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Narayanan V, Dickinson A, Victor C, Griffiths C, Humphrey D. Falls screening and assessment tools used in acute mental health settings: a review of policies in England and Wales. Physiotherapy 2015; 102:178-83. [PMID: 26395210 PMCID: PMC4865501 DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2015.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Objectives There is an urgent need to improve the care of older people at risk of falls or who experience falls in mental health settings. The aims of this study were to evaluate the individual falls risk assessment tools adopted by National Health Service (NHS) mental health trusts in England and healthcare boards in Wales, to evaluate the comprehensiveness of these tools and to review their predictive validity. Methods All NHS mental health trusts in England (n = 56) and healthcare boards in Wales (n = 6) were invited to supply their falls policies and other relevant documentation (e.g. local falls audits). In order to check the comprehensiveness of tools listed in policy documents, the risk variables of the tools adopted by the mental health trusts’ policies were compared with the 2004 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) falls prevention guidelines. A comprehensive analytical literature review was undertaken to evaluate the predictive validity of the tools used in these settings. Results Falls policies were obtained from 46 mental health trusts. Thirty-five policies met the study inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. The main falls assessment tools used were the St. Thomas’ Risk Assessment Tool in Falling Elderly Inpatients (STRATIFY), Falls Risk Assessment Scale for the Elderly, Morse Falls Scale (MFS) and Falls Risk Assessment Tool (FRAT). On detailed examination, a number of different versions of the FRAT were evident; validated tools had inconsistent predictive validity and none of them had been validated in mental health settings. Conclusions Falls risk assessment is the most commonly used component of risk prevention strategies, but most policies included unvalidated tools and even well validated tool such as the STRATIFY and the MFS that are reported to have inconsistent predictive accuracy. This raises questions about operational usefulness, as none of these tools have been tested in acute mental health settings. The falls risk assessment tools from only four mental health trusts met all the recommendations of the NICE falls guidelines on multifactorial assessment for prevention of falls. The recent NICE (2013) guidance states that tools predicting risk using numeric scales should no longer be used; however, multifactorial risk assessment and interventions tailored to patient needs is recommended. Trusts will need to update their policies in response to this guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Narayanan
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Headington, Oxford, UK.
| | - A Dickinson
- Centre for Research in Primary and Community Care, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - C Victor
- School of Health Sciences and Social Care, Brunel University, Uxbridge, UK
| | - C Griffiths
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - D Humphrey
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Raglan House, Oxford, UK
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Papp K, Crowley J, Paul C, Gooderham M, Reich K, Hu C, Day R, Griffiths C. THU0413 Apremilast, An Oral Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitor: Improvements in Nail and Scalp Psoriasis and Psoriasis Area and Severity Index in Patients with Moderate to Severe Plaque Psoriasis (Esteem 1 and 2). Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.1113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Joly P, Papp K, Reich K, Leonardi C, Kircik L, Chimenti S, Lacour JP, Hu C, Stevens R, Day R, Griffiths C. Résultats à 52 semaines de l’aprémilast, un inhibiteur oral de la phosphodiestérase 4 dans le psoriasis en plaques modéré à sévère : étude de phase III randomisée et contrôlée ESTEEM 1. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2014.09.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Jolliffe D, Martineau A, Maclaughlin B, Kiplin K, Timms P, Mein C, Walton R, Griffiths C. P48 Prevalence And Determinants Of Vitamin D Deficiency In Asthma Patients. Thorax 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206260.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Martineau A, James W, Hooper R, Barnes N, Jolliffe D, Bhowmik A, Rajakulasingam R, Choudhury A, Simcock D, Corrigan C, Hawrylowicz C, Griffiths C. S104 Double-blind Multi-centre Randomised Controlled Trial Of Vitamin D3 Supplementation In Copd (vidico). Thorax 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206260.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Martineau A, MacLaughlin B, Hooper R, Barnes N, Jolliffe D, Choudhury A, Rajakulasingam R, Bhowmik A, Simcock D, Grigg J, Corrigan C, Hawrylowicz C, Griffiths C. S95 Double-blind Multi-centre Randomised Controlled Trial Of Vitamin D3 Supplementation In Adults With Inhaled Corticosteroid-treated Asthma (vidias). Thorax 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206260.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Jolliffe D, Martineau A, James W, Islam K, Mein C, Timms P, Walton R, Griffiths C. M145 Prevalence And Determinants Of Vitamin D Deficiency In Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Thorax 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206260.440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Griffiths C, Armstrong-James L, White P, Rumsey N, Pleat J, Harcourt D. A systematic review of patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) used in child and adolescent burn research. Burns 2014; 41:212-24. [PMID: 25300756 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2014.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) can identify important information about patient needs and therapeutic progress. The aim of this review was to identify the PROMs that are being used in child and adolescent burn care and to determine the quality of such scales. METHODS Computerised and manual bibliographic searches of Medline, Social Sciences Index, Cinahl, Psychinfo, Psycharticles, AMED, and HAPI, were used to identify English-language articles using English-language PROMs from January 2001 to March 2013. The psychometric quality of the PROMs was assessed. RESULTS 23 studies met the entry criteria and identified 32 different PROMs (31 generic, 1 burns-specific). Overall, the psychometric quality of the PROMs was low; only two generic scales (the Perceived Stigmatisation Questionnaire and the Social Comfort Scale) and only one burns-specific scale (the Children Burn Outcomes Questionnaire for children aged 5-18) had psychometric evidence relevant to this population. CONCLUSIONS The majority of PROMs did not have psychometric evidence for their use with child or adolescent burn patients. To appropriately identify the needs and treatment progress of child and adolescent burn patients, new burns-specific PROMs need to be developed and validated to reflect issues that are of importance to this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Griffiths
- Centre for Appearance Research (CAR), University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom.
| | - L Armstrong-James
- Centre for Appearance Research (CAR), University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom.
| | - P White
- Department of Engineering Design and Mathematics, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom.
| | - N Rumsey
- Centre for Appearance Research (CAR), University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom.
| | - J Pleat
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom.
| | - D Harcourt
- Centre for Appearance Research (CAR), University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom.
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Odeh B, Philips N, Kayyali R, Elnabhani S, Griffiths C, Wigmore B, Robinson P, Wallace C. 4 * ACCEPTABILITY OF TELEHEALTH BY ELDERLY PATIENTS. Age Ageing 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afu036.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Jani M, Massey J, Wedderburn L, Vencovský J, Danko K, Lundberg I, Selva-O'Callaghan A, Radstake T, Platt H, Warren R, Griffiths C, Padyukov L, Lee A, Gregersen P, Ollier W, Cooper R, Chinoy H, Lamb J. OP0235 Genetic Risk Factors in Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies Are Shared with Other Autoimmune Disorders in European Populations. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.2877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Paul C, Puig L, Kragballe K, Luger T, Lambert J, Chimenti S, Girolomoni G, Nicolas J, Rizova E, Lavie F, Mistry S, Bergmans P, Barker J, Reich K, Adamski Z, Altomare G, Aricò M, Aste N, Aubin F, Augustin M, Ayala F, Bachelez H, Baran E, Barker J, Belinchón I, Berbis P, Bernengo M, Bessis D, Beylot‐Barry M, Bordas Orpinell F, Burden D, Bylaite M, Cambazard F, Carazo S, Carrascosa J, Carretero G, Cerio R, Chimenti S, David M, Duval‐Modeste A, Eedy D, Estebaranz L, Filipe P, Flytström I, Fonseca E, Gamanya R, Ghislain P, Giannetti A, Girolomoni G, Gospodinov D, Griffiths C, Grob J, Guillet G, Hernanz Hermosa J, Hoffmann M, Ioannidis D, Jacobi A, Jemec G, Kadurina M, Kaszuba K, Katsambas A, Kemeny L, Kerkhof P, Kragballe K, Kuzmina N, Lambert K, Lázaro P, Lotti T, Luger T, Matz H, Modiano P, Moessner R, Moreno D, Moreno Jímenez J, Mørk N, Mrowietz U, Murphy R, Nicolas J, Nikkels A, Oliveira H, Ormerod A, Ortonne J, Parodi A, Pasternack R, Paul C, Pec J, Peserico A, Philipp S, Piquet L, Plantin P, Puig L, Reich K, Reményik E, Riedl E, Röcken M, Rustin M, Saari S, Saiag P, Salmhofer W, Schadendorf D, Sebastian M, Simaljakova M, Simon J, Spirén A, Stalder J, Stavrianeas N, Sticherling M, Ternowitz T, Thaci D, Thio B, Uhlig D, Valiukeviciene S, Vanaclocha Sebastián F, Wozel G. Transition to ustekinumab in patients with moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis and inadequate response to methotrexate: a randomized clinical trial (
TRANSIT
). Br J Dermatol 2014; 170:425-34. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Paul
- Hôpital Larrey Service de Dermatologie Toulouse cedex 9 31059 France
| | - L. Puig
- Department of Dermatology Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 08025 Barcelona Spain
| | - K. Kragballe
- Department of Dermatology Århus University Hospital Århus Sygehus 8000 Århus Denmark
| | - T. Luger
- Department of Dermatology University of Münster D‐48149 Münster Germany
| | - J. Lambert
- Department of Dermatology Ghent University 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - S. Chimenti
- Policlinico Universitario Tor Vergata Clinica Dermatologica 00133 Rome Italy
| | - G. Girolomoni
- Clinica Dermatologica University of Verona 37126 Verona Italy
| | | | - E. Rizova
- Janssen‐Cilag 1 rue Camille Desmoulins TSA 91003 92787 Issy les Moulineaux, Cedex 9 France
| | - F. Lavie
- Janssen‐Cilag 1 rue Camille Desmoulins TSA 91003 92787 Issy les Moulineaux, Cedex 9 France
| | - S. Mistry
- Janssen 50‐100 Holmers Farm Way High Wycombe Bucks HP12 4EG U.K
| | - P. Bergmans
- Janssen‐Cilag B.V. Postbus 90240 5000 LT Tilburg the Netherlands
| | - J. Barker
- St John's Institute of Dermatology King's College London SE1 9RT U.K
| | - K. Reich
- Dermatologikum Hamburg Stephansplatz 5 20354 Hamburg Germany
- Georg‐August‐University Göttingen Germany
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Griffiths C. Ronald Griffiths. Assoc Med J 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.f6992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Jackson C, Southern J, Whitworth HS, Scott M, Tsou CY, Sridhar S, Nikolayevskyy V, Lipman M, Sitch A, Deeks J, Griffiths C, Drobniewski F, Lalvani A, Abubakar I. S57 Diabetes and latent tuberculosis infection: nested case-control study within the PREDICT cohort. Thorax 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-204457.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Griffiths C, Gately P, Marchant PR, Cooke CB. A five year longitudinal study investigating the prevalence of childhood obesity: comparison of BMI and waist circumference. Public Health 2013; 127:1090-6. [PMID: 24267904 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2013.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of obesity over time in the same individuals comparing body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist to height ratio (WHtR). STUDY DESIGN Five year longitudinal repeated measures study (2005-2010). Children were aged 11-12 (Y7) years at baseline and measurements were repeated at age 13-14 (Y9) years and 15-16 (Y11) years. METHODS WC and BMI measurements were carried out by the same person over the five years and raw values were expressed as standard deviation scores (sBMI and sWC) against the growth reference used for British children. RESULTS Mean sWC measurements were higher than mean sBMI measurements for both sexes and at all assessment occasions and sWC measurements were consistently high in girls compared to boys. Y7 sWC = 0.792 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.675-0.908], Y9 sWC = 0.818 (95%CI 0.709-0.928), Y11 sWC = 0.943 (95%CI 0.827-1.06) for boys; Y7 sWC = 0.843 (0.697-0.989), Y9 sWC = 1.52 (95%CI 1.38-0.67), Y11 sWC = 1.89 (95%CI 1.79-2.04) for girls. Y7 sBMI = 0.445 (95%CI 0.315-0.575), Y9 sBMI = 0.314 (95%CI 0.189-0.438), Y11 sBMI = 0.196 (95%CI 0.054-0.337) for boys; Y7 sBMI = 0.353 (0.227-0.479), Y9 sBMI = 0.343 (95%CI 0.208-0.478), Y11 sBMI = 0.256 (95%CI 0.102-0.409) for girls. The estimated prevalence of obesity defined by BMI decreased in boys (18%, 12% and 10% in Y 7, 9 and 11 respectively) and girls (14%, 15% and 11% in Y 7, 9 and 11). In contrast, the prevalence estimated by WC increased sharply (boys; 13%, 19% and 23%; girls, 20%, 46% and 60%). CONCLUSION Central adiposity, measured by WC is increasing alongside a stabilization in BMI. Children appear to be getting fatter and the additional adiposity is being stored centrally which is not detected by BMI. These substantial increases in WC are a serious concern, especially in girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Griffiths
- Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Metropolitan University, Fairfax Hall, Headingley Campus, Leeds LS6 3QS, UK.
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Capon F, Setta-Kaffetzi N, Berki D, Mahil S, Navarini A, Patel VM, Siew-Eng C, Burden AD, Griffiths C, Seyger M, Trembath R, Smith C, Barker J. OR6-006 – IL36RN alleles in skin auto-inflammation. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2013. [PMCID: PMC3953231 DOI: 10.1186/1546-0096-11-s1-a101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Papp K, Griffiths C, Gordon K, Lebwohl M, Szapary PO, Wasfi Y, Chan D, Shen YK, Ho V, Ghislain PD, Strober B, Reich K. SAT0287 Long-Term Safety Of Ustekinumab: 5 Years of Follow-Up from the Psoriasis Clinical Development Program Including Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-eular.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- C Griffiths
- Carnegie Faculty, Leeds Metropolitan University, Leeds, UK
| | - P Gately
- Leeds Metropolitan University, Leeds, UK
| | | | - C B Cooke
- Carnegie Faculty, Leeds Metropolitan University, Leeds, UK
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Packianather M, Chan F, Griffiths C, Dimov S, Pham D. Optimisation of Micro Injection Moulding Process through Design of Experiments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2013.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kahaleh B, Wang W, Moore T, Murray A, Richards H, Ennis H, Griffiths C, Herrick A, Avouac J, Meune C, Kahan A, Chiocchia G, Allanore Y. SS.1.1 Decrease activity of DNA demethylase in SSC fibroblast and microvascular endothelial cells: a possible mechanism for persistent SSC phenotype. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ker472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Reich K, Langley R, Lebwohl M, Szapary P, Yeilding N, Hsu MC, Griffiths C, Quiniou JB. Mise à jour des données de tolérance cardiovasculaire poolées des études de phase 2 et 3 de l’ustekinumab dans le psoriasis jusqu’à 4 ans de suivi. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2011.10.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Quiniou JB, Griffiths C, Gordon K, Szapary P, Li S, Fakharzadeh S, Yielding N, Papp K. Reprise du traitement par ustekinumab après interruption : résultats des essais cliniques de phase 3 PHOENIX 1 et ACCEPT chez les patients atteints de psoriasis modéré à sévère. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2011.10.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Taylor S, Bremner S, Choudhury A, Cook V, Devine A, Eldridge S, Feder G, Foster G, Islam K, Sohanpal R, Spencer A, Griffiths C, Barnes N. OEDIPUS: A cluster randomised trial of education for South Asians with asthma, and their primary and secondary care physicians, to reduce unscheduled care. J Epidemiol Community Health 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2011.143586.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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73
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Henderson WJ, Chandler JA, Blundell G, Griffiths C, Davies J. The application of analytical electron microscopy to the study of diseased biological tissue. J Microsc 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2818.1973.tb04671.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Griffiths C, Johnson AM, Fenton KA, Erens B, Hart GJ, Wellings K, Mercer CH. Attitudes and first heterosexual experiences among Indians and Pakistanis in Britain: evidence from a national probability survey. Int J STD AIDS 2011; 22:131-9. [PMID: 21464449 DOI: 10.1258/ijsa.2009.009496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We compare attitudes, experiences of learning about sex and first intercourse among Indians (n = 393) and Pakistanis (n = 365) using a probability survey of Britain's general population aged 16-44 years conducted during 1999-2001 (n = 12,110). Higher proportions of Pakistanis (64.6%) and Indians (28.1%) reported religion as 'very important' versus 6.2% of other ethnicities. Pakistanis were more conservative in their attitudes, e.g. reporting premarital sex as wrong (adjusted odds ratios [AORs] for sociodemographic differences, 4.71 [men] and 6.59 [women]). Pakistanis were more likely to be married at first sex (AORs 6.2 [men] and 9.53 [women]), yet men were more likely than women to be in non-marital relationships at this time (69.4% versus 25.2%). Pakistani men and women and Indian women were more likely to report not using reliable contraception at first sex relative to others (AORs 2.33, 3.16 and 1.90, respectively). Pakistani and Indian women were more likely than others to report school lessons as their main source of sex education (AORs 2.23 and 1.77) and not discussing sex with their parents during adolescence (AORs 2.04 and 2.62). These unique data have implications for ensuring that sex and relationship education and health promotion messages are appropriately planned, targeted and delivered to benefit Pakistanis and Indians.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Griffiths
- Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, London, UK.
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Griffiths C, O'Regan G, McIlduff C. P167 To assess the need for a nurse led heart failure/cardiac rehabilitation clinic for patients with confirmed left ventricular systolic function following an acute ST elevation myocardial infarction. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1474-5151(11)60108-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Griffiths C, O'Regan G, Mcilduff C. P167 Poster To assess the need for a nurse led heart failure/cardiac rehabilitation clinic for patients with confirmed left ventricular systolic function following an acute ST elevation myocardial infarction. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1474-51511160108-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Griffiths
- Heart of England NHS Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - G. O'Regan
- Heart of England NHS Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - C. Mcilduff
- Heart of England NHS Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Fenn J, Martineau A, Yee JW, Islam K, Griffiths C, Maffulli N, Morrissey D. An evaluation of the relationship between vitamin d status and quadriceps strength in patients with copd: a cross sectional study. Br J Sports Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2010.081554.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Akporobaro A, Patel D, Chinyanganya N, Butawan R, Hackshaw A, Seale C, Spiro S, Griffiths C. P212 Screening for lung cancer: a qualitative study of the acceptability of screening and participation in the lung-SEARCH trial. Thorax 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/thx.2010.151068.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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79
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Griffiths C, Prost A, Hart GJ. 072 Understanding social and cultural influences on the relationships and sexual experiences of young British Pakistanis in London: is there unmet sexual health need? Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2010.120956.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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80
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Pathirana D, Ormerod AD, Saiag P, Smith C, Spuls PI, Nast A, Barker J, Bos JD, Burmester GR, Chimenti S, Dubertret L, Eberlein B, Erdmann R, Ferguson J, Girolomoni G, Gisondi P, Giunta A, Griffiths C, Hönigsmann H, Hussain M, Jobling R, Karvonen SL, Kemeny L, Kopp I, Leonardi C, Maccarone M, Menter A, Mrowietz U, Naldi L, Nijsten T, Ortonne JP, Orzechowski HD, Rantanen T, Reich K, Reytan N, Richards H, Thio HB, van de Kerkhof P, Rzany B. European S3-Guidelines on the systemic treatment of psoriasis vulgaris. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2009; 23 Suppl 2:1-70. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2009.03389.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 467] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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81
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Pathirana D, Ormerod AD, Saiag P, Smith C, Spuls PI, Nast A, Barker J, Bos JD, Burmester GR, Chimenti S, Dubertret L, Eberlein B, Erdmann R, Ferguson J, Girolomoni G, Gisondi P, Giunta A, Griffiths C, Hönigsmann H, Hussain M, Jobling R, Karvonen SL, Kemeny L, Kopp I, Leonardi C, Maccarone M, Menter A, Mrowietz U, Naldi L, Nijsten T, Ortonne JP, Orzechowski HD, Rantanen T, Reich K, Reytan N, Richards H, Thio HB, van de Kerkhof P, Rzany B. European S3-guidelines on the systemic treatment of psoriasis vulgaris. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2009. [PMID: 19712190 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2009.03389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Of the 131 studies on monotherapy or combination therapy assessed, 56 studies on the different forms of phototherapy fulfilled the criteria for inclusion in the guidelines. Approximately three-quarters of all patients treated with phototherapy attained at least a PASI 75 response after 4 to 6 weeks, and clearance was frequently achieved (levels of evidence 2 and 3). Phototherapy represents a safe and very effective treatment option for moderate to severe forms of psoriasis vulgaris. The onset of clinical effects occurs within 2 weeks. Of the unwanted side effects, UV erythema from overexposure is by far the most common and is observed frequently. With repeated or long-term use, the consequences of high, cumulative UV doses (such as premature aging of the skin) must be taken into consideration. In addition, carcinogenic risk is associated with oral PUVA and is probable for local PUVA and UVB. The practicability of the therapy is limited by spatial, financial, human, and time constraints on the part of the physician, as well as by the amount of time required by the patient. From the perspective of the cost-bearing institution, phototherapy has a good cost-benefit ratio. However, the potentially significant costs for, and time required of, the patient must be considered.
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82
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Bobb C, Ritz T, Rowlands G, Griffiths C. Effects of allergen and trigger factor avoidance advice in primary care on asthma control: a randomized-controlled trial. Clin Exp Allergy 2009; 40:143-52. [PMID: 19793085 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2009.03350.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergy contributes significantly to asthma exacerbation, yet avoidance of triggers, in particular allergens, is rarely addressed in detail in regular asthma review in primary care. OBJECTIVE To determine whether structured, individually tailored allergen and trigger avoidance advice, given as part of a primary care asthma review, improves lung function and asthma control. METHODS In a randomized-controlled trial 214 adults with asthma in six general practices were either offered usual care during a primary care asthma review or usual care with additional allergen and trigger identification (by skin prick testing and structured allergy assessment) and avoidance advice according to a standardized protocol by trained practice nurses. Main outcome measures were lung function, asthma control, asthma self-efficacy. RESULTS Both intervention groups were equivalent in demographic and asthma-related variables at baseline. At 3-6-month follow-up, patients receiving the allergen and trigger avoidance review showed significant improvements in lung function (assessed by blinded research nurses) compared with those receiving usual care. Significantly more patients in the intervention group than in the control group showed improvements in forced expiratory volume in 1 s > or =15%. No significant differences were found in self-report measures of asthma control. Asthma-specific self-efficacy improved in both groups but did not differ between groups. CONCLUSIONS Allergen and trigger identification and avoidance advice, given as part of a structured asthma review delivered in primary care by nurses results in clinically important improvements in lung function but not self-report of asthma control. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN45684820.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bobb
- Starnet Community Health Sciences, St Georges Hospital Medical School, London, UK
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83
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84
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Sauder D, Miller R, Gratton D, Danby W, Griffiths C, Phillips S. The treatment of rosacea: the safety and efficacy of sodium sulfacetamide 10% and sulfur 5% lotion (Novacet) is demonstrated in a double-blind study. J DERMATOL TREAT 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/09546639709160276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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85
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Griffiths C, Gerressu M, French RS, team TOSSE. Are one-stop shops acceptable? Community perspectives on one-stop shop models of sexual health service provision in the UK. Sex Transm Infect 2008; 84:395-9. [DOI: 10.1136/sti.2008.030833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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86
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Navarro A, Sohrabi S, Colechin E, Griffiths C, Talbot D, Soomro N. Evaluation of the Ischemic Protection Efficacy of a Laparoscopic Renal Cooling Device Using Renal Transplantation Viability Assessment Criteria in a Porcine Model. J Urol 2008; 179:1184-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2007.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A.P. Navarro
- Liver and Renal Transplant Unit, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - S. Sohrabi
- Department of Medical Physics, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - E. Colechin
- Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - C. Griffiths
- Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - D. Talbot
- Liver and Renal Transplant Unit, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - N.A. Soomro
- Liver and Renal Transplant Unit, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
- Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
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87
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Morgan O, Griffiths C, Majeed A. Antidepressant prescribing and changes in antidepressant poisoning mortality and suicide in England, 1993-2004. J Public Health (Oxf) 2008; 30:60-8. [DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdm085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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88
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Alcock C, Griffiths C, Healy G, Hunt S, Woodhill R, Turner J. 8127 POSTER Opportunities for improving cancer training and education for nurses using the web based Cancer Specialist Library. EJC Suppl 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(07)71629-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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89
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Wild SH, Fischbacher C, Brock A, Griffiths C, Bhopal R. Mortality from all causes and circulatory disease by country of birth in England and Wales 2001-2003. J Public Health (Oxf) 2007; 29:191-8. [PMID: 17456532 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdm010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differences in mortality by country of birth in England and Wales in people under 70 years of age have been demonstrated previously. Changes in age distribution of migrants and in migration patterns have occurred subsequently. METHODS All-cause and circulatory disease mortality for people aged 20 years and over in England and Wales by country of birth were examined using population data from the 2001 Census and mortality data for 2001-2003. Indirect standardization was used to estimate sex-specific standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) in comparison to mortality for England and Wales as a whole. RESULTS SMRs for all-cause mortality were statistically significantly higher than the national average for people born in Ireland, Scotland, East Africa and West Africa and lower for people born in China and Hong Kong. SMRs for circulatory disease were highest among people born in Bangladesh and lowest among people born in China and Hong Kong. Patterns of ischaemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease mortality differed by country of birth. CONCLUSIONS Mortality, particularly due to ischaemic heart disease and stroke, differs markedly by country of birth in all age groups including the > or =70-year-old group.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Wild
- Public Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place EH8 9AG, UK.
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90
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Griffiths C, Miles K, Aldam D, Cornforth D, Minton J, Edwards S, Williams I. A nurse- and pharmacist-led treatment advice clinic for patients attending an HIV outpatient clinic. J Adv Nurs 2007; 58:320-6. [PMID: 17442036 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04248.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM This paper is a report of a study to map care pathways, examine the approach of different treatment advisors and explore the acceptability of a nurse- and pharmacist-led treatment advice clinic in order to aid decision-making for the future development and evaluation of the clinic. BACKGROUND High levels of adherence to antiretroviral drugs are a prerequisite for a successful and durable virological and immunological response to HIV. Treatment guidelines acknowledge that adherence is a process, not a single event, and that adherence support must be integrated into clinical follow-up for all patients receiving these drugs. METHOD Data were collected between September 2004 and January 2005 through 17 consultation observations and 10 patient interviews in a specialist treatment advice clinic located within a central London HIV outpatient clinic providing care for over 2200 patients, of whom more than 1300 are taking highly active antiretroviral therapy. FINDINGS The nurses and pharmacist had similar consultation approaches, although follow-up care varied in extent. Benefits of the clinic approach included permitting patients to observe real tablets, tailoring regimens to lifestyles and telephone follow-up. These factors, particularly telephone support, were perceived by patients to assist with adherence. CONCLUSION The role of telephone support, perceived to assist with initial adherence, requires further investigation. Future work is also needed to explore the health economics of this approach and to determine the actual impact of the clinic on clinical and adherence outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Griffiths
- Centre for Sexual Health and HIV Research, Department of Primary Care and Population Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, UK.
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91
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Morgan OW, Johnson H, Rooney C, Seagroatt V, Griffiths C. Changes to the daily pattern of methadone-related deaths in England and Wales, 1993–2003. J Public Health (Oxf) 2006; 28:318-23. [PMID: 17060353 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdl059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that fatal poisoning deaths involving methadone occur more frequently on the weekends. We assessed changes in the daily pattern of mortality because of methadone poisoning following a review of drug misuse services in 1996 and publication of revised clinical guidelines in 1999. We also compared this to the daily pattern of deaths involving heroin/morphine. The Office for National Statistics provided data on all deaths in England and Wales between 1993 and 2003 for which methadone and heroin/morphine were mentioned on the coroner's certificate of death registration after inquest, with or without alcohol or other drugs. There were 3098 deaths involving methadone. The death rate increased up to 1997 and then declined. Initially, there was a marked excess of deaths occurring on Saturdays. The rate of decline was greatest for deaths occurring on Saturdays. As a result, the Saturday peak disappeared (P = 0.006). There were 6328 deaths involving heroin/morphine. No change in the daily pattern of heroin/morphine deaths was observed during the study period. Although the marked change in the epidemiology of methadone deaths coincided with recommendations for service redevelopment and clinical management of methadone treatment, the contribution of improved prescribing practice or treatment services is unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- O W Morgan
- Department of Primary Care and Social Medicine, Imperial College London, London W6 8RP, UK.
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92
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Gregory SG, Barlow KF, McLay KE, Kaul R, Swarbreck D, Dunham A, Scott CE, Howe KL, Woodfine K, Spencer CCA, Jones MC, Gillson C, Searle S, Zhou Y, Kokocinski F, McDonald L, Evans R, Phillips K, Atkinson A, Cooper R, Jones C, Hall RE, Andrews TD, Lloyd C, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Anderson F, Andrew RW, Ashwell RIS, Aubin K, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Banerjee R, Beasley H, Bethel G, Bird CP, Bray-Allen S, Brown JY, Brown AJ, Bryant SP, Buckley D, Burford DC, Burrill WDH, Burton J, Bye J, Carder C, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee C, Clegg SM, Cobley V, Collier RE, Corby N, Coville GJ, Davies J, Deadman R, Dhami P, Dovey O, Dunn M, Earthrowl M, Ellington AG, Errington H, Faulkner LM, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Gay L, Ghori MRJ, Gibson R, Gilby LM, Gillett W, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Gribble SM, Griffiths C, Griffiths-Jones S, Grocock R, Hammond S, Harrison ESI, Hart E, Haugen E, Heath PD, Holmes S, Holt K, Howden PJ, Hunt AR, Hunt SE, Hunter G, Isherwood J, James R, Johnson C, Johnson D, Joy A, Kay M, Kershaw JK, Kibukawa M, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights AJ, Lad H, Laird G, Langford CF, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Lloyd DM, Loveland J, Lovell J, Lush MJ, Lyne R, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, Matthews NSW, McLaren S, Milne S, Mistry S, oore MJFM, Nickerson T, O'Dell CN, Oliver K, Palmeiri A, Palmer SA, Pandian RD, Parker A, Patel D, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Pelan S, Phelps K, Phillimore BJ, Plumb R, Porter KM, Prigmore E, Rajan J, Raymond C, Rouse G, Saenphimmachak C, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Shownkeen R, Sims S, Skuce CD, Smith M, Steward C, Subramanian S, Sycamore N, Tracey A, Tromans A, Van Helmond Z, Wall J. M. Wallis M, White S, Whitehead SL, Wilkinson JE, Willey DL, Williams H, Wilming L, Wray PW, Wu Z, Coulson A, Vaudin M, Sulston JE, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Wooster R, Dunham I, Carter NP, McVean G, Ross MT, Harrow J, Olson MV, Beck S, Rogers J, Bentley DR. Erratum: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. Nature 2006. [DOI: 10.1038/nature05152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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93
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Griffiths C, Miles K, Penny N, George B, Stephenson J, Power R, Twist P, Brough G, Edwards SG. A formative evaluation of the potential role of nurse practitioners in a central London HIV outpatient clinic. AIDS Care 2006; 18:22-6. [PMID: 16282072 DOI: 10.1080/09540120500101807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In-house audit demonstrated that 49% (173/352) of patients attending routine HIV outpatient care are asymptomatic and have needs that could potentially be met by other health care professionals. We therefore evaluated the potential development and acceptability of nurse practitioner roles in contributing to HIV outpatient care. Data were collected through 26 consultation observations, 25 patient interviews, 2 patient focus groups, 22 provider interviews and 8 provider focus groups. Service users were key members of the evaluation team. With increasing HIV incidence and the change in focus of doctor-patient consultations from acute to chronic disease management, there are concerns about the sustainability of easily available routine HIV outpatient appointments using the same model of care that has prevailed over the past 20 years. Nurse practitioner models of care were considered acceptable for asymptomatic patients, including those who do not have complex issues related to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Key considerations for the role include training, supervision, referral pathways, and a clear understanding of the limitations of nursing practice. There is an emphasis on the need to consider 'new ways of working' throughout the service, rather than merely substituting or transferring clinical roles between professionals. Funding pending, nurse practitioner roles are planned for implementation in late 2004. Evaluation will determine impact on service utilization, health and economic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Griffiths
- Department of Primary Care and Population Science, Royal Free & University College Medical School, London, UK.
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94
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Wild SH, Fischbacher CM, Brock A, Griffiths C, Bhopal R. Erratum: Mortality from all cancers and lung, colorectal, breast and prostate cancer by country of birth in England and Wales, 2001–2003. Br J Cancer 2006. [PMCID: PMC2360656 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
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95
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Harding CK, Robson W, Drinnan MJ, Ramsden PD, Griffiths C, Pickard RS. Variation in invasive and noninvasive measurements of isovolumetric bladder pressure and categorization of obstruction according to bladder volume. J Urol 2006; 176:172-6. [PMID: 16753395 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(06)00497-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2005] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We developed a noninvasive test that provides an estimate of isovolumetric bladder pressure by measuring the pressure required to interrupt voiding using controlled inflation of a penile cuff. We noted variation in serial measurements obtained during a single void and, therefore, we determined whether this represents variation in detrusor contraction strength, as predicted in previous studies, or measurement error. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 36 symptomatic men underwent simultaneous invasive and noninvasive pressure flow studies. Corresponding values of isovolumetric bladder pressure and cuff interruption pressure were recorded at each flow interruption and grouped according to bladder volume to calculate measurement error and bias at various points during a void. Individual variation in the 2 measurements across a range of normalized bladder volumes was then examined using ANOVA. RESULTS Cuff interruption pressure showed a consistent level of accuracy as an estimate of isovolumetric bladder pressure across a range of volumes. There were similar, statistically significant differences in isovolumetric bladder pressure and cuff interruption pressure recorded at specific volume increments with the highest values seen in the mid range and the lowest seen at lower bladder volumes (each p <0.01). When plotting, the maximum recorded value of cuff interruption pressure in each individual on our proposed noninvasive pressure flow nomogram provided the best diagnostic accuracy for obstruction. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that cuff interruption pressure varies in the expected manner with bladder volume and provides a consistent estimate of isovolumetric bladder pressure throughout a void. These data provide important guidance for interpreting noninvasive pressure flow studies and classifying obstruction on the proposed nomogram.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Harding
- Department of Urology and Regional Medical Physics Department, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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96
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Brewin P, Jones A, Kelly M, McDonald M, Beasley E, Sturdy P, Bothamley G, Griffiths C. Is screening for tuberculosis acceptable to immigrants? A qualitative study. J Public Health (Oxf) 2006; 28:253-60. [PMID: 16820434 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdl031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Screening of immigrants has been a widespread response to the global resurgence of tuberculosis but has been criticized as discriminatory and stigmatising. Acceptability is an essential but neglected ethical prerequisite of screening programmes, particularly those targeting vulnerable groups such as refugees. No data exist concerning acceptability of tuberculosis screening. We therefore examined the responses of immigrants to screening for tuberculosis in a range of settings. METHODS We carried out a qualitative interview study of a maximum diversity sample of 53 immigrants offered screening for tuberculosis in east London. We recruited people screened in three settings: a social service centre for asylum seekers, a hospital clinic for new entrants and primary care. We confirmed validity of our findings at a focus group of asylum seekers. RESULTS The opportunity to be screened for tuberculosis was valued highly by recipients. Moreover, many saw being screened as a socially responsible activity. Of the minority raising concerns, few mentioned the possibility of discrimination. Acceptability was high irrespective of setting, with respondents expressing preference for their chosen place of screening. CONCLUSION Screening for tuberculosis was highly acceptable to recipients in these settings. Screening should be offered in a range of settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Brewin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Homerton University Hospital, Homerton Row, London E9 6SR, UK
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97
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Gregory SG, Barlow KF, McLay KE, Kaul R, Swarbreck D, Dunham A, Scott CE, Howe KL, Woodfine K, Spencer CCA, Jones MC, Gillson C, Searle S, Zhou Y, Kokocinski F, McDonald L, Evans R, Phillips K, Atkinson A, Cooper R, Jones C, Hall RE, Andrews TD, Lloyd C, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Anderson F, Andrew RW, Ashwell RIS, Aubin K, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Beasley H, Bethel G, Bird CP, Bray-Allen S, Brown JY, Brown AJ, Buckley D, Burton J, Bye J, Carder C, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee C, Cobley V, Collier RE, Corby N, Coville GJ, Davies J, Deadman R, Dunn M, Earthrowl M, Ellington AG, Errington H, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Gay L, Ghori MRJ, Gibson R, Gilby LM, Gillett W, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Griffiths C, Griffiths-Jones S, Grocock R, Hammond S, Harrison ESI, Hart E, Haugen E, Heath PD, Holmes S, Holt K, Howden PJ, Hunt AR, Hunt SE, Hunter G, Isherwood J, James R, Johnson C, Johnson D, Joy A, Kay M, Kershaw JK, Kibukawa M, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights AJ, Lad H, Laird G, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Lloyd DM, Loveland J, Lovell J, Lush MJ, Lyne R, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, Matthews NSW, McLaren S, Milne S, Mistry S, Moore MJF, Nickerson T, O'Dell CN, Oliver K, Palmeiri A, Palmer SA, Parker A, Patel D, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Pelan S, Phelps K, Phillimore BJ, Plumb R, Rajan J, Raymond C, Rouse G, Saenphimmachak C, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Shownkeen R, Sims S, Skuce CD, Smith M, Steward C, Subramanian S, Sycamore N, Tracey A, Tromans A, Van Helmond Z, Wall M, Wallis JM, White S, Whitehead SL, Wilkinson JE, Willey DL, Williams H, Wilming L, Wray PW, Wu Z, Coulson A, Vaudin M, Sulston JE, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Wooster R, Dunham I, Carter NP, McVean G, Ross MT, Harrow J, Olson MV, Beck S, Rogers J, Bentley DR, Banerjee R, Bryant SP, Burford DC, Burrill WDH, Clegg SM, Dhami P, Dovey O, Faulkner LM, Gribble SM, Langford CF, Pandian RD, Porter KM, Prigmore E. The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. Nature 2006; 441:315-21. [PMID: 16710414 DOI: 10.1038/nature04727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2005] [Accepted: 03/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The reference sequence for each human chromosome provides the framework for understanding genome function, variation and evolution. Here we report the finished sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. Chromosome 1 is gene-dense, with 3,141 genes and 991 pseudogenes, and many coding sequences overlap. Rearrangements and mutations of chromosome 1 are prevalent in cancer and many other diseases. Patterns of sequence variation reveal signals of recent selection in specific genes that may contribute to human fitness, and also in regions where no function is evident. Fine-scale recombination occurs in hotspots of varying intensity along the sequence, and is enriched near genes. These and other studies of human biology and disease encoded within chromosome 1 are made possible with the highly accurate annotated sequence, as part of the completed set of chromosome sequences that comprise the reference human genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Gregory
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK.
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Wild SH, Fischbacher CM, Brock A, Griffiths C, Bhopal R. Mortality from all cancers and lung, colorectal, breast and prostate cancer by country of birth in England and Wales, 2001-2003. Br J Cancer 2006; 94:1079-85. [PMID: 16523198 PMCID: PMC2361230 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2005] [Revised: 02/01/2006] [Accepted: 02/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Mortality from all cancers combined and major cancers among men and women aged 20 years and over was compared by country of birth with that of the whole of England and Wales as the reference group. Population data from the 2001 Census and mortality data for 2001-2003 were used to estimate standardised mortality ratios. Data on approximately 399 000 cancer deaths were available, with at least 400 cancer deaths in each of the smaller populations. Statistically significant differences from the reference group included: higher mortality from all cancers combined, lung and colorectal cancer among people born in Scotland and Ireland, lower mortality for all cancers combined, lung, breast and prostate cancer among people born in Bangladesh (except for lung cancer in men), India, Pakistan or China/Hong Kong, lower lung cancer mortality among people born in West Africa or the West Indies, higher breast cancer mortality among women born in West Africa and higher prostate cancer mortality among men born in West Africa or the West Indies. These data may be relevant to causal hypotheses and in relation to health care and cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Wild
- Public Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, Scotland.
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Abstract
Prescription of atypical antipsychotics has increased in recent years. There have also been changes in the guidance on using older drugs, particularly the restriction in the use of thioridazine. We analysed deaths due to poisoning involving antipsychotics in England and Wales, 1993-2002, by age, sex, intent, and agents involved. We also studied antipsychotic prescribing in the community and poisoning deaths in England. Deaths attributed to adverse reactions in the course of normal treatment were not studied because these deaths are not classified as 'poisonings'. The number of deaths involving antipsychotics increased from around 55 per year 1993-1998 to 74 in 2000, and then fell to 53 in 2002. Around 25% of deaths had a verdict of accidental death and in about 60% of deaths a verdict of suicide or an open verdict was recorded. There were no deaths involving thioridazine in 2002, following its removal from use in 2001. However, the number of deaths associated with atypicals, most notably olanzapine and clozapine, has increased. Age-specific death rates were highest in those aged 30-39 and 40-49 years, and were very low in those aged under 20 and 70 or over. Death rates in males were greater than in females. For many drugs the proportion mentions either alone or with ethanol, was 25-45%, but for clozapine and olanzapine such mentions totalled 65-69%. Deaths per million prescriptions (clozapine excluded) were highest for quetiapine (31.3 per million), chlorpromazine (29.4 per million) and thioridazine (15.5 per million).
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Affiliation(s)
- C Griffiths
- Office for National Statistics (ONS), Health and Care Division, Room B6/08, 1 Drummond Gate, London SW1V 2QQ, UK
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