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Tao L, Chandran A, Hirsch LJ, Wei Z, Wang D, Ji L, Sun Z, Qin G, Li Q. Design & Methods For Study Of Prevalence, Risk Factors And Economic Burden Of Insulin Injection-Related Lipohypertrophy In China. VALUE IN HEALTH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR PHARMACOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2014; 17:A741-A742. [PMID: 27202672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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Tao L, Zhang X, Strauss K, Hirsch LJ, Chandran A. ESTIMATED ECONOMIC BURDEN OF INSULIN INJECTION-RELATED LIPOHYPERTROPHY IN CHINESE PATIENTS WITH DIABETES. VALUE IN HEALTH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR PHARMACOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2014; 17:A748-A749. [PMID: 27202710 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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Myasoedova E, Chandran A, Ilhan B, Major B, Matteson E, Crowson C. SAT0138 Cumulative Burden of Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Severity Impacts Cardiovascular Disease Risk. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.3880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Ghoshdastidar D, Chandran A, Senapati S. Stability of DNA in Hydrated Ionic Liquids: Effect of Solvent Nanostructuring. Biophys J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.11.1623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Nahser H, Puthuran M, Chandran A, Javadpour M, Eldridge P. E-076 Fistulae at the Falx and Tentorium cerebelli; Liverpool series. J Neurointerv Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2013-010870.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Chandran A, Ghoshdastidar D, Senapati S. Groove binding mechanism of ionic liquids: a key factor in long-term stability of DNA in hydrated ionic liquids? J Am Chem Soc 2012. [PMID: 23181803 DOI: 10.1021/ja304519d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acid sample storage is of paramount importance in biotechnology and forensic sciences. Very recently, hydrated ionic liquids (ILs) have been identified as ideal media for long-term DNA storage. Hence, understanding the binding characteristics and molecular mechanism of interactions of ILs with DNA is of both practical and fundamental interest. Here, we employ molecular dynamics simulations and spectroscopic experiments to unravel the key factors that stabilize DNA in hydrated ILs. Both simulation and experimental results show that DNA maintains the native B-conformation in ILs. Simulation results further suggest that, apart from the electrostatic association of IL cations with the DNA backbone, groove binding of IL cations through hydrophobic and polar interactions contributes significantly to DNA stability. Circular dichroism spectral measurements and fluorescent dye displacement assay confirm the intrusion of IL molecules into the DNA minor groove. Very interestingly, the IL ions were seen to disrupt the water cage around DNA, including the spine of hydration in the minor groove. This partial dehydration by ILs likely prevents the hydrolytic reactions that denature DNA and helps stabilize DNA for the long term. The detailed understanding of IL-DNA interactions provided here could guide the future development of novel ILs, specific for nucleic acid solutes.
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Chandran A, Lunnen JC, Pérez-Núñez R, Híjar MM, Hidalgo-Solórzano E, Hyder AA. The prevalence of motorcycle helmet use in three Mexican cities. Inj Prev 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2012-040590w.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Sousa TRV, Chandran A, Schmitz AR, Pasa GG, Gonçalves VM, Bastos TM, Seiffert BE, Hyder A, Pechansky F. First standardised field sobriety test in Brazil. Inj Prev 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2012-040590o.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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de Ramirez SS, Khan U, Chandran A, Zia N, Huang C, Razzak J, Hyder A. Caretaker perceptions of childhood home safety and injury risks in Karachi, Pakistan: a qualitative study. Inj Prev 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2012-040590a.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Seiffert B, Chandran A, Li Q, Sousa TRV, Pechansky F, Hyder AA. Potential for lives saved by the road safety in 10 countries (RS-10) project interventions in five Brazilian cities. Inj Prev 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2012-040590u.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Pérez-Núñez R, Chandran A, Híjar M, Celis A, Carmona-Lozano MS, Lunnen JC, Hyder AA. QUANTIFYING THE USE OF SEATBELTS AND CHILD RESTRAINTS IN THREE MEXICAN CITIES. Inj Prev 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2012-040580e.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Pérez-Nuñez R, Vera-López JD, Hijar M, Hidalgo-Solórzano E, Lunnen JC, Chandran A. DISTRACTED DRIVING: MOBILE PHONE USE WHILE DRIVING IN THREE MEXICAN CITIES. Inj Prev 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2012-040580g.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Gonçalves VM, Chandran A, Seiffert BE, Souza TRV, Pechansky F. Vulnerable users' deaths in Brazilian road safety 10 cities (RS-10). Inj Prev 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2012-040590v.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Chandran A, Pérez-Núñez R, Bachani A, Híjar MM, Bishai D, Hyder AA. Impact of a national multifaceted road safety intervention programme in Mexico: results and implications from a time-series analysis. Inj Prev 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2012-040590u.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Híjar MM, Santoyo D, Chandran A, Pérez-Núñez R, Lunnen JC, Hyder AA. Evaluating the reach of youth-focused drinking and driving reduction interventions in two Mexican cities. Inj Prev 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2012-040590r.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Chandran A, Kazi G, Eckerle M, Qureshi S, Hyder AA, Razzak J. Development and pilot testing of a new acute paediatrics and injury course for ambulance providers in Karachi, Pakistan. Inj Prev 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2012-040590b.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Udayakumar P, Chandran A, Jean Jose J, Rajesh BR, Narendra Babu K, Ouseph PP. Seasonal dynamics of dissolved metals in surface coastal waters of southwest India. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2011; 87:662-668. [PMID: 21922283 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-011-0402-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Spatial and temporal variations in concentration of dissolved metals viz. Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb), Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni), Zinc (Zn), Cadmium (Cd) and Mercury (Hg) in surface waters of southwest coast of India were studied. Concentrations of metals showed an aberration both temporally and spatially. Seasonal average concentrations of the analyzed metals followed the order Zn > Ni > Cu > Pb > Cd > Cr > Hg. The degree of contamination due to metal was determined by comparison with coastal water quality criteria. It established enrichment of Cu, Zn, Ni and Hg due to anthropogenic influence along southwest coast of India.
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Rao M, Ramachandra SS, Bandyopadhyay S, Chandran A, Shidhaye R, Tamisettynarayana S, Thippaiah A, Sitamma M, Sunil George M, Singh V, Sivasankaran S, Bangdiwala SI. Addressing healthcare needs of people living below the poverty line: a rapid assessment of the Andhra Pradesh Health Insurance Scheme. THE NATIONAL MEDICAL JOURNAL OF INDIA 2011; 24:335-341. [PMID: 22680257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Families living below the poverty line in countries which do not have universal healthcare coverage are drawn into indebtedness and bankruptcy. The state of Andhra Pradesh in India established the Rajiv Aarogyasri Community Health Insurance Scheme (RACHIS) in 2007 with the aim of breaking this cycle by improving the access of below the poverty line (BPL) families to secondary and tertiary healthcare. It covered a wide range of surgical and medical treatments for serious illnesses requiring specialist healthcare resources not always available at district-level government hospitals. The impact of this scheme was evaluated by a rapid assessment, commissioned by the government of Andhra Pradesh. The aim of the assessment was to explore the contribution of the scheme to the reduction of catastrophic health expenditure among the poor and to recommend ways by which delivery of the scheme could be improved. We report the findings of this assessment. METHODS Two types of data were used for the assessment. Patient data pertaining to 89 699 treatment requests approved by the scheme during its first 18 months were examined. Second, surveys of scheme beneficiaries and providers were undertaken in 6 randomly selected districts of Andhra Pradesh. RESULTS This novel scheme was beginning to reach the BPL households in the state and providing access to free secondary and tertiary healthcare to seriously ill poor people. CONCLUSION An integrated model encompassing primary, secondary and tertiary care would be of greater benefit to families below the poverty line and more cost-effective for the government. There is considerable potential for the government to build on this successful start and to strengthen equity of access and the quality of care provided by the scheme.
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Diessner J, Reim F, Junker M, Bruttel V, Chandran A, Montalban I, Dietl J, Adel Seida A, Wischhusen J, Hönig A. Hemmung der Induktion von Tumorstammzellen. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1286457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Hönig A, Reim F, Junker M, Bruttel V, Chandran A, Montalban I, Dietl J, Adel Seida A, Wischhusen J, Diessner J. Therapie von Brustkrebsstammzellen beim HER2 positiven Mammakarzinom mit HER2 spezifischen Antikörpern (T-DM1 und Pertuzumab). Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1286505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Diessner J, Reim F, Junker M, Bruttel V, Chandran A, Montalban I, Dietl J, Adel Seida A, Wischhusen J, Hönig A. Hemmung der Induktion von Tumorstammzellen. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1278599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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72
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Diessner J, Reim F, Junker M, Bruttel V, Chandran A, Montalban I, Dietl J, Adel Seida A, Wischhusen J, Hönig A. Therapie von Brustkrebstammzellen beim HER2 positiven Mammakarzinom mit HER2 spezifischen Antikörpern (T-DM1 und Pertuzumab). Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1278578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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73
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Sanchez RJ, Uribe C, Li H, Alvir J, Deminski M, Chandran A, Palacio A. Longitudinal evaluation of health care utilization and costs during the first three years after a new diagnosis of fibromyalgia. Curr Med Res Opin 2011; 27:663-71. [PMID: 21241205 DOI: 10.1185/03007995.2010.550605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate health care resource utilization and costs 1 year before and 3 years after a fibromyalgia (FM) diagnosis. METHODS This retrospective cohort analysis used claims from Humana to identify newly diagnosed FM patients ≥18 years of age based on ≥2 medical claims for ICD-9 CM code 729.1 and 729.0 between June 1, 2002 and March 1, 2005. Prevalence of comorbidities, as well as utilization and costs of pharmacotherapy and health care services were examined for 12 months preceding (pre-diagnosis) and 36 months following (post-diagnosis) the date of first FM diagnosis. These periods were subdivided into 6-month blocks to better observe patterns of change. RESULTS We identified 2613 FM patients who had a mean age at diagnosis of 58.5 ± 15.3 years and a mean Charlson Comorbidity Index of 0.48 ± 1.05. Of those, 73% were female. The use and costs of pain-related medications rose from pre-diagnosis and remained stable after the 6-month post-diagnosis period, while the use of non-pain-related medications steadily rose from pre-diagnosis to 3 years post-diagnosis. This increase was concomitant with an increase in the presence of conditions that may account for higher resource utilization. The use of recommended FM therapies (i.e., antidepressants and anticonvulsants) increased post-diagnosis but remained less common than other pain-related therapies. Total resource utilization and costs increased during the period up to 6 months after diagnosis. This increase was followed by a decline (7-12 months post-diagnosis), and plateau, with an increase during the final 6 months of the study period. Total mean per patient costs were $3481 for the 6-month post-diagnosis period, and $3588 for the final 6 months. Limitations include potential errors in coding and recording, and an inability of claims analyses to determine causality between resource utilization and the specific diagnosis of interest. CONCLUSIONS An FM diagnosis was associated with increased utilization and pain-related medication cost up to the first 6 months post-diagnosis followed by stabilization over 3 years post-diagnosis. Less use of recommended therapies relative to other therapies suggests that further dissemination of treatment guidelines is needed. An increase in non-pain medications over the observation period accounted for the majority of pharmacy costs. These pharmacy costs may be related to an increasing prevalence of comorbid conditions.
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Hajjeh R, Privor-Dumm L, Edmond K, O’Loughlin R, Shetty S, Griffiths U, Bear A, Cohen A, Chandran A, Schuchat A, Mulholland E, Santosham M. Supporting new vaccine introduction decisions: Lessons learned from the Hib Initiative experience. Vaccine 2010; 28:7123-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Revised: 06/10/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Iyo AH, Feyissa AM, Chandran A, Austin MC, Regunathan S, Karolewicz B. Chronic corticosterone administration down-regulates metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 protein expression in the rat hippocampus. Neuroscience 2010; 169:1567-74. [PMID: 20600666 PMCID: PMC2918667 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Revised: 06/09/2010] [Accepted: 06/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence suggest a dysfunctional glutamate system in major depressive disorder (MDD). Recently, we reported reduced levels of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5) in postmortem brains in MDD, however the neurobiological mechanisms that induce these abnormalities are unclear. In the present study, we examined the effect of chronic corticosterone (CORT) administration on the expression of mGluR5 protein and mRNA in the rat frontal cortex and hippocampus. Rats were injected with CORT (40 mg/kg s.c.) or vehicled once daily for 21 days. The expression of mGluR5 protein and mRNA was assessed by Western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). In addition, mGluR1 protein was measured in the same animals. The results revealed that while there was a significant reduction (-27%, P=0.0006) in mGluR5 protein expression in the hippocampus from CORT treated rats, mRNA levels were unchanged. Also unchanged were mGluR5 mRNA and protein levels in the frontal cortex and mGluR1 protein levels in both brain regions. Our findings provide the first evidence that chronic CORT exposure regulates the expression of mGluR5 and are in line with previous postmortem and imaging studies showing reduced mGluR5 in MDD. Our findings suggest that elevated levels of glucocorticoids may contribute to impairments in glutamate neurotransmission in MDD.
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Hyder AA, Trujillo A, Bishai D, Puvanachandra P, Tran N, Chandran A, Ma S, Stevens K. Evaluating road safety interventions: prerequisites for a multi-country approach. Inj Prev 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/ip.2010.029215.598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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77
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Puvanachandra P, Chandran A, Sarfraz S, Akhtar T, Hyder AA. Using evidence to influence child health policies: a pilot program in Pakistan. Inj Prev 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/ip.2010.029215.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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78
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Chandran A, Prakash K, Senapati S. Self-Assembled Inverted Micelles Stabilize Ionic Liquid Domains in Supercritical CO2. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:12511-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ja1055005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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79
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Chandran A, Prakash K, Senapati S. Structure and dynamics of acetate anion-based ionic liquids from molecular dynamics study. Chem Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2010.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Perrot S, Winkelmann A, Dukes E, Xu X, Schaefer C, Ryan K, Chandran A, Sadosky A, Zlateva G. Characteristics of patients with fibromyalgia in France and Germany. Int J Clin Pract 2010; 64:1100-8. [PMID: 20497264 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2010.02418.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Few studies have comprehensively assessed the burden associated with fibromyalgia (FM). This cross-sectional, observational study evaluates the impact of FM on patients in France and Germany. METHODS A total of 299 FM patients were recruited from 33 physician offices in France and Germany during routine visits. Patients completed a survey that included the Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form (BPI-sf), Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), EuroQol 5D (EQ-5D) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) to describe their pain, FM and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). FM severity was defined using patients' FIQ total scores with 0 to < 39, 39 to < 59 and 59-100, representing mild, moderate and severe FM, respectively. Site staff completed case report forms using patients' medical records. RESULTS Mean (standard deviation, SD) age was 54.2 (12.6); 81% of patients were women. The mean (SD) FIQ total score was 53.3 (19.6); 33% and 44% of patients reported moderate and severe FM, respectively. Most patients (91%) were receiving prescription medications for FM during the study. Patients reported a mean (SD) EQ-5D health state valuation of 0.44 (0.33) and a mean (SD) BPI-sf Pain Severity Index score of 4.9 (1.8). Forty-one percent of patients reported some level of disruption in their employment because of FM; employed patients missed a mean (SD) of 2.2 (4.6) workdays during the past 4 weeks. An increase in FM severity was significantly associated with increased pain severity, productivity loss, sleep disturbance and higher anxiety and depression (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS There is a substantial burden of illness including treatment limitations for FM patients in France and Germany.
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Iyo AH, Kieran N, Chandran A, Albert PR, Wicks I, Bissette G, Austin MC. Differential regulation of the serotonin 1 A transcriptional modulators five prime repressor element under dual repression-1 and nuclear-deformed epidermal autoregulatory factor by chronic stress. Neuroscience 2009; 163:1119-27. [PMID: 19647046 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2009] [Revised: 07/15/2009] [Accepted: 07/23/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic stress is known to affect brain areas involved in learning and emotional responses. These changes, thought to be related to the development of cognitive deficits are evident in major depressive disorder and other stress-related pathophysiologies. The serotonin-related transcription factors (Freud-1/CC2D1A; five prime repressor element under dual repression/coiled-coil C2 domain 1a, and NUDR/Deaf-1; nuclear-deformed epidermal autoregulatory factor) are two important regulators of the 5-HT1A receptor. Using Western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) we examined the expression of mRNA and proteins for Freud-1, NUDR, and the 5-HT1A receptor in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of male rats exposed to chronic restraint stress (CRS; 6 h/day for 21 days). After 21 days of CRS, significant reductions in both Freud-1 mRNA and protein were observed in the PFC (36.8% and 32%, respectively; P<0.001), while the levels of both NUDR protein and mRNA did not change significantly. Consistent with reduced Freud-1 protein, 5-HT1A receptor mRNA levels were equally upregulated in the PFC, while protein levels actually declined, suggesting post-transcriptional receptor downregulation. The data suggest that CRS produces distinct alterations in the serotonin system specifically altering Freud-1 and the 5-HT1A receptor in the PFC of the male rat while having no effect on NUDR. These results point to the importance of understanding the mechanism for the differential regulation of Freud-1 and NUDR in the PFC as a basis for understanding the related effects of chronic stress on the serotonin system (serotonin-related transcription factors) and stress-related disorders like depression.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Chronic Disease
- Corticosterone/blood
- Gene Expression
- Male
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Prefrontal Cortex/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Radioimmunoassay
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A/genetics
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A/metabolism
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/metabolism
- Restraint, Physical
- Stress, Psychological/blood
- Stress, Psychological/genetics
- Stress, Psychological/metabolism
- Transcription Factors
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Chandran A, Pradhan SK, Heinonen-Tanski H. Survival of enteric bacteria and coliphage MS2 in pure human urine. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 107:1651-7. [PMID: 19457041 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04353.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The survival of Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Enterococcus faecalis and coliphage MS2 was studied in stored, fresh and diluted (1 : 1) human urine at 15 and 30 degrees C. METHODS AND RESULTS Survival rate was studied by the plate count method. All the organisms showed rapid inactivation in stored urine, but they survived better in diluted and fresh urine. The high pH level and temperature were the major factors found to influence the survival of the micro-organisms with the survival rate being higher at 15 degrees C than at 30 degrees C. CONCLUSIONS The destruction of all micro-organisms in stored urine required <1 week at 30 degrees C. Thus, the storage of urine is a useful way to reduce the risk of contamination while using urine as a fertilizer. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The urine fertilization is aimed for the developing countries and the high temperatures in these countries may hasten the destruction of micro-organisms in urine. On the contrary, a higher survival rate of these organisms in fresh and diluted urine is a public health concern because the dilution of urine with water is likely to happen during flushing.
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Bavanandan S, Morad Z, Ismail O, Chandran A, Thayaparan T, Singaraveloo M. A comparison of valsartan and perindopril in the treatment of essential hypertension in the malaysian population. THE MEDICAL JOURNAL OF MALAYSIA 2005; 60:158-62. [PMID: 16114156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the tolerability and efficacy of valsartan (DIOVAN) compared to perindopril (COVERSYL) in Malaysian patients with mild to moderate hypertension. Two hundred and fifty adult Malaysian patients with a mean sitting diastolic blood pressure of more than 95 mmHg and less than 115 mmHg after a 14 day washout period were randomized to receive either valsartan 80 mg once daily (n=125) or perindopril 4 mg daily (n=125) for eight weeks. The primary end point for efficacy was the change in mean sitting systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SiSBP and SiDBP). The primary criteria for evaluation of tolerability was the incidence of adverse events. There were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to sex, age, weight, baseline sitting and standing systolic and diastolic blood pressure. At 0, 4 and 8 weeks the mean SiDBP in the valsartan group were 101.4, 92.8 and 91.0 mmHg respectively. The corresponding BP for the perindopril treated group was 102.6, 93.8 and 93.2 mmHg. (95% CI -1.39 to +3.27). There were no significant differences in the mean BP measurements between the valsartan and perindopril group at 0, 4 and 8 weeks. In each group there were significant differences between the BP at 4 and 8 weeks compared to baseline. A similar pattern was seen with SiSBP. At 4 weeks 28.7% of the valsartan and 25% of the perindopril group had their BP normalized (SiDBP <90 mmHg) The percentages of patients who responded (SiDBP reduction >10 mmHg but SiDBP >90 mmHg) were 21.3 in the valsartan group and 20.8 in the perindopril group. At 8 weeks, 31.1% of the valsartan group and 30.8% of the perindopril group had their BP normalized. The response rate was 27% and 22.5% for valsartan and perindopril respectively. The major adverse event was cough which occurred in 18 patients (14.4%) in the perindopril and 1 (0.8%) in the valsartan group at 4 weeks. At 8 weeks the figures were 24 (19.2%) and 2 (1.6%) respectively. The results indicate that Valsartan is safe and efficacious in the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension. It is equally efficacious to Perindopril and not associated with any major adverse event. It has a better tolerability profile with respect to dry cough.
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Gnananayagam EJ, Solomon R, Chandran A, Anbarasi S, Sen S, Moses PD. Long segment Hirschsprung's disease in the Waardenburg-Shah syndrome. Pediatr Surg Int 2003; 19:501-3. [PMID: 12811477 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-002-0944-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2002] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Presentation with signs of bowel obstruction in an infant with Waardenburg syndrome should raise the suspicion of aganglionosis. We report such a case of long segment Hirschsprung's disease associated with Waardenburg syndrome. Long term care of such children is fraught with high morbidity and mortality.
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Ballal M, Prabhu T, Chandran A, Shivananda PG. Cryptosporidium and isospora belli diarrhoea in immunocompromised hosts. Indian J Cancer 1999; 36:38-42. [PMID: 10810553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Cryptosporidium and isospora, two of the intestinal coccidian parasites known to be the causative agents of acute diarrhoea in animals, have now emerged as one of the main causes of prolonged life threatening diarrhoea in immunocompromised patients particularly so in patients with AIDS. Between June 1996 and December 1997, a total of 75 immunocompromised patients presenting with diarrhoea were investigated both for Cryptosporidium and Isospora. The study group consisted of cancer and AIDS patients with history of diarrhoea. Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in 35 patients (46.7%). One of the faecal samples from an AIDS patient with diarrhoea showed the presence of both Cryptosporidium and Isospora oocysts. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second documented report of Isospora associated diarrhoea in an AIDS patient from India. The various techniques used for demonstration of these parasites were modified acid fast staining, Safranine Methylene-blue staining and direct immunofluorescence test.
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Ballal M, Chandran A, Mathew M, Shivananda PG. Shigella and the fluorinated quinolones. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 1998; 41:453-6. [PMID: 9866907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Between July 1996 to June 1997 a total of 531 Stool samples from cases of acute diarrhoea, dysentry, colitis admitted to Kasturba Medical College Hospital, Manipal were investigated. Shigella were isolated from 29 samples (5.46%). Out of them, Shigella flexneri were 16 (55.17%), Shigella boydii 8 (27.58%), Shigella dysentriae 3 (10.34%) and Shigella sonnei 2 (6.89%). Five strains of Shigella flexneri and one strain of Shigella dysentriae were found to show resistance to Nalidixic acid and the newer fluoroquinolones viz., Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin and Ofloxacin. The in vitro 'R' factor transfer study showed that the resistance was not transferable.
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Pidaparti RM, Chandran A, Takano Y, Turner CH. Bone mineral lies mainly outside collagen fibrils: predictions of a composite model for osteonal bone. J Biomech 1996; 29:909-16. [PMID: 8809621 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9290(95)00147-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We propose that the elastic properties of osteonal bone can be modeled accurately as a simple fiber-reinforced composite, provided that accurate properties for the mineral and collagen phases of the ultrastructure are available. Off-axis stiffness coefficients were measured in anterior quadrant of canine femora at 10 degrees increments from longitudinal to transverse direction using an acoustic microscope. The resolution of these measurements was about 60 microns or less than the radius of one osteon. The bone specimens were subsequently demineralized and the off-axis measurements were repeated to determine the elasticity of bone collagen. Bone collagen fibrils were not principally aligned along the long axis of the bone, but demonstrated an alignment that was 30 degrees from the long axis. A simple composite model was developed based on the experimental data. The model that best fit experimental data assumed that (1) bone collagen was aligned 30 degrees from the long axis of the bone, (2) 75% of mineral crystals reside outside of collagen fibrils, and (3) mineral crystals outside of collagen fibrils have their c-axis in the longitudinal direction.
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Abstract
The anisotropic elastic symmetry of osteonal bone reflects the ultrastructural organization of collagen fibrils and mineral crystals within the osteons as well as the lamellar microstructure. Until recently, reported values for bone's anisotropic elastic properties were limited in their interpretation by poor precision and resolution of measurement techniques. Here, we report measurements of bone anisotropy using high precision acoustic microscopy. The elastic properties of canine femoral bone specimens, taken from 23 femora, were measured at 10 degrees increments from the long axis of the bone. Half of the bone specimens subsequently were demineralized in EDTA solution, the other half were decollagenized in sodium hypochlorite solution, and the acoustic measurements were repeated. We found the elastic symmetry of osteonal bone deviates significantly from orthotropic theory supporting the hypothesis that the lamellar microstructure forms a "rotated plywood" (Weiner and Traub, FASEB J 6:879-885; 1992). The principal orientation of bone mineral was along the long axis of the bone, while bone collagen appeared to be aligned at a 30 degrees angle to the long axis. The misalignment between the mineral and the collagen suggests that (1) a substantial percentage of the mineral is extrafibrillar, and (2) the alignment of extrafibrillar mineral is governed by external influences, e.g., mechanical stresses.
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Chandran A. Organo phosphate poisoning: a clinical presentation. THE NURSING JOURNAL OF INDIA 1993; 84:205-8. [PMID: 8284239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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