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Abstract
Impulsivity can be defined as choosing a smaller, immediate reward over a larger, delayed reward. From this perspective, addictive behaviors such as substance abuse and pathological gambling reflect a series of impulsive choices. However, impulsivity is not a homogeneous construct. Laboratory measures of impulsivity reflect two types of processes. The first is related to behavioral inhibition and refers to an individual's ability to appropriately inhibit thoughts or actions. The second is the delay of reward dimension, namely the degree to which immediate (rewarding) consequences have more control over an individual's behavior than consequences that are delayed. In this review, we describe how alcohol is associated with significant impairments in these paradigms. We also suggest that they may have a role in the development of alcohol dependence. These results are in agreement with a model in which delay of gratification might be a marker for early use and/or abuse of alcohol, whereas impairment in behavioral inhibition might be a marker for maintained use in time and, therefore, for progression towards alcohol dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aragues
- Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
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Rubio G, López-Muñoz F, Ponce G, Pascual JM, Martínez-Gras I, Ferre F, Jiménez-Arriero MÁ, Alamo C. Zonisamide versus diazepam in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Pharmacopsychiatry 2010; 43:257-62. [PMID: 20927698 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1263168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anticonvulsant drugs have been used in the treatment of alcohol detoxification. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of zonisamide in a sample of patients presenting alcohol withdrawal syndrome. METHOD In this 3-week, randomized, flexible-dose trial, 40 inpatients with alcohol dependence disorder received zonisamide or diazepam for detoxification. Zonisamide was started at a dose of 400-600 mg/day (week 1), tapering to a minimum dose of 100-300 mg/day (week 3). Diazepam was administered using a similar regimen (from 130-50 mg/day tapering to 5-15 mg/day). Subjects were treated initially (weeks 1 and 2) in an inpatient unit and for the final week in an outpatient facility. During the inpatient period, the Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol (CIWA-Ar) was used to assess the efficacy of each substance. During the outpatient period the Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol (CIWA-Ar), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and a craving scale were used. RESULTS All subjects completed the study. During the inpatient period both drugs reduced alcohol withdrawal symptoms, but the decrease was more marked in the zonisamide group. At the end of the study (week 3) participants treated with zonisamide showed lower CIWA-Ar scores than subjects receiving diazepam. Also, individuals in the zonisamide group had less craving for alcohol, less anxiety, and less daytime sedation compared with participants treated with diazepam. CONCLUSION Zonisamide can be a valuable alternative to benzodiazepines in the prevention of alcohol withdrawal syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Rubio
- Department of Psychiatry, Doce de Octubre University Hospital, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain. grubio.hdoc@ salud.madrid.org
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Castillo O, Foneron A, Gómez R, Vidal-Mora I, Rubio G, Campos R. UP-2.12: Laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy: initial experience in 10 cases. Urology 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2010.07.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Guillen A, Herrera L, Rubio G, Pomares H, Lendasse A, Rojas I. New method for instance or prototype selection using mutual information in time series prediction. Neurocomputing 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2009.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Domine M, Gonzalez-Larriba JL, Lopez-Vilariño J, Alfonso R, Leon A, Puente J, Casado-Echarren V, Rodriguez L, Rubio G, Lobo F. Weekly topotecan-gemcitabine for pretreated small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients (pts): A phase II study. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.e18070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Guillén A, del Moral FG, Herrera LJ, Rubio G, Rojas I, Valenzuela O, Pomares H. Using near-infrared spectroscopy in the classification of white and iberian pork with neural networks. Neural Comput Appl 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00521-009-0327-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Marin M, Riaza M, Quintana A, Lopez J, Sánchez L, Codesal R, Rubio G. P03-219 - New agents for the benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome. Eur Psychiatry 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(10)71273-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Marin M, Martinez I, Ponce G, López J, Rubio G. PW01-235 - Impairments on the startle reflex and the prepulse inhibition in abstinent alcoholic males. Eur Psychiatry 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(10)71642-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Aragues M, Rubio G, Martínez-Gras I, Ponce G, Rodriguez-Jimenez R, Bagney A, Jimenez-Arriero M, Palomo T. PW01-216 - The impulsivity changes associated to alcohol and cocaine use. Eur Psychiatry 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(10)71623-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Rubio G, Bobes J, Cervera G, Terán A, Perez M, López-Gómez V, Rejas J. PW01-241 - The effect of pregabalin on subjective sleep problems during withdrawal from long-term benzodiazepine use. Eur Psychiatry 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(10)71648-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Marin M, Martinez I, Ponce G, Koeneke A, Lopez J, Rubio G, Jimenez-Arriero M. PW01-236 - Impulsivity and startle habituation as vulnerability markers for alcoholism. Eur Psychiatry 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(10)71643-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Trallero G, Avellon A, Otero A, De Miguel T, Pérez C, Rabella N, Rubio G, Echevarria JE, Cabrerizo M. Enteroviruses in Spain over the decade 1998-2007: virological and epidemiological studies. J Clin Virol 2009; 47:170-6. [PMID: 20007023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2009.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2009] [Revised: 10/08/2009] [Accepted: 11/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human enteroviruses (HEV) are the commonest cause of viral meningitis as well as other pathologies, therefore HEV characterization is important both in patient management and epidemiological investigation. OBJECTIVES A 10-year study of patients with enteroviral infection was carried out in Spain to determine the underlying etiology. STUDY DESIGN HEV were fully typed by microneutralisation tests and/or molecular methods. RESULTS A collection of 86404 clinical samples were studied in several Spanish laboratories. These were collected from patients with different syndromes, mainly aseptic meningitis (AM), fever, respiratory diseases and acute flaccid paralysis. Of these, 6867 HEV were obtained. At the National Poliovirus Laboratory 2814 were serotypically characterised. Among non-polio enteroviruses, the eight main serotypes were Echovirus 30 (25%), Echovirus 6 (12.4%), Echovirus 13 (8.3%), Echovirus 11 (7.4%) and Echovirus 9 (4.7%), followed by Coxsackievirus B5 (4.2%) and Echovirus 7 and Coxsackievirus A9 (3.7%) each. In AM cases, Echovirus 30 was identified in 39% of them, followed by Echovirus 6 (14%). However, Echovirus 6 was mainly associated with respiratory disease (17%), followed by Echovirus 11 (10%). On the other hand, Echovirus 30, Echovirus 11 and Echovirus 6 contributed equally with 12% of each serotype in the cases of fever. CONCLUSIONS The present report complements previous data (Trallero et al.(13)), with the results of HEV incidence in Spain from 1998 to 2007. The surveillance described in this study provided valuable information as to which serotypes are in circulation, the emergence of new HEV and association with clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Trallero
- National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
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Rodríguez-Jiménez R, Ávila C, García-Navarro C, Bagney A, Martínez de Aragón A, Ventura-Campos N, Martínez-Gras I, Forn C, Ponce G, Rubio G, Jiménez-Arriero M, Palomo T. Overlapping and Differential Cortical Activation During a Verbal N-Back Task According To Sensory Modality. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)72203-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Urquiza JM, Rojas I, Pomares H, Florido JP, Rubio G, Herrera LJ, Calvo JC, Ortega J. Method for Prediction of Protein-Protein Interactions in Yeast Using Genomics/Proteomics Information and Feature Selection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-02478-8_107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Díaz-Mesa E, Bobes T, Al-Halabí S, Flórez G, Terán A, Guardia J, Carreño E, Rubio G, Ochoa E, Pereiro C, Sáiz P, García-Portilla P. Differences Observed by ASI-6 among users of Alcohol, Cocaine and Opiates. Eur Psychiatry 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70646-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim:To identify the differences in the ASI-6 scores according to main substance of consumption among patients with drug use disorder who were included at the study of adaptation-validation of the Addiction Severity Index 6th version (ASI-6) into Spanish.Method:Multicentre, observational, longitudinal, prospective study. 186 substance dependent/abuser individuals were included. Assessments were made with the Spanish ASI-6.Results:Main substance of consumption: 57% alcohol, 19.9% cocaine and 19.4% opiates. Men were 77.4% vs. 81.1% vs. 83.3% (p n.s.), mean ages were 47.12 (SD 10.18) vs. 32.62 (SD 8.20) vs. 36.47 (SD 8.04) years (p< 0.001), and 25.5% vs. 64.9% vs. 55.6% were single (p< 0.001). The greatest severity was found in the Alcohol area in the case of alcohol users (56.86) and in the Family/Social Partner Problems area in the case of cocaine and the opiate users (50.43 and 51.22). Alcohol users had statistically significant greater severity than the other two groups in the Alcohol area (56.86 vs. 49.38 vs. 45.17, p< 0.001) and tended to have lower severity in the Legal area than cocaine users (46.78 vs. 48.43, p 0.079).Conclusions:Cocaine users were the youngest and used to be single. The ASI-6 only differentiated in the severity of the Alcohol area. Further studies including a higher proportion of cocaine and opiate users are needed.
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Díaz-Mesa E, Bobes T, Al-Halabí S, Flórez G, Terán A, Guardia J, Carreño E, Rubio G, Ochoa E, Pereiro C, Sáiz P, García-Portilla P. Physical Health of Patients with Drug use Disorders. Eur Psychiatry 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70647-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim:To describe the physical health profile of patients with drug use disorders who were included in the study of adaptation-validation of the Addiction Severity Index 6th version (ASI-6) into Spanish.Method:Multicentre, observational, longitudinal, prospective study. A total of 194 substance dependent/abuser individuals were included. Assessments were made with the Spanish ASI-6.Results:Men were 79.9%, mean ages were 41.08 (SD 11.64), 42.3% were single and 87.6% were acute patients. The severity score in the Physical Health area was 44.32 (SD 9.51). The most prevalent diseases were: 25.3% hepatitis, 11.9% had high blood pressure, 8.2% cirrhosis or hepatic disease, 6.7% epilepsy or convulsions and 5.7% tuberculoses. No statistically significant differences were found according to gender. Acute patients had statistically significant higher proportion of pregnant woman (2.3% vs. 0% p< 0.05) and lower proportion of diabetes (3.5% vs. 12.5% p= 0.05).Conclusions:Patients with drug use disorders have a mild-moderate severity of physical health. Physical health is not influenced by gender, but it is by the clinical state.
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Domenech A, Diaz C, Figueroa A, Rubio G, Fredes G, Falcon C, Krebs A, Zambrano M, Prieto J, Coz L. SCHU-07: Is Routine Prostate Biopsy a Reliable Predictor of Laterality and Pathological Features in Early Stage Low-Risk Prostate Cancer? Urology 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2008.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Rubio G, Castillo O, Diaz C, Hidalgo F, Vidal I. SCHU-32: Pathologic Features of Solid Renal Tumors Measuring Less Than 4 cm. Urology 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2008.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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69
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García-García P, López-Muñoz F, Rubio G, Martín-Agueda B, Alamo C. Phytotherapy and psychiatry: bibliometric study of the scientific literature from the last 20 years. Phytomedicine 2008; 15:566-576. [PMID: 18583120 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2008.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2008] [Revised: 04/15/2008] [Accepted: 04/30/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In diverse areas of therapy, including psychiatry, increasing interest in herbal medicine has been shown in recent years. Plants have a wide range of traditional uses, but only a few have been approved therapeutically. Moreover, to our knowledge, no bibliometric analyses on medicinal plants used in psychiatry have been carried out to date. We performed a bibliometric study on scientific publication related to phytotherapy in the psychiatry area during the period 1986-2006. Using the platform Embase.com, including the EMBASE and MEDLINE databases, we selected those documents including the descriptors plant*, herb*, phytotherapy*, phytomedicine*, pharmacognosy*, and psychiatry* (with all diagnostic criteria). The plants' indications were selected according to the PDR for Herbal Medicines. As a bibliometric indicator of the production, Price's Law was applied. Another indicator included was the national participation index (PI) for overall scientific production. A total of 21,409 original documents were obtained. Our data confirm a fulfillment of Price's Law related to scientific production on medicinal plants in Psychiatry. This was observed after we made a linear fit (y=135.08x-466.38; r=0.92) and another fit to an exponential curve (y=132.26e(0.1497x); r=0.99). The plants most widely mentioned in the psychiatric literature were St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.; n=937) and ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.; n=694). The countries with the highest percentages of documents were the United States (29.44%), Germany (9.41%) and Japan (8.75%), and those with highest proportional PI were India (IPa=0.935) and China (IPa=0.721). Productivity on medicinal plants in the psychiatry area increased during the period 1986-2006. Nevertheless, documents about therapeutic herbs in this medical field are still relatively few in number.
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Affiliation(s)
- P García-García
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alcalá, C/ Juan Ignacio Luca de Tena 8, 28027 Madrid, Spain
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Rubio G, Jiménez-Arriero M, Jiménez M, Ponce G. Modulation of impulsivity by topiramate: Implications for the treatment of alcohol dependence. Eur Psychiatry 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2008.01.1094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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García-García P, López-Muñoz F, Rubio G, Alamo C. Phytotherapy and psychiatry: A bibliometric study during the period 1986-2006. Eur Psychiatry 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2008.01.1359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Jiménez-Giménez M, Koeneke A, Borrell J, Rubio G. Psychophysiological correlation between alcohol craving scale (ACS-3F) and startle reflex modulation. Eur Psychiatry 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2008.01.1095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Rubio G, Jiménez-Giménez M, Martinez-Grass I, Rodriguez R, Ponce G, Ferre F, Jiménez-Arriero M, C. Ávila. The role of behavioural measures of impulsivity in the development of alcohol dependence. Eur Psychiatry 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2008.01.1097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Rodriguez-Jimenez R, Aragües M, Jimenez-Arriero MA, Ponce G, Martinez I, Hoenicka J, Rubio G, Palomo T. Psychopathology and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test performance in male schizophrenic patients: influence of dual diagnosis. Psychopathology 2008; 41:58-64. [PMID: 17975329 DOI: 10.1159/000110627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2006] [Accepted: 01/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different neuropsychological studies have shown schizophrenic patients to have executive function deficits, as illustrated by their performance in neuropsychological tasks such as the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST); certain studies have described a relationship between these deficits and negative symptoms. Schizophrenic patients also exhibit a high lifetime prevalence (40-50%) of comorbid substance use disorders (SUDs). However, little attention has been paid to this comorbidity (dual diagnosis) in studies associating executive functions and negative symptoms. SAMPLING AND METHODS Our objective is to investigate the relationship between performance in the WCST and psychopathology as measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) in a sample of 65 male schizophrenic patients with a history of SUDs (Sch SUD+) and in a sample of 48 male schizophrenic patients without such history (Sch SUD-). RESULTS In the Sch SUD- group, patients who completed 4 or more categories in the WCST ('good performers') obtained a mean score of 21.2 +/- 8.8 on the negative subscale of the PANSS, compared with a mean score of 27.8 +/- 8.6 in those who completed 3 or less ('poor performers'); these differences were statistically significant (p = 0.015). In the Sch SUD+ group, however, no association was found between WCST performance and the PANSS negative subscale score. CONCLUSIONS The presence of a history of comorbid SUDs should be taken into consideration in studies investigating executive functions and negative symptoms in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rodriguez-Jimenez
- Psychiatry Service, Dual Diagnosis Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
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López-Muñoz F, García-García P, Sáiz-Ruiz J, Mezzich JE, Rubio G, Vieta E, Alamo C. A bibliometric study of the use of the classification and diagnostic systems in psychiatry over the last 25 years. Psychopathology 2008; 41:214-25. [PMID: 18408417 DOI: 10.1159/000125555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2007] [Accepted: 08/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our purpose was to examine the use of classification and diagnostic systems in the field of psychiatry (CDSP) from a bibliometric perspective, over the period 1980-2005. METHODS We selected (in EMBASE and MEDLINE databases) documents that contained, in any of their sections, the descriptors 'psychiatr*', 'DSM*', 'ICD*', or 'diagnostic criteria',as well as other more specific descriptors. As a bibliometric indicator of production we applied Price's law. We also calculated the national participation index (PI) and correlated it with overall PI in biomedical and health sciences, and with PI in the discipline of psychiatry. RESULTS We obtained 20,564 original documents; 15,743 referred to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and 3,106 to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). Our results indicate non-fulfilment of Price's law, since scientific production on CDSP does not undergo exponential growth (correlation coefficient r = 0.9651, vs. r = 0.9927 after linear adjustment). Of the 10 journals with the highest impact factor in the field of psychiatry, the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry has the highest PI in the DSM subgroup (PI = 14.77), and the British Journal of Psychiatry in the ICD subgroup (PI = 1.54). The principal producer country is the United States (PI = 37.9), though in proportion to its production in the psychiatric field the ranking is headed by Finland. Only 10 countries, of the 20 major producers in health sciences, surpass their own PI in the field of psychiatry (Brazil, Italy, Japan, Austria, Spain, Germany, France, India, Switzerland, and China). CONCLUSIONS Over recent years, the use of CDSP (basically the DSM or ICD) in the scientific literature has increased. Nevertheless, the abstracts to these studies, included in the principal databases, should always specify the diagnostic criteria employed, with a view to increasing information levels and reliability for the reader.
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Affiliation(s)
- F López-Muñoz
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Madrid,
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Martí S, Ten J, Marcos P, Artacho M, Galán F, Bernabeu R, Rubio G. Quantifying soluble HLA-G in supernatants of cultured embryos as a marker of implantation potential in an assisted reproduction program. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0213-9626(07)70082-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Estévez LG, Sánchez-Rovira P, Dómine M, León A, Calvo I, Jaén A, Casado V, Rubio G, Díaz M, Miró C, Lobo F, Carrasco E, Casillas M, San Antonio B. Biweekly docetaxel and gemcitabine as neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by adjuvant doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide therapy in stage II and III breast cancer patients: results of a phase II study. Clin Transl Oncol 2007; 9:317-22. [PMID: 17525042 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-007-0059-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this phase II study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant docetaxel/gemcitabine treatment in a biweekly regimen. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with stage II/III breast cancer were treated with docetaxel (65 mg/m(2)) followed by gemcitabine (2500 mg/m(2)) every 2 weeks for 6 cycles. Patients with a clinical response or stable disease underwent mastectomy or breast-conserving surgery plus axillary dissection. After surgery, patients received 4 cycles of standard doxorubicin 60 mg/m(2) and cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m(2) every 21 days. RESULTS Thirty-five patients were included in the trial. The overall response rate was 71.4% (95% CI: 53.7-85.4), with 8 complete and 17 partial responses. Breast conservation was possible in 59% of the patients. Toxicity was manageable. CONCLUSIONS We consider biweekly docetaxel and gemcitabine could be an active and tolerable regimen option in the neoadjuvant setting sequentially with standard adjuvant doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide in patients with stage II or III breast cancer.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is insufficient knowledge of the long-term course of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). We studied the course of this disorder in patients who were followed up for 40 years. METHOD Patients admitted with the diagnosis of anxiety states ('anxious thymopathy' ) to the Lopez Ibor Neuropsychiatric Research Institute between 1950 and 1961 were examined between 1984 and 1988 (n = 65). The retrospective diagnosis of GAD was made according to DSM-III-R criteria during 1984-1988 (first examination). A re-examination was performed by the same psychiatrist in the period 1997-2001 (n = 59; second examination). RESULTS At first and second examinations 20% and 17% of subjects were diagnosed as GAD. Improvement was observed in 83%. GAD tended to disappear around age 50, but was replaced by somatization disorders. Lack of regular treatment compliance, female sex, and onset of GAD before age 25 were variables associated with a worse outcome. Undifferentiated somatization disorder was the most prevalent clinical status at follow-up. CONCLUSION After several decades, participants improve with regard to GAD, although most continue to present somatizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Rubio
- Retiro Mental Health Centre; and Psychiatry Department, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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80
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López-Muñoz F, Alamo C, Rubio G, García-García P, Pardo A. Reboxetine combination in treatment-resistant depression to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Pharmacopsychiatry 2007; 40:14-9. [PMID: 17327955 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-958523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Treatment-resistant depression is a relatively common clinical occurrence: between 60-70% of depressive patients fail to achieve total remission to the initial treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI). METHODS In this prospective 12-week open-label study, we evaluated the effectiveness of the addition of reboxetine to 141 outpatients diagnosed with major depressive disorder, according to DSM-IV-TR criteria, who were partial responders or non-responders over a period of 6 weeks, to previous treatment in monotherapy with SSRI. Evaluation of antidepressant efficacy was carried out through the application of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and the Clinical Global Impressions-Global Improvement Scale (CGI-I). Data were analyzed on an intent-to-treat basis, using the last-observation-carried-forward method. RESULTS Mean score on the HDRS at baseline was 26.24+/-7.21, falling to 13.96+/-8.00 in week 12 (mean decrease of 46.79%; p<0.0001) The percentages of responders (HDRS total score > or =50%) and patients considered as benefiting from complete remission (HDRS score < or =10) at 12 weeks were 50.4% and 34.5%, respectively. By the end of the treatment, a mean decrease in CGI-I score of 1.88 points was obtained (41.14% of reduction; p<0.0001), and 77% of the patients were evaluated as improved (CGI-I score <4). Nervousness was the adverse effect most frequently reported (5.21%), followed by dryness of mouth (4.38%), and insomnia (3.56%). CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that the combination strategy with reboxetine appears to be a potentially useful tool in cases of SSRI-resistant depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- F López-Muñoz
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain.
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81
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Martínez-Gras I, Hoecnika J, Pérez-Hernández E, Rodríguez-Jiménez R, Ponce G, Jiménez-Arriero M, Ramos-Atance J, Palomo T, Rubio G. [Endocannabinoid system and CNR1 gene polymorphisms in schizophrenia and addictive disorders]. Actas Esp Psiquiatr 2007; 35:122-9. [PMID: 17401783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Substance abuse is the most prevalent comorbid psychiatric condition associated with schizophrenia. Cannabis is a drug frequently used for schizophrenic patients. In the last decades the endocannabinoid system and their endogenous ligands have been discovered. Endogenous cannabinoids act in the brain on cannabinoid CB1 receptor. On the other hand this system may be involved in several brain functions through neuromodulation dopaminergic and other neurotransmitter system involved in schizophrenic and substance abuse disorders. Advances of genetic research have addressed the focus on the search of candidate genes for both disorders. In this review we have summarized the studies published about the CNR1 gene on schizophrenia and substance abuse disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Martínez-Gras
- Servicio de Salud Mental de Retiro, Doctor Castelo 60, 28007 Madrid.
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82
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Martín-Agueda B, López-Muñoz F, Silva A, García-García P, Rubio G, Alamo C. [Differences in management of depression in Spain from psychiatric and primary care physician point of view]. Actas Esp Psiquiatr 2007; 35:89-98. [PMID: 17401779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Given that depression is the most prevalent psychiatric disorder in our society, the current situation in pharmacotherapy of depression in Spain has been studied from the point of view of psychiatrists and general practitioners (GP). METHOD A total of 339 interviews were carried out with two groups of physician (238 primary care physicians and 101 psychiatrists) from different Spanish cities. Distribution, application and questionnaires collection were made throughout 2002. RESULTS The diagnostic instruments most commonly used by more than 90 % of both medical groups to detect a depressive disorder in a consultation are the evaluation of symptoms and the interview with the patient. However the main diagnostic problem was "masking" of depression with other symptoms/disorders. Most GP (95 %) and psychiatrists (99 %) establish a pharmacological treatment in all their depressive patients. Both groups coincide in most community use of SSRI as drugs of first choice (93% from both samples). The pharmacological agents most used by the psychiatrist are the serotonin selective reputake inhibitors (SSRI) (98.3 %), followed by venlafaxine (84.4 %), anxiolytics (68.4 %), mirtazapine (58.9 %) and reboxetine (55.8 %). In the case of GP, the most commonly used pharmacological groups are SSRI (98.3 %) and anxiolytics (73.4 %). In primary care, the SSRI are considered the most effective antidepressant group. However, the tricyclic antidepressives (TCA) would be the most effective for the psychiatrists. CONCLUSIONS For psychiatrists and GP, the quality of care of depression in Spain is rated positively. However, there is a group of deficiencies and some aspects that need to be clearly improved, such as the time of consultations, coordination between GP and psychiatrists, waiting lists and available resources for mental health units.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Martín-Agueda
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, Jesús Aprendiz 10C, 28007 Madrid
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83
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Rodriguez-Jimenez R, Ponce G, Jimenez-Arriero M, Bagney A, Martinez I, Aragues M, Rubio G, Palomo T, Group P. Influence of childhood adhd history on personality traits of pathological gamblers. Eur Psychiatry 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.01.654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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84
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Garcia-Garcia P, Lopez-Munoz F, Rubio G, Alamo C. Bibliometric analysis about the diagnostic criteria used in psychiatry (1980-2005). Eur Psychiatry 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.01.1066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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85
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Rubio G, Jimenez-Arriero M. Antagonists in the treatment of alcoholism: An update. Eur Psychiatry 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.01.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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86
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Rubio G, Jiménez-Giménez M, Iribarren M, Martinez I, Rodriguez R, Jiménez-Arriero M, Ponce G. Varieties of impulsivity in males with alcohol dependence: The role of cluster-B personality disorder. Eur Psychiatry 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.01.658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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87
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Rodriguez-Jimenez R, Jimenez-Arriero M, Bagney A, Koeneke A, Martinez I, Aragues M, Rubio G, Ponce G. Neuropsychology and alcoholism: Influence of childhood ADHD history. Eur Psychiatry 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.01.655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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88
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Hoenicka J, Aragüés M, Rodríguez-Jiménez R, Ponce G, Martínez I, Rubio G, Jiménez-Arriero MA, Palomo T. C957T DRD2 polymorphism is associated with schizophrenia in Spanish patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2006; 114:435-8. [PMID: 17087792 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00874.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective was to confirm whether a homozygous genotype for the C957 allele of the C957T DRD2 gene single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is associated with schizophrenia in an independent study population. METHOD We examined the genotypic distribution of this SNP in a set of clinically ascertained schizophrenic patients (n = 131) and age-matched control subjects (n = 364). Individuals were genotyped using automated analysis of fluorescently labeled PCR products. RESULTS The distribution of grouped genotypes for the C957T DRD2 SNP (CC vs. CT, TT) showed that C homozygote genotype was over-represented in our patient sample when compared with control subjects. This difference reaches the statistical significance (chi(2) = 7.0; df = 1; P = 0.008; OR = 2.05; % CI 1.2-3.4). CONCLUSION The findings of this study provide additional evidence that genetic variation at the DRD2 gene plays an important role in the vulnerability to schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hoenicka
- Psychiatry Service, Dual Diagnosis Unit, '12 de Octubre' University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
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89
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Rodriguez-Jimenez R, Avila C, Jimenez-Arriero MA, Ponce G, Monasor R, Jimenez M, Aragües M, Hoenicka J, Rubio G, Palomo T. Impulsivity and Sustained Attention in Pathological Gamblers: Influence of Childhood ADHD History. J Gambl Stud 2006; 22:451-61. [PMID: 16912931 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-006-9028-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Pathological gambling (PG) has been associated to both impulsiveness and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in different studies. Our objective was to compare different impulsivity and sustained attention variables, using both behavioural tasks and self-administered questionnaires, in a group of pathological gamblers with a history of childhood ADHD (PG-ADHD; n = 16), a group of pathological gamblers without this history (PG-non-ADHD; n = 39), and a control group (n = 40). As instruments of measure, we used the stop signal task (to evaluate inhibitory control/impulsivity), the differential reinforcement of Low Rate Responding Task (delay of gratification/impulsivity) and the Continuous Performance Test (sustained attention). The Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11) was used as a self-administered questionnaire to measure impulsiveness. Our results show that patients in the PG-ADHD group exhibit a significantly lower capacity to delay gratification than those in the PG-non-ADHD and control groups, and less inhibitory control than patients in the PG-non-ADHD group. On self-administered questionnaires such as the BIS-11 the PG-ADHD group obtained higher scores than the PG-non-ADHD and control groups. However, no differences were found with respect to sustained attention using the CPT. Our results suggest a possible selective implication of the prefrontal cortex in PG, which would be especially evident in those with a childhood history of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rodriguez-Jimenez
- Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Servicio de Psiquiatría, Unidad de Patología Dual y Conductas Adictivas, Avda Córdoba s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain.
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90
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Chacon J, López L, Quintanar T, Rubio G, Blanca M, Andrade J, Carbonero I, G Esteban C, Cruz MA. Every-other week capecitabine (C7) combinations: An active and well tolerated treatment in heavily pretreated patients (p) with advanced solid tumours. J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.10649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
10649 Background: Standard C schedule is 14 days every 3 w (C14). However, data have shown that C7 schedule is as effective as and significantly less toxic than C14. The objective is to evaluate retrospectively the response rate and toxicity of C7 as single agent or in combination in heavily pretreated p with advanced solid tumours. Methods: p with advanced solid tumour, age ≤ 75 years, ECOG PS <2 and adequate bone marrow, renal and hepatic functions were analyzed. p received C7: 1250 mg/m2/12 h x 7 days every-other week. The combination drugs doses were adjusted to be used days 1 and 15. Cycles every 28 days. Response was evaluated every 3 cycles according to RECIST criteria Results: 20 p received C7. Cancer type: 11 breast (BC), 7 colo-rectal (CRC), 1 H&N and 1 gastric (GC). Median age 56 y (33–75). M/F: 8p/12p. ECOG 0/1: 39%/61%. 19 p stage IV and 1 (H&N) stage III. The most frequent metastatic site was liver 42.2%. 90% p had been heavily pretreated with chemotherapy (CT): 55% p had received ≥ 2 CT lines. 15% p had been treated with taxanes, 45% p taxanes + anthracyclines, 10% p 5-FU, 15% p oxaliplatin (Oxa) and/or raltritexed. 2 BC p had also received herceptin (Her) and 2 p (1BC/1CRC) had been previously treated with C14. Median nº cycles: 6 (1–19). C7 combinations were: 5/7 CRC p Oxa or CPT-11 and 11/11 BC p docetaxel (1p) or gemcitabine (1 p) or carboplatin (9 p) ± Her. 4 p received C7 alone. Toxicity (20 p). Grade I/II: HFS 55%, diarrhoea 25%, nausea/vomiting 15%, mucositis 5%, skin 5% and parestesias 5%. Grade III/IV: diarrhoea in 2 p (1CRC and 1 BC). Response (20 p): 2 CR (10%) both CRC p; 6 PR (30%) 5 BC p and 1 CRC p; 4 SD (20%) and 8 PD (40%). 40% ORR rate and 60% TGC. Median response duration: 37 w (22–44 w). 2 p who achieved CR received C7 combined with CPT-11. C7 combination in p with PR were Oxa (1 CRC p) and carboplatin ± Her (5 BC p). Conclusions: C7 schedule is an active regimen in patients with advanced CRC and BC heavily pretreated with CT and it shows a very favourable toxicity profile. These results warrant a phase II trial of carboplatin-C7 in MBC as front line therapy that will by lauched by Feb-2006. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Chacon
- Hospital Virgen de la Salud, Toledo, Spain
| | - L. López
- Hospital Virgen de la Salud, Toledo, Spain
| | | | - G. Rubio
- Hospital Virgen de la Salud, Toledo, Spain
| | - M. Blanca
- Hospital Virgen de la Salud, Toledo, Spain
| | - J. Andrade
- Hospital Virgen de la Salud, Toledo, Spain
| | | | | | - M. A. Cruz
- Hospital Virgen de la Salud, Toledo, Spain
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91
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Jiménez-Arriero M, Ponce G, Rodríguez-Jiménez R, Aragués M, Galvan A, Rubio G, Hoenicka J, Palomo T. TaqI-A polymorphism linked to the DRD2 gene and P300 in alcoholic patients. Eur J Psychiat 2006. [DOI: 10.4321/s0213-61632006000100005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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92
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García-Ureña MA, Vega V, Rubio G, Velasco MA. The femoral nerve in the repair of inguinal hernia: well worth remembering. Hernia 2005; 9:384-7. [PMID: 15999220 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-005-0327-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2004] [Accepted: 02/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Injury to the nerves after inguinal hernia surgery is uncommon. The femoral nerve may be damaged by suture or staples, tissue scar entrapment, local anesthesia blockade or direct compression. We present a case of a transient lesion of the femoral nerve after mesh hernioplasty for a re-recurrent inguinal hernia, confirmed by radiological studies, electrophysiology and clinical recovery. The diagnosis, mechanism of injury and surgical approach are reviewed. Surgery to a recurrent hernia may be underestimated. The role of electromyography nerve conducting studies is emphasized insisting on the importance of clinical evolution for the successful management of these infrequent injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A García-Ureña
- Department of Surgery, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz, Spain.
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93
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Ponce G, Rodríguez-Jiménez R, Ortiz H, Rubio G, Jiménez-Arriero MA, Palomo T. [Oxcarbazepine in the prevention of epileptic syndromes in alcohol detoxification]. Rev Neurol 2005; 40:577-80. [PMID: 15926128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alcohol withdrawal syndrome may be accompanied by severe complications, such as epileptic syndromes or delirium tremens. A number of pharmacological strategies, especially benzodiazepines (BZD), have been used in their treatment and prevention, although problems can arise from the use of these drugs due to their addictive properties. The classical anticonvulsive drugs are rarely employed as an alternative because of their side effects, but the latest generation of substances could be especially useful. AIMS. The aim of this study was to examine the safety of oxcarbazepine (OXC) in the prevention of epileptic seizures and complications deriving from the withdrawal syndrome in alcohol detoxification treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study involved a comparison of two groups of patients with a syndrome of physical dependence on alcohol, 42 of whom were treated with OXC and the remaining 42 received BZD as part of a programmed detoxification therapy. RESULTS Both OXC and BZD were equally efficient in preventing the appearance of epileptic complications and in reducing withdrawal symptoms. Overall, OXC produced fewer adverse events (p < 0.001) and offered fewer problems when it came to ending administration (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS OXC can be a valuable alternative to BZD and other pharmacological treatments in the prevention of complications in detoxification therapy, especially because of the absence of addictive properties and its having a better safety profile than classical anticonvulsant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ponce
- Addictive Behaviors Unit, Psychiatric Service, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Ctra. de Andalucia, E-28041 Madrid, Spain.
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94
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Rubio G, Ponce G, Rodriguez-Jiménez R, Jiménez-Arriero MA, Hoenicka J, Palomo T. CLINICAL PREDICTORS OF RESPONSE TO NALTREXONE IN ALCOHOLIC PATIENTS: WHO BENEFITS MOST FROM TREATMENT WITH NALTREXONE? Alcohol Alcohol 2005; 40:227-33. [PMID: 15797885 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agh151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To determine the clinically ascertained variables that are related to satisfactory response to naltrexone (NTX) treatment of alcohol dependence after detoxification. METHODS The use of intake and outcome variables were measured in a randomized 3-month open-controlled trial comparing the effects of naltrexone plus psychotherapy treatment versus psychotherapy treatment alone on the maintenance of abstinence in the final 28 days (n = 336, all male). RESULTS Predictors of a positive response to NTX treatment were family history of alcoholism (P = 0.010), early age at onset of drinking problems (P = 0.014) and comorbid use of other drugs of abuse (P < 0.001). Among the subjects not treated with NTX, the greater the number of predictor variables, the lower the final 28 days abstinence rates (P = 0.00003), but this was not the case in patients treated with NTX (P = 0.844). CONCLUSIONS Patients with these features, suggesting biological vulnerability overall have poorer outcomes, but this can be reduced with NTX treatment. The type of alcoholism should be considered before deciding on the pharmacological strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Rubio
- Alcoholism Research Program, Servicios de Salud Mental, Retiro, Madrid, Spain.
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95
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Ponce G, Sánchez-García J, Rubio G, Rodríguez-Jiménez R, Jiménez-Arriero MA, Palomo T. [Efficacy of naltrexone in the treatment of alcohol dependence disorder in women]. Actas Esp Psiquiatr 2005; 33:13-8. [PMID: 15704026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Alcoholism is a major public health problem. Although its prevalence is higher in men, the clinical and social repercussions of alcoholism in women are also of great concern, as they have differential characteristics in different vulnerability, and thus therapeutic implications. In recent years, we have seen an increase of the percentages of women with problems related to alcohol consumption in Spain. Several pharmacological treatments as the antagonist of the opioid receptors naltrexone have demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of dehabituation of alcoholism in males, however, there are no studies in the female population. This report is the first randomized study about the efficacy of naltrexone in the treatment of dehabituation in women with alcohol dependence disorder. METHODS In a 12 week, single-blind, randomized trial, we studied 100 women with alcohol dependence disorder (DSM-IV), evaluating the efficacy of adding naltrexone as adjunctive treatment to the dehabituation treatment. RESULTS The naltrexone group showed a lower rate of alcohol relapse during the follow-up period (76 % vs. 46%; chi2=8.239; p=0.004), and significantly lower dropout rates (16% vs. 38 %; chi2=5.074; p=0.024). We also found a lower number of days of intoxication (2.88 vs. 14.64; t=2.732; p=0.011). CONCLUSIONS Naltrexone shows efficacy as adjunctive treatment to maintain abstinence in women with alcohol dependence disorder. Further studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of this treatment and to find specific predictors of good outcome in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ponce
- Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Doce de Octubre, Madrid
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Rubio G, Ponce G, Jiménez-Arriero MA, Palomo T, Manzanares J, Ferre F. Effects of topiramate in the treatment of alcohol dependence. Pharmacopsychiatry 2004; 37:37-40. [PMID: 14750047 DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-815473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anticonvulsant drugs have been used in the treatment of alcohol addiction with relatively good results. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate tolerance and safety of topiramate in patients presenting alcohol dependence. METHODS We studied 24 patients that fulfilled alcohol-dependence criteria (DSM-IV) and presented other psychiatric disorders for which the use of topiramate was indicated. During the 12 weeks of the study, the patients received topiramate (262 mg/day) plus the psychoactive drugs they were taking for the other disorders. Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) values and measures of craving and alcohol use were taken every 2 weeks. RESULTS Baseline rating of amount and frequency of craving and alcohol use decreased significantly by week 2, and CDT values decreased from week 6. Topiramate was well tolerated, and there were only three dropouts due to adverse events. CONCLUSION Topiramate is safe and well tolerated, and may be beneficial in the treatment of alcohol dependence. A placebo-controlled study would be of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Rubio
- Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain.
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97
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Casado-Echarren VM, Abarrategui C, Alvarez R, Rubio G, León A, Dómine M, Calvo I, Estévez LG, López-Farré A, Lobo F. Effects of 5-fluorouracil on endothelial nitric oxide synthase in endothelial cells in different states of confluence. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.3149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - G. Rubio
- Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - A. León
- Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Dómine
- Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - I. Calvo
- Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - F. Lobo
- Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
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98
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Ponce G, Hoenicka J, Rodríguez-Jiménez R, Gozalo A, Jimenéz M, Monasor R, Aragüés M, Rubio G, Jiménez-Arriero MA, Ramos JA, Palomo T. IDRD2 TaqIA polymorphism is associated with urinary homovanillic acid levels in a sample of Spanish male alcoholic patients. Neurotox Res 2004; 6:373-7. [PMID: 15545020 DOI: 10.1007/bf03033311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The TaqIA1 allele of the dopamine receptor gene D2 (DRD2) has been associated with alcoholism, as well as with other addictive behaviours. The exact nature of how the presence of this allele can be a vulnerability factor in the development of alcoholism remains unclear. In this study we found that the presence in the DRD2 genotype of the TaqIA1 allele in Spanish alcoholics is associated with higher levels of urine homovanillic acid (HVA) when compared to patients homozygous for the TaqIA2 allele. A sample of 142 Spanish male alcoholic patients was split into 2 groups on the basis of the presence or absence of the A1 allele in their genotype. The urine sample was analyzed by high performance liquid cromatography (HPLC), and the concentration of homovanillic acid (HVA), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and vanilylmandelic acid (VMA) was determined. We found a statistical difference in the concentration of HVA between the groups, that suggests this polymorphism could be related to the variance of urine HVA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ponce
- Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Avda. de Córdoba s/n. 28041 Madrid, Spain
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Ponce G, Jimenez-Arriero MA, Rubio G, Hoenicka J, Ampuero I, Ramos JA, Palomo T. The A1 allele of the DRD2 gene (TaqI A polymorphisms) is associated with antisocial personality in a sample of alcohol-dependent patients. Eur Psychiatry 2003; 18:356-60. [PMID: 14643564 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2003.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Presence of A1 allele of the DRD2 gene has been associated with a predisposition for alcoholism although there are limited data about its phenotypic expression in alcoholism. OBJECTIVES To determine the importance of the A1 allele in clinical variables of alcohol dependence. METHODOLOGY A sample of 103 alcohol-dependent males was studied. All patients were recruited consecutively from the general hospital and community settings. The diagnostics were made with the structured clinical interview for DSM-III-R (SCID); and the International Personality Disorder Examination (IPDE). Diagnosis of family alcoholism was made by direct interview or with the Research Diagnostic Criteria-Family History (RDC-FH). The Addiction Severity Index (ASI) and the Severity of Alcohol Dependence Scale (SADS) were used to assess alcohol dependence severity. Genotyping was done by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) methods. RESULTS Approximately 39% of the sample carried the A1 allele (A1+ group). This group had higher prevalences of antisocial personality disorder (60% vs. 15.9%); and alcoholism family history (72.5% vs. 52.4%). Also A1+ had early onset alcohol abuse and more drinking problems. The presence of A1+ was the main factor to explain the diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder, but the weight of this factor was not sufficient to explain the complications assessed by the ASI. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the existence of an association between the A1 allele and factors resulting from dopaminergic deficiency, otherwise denominated reward deficiency syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ponce
- Unidad de conductas adictivas, Servicio de Psiquiatría, Edificio de Medicina Comunitaria, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Avda de Córdoba s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain
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Rubio G, San L, López-Munoz F, García-García P, Alamo C. [Combination therapy with reboxetine for major depression patients who are partial or nonresponders to serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors]. Actas Esp Psiquiatr 2003; 31:315-24. [PMID: 14639507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent studies have confirmed the usefulness of the therapeutical combination of two antidepressants from different pharmacological families in patients with single drug therapy resistant depression. METHODS In this prospective 6 weeks open-labeled study, efficacy of combination strategy was evaluated. This included the addition of reboxetine to 34 outpatients with DSM-IV major depressive disorder, who had not responded previously, or who partially responded to conventional treatment in single drug therapy with serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRI). Data were analyzed on a intent-to-treat basis. RESULTS Mean decrease in the 21 item Hamilton depression rating scale (HDRS) score was 49.4% (from 26.9 to 13.6; p<0.0001) and in the clinical global impressions scale (CGI) was 40.4% (from 4.6 to 2.7; p < 0.0001). At the end of the treatment, 47.1% of the patients we re considered in remission (HDRS < or = 10), 55.9% evaluated as responders (HDRS < or = 50%) and 58.8% considered as having improvement (CGI<4). No serious side effects were observed during combination therapy, the most frequent being nervousness and the urinary hesitancy (5.9%). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that addition of reboxetine to SSRI may be an effective and well-tolerated strategy in treatment-resistant patients who have failed to adequately respond to single drug therapy with SSRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Rubio
- Servicio de Psiquiatría Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.
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