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Tsubura A, Yuri T, Yoshizawa K, Uehara N, Takada H. Role of fatty acids in malignancy and visual impairment: epidemiological evidence and experimental studies. Histol Histopathol 2009; 24:223-34. [PMID: 19085838 DOI: 10.14670/hh-24.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
International variation in breast and colon cancer incidence is positively related to total fat intake. However, total fat consists of different fatty acid families, e.g., saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Epidemiological evidence and experimental studies suggest that these fatty acid families have different effects on breast and colon carcinogenesis. Therefore the action of each fatty acid on carcinogenesis should be evaluated separately. Although it is difficult to establish firm conclusions on the effect of each fatty acid in human epidemiological studies, experimental studies on animals and cultured cells suggest that n-6 PUFAs (linoleic acid and arachidonic acid) may have a tumor promoting effect, while n-3 PUFAs (eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and alpha-linolenic acid) and conjugated fatty acids (CFAs; a mixture of positional and geometric isomers of PUFAs with conjugated double bonds) exert an inhibitory effect on tumor growth. SFAs such as palmitic acid and stearic acid show little or no tumor promoting effect, and the action of oleic acid, a MUFA, is inconclusive. In addition to regulation of abnormal cell growth seen in cancers, fatty acids also control cell loss seen in degenerative eye diseases, such as degeneration of lens material in cataract and degeneration of photoreceptor cells in retinitis pigmentosa. Experiments suggest that n-6 PUFAs cause deleterious effects, while n-3 PUFAs result in beneficial effects on the lens and retina. In particular, docosahexaenoic acid is known to be effective in rescuing photoreceptor cells from damage. Thus, understanding the function of each fatty acid is likely to be important for making progress in treating these and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tsubura
- Department of Pathology II, Kansai Medical University, Takii Hospital, Moriguchi, Osaka, Japan.
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Nagashima J, Musha H, Takada H, Awaya T, Oba H, Mori N, Ohmiya K, Nobuoka S, Murayama M. Influence of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism on development of athlete's heart. Clin Cardiol 2009; 23:621-4. [PMID: 10941550 PMCID: PMC6655082 DOI: 10.1002/clc.4960230814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Genetic influence on development of athlete's heart is uncertain. This study investigated whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism influenced development of athlete's heart. METHODS Forty-three participants in a 100-km ultramarathon were classified on the basis of ACE gene polymorphism into a deletion group (n = 26) and an insertion group (n = 17). Echocardiograms were recorded to determine left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters, interventricular septal thickness, left ventricular posterior wall thickness, left ventricular mass, and ejection fraction. RESULTS Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (65.5 +/- 4.0 mm) and left ventricular mass (369.5 +/- 73.9 g) were significantly larger in the subjects with deletion than in those with insertion (57.4 +/- 4.2 mm, 306.5 +/- 93.7 g). However, no significant differences in the other parameters were noted. CONCLUSIONS In long-distance runners, ACE gene polymorphism of the D/D and D/I genotypes has a stronger influence on left ventricular hypertrophy than polymorphism of the I/I genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Nagashima
- Department of Cardiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
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Nagamine T, Takada H, Kusakabe T, Nakazato K, Sakai T, Oikawa M, Kamiya T, Arakawa K, Iha M. Intracellular changes of metal elements by fucoidan extracted from brown seaweed (Cladosiphon okamuranus). Biol Trace Elem Res 2008; 124:60-9. [PMID: 18473126 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-008-8123-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2007] [Accepted: 03/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to elucidate the intracellular changes of metal elements after the administration of fucoidan extracted from Cladosiphon okamuranus. TRL1215 cells (normal rat liver cell line) were treated with 0, 0.1, or 1.0 mg/ml fucoidan and incubated in 5% CO2 at 37 degrees C. The cellular levels of Mg, Al, Fe, and Zn were significantly increased in the 1.0 mg/ml fucoidan-treated cells compared to those of the 0.1 mg/ml fucoidan-treated cells and the control. Next, TRL1215 cells were cultured on Mylar film overnight. At 24 h after 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine dosing, 0, 0.1, or 1.0 mg/ml fucoidan was treated for 9 h. The cellular distribution of elements was analyzed using in-air micro-micro-particle induced X-ray emission. The X-ray spectra showed that yields of Al, Mg, and Zn were high in order of the 1.0 mg/ml fucoidan-treated sample, the 0.1 mg/ml fucoidan-treated sample, and the control. Fe yield was mildly increased by fucoidan administration. In fucoidan-treated cells, the focal accumulation of Br was correlated spatially with phosphorous-rich region, suggesting that Br was localized within the nucleus. Al distribution provided a spatial association with Br map. These data suggest that fucoidan increases the accumulations of Al, Mg, Fe, and Zn in normal rat hepatocytes, and fucoidan-binding Al is postulated to be transferred into the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nagamine
- School of Health Science, Gunma University Faculty of Medicine, Maebashi, 371-8514, Japan.
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Abstract
Oral epithelium is the first barrier against oral bacteria in periodontal tissue. Oral epithelial cells constitutively express Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and NOD1/2, functional receptors which induce the production of antibacterial factors such as peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) and β-defensin 2, but not pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-8. In this study, we hypothesized that innate immune responses in the oral epithelium are enhanced in inflamed tissue. We found that NOD1 and NOD2 agonists, in combination with TLR agonists, synergistically induced production of PGRPs and of β-defensin 2 in human oral epithelial cells via NF-κB. In contrast, co-stimulation with NOD1/2 and TLR ligands had no effect on the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1). These findings indicate that, in innate immune responses to invading microbes, a combination of signaling through TLRs and NODs leads to the synergistic activation of antibacterial responses in the oral epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Uehara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - H. Takada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
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Nemoto E, Honda T, Kanaya S, Takada H, Shimauchi H. Expression of functional Toll-like receptors and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain proteins in murine cementoblasts and their upregulation during cell differentiation. J Periodontal Res 2008; 43:585-93. [PMID: 18565134 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2008.01096.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE While the primary role of cementoblasts is to synthesize the components of cementum, we have reported that immortalized murine cementoblasts (OCCM-30) express functional Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 and -4, and these receptors are involved in the alteration of gene expression associated with cementum formation and in the upregulation of osteoclastogenesis-associated molecules, such as receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) ligand. We hypothesized that cementoblasts express a wide range of pattern recognition receptors in a manner comparable to osteoblasts, which are known to express various functional TLRs and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) proteins. MATERIAL AND METHODS Murine cementoblasts and pre-osteoblasts were used. The gene and protein levels of TLRs/NODs were analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and activated NF-kappaB were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The expressions of TLR-1, -2, -4, -6 and -9, CD14, NOD-1 and -2 were detected in cementoblasts and were upregulated upon differentiation induced by ascorbic acid. Similar patterns were observed in the mouse MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cell line. Synthetic ligands, Pam3CSK4 (TLR-1/2 agonist), Pam2CGDPKHPKSF (TLR-2/6 agonist), lipid A (TLR4 agonist), CpG DNA (TLR-9 agonist), FK565 (NOD1 agonist) and muramyldipeptide (NOD2 agonist), effectively induced NF-kappaB activation in cementoblasts and/or ascorbic acid-treated cementoblasts. Furthermore, these ligands induced IL-6 production in a NF-kappaB-dependent manner in cementoblasts and/or ascorbic acid-treated cementoblasts. CONCLUSION These results indicate that cementoblasts possess functional TLR and NOD signaling systems and have a similar capacity to osteoblasts in responding to a wide variety of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Nemoto
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan.
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Sawaki M, Watanabe R, Kagawa C, Sasa M, Takada H, Sato S, Yamada T, Kikumori T, Imai T. The effect of toremifene on lipid metabolism compared with that of tamoxifen in vitro. EJC Suppl 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(08)70827-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Uehara A, Imamura T, Potempa J, Travis J, Takada H. Gingipains from Porphyromonas gingivalis synergistically induce the production of proinflammatory cytokines through protease-activated receptors with Toll-like receptor and NOD1/2 ligands in human monocytic cells. Cell Microbiol 2008; 10:1181-9. [PMID: 18182086 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2008.01119.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Gingipains (HRgpA, RgpB and Kgp) are cysteine proteinases and virulence factors of Porphyromonas gingivalis, the major causative bacterium of periodontal disease. To study synergistic effects of gingipains and signalling via Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and NOD1/2, we investigated effects of a gingipain on the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines from monocytic THP-1 cells in the presence of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Gingipains stimulated interleukin (IL)-8's secretion from THP-1 cells, which was completely inhibited by proteinase inhibitors of gingipain and increased in the presence of PAMPs. Synergistic effects of gingipains and PAMPs were also seen in the secretion of IL-6 and MCP-1 and reduced to about 50% the secretion of IL-8 from THP-1 cells treated with siRNA targeting either protease-activated receptor (PAR)-1, -2 or -3. PAR agonist peptides mimicked the synergistic effects of gingipains with PAMPs. These results indicate that gingipains stimulate the secretion of cytokines from monocytic cells through the activation of PARs with synergistic effects by PAMPs. This is the first report of synergism of signalling via PARs, and TLRs or NOD1/2. The host defence system against P. gingivalis may be triggered through the activation of PARs by gingipains and augmented by PAMPs from this pathogen via TLRs or NOD1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Uehara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
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Lakshminarayanan S, Tun K, Takada H. FROM DATABASE TO OPERATION DESIGN USING A MULTIPLE MODEL APPROACH. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00986440701707685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Matsuura Y, Yokoyama K, Takada H, Shimada K. Dynamics analysis of electrogastrography using Double-Wayland algorithm. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 2007:1973-6. [PMID: 18002371 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2007.4352705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The electrogastrography (EGG) is an abdominal surface measurement of the electric activity of the stomach. It is great clinical importance to record and analyze multi-channel EGGs, which provide more information on the propagation and co-ordination of gastric contractions. The aim of the study is to estimate the dynamics that generate electrogastrography Double-Wayland algorithm was applied to the analysis. As a result, all the components of multi-channel EGGs can be generated from a chaos process. We found 5 or 6 independent essential components from EGGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Matsuura
- Graduate School of Natural Sciences, Nagoya City University and JSPS Research Fellow, Nagoya, Japan.
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Abstract
Since human gingival fibroblasts are the major cells in periodontal tissues, we hypothesized that gingival fibroblasts are endowed with receptors for bacterial components, which induce innate immune responses against invading bacteria. We found clear mRNA expression of Toll-like receptors (TLR)1, TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR6, TLR7, TLR8, TLR9, MD-2, MyD88, NOD1, and NOD2 in gingival fibroblasts. Gingival fibroblasts constitutively expressed these molecules. Upon stimulation with chemically synthesized ligands mimicking microbial products for these receptors, the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, was markedly up-regulated. Furthermore, the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by TLR and NOD ligands was significantly inhibited by an RNA interference assay targeted to NF-kappaB. These findings indicate that these innate immunity-related molecules in gingival fibroblasts are functional receptors involved in inflammatory reactions in periodontal tissues, which might be responsible for periodontal pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Uehara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
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Shigehara T, Komazaki S, Takada H. Detection and characterization of new genotypes of Myzus antirrhinii (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Japan, with evidence for their production of sexual morphs. Bull Entomol Res 2006; 96:605-11. [PMID: 17201978 DOI: 10.1017/ber2006460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Two forms of Myzus persicae (Sulzer), F-15 and R306N', resembling M. antirrhinii (Macchiati) in esterase profile have been found in Japan. To determine the genetic relationship of F-15 and R306N' with M. antirrhinii, clonal lineages of F-15, R306N' and those of 14 other forms of M. persicae collected in Japan were analysed for 17 polymorphic microsatellite DNA loci. Two microsatellite multi-locus (MS) genotypes of M. persicae and two MS genotypes, Ma3 and Ma4, of M. antirrhinii from Australia were used as references. The 16 Japanese forms were represented by different MS genotypes. F-15 and R306N' had, respectively, 44.1% and 35.3% of their alleles at the 17 loci in common with Ma3 and Ma4, and some of the common alleles were peculiar in size. F-15 and R306N' shared 22.6% and 29.6%, respectively, of their alleles with the other 16 MS genotypes of M. persicae. The corresponding values for Ma3 and Ma4 were both 27.4%. F-15 and R306N' were grouped reliably with the two Australian MS genotypes of M. antirrhinii both by neighbour-joining method based on shared allele distance and by a Bayesian method with Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm. These results suggest that F-15 and R306N' are genetically closely related to M. antirrhinii and isolated from the gene pool of M. persicae despite their ability to produce sexual morphs. It is therefore proposed that F-15 and R306N' should be classified as M. antirrhinii.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Shigehara
- Laboratory of Entomology, Department of Grape and Persimmon Research, National Institute of Fruit Tree Science, Akitsu, Hiroshima, Japan.
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Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize common motifs, pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), in microorganisms. Bacterial PAMPs are mainly distributed on cell-surfaces. Peptidoglycans (PGNs) are ubiquitous constituents of bacterial cell walls. Muramyldipeptide (MDP; N-acetylmuramyl-l-alanyl-d-isoglutamine) is a common and key structure of PGNs and exhibits most the of bioactivities of PGNs. Recently, the intracellular receptor for MDP was revealed to be NOD2. Another bioactive moiety of PGNs, diaminopimelic acid (DAP) containing desmuramylpeptides (DMPs), senses another intracellular receptor, NOD1. MDP-primed mice exhibited hyper-responses to endotoxin and other bacterial components, which sense Toll-like receptors (TLRs), although MDP itself does not exhibit apparent activity in mice. On the other hand, DMPs exhibited definite activity in mice, and the most powerful DMP, FK565, exhibited stronger priming activity than MDP. In human monocytic cells, both MDP and DMPs exhibited definite activities; marked synergistic interleukin (IL)-8 secretion was induced by DMPs and MDP in combination with synthetic TLR agonists, and suppression of the mRNA expressions of NOD1 and NOD2, respectively, by RNA interference specifically inhibited synergistic IL-8 secretion. In human dendritic cells (DCs), synergistic T helper type 1 responses are induced by combined stimulations of synthetic NOD and TLR agonists. Considering these findings altogether, in host-bacteria interactions, host cells should recognize bacteria via both TLRs and NODs, which might induce synergistic innate and adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Takada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan.
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Abstract
AIMS To investigate the contribution of regulatory T cells and co-stimulatory molecules in CD4(+) T cells to the development of Type 1 diabetes (T1D). METHODS Twelve patients with T1D, nine patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and 12 age-matched healthy control subjects participated. We analysed the proportions of CD25(+)CD4(+) T cells and natural killer T cells (NKT cells), and the expression levels of Foxp3, CTLA-4, CD28, ICOS, PD-1 and BTLA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and purified CD4(+) T cells. RESULTS There were no significant differences in the proportions of CD25(+) CD4(+) T cells or NKT cells among the three groups. PD-1 expression levels of peripheral CD4(+) T cells from T1D patients were significantly lower than those from healthy control subjects (P = 0.00066). In contrast, PD-1 expression levels were similar in SLE patients and healthy control subjects. The expression levels of Foxp3, CTLA-4, CD28, ICOS and BTLA were similar in the three groups. CONCLUSIONS Decreased expression of the PD-1 gene in CD4(+) T cells may contribute to the development and/or maintenance of autoimmune T1D. As the population studied was small and heterogeneous, further studies are required to confirm the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Tsutsumi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Shiozawa T, Takada H, Miyao M, Takada M, Watanabe Y, Gotoh M, Kawasaki H. P32.8 Evaluation of effect of biofeedback training for prevention against stress urinary incontinence using mathematical index of surface electromyography. Clin Neurophysiol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2006.06.566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kanaya Y, Ohga S, Ikeda K, Furuno K, Ohno T, Takada H, Kinukawa N, Hara T. Maturational alterations of peripheral T cell subsets and cytokine gene expression in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Clin Exp Immunol 2006; 144:85-93. [PMID: 16542369 PMCID: PMC1809624 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2006.03038.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome is a common disorder characterized by thymic hypoplasia, conotruncal cardiac defect and hypoparathyroidism. Patients have a risk of infections and autoimmunity associated with T lymphocytopenia. To assess the immunological constitution of patients, the numerical changes and cytokine profile of circulating T cells were analysed by flow cytometry and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). CD3+, CD4+, T cell receptor (TCR)alphabeta+ or CD8alphaalpha+ cell counts were lower, and CD56+ cell counts were higher in patients than in controls during the period from birth to adulthood. The ageing decline of CD3+ or CD4+ cell counts was slower in patients than in controls. The proportion of CD8alphaalpha+ cells increased in controls, and the slope index was larger than in patients. On the other hand, both the number and proportion of Valpha24+ cells increased in patients, and the slope indexes tended to be larger than in controls. The positive correlation of the number of T cells with CD8alphaalpha+ cells was observed only in patients, and that with Valpha24+ cells was seen only in controls. No gene expression levels of interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin (IL)-10, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) or forkhead box p3 (Foxp3) in T cells differed between patients and controls. There was no significant association between the lymphocyte subsets or gene expression levels and clinical phenotype including the types of cardiac disease, hypocalcaemia and frequency of infection. These results indicated that T-lymphocytopenia in 22q11.2 deletion patients became less severe with age under the altered composition of minor subsets. The balanced cytokine profile in the limited T cell pool may represent a T cell homeostasis in thymic deficiency syndrome.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aging/genetics
- Aging/immunology
- Antigens, CD
- Antigens, Differentiation/analysis
- CD3 Complex/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CTLA-4 Antigen
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Chromosome Deletion
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22/immunology
- Cytokines/immunology
- DiGeorge Syndrome/genetics
- DiGeorge Syndrome/immunology
- Female
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/analysis
- Gene Expression/genetics
- Gene Expression/immunology
- Humans
- Infant
- Interferon-gamma/analysis
- Interleukin-10/analysis
- Lymphocyte Count
- Male
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kanaya
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Fukuoka, Japan
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Takada H, Hyogo T, Kataoka T, Hayase K, Nakamura H. Diagnosis of Vertebral Artery Dissection by Basi-parallel Anatomical Scanning (BPAS) MRI. Interv Neuroradiol 2006; 12:129-32. [PMID: 20569617 DOI: 10.1177/15910199060120s121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2005] [Accepted: 12/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY To diagnose VA dissection, MRA or cerebral angiography, which provides information regarding intra-vascular space, has been performed. We report the acquisition of various information about VA dissection using MRI-BPAS, which is a new diagnostic method.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Takada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nakamura Memorial Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
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Takada H, Imoto I, Tsuda H, Nakanishi Y, Sakakura C, Mitsufuji S, Hirohashi S, Inazawa J. Genomic loss and epigenetic silencing of very-low-density lipoprotein receptor involved in gastric carcinogenesis. Oncogene 2006; 25:6554-62. [PMID: 16715143 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Homozygous loss in the genomic sequence, a mechanism for inactivating tumor-suppressor genes (TSGs) in cancer, has been used as a tag for the identification of novel TSGs, and array-based comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH) has a great potential for high-throughput identification of this change. We identified a homozygous loss of the very-low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) gene (9p24.2) from genome-wide screening for copy-number alterations in 32 gastric cancer (GC) cell lines using array-CGH. Although previous reports demonstrated mRNA or protein expression of VLDLR in various cancers including GC, the association between genomic losses or epigenetic silencing of this gene and carcinogenesis has never been reported before. Homozygous deletion of VLDLR was also seen in primary GCs, albeit infrequently, and about half of GC cell lines showed lost or reduced VLDLR expression. The VLDLR expression was restored in gene-silenced GC cells after treatment with 5-aza 2'-deoxycytidine. According to methylation analyses, hypermethylation of the VLDLR promoter region, which all of GC lines without its expression showed, occurred in some primary GCs. Restoration of VLDLR type I expression in GC cells reduced colony formation. These results suggest that not only the expression of VLDLR but also genetic or epigenetic silencing of this gene may contribute to tumor formation and be involved in gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Takada
- Department of Molecular Cytogenetics, Medical Research Institute and Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Tokyo, Japan
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Nagashima J, Musha H, Takada H, Murayama M. Left ventricular chamber size predicts the race time of Japanese participants in a 100 km ultramarathon. Br J Sports Med 2006; 40:331-3; discussion 333. [PMID: 16556788 PMCID: PMC2577533 DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2005.022673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As a subanalysis of an echocardiographic study performed on 291 Japanese participants in a 100 km ultramarathon, to estimate predictors of race time. METHODS A total of 247 male participants in a 100 km ultramarathon (age 20-73 years) were examined by echocardiography. Correlations between age, body surface area, monthly running distance, or echocardiographic variables and the race time were examined. RESULTS According to simple regression analysis, age (r = 0.299, p < 0.0001), monthly running distance (r = -0.388, p < 0.0001), left ventricular end diastolic diameter (r = -0.300, p < 0.0001), and left ventricular end systolic diameter (r = -0.325, p < 0.0001) correlated significantly with the race time. When multiple regression analysis was performed, age (f = 2.364), monthly running distance (f = -0.113), and left ventricular end systolic diameter (f = -2.361) remained significant predictors of the race time. CONCLUSION Left ventricular diameter predicts the race time for a 100 km ultramarathon, in addition to age and amount of training.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Nagashima
- Yokohama Sports Medical Center, Internal Medicine Section, Yokohama-city, Japan.
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Khajoee V, Saito M, Takada H, Nomura A, Kusuhara K, Yoshida SI, Yoshikai Y, Hara T. Novel roles of osteopontin and CXC chemokine ligand 7 in the defence against mycobacterial infection. Clin Exp Immunol 2006; 143:260-8. [PMID: 16412049 PMCID: PMC1809597 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2005.02985.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-induced human monocyte-derived macrophage (GM-Mphi) or macrophage CSF (M-CSF)-induced human monocyte-derived Mphi (M-Mphi) are distinct in terms of the resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. To elucidate the role of molecules involved in the functional differences between these Mphis, we investigated the gene expression profiles using microarray. After culture of CD14+ monocytes with CSFs, Mphis were cultured with or without bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) (GM-Mphi-BCG and M-Mphi-BCG). The gene expression profiles from these cells were compared. Chemokines highly expressed in M-Mphis were selected and evaluated for anti-mycobacterial activity and superoxide production. FN1 and FCGR2B were the most up-regulated genes in GM-Mphi and M-Mphi, respectively. After stimulation with BCG, three chemokine genes (Osteopontin (SPP1), CXC chemokine ligand 7 (CXCL7) and CC chemokine ligand 11 (CCL11)) were highly expressed in M-Mphi-BCG when compared to those in GM-Mphi-BCG. A significantly increased resistance to M. tuberculosis H37Ra was observed after the stimulation of GM-Mphi with SPP1 or CXCL7. Superoxide production levels of SPP1- or CXCL7-stimulated GM-Mphis were higher than those of GM-Mphis without stimulation. These results indicate that both SPP1 and CXCL7 might have a role in the resistance against mycobacteria, at least in part, through augmenting reactive oxygen intermediate production in Mphis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Khajoee
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Studies, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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70
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Uehara A, Sugawara Y, Kurata S, Fujimoto Y, Fukase K, Kusumoto S, Satta Y, Sasano T, Sugawara S, Takada H. Chemically synthesized pathogen-associated molecular patterns increase the expression of peptidoglycan recognition proteins via toll-like receptors, NOD1 and NOD2 in human oral epithelial cells. Cell Microbiol 2006; 7:675-86. [PMID: 15839897 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2004.00500.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs), a novel family of pattern recognition molecules (PRMs) in innate immunity conserved from insects to mammals, recognize bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan (PGN) and are suggested to act as anti-bacterial factors. In humans, four kinds of PGRPs (PGRP-L, -Ialpha, -Ibeta and -S) have been cloned and all four human PGRPs bind PGN. In this study, we examined the possible regulation of the expression of PGRPs in oral epithelial cells upon stimulation with chemically synthesized pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) in bacterial cell surface components: Escherichia coli-type tryacyl lipopeptide (Pam3CSSNA), E. coli-type lipid A (LA-15-PP), diaminopimelic acid containing desmuramyl peptide (gamma-D-glutamyl-meso-DAP; iE-DAP), and muramyldipeptide (MDP). These synthetic PAMPs markedly upregulated the mRNA expression of the four PGRPs and cell surface expression of PGRP-Ialpha and -Ibeta, but did not induce either mRNA expression or secretion of inflammatory cytokines, in oral epithelial cells. Suppression of the expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR)2, TLR4, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)1 and NOD2 by RNA interference specifically inhibited the upregulation of PGRP mRNA expression induced by Pam3CSSNA, LA-15-PP, iE-DAP and MDP respectively. These PAMPs definitely activated nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB in the epithelial cells, and suppression of NF-kappaB activation clearly prevented the induction of PGRP mRNA expression induced by these PAMPs in the cells. These findings suggested that bacterial PAMPs induced the expression of PGRPs, but not proinflammatory cytokines, in oral epithelial cells, and the PGRPs might be involved in host defence against bacterial invasion without accompanying inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Uehara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Denstistry, Sendai, Japan
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71
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Nagamime T, Kusakabe T, Takada H, Nakazato K, Suzuki K, Nakajima K. Th-P16:371 Metallothionein induction by probucol in endothelial cell. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(06)82329-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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72
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Nakamura S, Morishita M, Yang CL, Utsumi K, Takada H, Furuhashi K, Sugiura H. An elderly female who survived more than 30 years following a diagnosis of Takayasu's arteritis, complicated by fatal intestinal amyloidosis. Clin Rheumatol 2005; 25:907-10. [PMID: 16292468 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-005-0088-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2005] [Revised: 06/13/2005] [Accepted: 06/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Compared to young patients with Takayasu's arteritis (TA), little information about elderly patients with TA has been reported. Additionally, no reports were found regarding TA cases with complications of intestinal amyloidosis. This is a case report of an elderly female, who developed intestinal amyloidosis, during late-stage TA. After years of outpatient management, she developed sudden severe dyspnea with pulmonary effusion, requiring hospitalization. After this event, betamethasone was replaced by methotrexate (MTX) for the next 34 months, but it seemed ineffective. After 1.5 years, she developed intractable diarrhea, followed by increases in BUN and serum creatinine (Cr), requiring several courses of hemodialysis. Colonoscopy revealed the presence of amyloid in her intestine, although she died of complicated sepsis caused by MRSA infection. This may be the first paper describing intestinal amyloidosis in a TA patient. Additionally, her case is rare in that she lived more than 30 years after the onset and diagnosis of TA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nakamura
- Section of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Medical Clinic, Higashi Sakura 2-12-1, Higashi-ku, Nagoya, 461-0005, Japan.
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73
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74
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Teixeira ABA, Silva M, Lyra L, Luz EA, Uno J, Takada H, Miyaji M, Nishimura K, Schreiber AZ. Antifungal Susceptibility and Pathogenic Potential of Environmental Isolated Filamentous Fungi Compared with Colonizing Agents in Immunocompromised Patients. Mycopathologia 2005; 160:129-35. [PMID: 16170608 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-005-0117-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2005] [Accepted: 06/06/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in bone marrow transplant recipients and in patients with hematological malignancies. The source of infection is almost always endogenous flora or the hospital environment. The present study evaluated bone marrow transplant recipients and patients with hematological malignancies colonized and/or infected with filamentous fungi. During 1 year, environmental air samples were also taken from the bone marrow transplant unit by a modification of gravity air-setting plate (GASP) methodology. Fusarium spp. were the most prevalent genus in the fall and Cladosporium spp. in the winter. Clinically isolated strains grew better at 37 degrees C than environmental strains. According to NCCLS M-38P methods, environmental Aspergillus strains showed higher MICs to miconazol and itraconazol, and clinical Fusarium strains were less susceptible to fluconazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B A Teixeira
- Clinical Pathology Department, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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75
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Yamamoto K, Ishii E, Sako M, Ohga S, Furuno K, Suzuki N, Ueda I, Imayoshi M, Yamamoto S, Morimoto A, Takada H, Hara T, Imashuku S, Sasazuki T, Yasukawa M. Identification of novel MUNC13-4 mutations in familial haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and functional analysis of MUNC13-4-deficient cytotoxic T lymphocytes. J Med Genet 2005; 41:763-7. [PMID: 15466010 PMCID: PMC1735600 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2004.021121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL) has an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance and consists of at least three subtypes. FHL2 subtype with perforin (PRF1) mutation accounts for 30% of all FHL cases, while FHL with MUNC13-4 mutation was recently identified and designated as FHL3 subtype. OBJECTIVE To examine MUNC13-4 mutations and the cytotoxic function of MUNC13-4 deficient T lymphocytes in Japanese FHL patients METHODS Mutations of MUNC13-4 and the cytotoxicity of MUNC13-4-deficient cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) were analysed in 16 Japanese families with non-FHL2 subtype. RESULTS Five new mutations of the MUNC13-4 gene were identified in six families. The mutations were in the introns 4, 9, and 18, and exons 8 and 19. Two families had homozygous mutations, while the remaining four had compound heterozygous mutations. Cytotoxicity of MUNC13-4 deficient CTL was low compared with control CTL, but was still present. Clinically, the onset of disease tended to occur late; moreover, natural killer cell activity was not deficient in some FHL3 patients. CONCLUSIONS MUNC13-4 mutations play a role in the development of FHL3 through a defective cytotoxic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yamamoto
- Division of Molecular Population Genetics, Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, and Kyushu University COE Programme on Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Kyushu University, Japan
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76
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Tanaka T, Takada H, Nomura A, Ohga S, Shibata R, Hara T. Distinct gene expression patterns of peripheral blood cells in hyper-IgE syndrome. Clin Exp Immunol 2005; 140:524-31. [PMID: 15932515 PMCID: PMC1809394 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2005.02805.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyper-immunoglobulin E (IgE) syndrome (HIES) is one of the primary immunodeficiency syndromes. Although the cytokine dysregulation is suggested to play a role in its pathophysiology, the causative gene has not yet been identified. To investigate the pathophysiology and candidate genes involved in this disease, we performed microarray analysis of unstimulated peripheral CD4+ T cells and CD14+ cells, as well as peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) stimulated with Staphylococcus aureus isolated from HIES patients and healthy controls. By microarray analysis, 38 genes showed over 2-fold differences between the HIES patients and healthy controls in purified CD14+ cells, although only small differences in the gene expression profiles were observed between the two groups in purified CD4+ T cells. RGC32 expression levels showed the greatest difference between the two groups, and were significantly elevated in HIES compared with those in severe atopic dermatitis or healthy controls using real-time PCR. A significantly larger number of lysosome-related genes were up-regulated, and significantly larger number of genes related to cell growth and maintenance were down-regulated in HIES. After the stimulation of PBMNC with Staphylococcus aureus, 51 genes showed over 3-fold differences between HIES patients and healthy controls. A significantly large number of immunoglobulin-related genes were up-regulated in HIES. The distinct patterns of gene expression profiles and RGC32 expression levels will be useful for understanding the pathophysiology and for diagnosis of HIES, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tanaka
- Department of Paediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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77
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Uehara A, Yang S, Fujimoto Y, Fukase K, Kusumoto S, Shibata K, Sugawara S, Takada H. Muramyldipeptide and diaminopimelic acid-containing desmuramylpeptides in combination with chemically synthesized Toll-like receptor agonists synergistically induced production of interleukin-8 in a NOD2- and NOD1-dependent manner, respectively, in human monocytic cells in culture. Cell Microbiol 2005; 7:53-61. [PMID: 15617523 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2004.00433.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Two types of synthetic peptidoglycan fragments, diaminopimelic acid (DAP)-containing desmuramylpeptides (DMP) and muramyldipeptide (MDP), induced secretion of interleukin (IL)-8 in a dose-dependent manner in human monocytic THP-1 cells, although high concentrations of compounds are required as compared with chemically synthesized Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists mimicking bacterial components: TLR2 agonistic lipopeptide (Pam3CSSNA), TLR4 agonistic lipid A (LA-15-PP) and TLR9 agonistic bacterial CpG DNA. We found marked synergistic IL-8 secretion induced by MDP or DAP-containing DMP in combination with synthetic TLR agonists in THP-1 cells. Suppression of the mRNA expression of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)1 and NOD2 by RNA interference specifically inhibited the synergistic IL-8 secretion induced by DMP and MDP with these TLR agonists respectively. In accordance with the above results, enhanced IL-8 mRNA expression and the activation of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB induced by MDP or DMP in combination with synthetic TLR agonists were markedly suppressed in NOD2- and NOD1-silenced cells respectively. These findings indicated that NOD2 and NOD1 are specifically responsible for the synergistic effects of MDP and DMP with TLR agonists, and suggested that in host innate immune responses to invading bacteria, combinatory dual signalling through extracellular TLRs and intracellular NODs might lead to the synergistic activation of host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Uehara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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78
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Nagatomo T, Ohga S, Takada H, Nomura A, Hikino S, Imura M, Ohshima K, Hara T. Microarray analysis of human milk cells: persistent high expression of osteopontin during the lactation period. Clin Exp Immunol 2004; 138:47-53. [PMID: 15373904 PMCID: PMC1809182 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2004.02549.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To continue the search for immunological roles of breast milk, cDNA microarray analysis on cytokines and growth factors was performed for human milk cells. Among the 240 cytokine-related genes, osteopontin (OPN) gene ranked top of the expression. Real-time PCR revealed that the OPN mRNA levels in colostrum cells were approximately 100 times higher than those in PHA-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs), and 10 000 times higher than those in PB CD14(+) cells. The median levels of OPN mRNA in early milk or mature milk cells were more than three times higher than those in colostrum cells. Western blot analysis of human milk showed appreciable expression of full-length and short form proteins of OPN. The concentrations of full-length OPN in early milk or mature milk whey continued to be higher than those in colostrum whey and plasma as assessed by ELISA. The early milk (3-7 days postpartum) contained the highest concentrations of OPN protein, while the late mature milk cells (1 years postpartum) had the highest expression of OPN mRNA of all the lactating periods. The results of immunohistochemical and immunocytochemical staining indicated that OPN-producing epithelial cells and macrophages are found in actively lactating mammary glands. These results suggest that the persistently and extraordinarily high expression of OPN in human milk cells plays a potential role in the immunological development of breast-fed infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nagatomo
- Department of Paediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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79
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Shervani NJ, Takasawa S, Uchigata Y, Akiyama T, Nakagawa K, Noguchi N, Takada H, Takahashi I, Yamauchi A, Ikeda T, Iwamoto Y, Nata K, Okamoto H. Autoantibodies to REG, a beta-cell regeneration factor, in diabetic patients. Eur J Clin Invest 2004; 34:752-8. [PMID: 15530148 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2004.01419.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regenerating gene (Reg) product, Reg, acts as an autocrine/paracrine growth factor for beta-cell regeneration. The presence of autoimmunity against REG may affect the operative of the regenerative mechanisms in beta cells of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes patients. We screened sera from Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes subjects for anti-REG autoantibodies, searched for correlations in the general characteristics of the subjects with the presence of anti-REG autoimmunity, and tested the attenuation of REG-induced beta-cell proliferation by the autoanitibodies. MATERIAL AND METHODS We examined the occurrence of anti-REG autoantibodies in patients' sera (265 Type 1, 368 Type 2 diabetes patients, and 75 unrelated control subjects) by Western blot analysis, and evaluated inhibitory effects of the sera on REG-stimulated beta-cell proliferation by a 5'-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation assay in vitro. RESULTS Anti-REG autoantibodies were found in 24.9% of Type 1, 14.9% of Type 2 and 2.7% of control subjects (P = 0.0004). There were significant differences between the autoantibody positive and negative groups in the duration of disease in the Type 1 subjects (P = 0.0035), and the age of onset in the Type 2 subjects (P = 0.0274). The patient sera containing anti-REG autoantibodies significantly attenuated the BrdU incorporation by REG (35.6 +/- 4.06% of the control), whereas the nondiabetic sera without anti-REG autoantibodies scarcely reduced the incorporation (88.8 +/- 5.10%). CONCLUSION Anti-REG autoantibodies, which retard beta-cell proliferation in vitro, are found in some diabetic patients. Thus, autoimmunity to REG may be associated with the development/acceleration of diabetes in at least some patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Shervani
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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80
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Kimura J, Takada H, Nomura A, Ohno T, Mizuno Y, Saito M, Kusuhara K, Hara T. Th1 and Th2 cytokine production is suppressed at the level of transcriptional regulation in Kawasaki disease. Clin Exp Immunol 2004; 137:444-9. [PMID: 15270865 PMCID: PMC1809116 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2004.02506.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To clarify the functional state of T cells in Kawasaki disease, we analysed mRNA expression levels of Th1/Th2 cytokines (IFN-gamma and IL-4) along with Th1/Th2-inducing transcription factors, T-bet and GATA-3, which play pivotal roles in the development of Th1 and Th2 cells, respectively. By real-time PCR, IFN-gamma mRNA levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) were significantly decreased in Kawasaki disease patients compared with those with measles, and tended to be lower than those in healthy controls. T-bet mRNA levels were significantly decreased in patients with Kawasaki disease compared with healthy controls. In addition, IL-4 and GATA-3 mRNA levels were significantly decreased in Kawasaki disease compared with healthy controls. Regulatory cytokine mRNA levels (TGF-beta and IL-10) were also decreased in Kawasaki disease. The mRNA levels of IFN-gamma showed a significant positive correlation with those of T-bet in Kawasaki disease. These results suggest that the suppressed function of Th1 and Th2, associated with the suppression of both T-bet and GATA-3 gene expression, may be one of the immunological characteristics of Kawasaki disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kimura
- Department of Paediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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81
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Ohba M, Shibazaki M, Sasano T, Inoue M, Takada H, Endo Y. Platelet responses and anaphylaxis-like shock induced in mice by intravenous injection of whole cells of oral streptococci. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 19:26-30. [PMID: 14678471 DOI: 10.1046/j.0902-0055.2002.00107.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Intravenous injection of lyophilized whole cells of various oral streptococcal strains into muramyldipeptide (MDP)-primed C3H/HeN mice induces rapid anaphylactoid shock. Here we examined the mechanism underlying this shock. In non-primed mice, Streptococcus intermedius K-213K (SiK213) and Streptococcus constellatus T21 (ScT21) produced little or no sign of shock. In MDP-primed mice, SiK213 caused lethal shock, while ScT21 only had a weak effect. SiK213 induced decreases in blood platelets and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) preceding the shock, while the effects of ScT21 were weak. The SiK213-induced 5HT decrease and shock were reduced by a complement-C5 inhibitor. These results suggest that (i). streptococcal bacterial cells can induce rapid platelet responses, (ii). complement-dependent degradation of platelets may be involved in streptococcus-induced shock, (iii). the streptococcus-induced platelet degradation or degranulation may occur largely in the systemic circulation, and (iv). platelets may play a role not only in infectious diseases caused by gram-negative bacteria, but also in diseases caused by gram-positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ohba
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku Sendai, Japan
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82
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Shigehara T, Takada H. Mode of inheritance of the polymorphic esterases in Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Japan. Bull Entomol Res 2004; 94:65-74. [PMID: 14972051 DOI: 10.1079/ber2003274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Crossing experiments were conducted with 43 different parental clones of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) to clarify the genetic bases of esterase variations detected by electrophoresis. A total of 468 F1 clones obtained were analysed for variants at six polymorphic esterase loci, including one associated with resistance to organophosphorus insecticides (RAE). In addition, the effect of six different host plants on the activity of esterases was examined. The inheritance of variants at two loci could be explained by two-allele models, and that at three other loci by three-allele models, while segregation ratios at the RAE locus suggested a cumulative effect of the multiple genes. An interdependent assortment was found between two loci. The activity of the esterases detected in the alimentary canal was affected by the host plant. By combining the variants at the six polymorphic esterase loci with those in body colour, a total of 2592 colour-esterase forms were distinguishable. Thus esterases could be useful as genetic markers to study the genotypic composition and its dynamics of M. persicae populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Shigehara
- Laboratory of Applied Entomology Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto Prefectural University Shimogamo Kyoto 606-8522 Japan.
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83
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Kawasaki T, Yoshimura H, Shibue T, Ikeuchi Y, Sakata M, Igarashi K, Takada H, Hoshino K, Kohn K, Namiki H. Crystalline Calcium Phosphate and Magnetic Mineral Content ofDaphniaResting Eggs. Zoolog Sci 2004; 21:63-7. [PMID: 14745105 DOI: 10.2108/0289-0003(2004)21[63:ccpamm]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Daphnia is a key crustacean zooplankton of freshwater food chains. One factor that ensures successful propagation is the Daphnia resting eggs, which are able to retain structural integrity under extreme conditions. Until recently little was known about the chemical composition, microanatomy, and physical properties of the egg itself. The current study demonstrates that the resting eggs: (1) have shells that are made up of crystalline calcium phosphate and include a honeycombed structure, and (2) contain magnetic material having properties consistent with magnetite. These properties of the resting eggs may ensure Daphnia survival in harsh environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamami Kawasaki
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.
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84
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Kawasaki T, Yoshimura H, Shibue T, Ikeuchi Y, Sakata M, Igarashi K, Takada H, Hoshino K, Kohn K, Namiki H. Crystalline Calcium Phosphate and Magnetic Mineral Content of Daphnia Resting Eggs. Zoolog Sci 2004. [DOI: 10.2108/zsj.21.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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85
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Shigehara T, Takada H. Changes in genotypic composition of Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on tobacco during the past two decades in Japan. Bull Entomol Res 2003; 93:537-44. [PMID: 14704100 DOI: 10.1079/ber2003273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Ninety-nine and 476 clones of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) were sampled on tobacco at Kyoto (Shimogamo) (1996-2000) and at 23 other localities (1998-1999) in Japan, respectively. The clones were classified into colour-esterase forms, distinguished by combinations of body colour and electrophoretically detectable esterases, to verify the changes in genotypic composition during the past two decades. Fifteen and 31 colour-esterase forms were found at Kyoto (Shimogamo) and at 23 other localities, respectively. Fourteen (representing c. 95% of the total clones sampled) and 24 (c. 44%) colour-esterase forms, respectively, were different from those found on tobacco during 1978-1985. The frequency of the green form and the very highly insecticide-resistant form increased. More than half of the colour-esterase forms found in the present survey were newly detected. The factors associated with these changes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Shigehara
- Laboratory of Applied Entomology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan.
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86
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Tada H, Sugawara S, Nemoto E, Imamura T, Potempa J, Travis J, Shimauchi H, Takada H. Proteolysis of ICAM-1 on human oral epithelial cells by gingipains. J Dent Res 2003; 82:796-801. [PMID: 14514759 DOI: 10.1177/154405910308201007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteine proteinases (gingipains) from Porphyromonas gingivalis are considered key virulence factors of severe periodontitis and host immune evasion. Since expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on gingival epithelium is indispensable in polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) migration at the site of periodontitis, we examined the effects of gingipains on the expression of ICAM-1 on human oral epithelial cell lines (KB and HSC-2) by flow cytometry and Western blotting. We found that three purified forms of gingipains efficiently reduced ICAM-1 expression on the cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Gingipains reduced the expression on fixed cells and degraded the ICAM-1 in the cell membranes, indicating that the reduction resulted from direct proteolysis. They then disturbed the ICAM-1-dependent adhesion of PMNs to the cells. These results indicate that gingipains cleave ICAM-1 on oral epithelial cells, consequently disrupting PMN-oral epithelial cell interaction, and are involved in immune evasion by the bacterium in periodontal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
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87
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Takada H, Takahata Y, Nomura A, Ohga S, Mizuno Y, Hara T. Increased serum levels of interferon-gamma-inducible protein 10 and monokine induced by gamma interferon in patients with haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Clin Exp Immunol 2003; 133:448-53. [PMID: 12930373 PMCID: PMC1808805 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2003.02237.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We measured serum interferon-gamma-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) and monokine induced by gamma interferon (MIG) levels to investigate the role of these molecules in the pathophysiology of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). Serum IP-10 and MIG levels were significantly increased in patients with active HLH compared with those of healthy controls. Serum MIG levels decreased gradually during the course of disease in a patient who recovered without therapy. On the other hand, rapid reduction of MIG and IP-10 levels was observed after chemotherapy in a patient with severe HLH. IP-10 and MIG mRNA expression was enhanced in liver and spleen, and IP-10 mRNA expression was enhanced in bone marrow in the patients, suggesting activated macrophages that infiltrated in these organs as one of the main producers of these cytokines. Serum IP-10 and MIG levels showed a significant correlation with serum IFN-gamma levels. In addition, these chemokines had a significant correlation with fever and serum LDH levels, which are clinical indicators of disease activity of HLH. These results suggest that IP-10 and MIG which are produced by activated macrophages by the stimulation of IFN-gamma, play an important role in the pathophysiology of HLH, by recruitment of activated Th1 cells into the tissues or organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Takada
- Department of Paediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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88
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Takahashi M, Takada H, Takagi K, Kataoka S, Soma R, Kuwayama H. Gastric restitution is inhibited by dexamethasone, which is reversed by hepatocyte growth factor and rebamipide. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2003; 18 Suppl 1:126-32. [PMID: 12925150 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2036.18.s1.19.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucocorticoids have been shown to induce peptic ulcers, especially when co-administered with NSAIDs. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) plays a role in gastric ulcer repair, facilitating the restitution of gastric mucosal epithelial cells. HGF expression is induced by PGs in gastric fibroblasts. We hypothesized that dexamethasone (DEX) may inhibit PG production and HGF expression, thus inhibiting HGF-induced gastric epithelial restitution. AIM To investigate the effect of DEX on gastric restitution, using cultured gastric cells, the role of HGF in the restitution inhibited by DEX, and the effect of rebamipide on DEX- inhibited restitution. METHODS Human gastric fibroblasts were prepared from human stomach obtained at surgery; PGE2 and HGF is determined by ELISA; Restitution was assessed by the round wound restitution model, using coculture of gastric fibroblasts and epithelial cells; COX-2 and HGF mRNA were quantified by TaqMan RT-PCR system. RESULTS 1. DEX inhibited HGF mRNA and COX-2 mRNA. Accordingly, it inhibited PGE2 and HGF release. 2. DEX inhibited the restitution of gastric cells. 3. The inhibition of restitution was reversed by HGF and rebamipide to the same extent. 4. Rebamipide induced PGE2 and HGF. CONCLUSION DEX inhibits restitution via HGF depletion, and rebamipide reverses the inhibited restitution by HGF induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital at Koshigaya, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Saitama, Japan.
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89
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Abstract
AIM To assess the immunological role of human milk by analysing the concentrations of interferon-gamma-inducible protein of 10 kda (IP-10) and monokine induced by interferon-gamma (MIG) in human milk from mothers of preterm and term infants. METHODS IP-10 and MIG levels of colostrum, early milk, mature milk and sera were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). IP-10 and MIG mRNA expression levels in cellular components of human milk were determined by RT-PCR. IP-10 and MIG protein expression in mammary gland tissues was analysed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Significant amounts of IP-10 and MIG were detected in human milk. The concentrations of IP-10 and MIG in colostrum and early milk were significantly higher than those of sera from healthy controls or lactating mothers. These chemokine concentrations in colostrum and early milk were significantly higher than those of mature milk. Premature delivery or pregnancy complications of mothers had no significant correlation with these chemokine concentrations in breast milk. There were significant correlations between MIG and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) or IP-10 levels (p < 0.001) in human milk. Expression of IP-10 and MIG genes and proteins in the milk cells as well as in mammary gland epithelial tissues was detected by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSION IP-10 and MIG in human milk, probably derived from milk cells and mammary gland epithelial cells, may contribute to the migration and activation of intestinal T lymphocytes to enhance mucosal immunity during the early neonatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Takahata
- Department of Paediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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90
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Suzuki M, Shinohara F, Sato K, Taniguchi T, Takada H, Rikiishi H. Interleukin-1beta converting enzyme subfamily inhibitors prevent induction of CD86 molecules by butyrate through a CREB-dependent mechanism in HL60 cells. Immunology 2003; 108:375-83. [PMID: 12603604 PMCID: PMC1782908 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.2003.01597.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the underlying mechanism for induction of CD86 molecules, we analysed the ability of the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, sodium butyrate (NaB), to induce CD86 at the transcriptional level in HL60 cells. Our studies showed that the expression of CD86 on the cell surface was increased by 24 hr of NaB treatment, and the enhancement of CD86 mRNA expression was observed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. When we measured NF-kappaB binding activity, significant activity was induced upon NaB stimulation, which was suppressed by the addition of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate. Butyrate also induced phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), which bound to cAMP-responsive elements. Dibutyryl (db) -cAMP induced active CREB and increased the levels of CD86 by 24 hr. These observations indicated that NF-kappaB and/or CREB are crucial for butyrate-dependent activation of CD86 gene expression. We examined the inhibitory effects of various caspase inhibitors on the expression of CD86 in cells treated with NaB, because NaB also induced apoptosis with slow kinetics. Intriguingly, our results demonstrated that inhibitors of the interleukin-1beta converting enzyme subfamily (caspase-1, -4, -5 and -13) blocked the butyrate-induced increase in level of CD86. These inhibitors interfered with CD86 gene transcription in the presence of activated NF-kappaB, whereas phosphorylated CREB was down-regulated in the reactions where these inhibitors were added to inhibit CD86 gene expression. These results suggested that butyrate not only acetylates histones on the CD86 promoter through the suppression of HDAC activity, but that butyrate also regulates CREB-mediated transcription, possibly through the caspase activities triggered by NaB.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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91
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Hatakeyama J, Tamai R, Sugiyama A, Akashi S, Sugawara S, Takada H. Contrasting responses of human gingival and periodontal ligament fibroblasts to bacterial cell-surface components through the CD14/Toll-like receptor system. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2003; 18:14-23. [PMID: 12588454 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-302x.2003.180103.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We compared human periodontal ligament fibroblasts with human gingival fibroblasts isolated from the same donor to examine interleukin-8 (IL-8) responses of the cells to Salmonella lipopolysaccharide, a water-soluble peptidoglycan from Staphylococcus epidermidis and the synthetic muramyldipeptide, with special reference to the possible involvement of the CD14/Toll-like receptor (TLR) system of the cells in the responses. Human gingival fibroblasts expressed CD14 on their surfaces and strongly expressed CD14 mRNA, while human periodontal ligament fibroblasts showed considerably lower levels of expression in both respects. Both cells expressed mRNA of TLR-related molecules, i.e. TLR2, TLR4, MD-2 and MyD88, although human periodontal ligament fibroblasts expressed TLR2 more strongly than human gingival fibroblasts. Human gingival fibroblasts exhibited a stronger IL-8 response than human periodontal ligament fibroblasts to lipopolysaccharide, while human periodontal ligament fibroblasts exhibited a response comparable to, or slightly stronger than, that of human gingival fibroblasts to S. epidermidis peptidoglycan and muramyldipeptide. The IL-8 responses of both cells to lipopolysaccharide and S. epidermidis peptidoglycan were completely inhibited by antihuman CD14 monoclonal antibody (MAb). The responses of both cells to lipopolysaccaride were significantly inhibited by antihuman TLR4 MAb, while those to S. epidermidis peptidoglycan were inhibited by antihuman TLR2 MAb. In contrast, muramyldipeptide activated both types of cells in a TLR2- and TLR4-independent manner, although the activities of muramyldipeptide on human gingival fibroblasts, but not human periodontal ligament fibroblasts, were significantly inhibited by anti-CD14 MAb.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hatakeyama
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology,Tohoku University School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
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92
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Abstract
Thl and Thl-inducing cytokines and T cell responses were investigated in human salmonellosis. Serum IFN-gamma, IL-12 and IL-18 levels were increased significantly in patients with salmonellosis. The increase in serum IL-15 and IL-18 levels was more significant and prolonged in patients with the systemic form of salmonellosis than in those with the gastroenteric form. The serum IFN-gamma level was correlated significantly with IL-12 and IL18 levels, and the IL-15 level was correlated significantly with IL-18. Upon stimulation with Salmonella in vitro, mononuclear cells from salmonellosis patients produced significantly higher amounts of IFN-gamma and IL-12 compared with those from healthy controls. Anti-IL-12 moAb or anti-IL18 MoAb significantly inhibited Salmonella-induced IFN-gamma production in vitro. gamma delta T cells expressed significantly higher levels of IFN-gamma mRNA in salmonellosis patients than in healthy controls. The results suggest that Th1-inducing cytokines appear to be involved in the in vivo response against Salmonella infection, promoting IFN-gamma production by alpha beta and gamma delta T cells which plays a protective role against Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Mizuno
- Department of Paediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University and Fukuoka Children's Hospital and Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Fukuoka, Japan.
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93
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Ohtaki Y, Shimauchi H, Yokochi T, Takada H, Endo Y. In vivo platelet response to lipopolysaccharide in mice: proposed method for evaluating new antiplatelet drugs. Thromb Res 2002; 108:303-9. [PMID: 12676190 DOI: 10.1016/s0049-3848(03)00092-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We previously found evidence (based on the use of 5HT as a marker) that i.v. injection of a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into mice induces a rapid accumulation of platelets in liver and lung. Our previous studies lacked measurement of the platelet count itself, but we have now compared the LPS-induced changes in 5HT levels with the change in platelet count. We also examined the effects on the platelet response of some drugs that act on platelets. In mice, sublethal doses of LPS induced parallel decreases in platelets and 5HT in the blood. The 5HT lost from the blood accounted well for the 5HT accumulated in liver and lung. Soon after this accumulation, the levels of platelets and 5HT in the blood recovered in parallel, and these recoveries corresponded well with the decreases in 5HT occurring in liver and lung. Aspirin and dexamethasone were effective at both reducing pulmonary platelet-accumulation and promoting their return to the circulation. By contrast, oestrogen tended to reduce the return of platelets from lung to circulation. Heparin did not inhibit pulmonary platelet-accumulation but it did decrease their return to the circulation. These results suggest that (i) in response to sublethal doses of LPS, platelets translocate into the liver and lung, then return to the circulation; (ii) this platelet response involves mechanisms that can be modified by drugs; and (iii) the use of this platelet response as a tool for drug evaluation might help identify new drugs with therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ohtaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, 980-8575, Sendai, Japan
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94
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Abstract
1. In the male rat, hepatic microsomal carbonyl reductase (CR) activity decreased by testectomy (Tx) was restored to the control level by the treatment with testosterone propionate (TP), even though the enzyme activity decreased by hypophysectomy (Hx) was not increased by the treatment with TP. On the other hand, renal microsomal CR activities decreased by Tx and Hx were markedly increased by the treatment with TP. 2. The treatment with TP had no effect on the CR activity in liver microsomes of the ovariectomized or hypophysectomized female rat. On the other hand, the CR activities in kidney microsomes of the ovariectomized and hypophysectomized female rat were significantly increased by the treatment with TP. 3. The results indicate that in rat programmed by neonatal androgens, the hepatic microsomal CR activity is regulated indirectly by androgens through the hypothalamus-pituitary system, whereas the hormonal regulation of the renal microsomal CR activity is not via the pituitary. We conclude that the regulatory mechanism of the CR activity in liver microsomes is distinguishable from that in kidney microsomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Imamura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1, Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan.
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95
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Uehara A, Sugawara S, Takada H. Priming of human oral epithelial cells by interferon-gamma to secrete cytokines in response to lipopolysaccharides, lipoteichoic acids and peptidoglycans. J Med Microbiol 2002; 51:626-634. [PMID: 12171292 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-51-8-626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An earlier study reported that human gingival epithelial cells in primary culture and oral epithelial cell lines KB and HSC-2 cells were devoid of membrane CD14 (mCD14) and did not show enhanced production of interleukin (IL)-8 or granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) upon stimulation with bacterial cell-surface components such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lipoteichoic acid (LTA), peptidoglycan (PGN) and synthetic muramyldipeptide (MDP) even in the presence of serum. The present study demonstrated that after treatment with interferon (IFN)-gamma for 3 days, these cells secreted IL-8 and GM-CSF in response to the bacterial components. Treatment with IFN-gamma enhanced Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, TLR4, MD-2 and MyD88 mRNA expression as determined by reverse transcriptase PCR. Anti-TLR2 and anti-TLR4 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) inhibited the IL-8 production induced by PGN and LTA as well as LPS, respectively, in IFN-gamma-primed oral epithelial cells, whereas neither MAb inhibited IL-8 production induced by MDP. These findings suggested that IFN-gamma primed oral epithelial cells to produce cytokines upon stimulation with various bacterial components by up-regulation of the TLR system.
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MESH Headings
- Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine/immunology
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology
- Antigens, Differentiation/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Differentiation/genetics
- Antigens, Surface/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Surface/genetics
- Child
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Cytokines/immunology
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Drosophila Proteins
- Epithelial Cells/drug effects
- Epithelial Cells/immunology
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Female
- Gingiva/drug effects
- Gingiva/immunology
- Gingiva/metabolism
- Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/immunology
- Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/metabolism
- Humans
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Interferon-gamma/pharmacology
- Interleukin-8/immunology
- Interleukin-8/metabolism
- Lipopolysaccharides/immunology
- Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology
- Lymphocyte Antigen 96
- Membrane Glycoproteins/biosynthesis
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88
- Peptidoglycan/immunology
- Peptidoglycan/pharmacology
- RNA/chemistry
- RNA/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Teichoic Acids/immunology
- Teichoic Acids/pharmacology
- Toll-Like Receptor 2
- Toll-Like Receptor 4
- Toll-Like Receptors
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Affiliation(s)
- A Uehara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575 Japan
| | - S Sugawara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575 Japan
| | - H Takada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575 Japan
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96
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Yamauchi T, Kuno T, Takada H, Mishima K, Nagura Y, Kanmatsuse K, Takahashi S. Visceral fat syndrome in hemodialysis patients. Clin Exp Nephrol 2002. [DOI: 10.1007/s101570200017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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97
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Senzaki H, Tsubura A, Takada H. Effect of eicosapentaenoic acid on the suppression of growth and metastasis of human breast cancer cells in vivo and in vitro. World Rev Nutr Diet 2002; 88:117-25. [PMID: 11935944 DOI: 10.1159/000059771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H Senzaki
- Department of Pathology II, Kansai Medical University, Japan.
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98
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99
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Endo Y, Yokochi T, Matsushita M, Fujita T, Takada H. Complement-dependent platelet degradation and anaphylactoid shock in mice induced by lipopolysaccharide carrying the mannose homopolymer. J Endotoxin Res 2002; 7:451-5. [PMID: 11753216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Intravenous injection of specified bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) induced anaphylactoid shock in mice of various strains, including LPS-resistant C3H/HeJ. The reaction was accompanied by occasional mortality of mice within 1 h. Prior to shock, rapid accumulation of blood platelets in the lungs and liver followed by degradation of platelets (or release of their contents) and tissue destruction were observed. In this study, LPS specimens carrying mannose-homopolymer (MHP), which markedly activate the human complement system through the lectin pathway, induced marked platelet degradation and anaphylactoid shock in BALB/c mice. In contrast, in C5-deficient DBA/2 mice, the platelet degradation and anaphylactoid reactions did not occur. Anti-complement agent K-76 COOH (C5 inhibitor) protected BALB/c mice from mortality in the anaphylactoid reaction. K-76 COOH also inhibited platelet degradation, but not accumulation, induced by LPS in mice. Based on these findings, we postulated that strong complement activation by specified LPS preparations induced degradation of platelets that have accumulated in the lungs and liver, resulting in acute inflammation accompanied by severe tissue destruction, especially in the lungs, which in turn leads to anaphylactoid reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Endo
- Tohoku University School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
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100
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Asaka T, Ikeuchi K, Okino S, Takizawa Y, Satake R, Nitta E, Komai K, Endo K, Higuchi S, Oyake T, Yoshimura T, Suenaga A, Uyama E, Saito T, Konagaya M, Sunohara N, Namba R, Takada H, Honke K, Nishina M, Tanaka H, Shinagawa M, Tanaka K, Matsushima A, Tsuji S, Takamori M. Homozygosity and linkage disequilibrium mapping of autosomal recessive distal myopathy (Nonaka distal myopathy). J Hum Genet 2002; 46:649-55. [PMID: 11721884 DOI: 10.1007/s100380170016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal recessive distal myopathy or Nonaka distal myopathy (NM) is characterized by its unique distribution of muscular weakness and wasting. The patients present with spared quadriceps muscles even in a late stage of the disease. The hamstring and tibialis anterior muscles are affected severely in early adulthood. We have localized the NM gene to the region between markers D9S319 and D9S276 on chromosome 9 by linkage analysis. To further refine the localization of the NM gene, we conducted homozygosity and linkage disequilibrium analysis for 14 patients from 11 NM families using 18 polymorphic markers. All of the patients from consanguineous NM families were found to be homozygous for six markers located within the region between markers D9S2178 and D9S1859. We also provided evidence for significant allelic associations between the NM region and five marker loci. Examination of the haplotype analysis identified a predominant ancestral haplotype comprising the associated alleles 199-160-154-109 (marker order: D9S2179-D9S2180-D9S2181-D9S1804), present in 60% of NM chromosomes and in 0% of parent chromosomes. On the basis of the data obtained in this study, the majority of NM chromosomes were derived from a single ancestral founder, and the NM gene is probably located within the 1.5-Mb region between markers D9S2178 and D9S1791.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Asaka
- Department of Neurology, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Japan.
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