451
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Sun Z, Cao X, Jiang MM, Qiu Y, Zhou H, Chen L, Qin B, Wu H, Jiang F, Chen J, Liu J, Dai Y, Chen HF, Hu QY, Wu Z, Zeng JZ, Yao XS, Zhang XK. Inhibition of β-catenin signaling by nongenomic action of orphan nuclear receptor Nur77. Oncogene 2011; 31:2653-67. [PMID: 21986938 PMCID: PMC3257393 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of β-catenin turnover due to mutations of its regulatory proteins including adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and p53 is implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer. Thus, intensive effort is being made to search for alternative approaches to reduce abnormally activated β-catenin in cancer cells. Nur77, an orphan member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, has a role in the growth and apoptosis of cancer cells. Here, we reported that Nur77 could inhibit transcriptional activity of β-catenin by inducing β-catenin degradation via proteasomal degradation pathway that is glycogen synthase kinase 3β and Siah-1 independent. Nur77 induction of β-catenin degradation required both the N-terminal region of Nur77, which was involved in Nur77 ubiquitination, and the C-terminal region, which was responsible for β-catenin binding. Nur77/ΔDBD, a Nur77 mutant lacking its DNA-binding domain, resided in the cytoplasm, interacted with β-catenin, and induced β-catenin degradation, demonstrating that Nur77-mediated β-catenin degradation was independent of its DNA binding and transactivation, and might occur in the cytoplasm. In addition, we reported our identification of two digitalis-like compounds (DLCs), H-9 and ATE-i2-b4, which potently induced Nur77 expression and β-catenin degradation in SW620 colon cancer cells expressing mutant APC protein in vitro and in animals. DLC-induced Nur77 protein was mainly found in the cytoplasm, and inhibition of Nur77 nuclear export by the CRM1-dependent nuclear export inhibitor leptomycin B or Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor prevented the effect of DLC on inducing β-catenin degradation. Together, our results demonstrate that β-catenin can be degraded by cytoplasmic Nur77 through their interaction and identify H-9 and ATE-i2-b4 as potent activators of the Nur77-mediated pathway for β-catenin degradation.
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452
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Okabayashi T, Cameron AM, Hisada M, Montgomery RA, Williams GM, Sun Z. Mobilization of host stem cells enables long-term liver transplant acceptance in a strongly rejecting rat strain combination. Am J Transplant 2011; 11:2046-56. [PMID: 21883903 PMCID: PMC3190303 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2011.03698.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Careful examination of liver, kidney and heart transplants in human recipients has revealed small numbers of host bone marrow derived stem cells in the graft. If the limited recipient repopulation of a donor graft that is currently observed could be facilitated, it is possible that conversion to a predominantly host phenotype would permit long-term graft function without immunosuppression. We proposed to "engineer" repopulation after transplant in a strain combination (dark agouti [DA] to Lewis green fluorescent protein+[LEW GFP+]) which rejects liver grafts strongly, a model that more closely resembles the situation in humans. Treatment on days 0, 1, 2, 3 and 7 after transplantation with low-dose (0.1 mg/kg) tacrolimus (T) designed to blunt rejection combined with plerixafor (P) to mobilize host stem cells resulted in greater than 180 days graft survival with extensive albeit spotty conversion of a small (50%) DA graft to the recipient LEW GFP+ genotype. Subsequent skin grafting revealed donor-specific graft prolongation. The T plus P treatment resulted in higher levels of Lin-Thy1+CD34+CD133+ stem cells and Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in the blood and liver at day 7. Thus, pharmacological mobilization of host stem cells sustains liver allografts by two mechanisms: repopulation of injured donor cells and regulation of the immune response.
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453
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Zhang C, Huang W, Sun Z, Hou B. A comparison of two gutta-percha master points consisting of different phases in filling of artificial lateral canals and depressions in the apical region of root canals when using a warm vertical compaction technique. Int Endod J 2011; 44:1041-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2011.01919.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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454
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Sun Z, Feng D, Everett LJ, Bugge A, Lazar MA. Circadian epigenomic remodeling and hepatic lipogenesis: lessons from HDAC3. COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 2011; 76:49-55. [PMID: 21900149 PMCID: PMC3755609 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.2011.76.011494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms have evolved to anticipate metabolic needs across the 24-h light/dark cycle. This is accomplished by circadian expression of metabolic genes orchestrated by transcription factors through chromatin remodeling and histone modifications. Our recent genome-wide study on histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) in mouse liver provides novel insights into the molecular link between circadian rhythm and hepatic de novo lipogenesis. We found that liver-specific knockout of HDAC3 in adult mouse displays severe hepatic steatosis associated with enhanced de novo lipogenesis and increased expression of lipogenic genes. Genome-wide analysis (ChIP-seq) revealed a pronounced circadian pattern of HDAC3 occupancy on genes involved in lipid metabolism, which is inversely related to histone acetylation and RNA polymerase II recruitment at these sites. The cistromes of HDAC3 and its binding partner, nuclear receptor corepressor (NCoR), significantly overlap with that of Rev-erbα, a nuclear receptor directly involved in the core circadian machinery. Knockout of Rev-erbα in mouse also leads to hepatic steatosis and enhanced de novo lipogenesis. Collectively, these data suggest that the circadian epigenomic remodeling controlled by HDAC3, and largely directed by Rev-erbα, is essential for homeostasis of the lipogenic process in liver.
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455
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Li S, Guo J, Wu J, Sun Z, Han M, Shan S, Deng Z, Yang B, Weisel R, Li R. 180 microrna-17 Accelerates Cardiac Matrix Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction by Targeting Timp-1 and Timp-2. Can J Cardiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2011.07.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
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456
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Li S, Sun Z, Brunt K, Weisel R, Li R. 401 Cardiac-resident bone marrow stem cells govern repair after infarction in aged mice. Can J Cardiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2011.07.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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457
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Shi Y, Chen J, Li L, Sun Z, Zen L, Xu S, Zhang Y, Zhang L. A study of diagnostic value of golgi protein GP73 and its genetic assay in primary hepatic carcinoma. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2011; 10:287-94. [PMID: 21517136 DOI: 10.7785/tcrt.2012.500205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic values of GP73 protein in patients' serum with primary hepatic carcinoma (PHC). Also GP73 mRNA expression level in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and liver tissue between health controls and PHC patients was interrogated. Finally the role of combined detection of serum GP73 and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in high-risk population screening was evaluate, in an attempt to justify the new, sensitive, specific and rapid measure for the diagnosis and detection of PHC. Serum proteins of GP73 and AFP were examined in 73 patients with PHC, 13 patients with hepatic cirrhosis, 32 patients with hepatitis and 62 healthy subjects using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The relative expression levels of GP73 mRNA in PBMCs and liver tissues were examined by using SYBR Green quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay, calculated with the comparison of Cq value. In contrast to patients with cirrhosis and hepatitis, or healthy subjects, PHC patients had their serum GP73 and AFP significantly elevated (P < 0.05) while their PBMCs GP73 mRNA was not significantly different from those with cirrhosis and hepatitis, or healthy subjects (P > 0.05). The expression level of GP73 mRNA was significantly higher in PHC liver tissue than in normal liver tissue. The sensitivity for serum GP73 and AFP in PHC was 68.5% and 28.8%, respectively while that for the combined detection was up to 74%, justifying that the combined detection could prevent the false negative diagnosis by AFP alone and significantly improve the detection rate. As a new diagnostic biomarker of PHC, GP73 protein in serum was highly sensitive and specific. GP73 mRNA in PHC liver tissue specimens instead of whole blood could be used for the diagnosis of PHC as a tumor biomarker, whose detection was highly invasive, risky and afflicting otherwise. The combined detection of GP73 and AFP in serum effectively improved the diagnosis of PHC, in addition to the screening in high-risk population.
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458
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Xu Y, Zhao F, Wang Z, Song Y, Luo Y, Zhang X, Jiang L, Sun Z, Miao Z, Xu H. MicroRNA-335 acts as a metastasis suppressor in gastric cancer by targeting Bcl-w and specificity protein 1. Oncogene 2011; 31:1398-407. [PMID: 21822301 PMCID: PMC3312408 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant expression of miR-335 has been frequently reported in cancer studies, suggesting that there is a close correlation between miR-335 and cancer during its development, progression, metastasis and prognosis. The expression of miR-335 in gastric cancer and its effects are not known. Relative expression of miR-335 in 4 gastric cancer cell lines and in 70 gastric cancer tissues was confirmed by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR compared with controls. Transwell cell migration and Matrigel invasion assay in vitro and metastasis formation assay in vivo were used to examine the effects of miR-335 expression on gastric cancer cell invasion and metastasis. The effect of miR-335 expression on gastric cancer cell proliferation was estimated by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Luciferase reporter assay and western blot were used to examine the potential target genes and related pathways. Gene silencing with small-interfering RNA was used to examine the effects of target genes on gastric cancer cell invasion. miR-335 was dramatically downregulated in gastric cancer cell lines than in the normal gastric cell line GES-1. Low expression of miR-335 was significantly associated with lymph-node metastasis, poor pT stage, poor pN stage and invasion of lymphatic vessels. Overexpression of miR-335 suppressed gastric cancer cell invasion and metastasis in vitro and in vivo, but has no significant effects on cell proliferation. Furthermore, miR-335 might suppress gastric cancer invasion and metastasis by targeting Bcl-w and specificity protein 1 (SP1). Taken together, our results provide evidence that miR-335 might function as a metastasis suppressor in gastric cancer by targeting SP1 directly and indirectly through the Bcl-w-induced phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt-Sp1 pathway. miR-335 showing altered expression at different stages of gastric cancer could be a target for gastric cancer therapies and could be further developed as a potential prognostic factor.
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459
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Yang R, Gao Y, Liu X, Li Y, Sun Z. Toxicity of docetaxel-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (DSNs) and Taxotere®—A comparative in vivo study. Toxicol Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.05.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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460
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Xiao C, Xu X, Liu S, Wang T, Dong W, Yang T, Sun Z, Dai D, Xu X, Zhang DH, Yang X. Experimental and Theoretical Differential Cross Sections for a Four-Atom Reaction: HD + OH -> H2O + D. Science 2011; 333:440-2. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1205770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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461
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Liu H, Wang K, Tang Y, Sun Z, Jian L, Li Z, Wu B, Huang C. Structure elucidation of in vivo and in vitro metabolites of mangiferin. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 55:1075-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Revised: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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462
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Li ZQ, Shi JH, Liu QQ, Chen YW, Sun Z, Yang Z, Huang SM. Large-scale growth of Cu2ZnSnSe4 and Cu2ZnSnSe4/Cu2ZnSnS4 core/shell nanowires. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 22:265615. [PMID: 21586809 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/22/26/265615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We present a fast and simple protocol for large-scale preparation of quaternary Cu(2)ZnSnSe(4) (CZTSe), as well as CZTSe/Cu(2)ZnSnS(4) (CZTS) core/shell nanowires using CuSe nanowire bundles as self-sacrificial templates. CuSe nanowire bundles were synthesized by reacting Cu(2 - x)Se nanowire bundles with sodium citrate solution. CZTSe nanowires were prepared by reacting CuSe nanowire bundles with Zn(CH(3)COO)(2) and SnCl(2) in triethylene glycol. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and selected area electron diffraction studies show that stannite CZTSe is formed. The formed CZTSe nanowire bundles have diameters of 200-400 nm and lengths of up to hundreds of micrometers. CZTSe/CZTS nanocable bundles with similar morphologies were grown by the addition of some elemental sulfur to the reaction system for growth of CZTSe bundles. The stannite CZTSe/kesterite CZTS core/shell structure of the grown nanocables was confirmed by XRD and high-resolution transmission electron microscope investigation. The influence of S/Se molar ratio in the reaction system on the crystallographic structures and optical properties of CZTSe/CZTS nanocables was studied. The obtained CZTSe/CZTS core/shell nanocable bundles show broad and enhanced optical absorption over the visible and near-infrared region, which is promising for use in photovoltaic applications.
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463
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Liu D, Gui J, Ding J, Ma J, Lee J, Sun Z. Oxidation of dibenzothiophene catalyzed by Na2WO4 in a halogen-free ionic liquid. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-011-0347-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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464
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Nakatani S, Wei M, Ishimura E, Kakehashi A, Mori K, Inaba M, Wanibuchi H, Li Y, Liu J, Wang B, Liu M, Chi Y, Marquez E, Riera M, Rigol J, Pascual J, Soler MJ, Grosjean F, Esposito V, Torreggiani M, Madek JM, Williams VA, Zheng F, Vlassara H, Jepsen KJ, Striker GE, Yuan Y, Zhao L, Chen Y, Moorhead J, Varghese Z, Sun Z, Ruan X, Kuno Y, Iyoda M, Shibata T, Hirai Y, Akizawa T. Diabetes / Basic research. Clin Kidney J 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/ndtplus/4.s2.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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465
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Ling Y, Wu B, Wang K, Liu H, Chen L, Fan M, Sun Z, Huang C. In vivo metabolism study of polygalic acid in rat using HPLC-ESI-MSn. Biomed Chromatogr 2011; 26:220-4. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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466
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De Censi A, Sun Z, Thurlimann BJK, McIntosh C, Guerrieri-Gonzaga A, Monnier A, Tondini C, Campone M, Mauriac L, Zaman K, Schoenberger A, Price KN, Gelber RD, Goldhirsch A, Coates AS, Aebi SP. Bone mineral density (BMD) in participants (pts) of trial BIG 1-98 comparing adjuvant letrozole (L) versus tamoxifen (T) or their sequence. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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467
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Yang P, Li Y, Sun Z, Cunningham JM, Aubry M, Wampfler JA, Croghan G, Johnson C, Wu D, Aakre J, Molina JR, Wang L, Pankratz VS. Genetic variations in multiple drug action pathways and survival in advanced-stage non-small cell lung cancer treated with chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.7009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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468
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Gore S, Sun Z, Prebet T, Greenberg P, Gabrilove J, Erba H, Juckett M, Czader M, Paietta E, Ketterling R, Tallman M. 170 Azacitidine plus entinostat: Results from E1905, the first randomized trial adding a histone deacetylase inhibitor to a DNMT inhibitor (DNMTi). Leuk Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(11)70172-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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469
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Prebet T, Sun Z, Carraway H, Thakar M, Greenberg P, Czader M, Paietta E, Juckett M, Erba H, Gabrilove J, Tallman M, Herman J, Gore S. 299 SOCS1 methylation and azacitidine response in high risk myelodysplasia (MDS) and secondary acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Leuk Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(11)70301-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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470
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Sun Z, Hu Y, Liu S, Tang S, Han X, Zhou C, Wang M, He Z, Tan Z. Net nutrient flux in visceral tissues of goats fed diets based on maize or wheat. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2011. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/66154/2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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471
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Dimiev A, Kosynkin DV, Sinitskii A, Slesarev A, Sun Z, Tour JM. Layer-by-Layer Removal of Graphene for Device Patterning. Science 2011; 331:1168-72. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1199183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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472
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Nieves-Arriba L, Belinson S, Booth C, Brainard J, Chiesa-Vottero A, Enerson C, Perez A, Sun Z, Belinson J. MECCS II: Primary screening for cervical cancer with an mRNA human papillomavirus assay. Gynecol Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2010.12.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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473
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Chahine L, Ahmed A, Sun Z. Effects of STN DBS for Parkinson’s disease on restless legs syndrome and other sleep-related measures. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2011; 17:208-11. [PMID: 21216651 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2010.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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474
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Karlsson P, Sun Z, Braun D, Price KN, Castiglione-Gertsch M, Rabaglio M, Gelber RD, Crivellari D, Collins J, Murray E, Zaman K, Colleoni M, Gusterson BA, Viale G, Regan MM, Coates AS, Goldhirsch A. Long-term results of International Breast Cancer Study Group Trial VIII: adjuvant chemotherapy plus goserelin compared with either therapy alone for premenopausal patients with node-negative breast cancer. Ann Oncol 2011; 22:2216-26. [PMID: 21325445 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdq735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The International Breast Cancer Study Group Trial VIII compared long-term efficacy of endocrine therapy (goserelin), chemotherapy [cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and fluorouracil (CMF)], and chemoendocrine therapy (CMF followed by goserelin) for pre/perimenopausal women with lymph-node-negative breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS From 1990 to 1999, 1063 patients were randomized to receive (i) goserelin for 24 months (n = 346), (ii) six courses of 'classical' CMF (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil) chemotherapy (n = 360), or (iii) six courses of CMF plus 18 months goserelin (CMF→ goserelin; n = 357). Tumors were classified as estrogen receptor (ER) negative (19%), ER positive (80%), or ER unknown (1%); 19% of patients were younger than 40. Median follow-up was 12.1 years. RESULTS For the ER-positive cohort, sequential therapy provided a statistically significant benefit in disease-free survival (DFS) (12-year DFS = 77%) compared with CMF alone (69%) and goserelin alone (68%) (P = 0.04 for each comparison), due largely to the effect in younger patients. Patients with ER-negative tumors whose treatment included CMF had similar DFS (12-year DFS CMF = 67%; 12-year DFS CMF→ goserelin = 69%) compared with goserelin alone (12-year DFS = 61%, P= NS). CONCLUSIONS For pre/perimenopausal women with lymph-node-negative ER-positive breast cancer, CMF followed by goserelin improved DFS in comparison with either modality alone. The improvement was the most pronounced in those aged below 40, suggesting an endocrine effect of prolonged CMF-induced amenorrhea.
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475
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Shi X, Tay BK, Flynn DI, Sun Z. Tribological Properties of Tetrahedral Carbon Films Deposited by Filtered Cathodic Vacuum Arc Technique. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-436-293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTa-C films have been deposited using FCVA technique. The hardness and Young's modulus of the films on both silicon and sapphire substrates are determined by an ultra low load depth sensing nanoindenter to examine their dependence on the carbon ion energy. An optimum ion energy around 80 to 90 eV has been found, which coincides with the energy at which the sp3 content and film density reach maximum values. At this ion energy, the hardness, modulus and critical load of a 60 nm film on sapphire exhibit maximum values of 60 GPa, 580 GPa and 7 mN, respectively, whilst the frictional coefficient shows a minimum of 0.16.
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