% concentration of aqueous humor 18 to 24 hr after ET consistently induced monocyte migration as measured in modified Boyden chambers. Activity was significantly greater in these samples than in aqueous after saline injection or 3 hr after endotoxin injection (prior to cellular infiltrate). Using either sephadex G-75 molecular sieve chromatography or a cibacron blue column, the vast majority of migratory activity co-eluted with albumin. Serum albumin, however, at a comparable concentration did not induce migration. Activity was largely heat- and acid-stable and was maximal in the presence of a concentration gradient, indicating that it was chemotactic rather than chemokinetic. A second peak of activity eluted from the G-75 column just prior to a marker with molecular weight of 427 and was also present in eluates from normal aqueous humor. Chloroform:methanol extraction, radioimmunoassay, and high performance liquid chromatography indicated that a small portion of the chemotactic activity could be ascribed to lipid including leukotriene B4. In contrast to the prominence of complement (C5a) derived chemotactic activity resulting from intravenous ET, C5a was not a major contributor to aqueous chemotactic activity subsequent to local ET. These observations demonstrate that leukocyte migration factors in aqueous humor can be characterized and compared. This approach can be used to test the hypothesis that subsets of anterior uveal inflammation might be distinguished on the basis of associated chemotactic factors.
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456
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Rosenbaum JT. Iridocyclitis is not characteristic of Still's disease. West J Med 1985; 143:252. [PMID: 4041093 PMCID: PMC1306299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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457
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Rosenbaum JT, Langlois L, Enkel H, Wolfrom JA. Modification of lipid A reduces endotoxin-induced eye effects. Curr Eye Res 1985; 4:707-11. [PMID: 3896656 DOI: 10.3109/02713688509017666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Intravenous endotoxin produces an acute toxic ocular reaction in rabbits. The core component of endotoxin, lipid A, can be modified by acid hydrolysis. This results in a detoxified ET that is relatively ineffective in inducing fever or lethal effects but which retains activity as a mitogen or as a cofactor in inducing tumor necrosis. We report that detoxified endotoxin was relatively ineffective in inducing iris hyperemia, increased ocular vascular permeability, a rise in aqueous humor prostaglandin E2, or the generation of aqueous humor neutrophil chemotactic activity. Chemotactic activity was not increased in aqueous humor even though detoxified endotoxin effectively generated chemotactic activity from serum in vitro. These observations indicate the critical role of lipid A structure in producing ET-induced ocular effects and show that the ability of ET to act as a mitogen, induce tumor necrosis, or generate serum chemotactic activity can be dissociated from its ocular toxicity.
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458
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Howes EL, Goldyne ME, Perez HD, Goldstein IM, Rosenbaum JT. Lipopolysaccharide tolerance inhibits eye inflammation. I. Reduced immune complex or lipopolysaccharide effects. ARCHIVES OF OPHTHALMOLOGY (CHICAGO, ILL. : 1960) 1985; 103:257-60. [PMID: 3156578 DOI: 10.1001/archopht.1985.01050020109031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The effect of endotoxin tolerance on ocular inflammation was studied in rabbits. A single intravenous (IV) injection of endotoxin (bacterial lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) produced a mild acute iridocyclitis. Repeated daily (five to seven days) IV injections of LPS (5 micrograms extracted from Salmonella typhimurium) led to a state of refractoriness or LPS "tolerance," and ocular inflammation was no longer produced. In contrast to controls, in rabbits tolerant to LPS, IV LPS failed to elevate prostaglandin E2, thromboxane B2, or chemotactic factors in the aqueous humor. Rabbits tolerant to LPS also resisted the increase in vascular permeability normally induced by an ocular reversed passive Arthus reaction. These results demonstrated that LPS tolerance can induce anti-inflammatory effects in the eye.
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459
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Howes EL, Rosenbaum JT. Lipopolysaccharide tolerance inhibits eye inflammation. II. Preliminary studies on the mechanism. ARCHIVES OF OPHTHALMOLOGY (CHICAGO, ILL. : 1960) 1985; 103:261-5. [PMID: 3156579 DOI: 10.1001/archopht.1985.01050020113032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The effect of endotoxin tolerance on ocular inflammation was studied in rabbits. Compared with a control group, a passive Arthus reaction in tolerant rabbits was characterized by a sharp decline in the expected increase in vascular permeability and slightly reduced leukocyte extravasation. Aqueous humor withdrawal (paracentesis) and intravitreal injection of prostaglandin E2 were also examined in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-tolerant rabbits; in both circumstances, ocular protein exudation was decreased. These studies suggest that the prostaglandin system is particularly affected in the ocular responses of LPS-tolerant rabbits, and raise the possibility that other phenomena described in LPS tolerance may have a similar basis.
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460
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Howes EL, Wong KL, Hartiala KT, Webster RO, Rosenbaum JT. Complement and polymorphonuclear leukocytes do not determine the vascular permeability induced by intraocular LPS. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 1985; 118:35-42. [PMID: 3155595 PMCID: PMC1887851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The intravitreous injection of an endotoxin of Escherichia coli 055:B5 (LPS; 0.1-0.5 microgram/50 microliters of saline) induces ocular inflammation in rabbits that is maximal 20-24 hours later and disappears by 4 days. The inflammation is characterized by an alteration in ocular vascular permeability (OVP) measured by the ocular extravasation of 125I-albumin and an outpouring of leukocytes, most of which are polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), as determined by histopathologic study. Nitrogen mustard (mechlorethamine, 1.75 mg/kg) administered 3 days prior to LPS virtually eliminates PMNs in the circulation and those infiltrating ocular tissues 20 hours after intravitreous LPS, and yet the average increase in vascular permeability is not different from that of controls. Cobra venom factor (CVF; 300-400 units) 7 hours before intravitreous LPS produces a greater than 90% decrease in both hemolytic complement activity and zymosan-inducible serum chemotactic activity; yet 20 hours after LPS, the OVP is the same in CVF-treated rabbits and controls. For comparison, an ocular passive Arthus reaction (ovalbumin-anti-ovalbumin) was significantly affected by CVF pretreatment. Chemotactic activity in the aqueous humor is found in both CVF-treated and control rabbits 20 hours after intravitreous LPS. This activity attracts rabbit, but not human, PMNs, is partially heat-sensitive, and is not inhibited when PMNs are preincubated with C5a. These results indicate that neither PMNs nor circulating complement determine the OVP following intravitreous LPS, and that the chemotactic activity present in aqueous humor at the height of the inflammatory response is not primarily C5a.
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461
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Cousins SW, Guss RB, Howes EL, Rosenbaum JT. Endotoxin-induced uveitis in the rat: observations on altered vascular permeability, clinical findings, and histology. Exp Eye Res 1984; 39:665-76. [PMID: 6519200 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4835(84)90065-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A single intraperitoneal dose of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide or LPS) induces an acute inflammatory response in the uveal tract of rats. This inflammation is characterized by a breakdown of the blood/aqueous barrier within 3 hr after the LPS and the subsequent development of clinical disease and a cellular infiltrate. Early change in vascular permeability, clinical, and pathological changes were dose dependent with the two highest doses (100 micrograms or 500 micrograms) producing more severe pathology. Clinical and histopathologic abnormalities peaked at 24 hr and were resolving by 48 hr. Although clinical and histologic changes correlated well, the degree of breakdown of the blood/aqueous barrier at 3 hr failed to predict the extent of the cellular exudate measured by either clinical or histologic criteria. In addition, pharmacologic suppression of the early vascular permeability changes with indomethacin, cyproheptadine, or both agents failed to protect the animals consistently from subsequently developing significant clinical disease or cellular infiltrates on histopathology. LPS-induced uveitis in the rat provides a simple, reproducible model for ocular inflammation without requiring direct eye manipulation. The mediators responsible for the early vascular permeability in this model appear to be distinct from the mediators primarily responsible for the subsequent cellular exudate.
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462
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Rosenbaum JT, Wong K, Perez HD, Raymond W, Howes EL. Characterization of endotoxin-induced C5-derived chemotactic activity in aqueous humor. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1984; 25:1184-91. [PMID: 6384121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Although a cellular exudate characterizes acute anterior uveitis, few studies have sought to identify the chemoattractant(s) contributing to this phenomenon. As a model of acute ocular inflammation, the authors have injected rabbits intravenously with endotoxin (Salmonella typhimurium LPS, 2.5 micrograms/kg). In a Boyden chamber assay, aqueous humor drawn 3 hr after LPS (post-LPS aqueous) exhibited chemotactic activity for purified rabbit granulocytes (PMN). "Checkerboard" analysis indicated that chemotaxis, rather than protein-induced chemokinesis, primarily accounted for PMN migration. Aqueous from normal rabbits demonstrated no chemotactic activity. Chemotactic activity was maximal at 3 hr post-LPS (versus 1 or 5 hr). PMN migration exhibited a direct correlation with the concentration of aqueous tested (0.5-5%). Several observations indicated that this chemotactic activity is complement (C5)-derived. It is inhibited by antibodies to C5 but not affected by antibodies to C3. Similar to rabbit C5a, chemotactic activity in post-LPS aqueous was heat stable at 56 degrees C X 30 min, attracted both human and rabbit PMN at similar concentrations and induced release of beta glucuronidase from PMN. In addition, prior incubation of rabbit PMN with partially purified C5a (densensitization) specifically inhibited chemotactic responses to both C5a and post-LPS aqueous without inhibiting responses to another chemoattractant, n-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine. Finally, chemotactic activity from post-LPS aqueous could be recovered from a Sephadex G75 column and eluted similarly to chemotactic activity in zymosan activated rabbit serum or 13,700 D molecular weight marker. The presence of complement-derived chemotactic activity in this model should not be construed as evidence that this activity contributes to the pathogenesis of endotoxin-induced inflammation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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463
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Park H, Schumacher HR, Zeiger AR, Rosenbaum JT. Antibodies to peptidoglycan in patients with spondylarthritis: a clue to disease aetiology? Ann Rheum Dis 1984; 43:725-8. [PMID: 6497464 PMCID: PMC1001516 DOI: 10.1136/ard.43.5.725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Although the aetiology of the spondylarthritic diseases, ankylosing spondylitis and Reiter's syndrome, is obscure, a clue to the pathogenesis might be an animal model, adjuvant arthritis. Rats with this disease develop a spectrum of pathology with marked similarity to the spondylarthritides. Since peptidoglycan, a major cell wall component of most bacteria is causally implicated in adjuvant arthritis, we sought evidence that peptidoglycan exposure accompanies both Reiter's syndrome and ankylosing spondylitis. Antibodies to the D-Ala-D-Ala moiety of peptidoglycan were measured by a sensitive and specific ELISA. Antibodies were elevated significantly in patients with ankylosing spondylitis or Reiter's syndrome, but not in patients with rheumatoid arthritis or degenerative joint disease in comparison with normal controls. The findings should be considered preliminary, since only a minority of patients had increased antibody titres. However, the findings are compatible with the hypothesis that peptidoglycan is causally related to spondylarthritis. Antibodies to other moieties in the peptidoglycan molecule might be a more sensitive test for significant exposure.
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464
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Rosenbaum JT, Hartiala KT, Webster RO, Howes EL, Goldstein IM. Antiinflammatory effects of endotoxin. Inhibition of rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocyte responses to complement (C5)-derived peptides in vivo and in vitro. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 1983; 113:291-9. [PMID: 6228151 PMCID: PMC1916362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Although capable of provoking a variety of inflammatory effects, endotoxin (bacterial lipopolysaccharide) paradoxically has been reported to be antiinflammatory. The authors have found that single intravenous injections of Escherichia coli endotoxin, 24 hours before challenge, inhibit almost completely the vascular permeability changes and exudation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes induced in rabbit skin by reversed passive Arthus reactions. Whereas intravenous injections of endotoxin also caused modest inhibition of the vascular permeability changes induced in rabbit skin by the synthetic peptide N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP), exudation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes was unaffected. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes from rabbits given single injected doses of endotoxin exhibited markedly diminished chemotactic and degranulation responses to complement (C5)-derived peptides in vitro. Responses of these cells to FMLP, however, were normal. These data suggest that selective suppression of polymorphonuclear leukocyte responses to C5-derived peptides accounts, in part, for the antiinflammatory effects of endotoxin.
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465
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Rosenbaum JT, Hendricks PA, Shively JE, McDougall IR. Distribution of radiolabeled endotoxin with particular reference to the eye: concise communication. J Nucl Med 1983; 24:29-33. [PMID: 6848700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A single systemic injection of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide or LPS) reproducibly induces a cellular infiltrate in the uveal tract of the rat eye within 24 hr. Other organs are not comparably sensitive to systemic endotoxin. One hypothesis to explain this unique sensitivity is that endotoxin is preferentially bound by ocular tissue. We tested this hypothesis by studying the distribution in the rat of intravenously injected endotoxin that had been radiolabeled with Tc-99m or P-32. With either radionuclide the concentration of endotoxin per gram of tissue at a variety of times after injection ranging from 5 min to 3 hr and 45 min, was markedly less in the eye than in liver, kidney, or spleen. A study with radiolabeled albumin indicated that these differences could not be ascribed solely to the organ's blood volume. They demonstrate, therefore, that the eye does not preferentially bind endotoxin, and they are compatible with the hypothesis that endotoxin's ocular effects are indirectly mediated.
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466
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Rosenbaum JT, Mandell RB. The effect of endotoxin and endotoxin tolerance on inflammation induced by mycobacterial adjuvant. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 1983; 56:293-301. [PMID: 6670292 PMCID: PMC2589639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Peptidoglycan, the substance in mycobacteria thought to be responsible for inducing adjuvant arthritis, and endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide or LPS) share many inflammatory properties. Since repeated administration of LPS produces tolerance, i.e., resistance to the toxic and inflammatory effects of LPS, we tested whether LPS and/or LPS tolerance might influence inflammation due to mycobacterial adjuvant. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with Escherichia coli LPS or saline intraperitoneally and then challenged with 100 micrograms killed Mycobacteria butyricum (adjuvant) in the footpad. A single dose of 100 micrograms LPS three or 24 hours before adjuvant markedly, but transiently, reduced the local footpad swelling that begins within hours of the adjuvant injection and histologically resembles a sterile abscess. Animals that received multiple doses of LPS and were therefore tolerant or animals that received LPS 72 hours before adjuvant demonstrated adjuvant-induced footpad swelling nearly equal to controls. The anti-inflammatory effect of LPS was transient since footpad swelling in all groups was nearly comparable six days after the adjuvant injection and LPS failed to inhibit consistently the arthritis that develops two or more weeks after adjuvant injection. These studies establish that LPS can markedly inhibit the prodrome of adjuvant arthritis (footpad swelling due to M. butyricum), that inhibition of this prodrome does not prevent the subsequent development of arthritis, and that LPS tolerance diminishes this anti-inflammatory effect of LPS.
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467
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Cousins SW, Rosenbaum JT, Guss RB, Egbert PR. Ocular albumin fluorophotometric quantitation of endotoxin-induced vascular permeability. Infect Immun 1982; 36:730-6. [PMID: 6806194 PMCID: PMC351291 DOI: 10.1128/iai.36.2.730-736.1982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide; LPS) is known to alter systemic vascular permeability, but this effect is difficult to monitor and quantitate in vivo. The ocular vessels of the rabbit are particularly sensitive to LPS. Using a slit lamp equipped with a fluorophotometer, we have adapted a method to quantitate endotoxin-induced ocular vascular permeability by measuring the accumulation of fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated albumin into the anterior chamber of the eye. After intravenous administration of Salmonella typhimurim LPS, the anterior chamber fluorescence and blood fluorescence were measured at intervals of 15 min and 1 h, respectively, over 4 h. In controls, maximal fluorescence in the anterior chamber was 3.1 +/- 0.8% of blood fluorescence. Doses of LPS as low as 0.25 mug/kg produced an ocular/serum fluorescence ratio of 17.6 +/- 4.9. A dose of 2.5 mug of LPS per kg tended to produce a higher ratio (68.0 +/- 7.1) than a larger dose of 50 mug/kg (30.5 +/- 16.6). Permeability changes began within 30 min after LPS, and the rate of dye accumulation varied over time, with maximal leakage usually occurring 90 min after LPS, but occasionally occurring much later. Repeated doses produced tolerance. By conjugating albumin to rhodamine and utilizing a second filter with the slit lamp to measure accumulation of this dye, we demonstrated the persistence of marked permeability during a period when intraocular fluorescein isothiocyanate and albumin levels were relatively constant. This methodology indicates that extremely low doses of LPS induce ocular permeability changes and that neither the time course nor the dose response of this effect is linear. Ocular fluorophotometry is a sensitive, noninvasive technique to study the dynamics and pharmacology of LPS-induced permeability changes.
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468
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Rosenbaum JT, Cousins SW. Uveitis and arthritis: experimental models and clinical correlates. Semin Arthritis Rheum 1982; 11:383-9. [PMID: 7048530 DOI: 10.1016/0049-0172(82)90025-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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469
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Bristow MR, Ginsburg R, Kantrowitz NE, Baim DS, Rosenbaum JT. Coronary spasm associated with urticaria: report of a case mimicking anaphylaxis. Clin Cardiol 1982; 5:238-40. [PMID: 7083649 DOI: 10.1002/clc.4960050307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent investigations suggest that the vasoactive substances, histamine, prostaglandin E2, and thromboxane A2 are mediators of coronary artery spasm. These substances may be released during a episode of urticaria. We report here a case of coronary artery spasm associated with an episode of acute urticaria. The coronary spasm may have been mediated by the vasoactive substances released from basophils and secondary platelet aggregation, known to occur with urticaria.
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470
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Rosenbaum JT, Adelman NE, McDevitt HO. In vivo effects of antibodies to immune response gene products. I. Haplotype-specific suppression of humoral immune responses with a monoclonal anti-I-A. J Exp Med 1981; 154:1694-702. [PMID: 6795305 PMCID: PMC2186506 DOI: 10.1084/jem.154.5.1694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune response (Ir) gene products control immunologic function at several critical sites. We administered in vivo a monoclonal antibody reactive with I-Ak to F1 mice with the genotype H-2k/b. These treated mnice made a markedly reduced antibody response to antigen (H,G)-A--L, under the control of I-Ak, but not to antigen (T,G)-A--L, under the control of I-Ab. This relative specificity was lost if the antigen was given in complete Freund's adjuvant rather than aqueous solution. The monoclonal antibody reduced the antibody titer in an ongoing, secondary response as well. Several potential mechanisms can be postulated for this effect. This haplotypic specificity might ultimately be relevant to human disease.
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471
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Steinman L, Rosenbaum JT, Sriram S, McDevitt HO. In vivo effects of antibodies to immune response gene products: prevention of experimental allergic encephalitis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1981; 78:7111-4. [PMID: 6947275 PMCID: PMC349205 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.78.11.7111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Prevention of experimental allergic encephalitis in SJL/J [H-2s] mice was achieved with in vivo administration of antibody reactive with I-As gene products prior to immunization with spinal cord antigen. No protection was evident in animals that received antisera specific for I-Js gene products. Administration of antibody to I-As beginning 5 days after immunization with spinal cord antigen delayed, but did not prevent, the onset of experimental allergic encephalitis.
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472
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473
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Abstract
The histocompatibility antigen HLA-B27 predisposes to at least three diseases: ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter's syndrome, and acute anterior uveitis. Despite its marked association with these diseases, the mechanism of the predisposition remains speculative. Two animal models, those of adjuvant arthritis and endotoxin-induced uveitis, are particularly relevant to an understanding of B27-related disease. An analysis of these two models is useful in considering hypotheses on the mechanism of the B27-related predisposition. The proposal that HLA-B27 itself or a gene closely linked to it confers an enhanced sensitivity to an inflammatory mediator such as a prostaglandin fits both with the animal models and observations on human disease. Studies to test this hypothesis are in progress.
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474
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Rosenbaum JT, Theofilopoulos AN, McDevitt HO, Pereira AB, Carson D, Calin A. Presence of circulation immune complexes in Reiter's syndrome and ankylosing spondylitis. CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY 1981; 18:291-7. [PMID: 7008993 DOI: 10.1016/0090-1229(81)90036-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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475
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Rosenbaum JT, McDevitt HO, Guss RB, Egbert PR. Endotoxin-induced uveitis in rats as a model for human disease. Nature 1980; 286:611-3. [PMID: 7402339 DOI: 10.1038/286611a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 343] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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