51
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Mauro E, Crespo G, Montironi C, Londoño MC, Hernández-Gea V, Ruiz P, Sastre L, Lombardo J, Mariño Z, Díaz A, Colmenero J, Rimola A, Garcia-Pagán JC, Brunet M, Forns X, Navasa M. Portal pressure and liver stiffness measurements in the prediction of fibrosis regression after sustained virological response in recurrent hepatitis C. Hepatology 2018; 67:1683-1694. [PMID: 28960366 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Sustained virological response (SVR) improves survival in post-liver transplant (LT) recurrent hepatitis C. However, the impact of SVR on fibrosis regression is not well defined. In addition, the performance of noninvasive methods to evaluate the presence of fibrosis and portal hypertension (PH) post-SVR has been scarcely evaluated. We aimed to investigate the degree of fibrosis regression (decrease ≥1 METAVIR stage) after-SVR and its associated factors in recurrent hepatitis C, as well as the diagnostic capacity of noninvasive methods in the assessment of liver fibrosis and PH after viral clearance. We evaluated 112 hepatitis C virus-infected LT recipients who achieved SVR between 2001 and 2015. A liver biopsy was performed before treatment and 12 months post-SVR. Hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG), liver stiffness measurement (LSM), and Enhanced Liver Fibrosis (ELF) score were also determined at the same time points. Sixty-seven percent of the cohort presented fibrosis regression: 43% in recipients with cirrhosis and 72%-85% in the remaining stages (P = 0.002). HVPG, LSM, and ELF significantly decreased post-SVR. Liver function significantly improved, and survival was significantly better in patients achieving fibrosis regression. Baseline HVPG and LSM as well as decompensations before therapy were independent predictors of fibrosis regression. One year post-SVR, LSM had a high diagnostic accuracy to discard the presence of advanced fibrosis (AF) and clinically significant PH (AUROC, 0.902 and 0.888). CONCLUSION In conclusion, SVR post-LT induces fibrosis regression in most patients, leading to significant clinical benefits. Pretreatment HVPG and LSM are significant determinants of the likelihood of fibrosis regression. Finally, LSM accurately predicts the presence of AF and PH 1 year after SVR and thus can be used to determine monitoring strategies. (Hepatology 2018;67:1683-1694).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel Mauro
- Liver Transplant Unit, Liver Unit, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.,Liver Unit, Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gonzalo Crespo
- Liver Transplant Unit, Liver Unit, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Virginia Hernández-Gea
- Barcelona Hemodynamics Laboratory, Liver Unit, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Ruiz
- Liver Transplant Unit, Liver Unit, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lydia Sastre
- Liver Transplant Unit, Liver Unit, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julissa Lombardo
- Liver Transplant Unit, Liver Unit, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zoe Mariño
- Liver Unit, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Díaz
- Pathology Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Colmenero
- Liver Transplant Unit, Liver Unit, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Rimola
- Liver Transplant Unit, Liver Unit, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Garcia-Pagán
- Barcelona Hemodynamics Laboratory, Liver Unit, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercé Brunet
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Forns
- Liver Unit, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Navasa
- Liver Transplant Unit, Liver Unit, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
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52
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Llovet JM, Pavel M, Rimola J, Diaz MA, Colmenero J, Saavedra-Perez D, Fondevila C, Ayuso C, Fuster J, Ginès P, Bruix J, Garcia-Valdecasas JC. Pilot study of living donor liver transplantation for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma exceeding Milan Criteria (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer extended criteria). Liver Transpl 2018; 24:369-379. [PMID: 29140601 DOI: 10.1002/lt.24977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A subset of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) beyond Milan criteria might obtain acceptable survival outcomes after liver transplantation. Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) has emerged as a feasible alternative to overcome the paucity of donors. In 2001, we started a protocol for LDLT in Child A-B patients with HCC fulfilling a set of criteria-the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) expanded criteria-that expanded the conventional indications of transplantation: 1 tumor ≤ 7 cm, 5 tumors ≤ 3 cm, and 3 tumors ≤ 5 cm without macrovascular invasion or downstaging to Milan after locoregional therapies. We present a prospective cohort of 22 patients with BCLC extended indications based on size/number (n = 17) or downstaging (n = 5) treated with LDLT between 2001 and 2014. Characteristics of the patients were as follows: median age, 57 years old; males/female, n = 20/2; Child-Pugh A/B, n = 16/6; and alpha fetoprotein < 100 ng/mL, n = 21. Twelve patients received neoadjuvant locoregional therapies. At the time of transplantation, 12 patients had HCC staging beyond Milan criteria and 10 within. Pathological reports showed that 50% exceeded BCLC expanded criteria. Perioperative mortality was 0%. After a median follow-up of 81 months, the 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year survival was 95.5%, 86.4%, 80.2%, and 66.8%, respectively. Overall, 7 patients recurred (range, 9-108 months), and the 5-year and 10-year actuarial recurrence rates were 23.8% and 44.4%, respectively. In conclusion, a proper selection of candidates for extended indications of LDLT for HCC patients provide survival outcomes comparable to those obtained within the Milan criteria, but these results need confirmation. Liver Transplantation 24 369-379 2018 AASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep M Llovet
- Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Group, Liver Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Mount Sinai Liver Cancer Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mihai Pavel
- Liver Transplant Unit, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Rimola
- Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Group, Liver Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Maria Alba Diaz
- Pathology Department, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Colmenero
- Liver Transplant Unit, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Liver Unit, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases Institute, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | | | - Carmen Ayuso
- Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Group, Liver Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Fuster
- Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Group, Liver Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Liver Transplant Unit, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Pere Ginès
- Liver Transplant Unit, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Liver Unit, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases Institute, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Bruix
- Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Group, Liver Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Liver Unit, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases Institute, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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53
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Lombardo-Quezada J, Sanclemente G, Colmenero J, Español-Rego M, Arias MT, Ruiz P, Mauro E, Sastre L, Crespo G, Rimola A, Moreno A, Lozano F, Navasa M. Mannose-Binding Lectin-Deficient Donors Increase the Risk of Bacterial Infection and Bacterial Infection-Related Mortality After Liver Transplantation. Am J Transplant 2018; 18:197-206. [PMID: 28649744 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is synthesized by the liver and binds to microbes. MBL2 gene polymorphisms produce intermediate/low/null or normal MBL serum levels (MBL-deficient or MBL-sufficient phenotypes, respectively). We aimed to evaluate the incidence and severity of infection, rejection, and survival within 1 year after liver transplantation (LT) according to donor and recipient MBL2 gene polymorphisms. A repeated-event analysis for infection episodes (negative binomial regression, Andersen-Gill model) was performed in 240 LTs. Four hundred twenty-eight infectious episodes (310 bacterial, 15 fungal, 65 cytomegalovirus [CMV]-related, and 38 viral non-CMV-related episodes) and 48 rejection episodes were recorded. The main bacterial infections were urinary (n = 82, 26%) and pneumonia (n = 69, 22%). LT recipients of MBL-deficient livers had a higher risk of bacterial infection (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.48 [95% confidence interval 1.04-2.09], p = 0.028), pneumonia (IRR 2.4 [95% confidence interval 1.33-4.33], p = 0.013), and septic shock (IRR 5.62 [95% confidence interval 1.92-16.4], p = 0.002) compared with recipients of MBL-deficient livers. The 1-year bacterial infection-related mortality was higher in recipients of MBL-deficient versus MBL-sufficient livers (65.8% vs. 56.1%, respectively; p = 0.0097). The incidence of rejection, viral, or fungal infection was similar in both groups. Recipient MBL2 genotype did not significantly increase the risk of bacterial infection. LT recipients of MBL-deficient livers have a higher risk of bacterial infection, pneumonia, septic shock, and 1-year bacterial infection-related mortality after LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lombardo-Quezada
- Liver Transplant Unit, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Sanclemente
- Infectious Diseases Department, REIPI, Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Colmenero
- Liver Transplant Unit, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Español-Rego
- Immunology Department, Center of Biomedical Diagnosis, Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M T Arias
- Immunology Department, Center of Biomedical Diagnosis, Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Ruiz
- Liver Transplant Unit, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Mauro
- Liver Transplant Unit, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Sastre
- Liver Transplant Unit, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Crespo
- Liver Transplant Unit, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Rimola
- Liver Transplant Unit, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Moreno
- Infectious Diseases Department, REIPI, Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Lozano
- Immunology Department, Center of Biomedical Diagnosis, Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Navasa
- Liver Transplant Unit, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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54
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Abstract
Non-simple viscosity response of 2E1H alcohol forming supramolecular aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Arrese-Igor
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU)
- Materials Physics Center (MPC)
- 20018 San Sebastián
- Spain
| | - A. Alegría
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU)
- Materials Physics Center (MPC)
- 20018 San Sebastián
- Spain
- Departamento de Física de Materiales UPV/EHU
| | - J. Colmenero
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU)
- Materials Physics Center (MPC)
- 20018 San Sebastián
- Spain
- Departamento de Física de Materiales UPV/EHU
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55
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Pascasio JM, Vinaixa C, Ferrer MT, Colmenero J, Rubin A, Castells L, Manzano ML, Lorente S, Testillano M, Xiol X, Molina E, González-Diéguez L, Otón E, Pascual S, Santos B, Herrero JI, Salcedo M, Montero JL, Sánchez-Antolín G, Narváez I, Nogueras F, Giráldez Á, Prieto M, Forns X, Londoño MC. Clinical outcomes of patients undergoing antiviral therapy while awaiting liver transplantation. J Hepatol 2017; 67:1168-1176. [PMID: 28842296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Antiviral therapy for the treatment of hepatitis C (HCV) infection has proved to be safe and efficacious in patients with cirrhosis awaiting liver transplantation (LT). However, the information regarding the clinical impact of viral eradication in patients on the waiting list is still limited. The aim of the study was to investigate the probability of delisting in patients who underwent antiviral therapy, and the clinical outcomes of these delisted patients. METHODS Observational, multicenter and retrospective analysis was carried out on prospectively collected data from patients positive for HCV, treated with an interferon-free regimen, while awaiting LT in 18 hospitals in Spain. RESULTS In total, 238 patients were enrolled in the study. The indication for LT was decompensated cirrhosis (with or without hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC]) in 171 (72%) patients, and HCC in 67 (28%) patients. Sustained virologic response (SVR) rate was significantly higher in patients with compensated cirrhosis and HCC (92% vs. 83% in patients with decompensated cirrhosis with or without HCC, p=0.042). Among 122 patients with decompensated cirrhosis without HCC, 29 (24%) were delisted due to improvement. No patient with baseline MELD score >20 was delisted. After delisting (median follow-up of 88weeks), three patients had clinical decompensations and three had de novo HCC. Only two of the patients with HCC had to be re-admitted onto the waiting list. The remaining 23 patients remained stable, with no indication for LT. CONCLUSIONS Antiviral therapy is safe and efficacious in patients awaiting LT. A quarter of patients with decompensated cirrhosis can be delisted asa result of clinical improvement, which appears to be remain stable in most patients. Thus, delisting is a safe strategy that could spare organs and benefit other patients with a more urgent need. LAY SUMMARY Antiviral therapy in patients awaiting liver transplantation is safe and efficacious. Viral eradication allows removal from the waiting list of a quarter of treated patients. Delisting because of clinical improvement is a safe strategy that can spare organs for patients in urgent need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Pascasio
- UGC Digestive Diseases, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, IBIS, CIBERehd, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carmen Vinaixa
- Liver Unit, Digestive Medicine Service, Hospital Universitario La Fé, CIBERehd, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Teresa Ferrer
- UGC Digestive Diseases, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, IBIS, CIBERehd, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jordi Colmenero
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angel Rubin
- Liver Unit, Digestive Medicine Service, Hospital Universitario La Fé, CIBERehd, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lluis Castells
- Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Luisa Manzano
- Digestive Diseases Service, Hospital Universitario 12 Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Lorente
- Liver Transplant Unit, Digestive Diseases Service, Hospital Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Milagros Testillano
- Liver Unit, Digestive Diseases Service, Hospital Universitario Cruces, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Xavier Xiol
- Digestive Diseases Service, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Molina
- Abdominal Transplant Unit, CHU Santiago de Compostela, IDIS, Santiago, Spain
| | | | - Elena Otón
- Digestive Diseases Service, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Sonia Pascual
- Liver Unit, Hospital General Universitario, CIBERehd, Alicante, Spain
| | - Begoña Santos
- Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Magdalena Salcedo
- Liver Transplant Unit, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, CIBERehd, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Montero
- UGC Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - Isidoro Narváez
- Digestive Diseases Service, Hospital Universitario Infanta Cristina, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Flor Nogueras
- Digestive Diseases Service, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Álvaro Giráldez
- UGC Digestive Diseases, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, IBIS, CIBERehd, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Martín Prieto
- Liver Unit, Digestive Medicine Service, Hospital Universitario La Fé, CIBERehd, Valencia, Spain
| | - Xavier Forns
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
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Colmenero J, Sancho-Bru P. Mesenchymal stromal cells for immunomodulatory cell therapy in liver transplantation: One step at a time. J Hepatol 2017; 67:7-9. [PMID: 28435042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Colmenero
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Sancho-Bru
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain.
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57
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Ruiz P, Sastre L, Crespo G, Blasi A, Colmenero J, García-Valdecasas JC, Navasa M. Increased risk of portal vein thrombosis in patients with autoimmune hepatitis on the liver transplantation waiting list. Clin Transplant 2017; 31. [DOI: 10.1111/ctr.13001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Ruiz
- Liver Transplant Unit; Hospital Clínic de Barcelona; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd); University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Lydia Sastre
- Liver Transplant Unit; Hospital Clínic de Barcelona; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd); University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Gonzalo Crespo
- Liver Transplant Unit; Hospital Clínic de Barcelona; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd); University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Annabel Blasi
- Liver Transplant Unit; Hospital Clínic de Barcelona; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd); University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Jordi Colmenero
- Liver Transplant Unit; Hospital Clínic de Barcelona; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd); University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Juan Carlos García-Valdecasas
- Liver Transplant Unit; Hospital Clínic de Barcelona; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd); University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Miquel Navasa
- Liver Transplant Unit; Hospital Clínic de Barcelona; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd); University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
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58
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Rodríguez-Perálvarez M, De Luca L, Crespo G, Rubin Á, Marín S, Benlloch S, Colmenero J, Berenguer M, Navasa M, Tsochatzis E, De la Mata M. An objective definition for clinical suspicion of T-cell-mediated rejection after liver transplantation. Clin Transplant 2017; 31. [DOI: 10.1111/ctr.13005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Rodríguez-Perálvarez
- Department of Hepatology and Liver Transplantation; Reina Sofía University Hospital; IMIBIC; CIBERehd; Córdoba Spain
| | - Laura De Luca
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health and Sheila Sherlock Liver Unit; Royal Free Hospital and UCL; London UK
| | - Gonzalo Crespo
- Liver Transplant Unit; Hospital Clinic; IDIBAPS; CIBERehd; Barcelona Spain
| | - Ángel Rubin
- Hepatology and Liver Transplantation Unit; La Fe University Hospital; CIBERehd; Valencia Spain
| | - Sandra Marín
- Department of Hepatology and Liver Transplantation; Reina Sofía University Hospital; IMIBIC; CIBERehd; Córdoba Spain
| | - Salvador Benlloch
- Hepatology and Liver Transplantation Unit; La Fe University Hospital; CIBERehd; Valencia Spain
| | - Jordi Colmenero
- Liver Transplant Unit; Hospital Clinic; IDIBAPS; CIBERehd; Barcelona Spain
| | - Marina Berenguer
- Hepatology and Liver Transplantation Unit; La Fe University Hospital; CIBERehd; Valencia Spain
| | - Miguel Navasa
- Liver Transplant Unit; Hospital Clinic; IDIBAPS; CIBERehd; Barcelona Spain
| | - Emmanuel Tsochatzis
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health and Sheila Sherlock Liver Unit; Royal Free Hospital and UCL; London UK
| | - Manuel De la Mata
- Department of Hepatology and Liver Transplantation; Reina Sofía University Hospital; IMIBIC; CIBERehd; Córdoba Spain
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59
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Sendino O, Fernández-Simon A, Law R, Abu Dayyeh B, Leise M, Chavez-Rivera K, Cordova H, Colmenero J, Crespo G, Rodriguez de Miguel C, Fondevila C, Llach J, Navasa M, Baron T, Cárdenas A. Endoscopic management of bile leaks after liver transplantation: An analysis of two high-volume transplant centers. United European Gastroenterol J 2017; 6:89-96. [PMID: 29435318 DOI: 10.1177/2050640617712869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bile leak after liver transplantation (LT) is commonly treated with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP); however, there are limited data regarding the optimal treatment strategy. Objective We aimed to examine the role of ERCP in LT recipients with bile leaks at two large institutions. Methods We reviewed all ERCPs performed in LT recipients with bile leak and duct-to-duct biliary anastomosis at two high-volume transplant centers. Results Eighty patients were included. Forty-seven (59%) patients underwent ERCP with plastic stent placement (with or without sphincterotomy) and 33 patients (41%) underwent sphincterotomy alone. Complete resolution was obtained in 94% of the stent group vs. 58% of the sphincterotomy group (p < 0.01). There was no difference in three-month survival among both groups. Percutaneous transhepatic therapy and surgery were required in 4% and 6% in the stent group vs. 12% and 42% in the sphincterotomy group, respectively (p = 0.22 and p < 0.001). The only predictive factor of bile leak resolution was stent placement. Conclusion ERCP with plastic stent placement is highly successful and more effective than sphincterotomy alone for post-LT bile leak treatment. These results indicate that ERCP and plastic stent placement should be considered the standard of care for the treatment of bile leaks in LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Sendino
- GI/Endoscopy Unit, Institut de Malalties Digestives i Metabòliques, Hospital Clínic, and University of Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi-Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Ciber de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Fernández-Simon
- GI/Endoscopy Unit, Institut de Malalties Digestives i Metabòliques, Hospital Clínic, and University of Barcelona, Spain.,GI Unit, Hospital Sant Joan Despí Moises Broggi, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ryan Law
- Department of Medicine and Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, MI, USA
| | - Barham Abu Dayyeh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Michael Leise
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Karina Chavez-Rivera
- GI/Endoscopy Unit, Institut de Malalties Digestives i Metabòliques, Hospital Clínic, and University of Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi-Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Ciber de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Henry Cordova
- GI/Endoscopy Unit, Institut de Malalties Digestives i Metabòliques, Hospital Clínic, and University of Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi-Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Ciber de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Colmenero
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi-Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Ciber de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain.,Liver Unit, Institut de Malalties Digestives i Metabòliques, Hospital Clínic and University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Crespo
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi-Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Ciber de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain.,Liver Unit, Institut de Malalties Digestives i Metabòliques, Hospital Clínic and University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Rodriguez de Miguel
- GI/Endoscopy Unit, Institut de Malalties Digestives i Metabòliques, Hospital Clínic, and University of Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi-Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Ciber de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Constantino Fondevila
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi-Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Ciber de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain.,General and Digestive Surgery, Institut de Malalties Digestives i Metabòliques, Hospital Clínic, and University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Llach
- GI/Endoscopy Unit, Institut de Malalties Digestives i Metabòliques, Hospital Clínic, and University of Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi-Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Ciber de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Navasa
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi-Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Ciber de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain.,Liver Unit, Institut de Malalties Digestives i Metabòliques, Hospital Clínic and University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Todd Baron
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Andrés Cárdenas
- GI/Endoscopy Unit, Institut de Malalties Digestives i Metabòliques, Hospital Clínic, and University of Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi-Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Ciber de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain.,Liver Unit, Institut de Malalties Digestives i Metabòliques, Hospital Clínic and University of Barcelona, Spain
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60
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Arrese-Igor S, Alegría A, Colmenero J. On the non-exponentiality of the dielectric Debye-like relaxation of monoalcohols. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:114502. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4978585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. Arrese-Igor
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Materials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - A. Alegría
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Materials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Departamento de Física de Materiales UPV/EHU, Apartado 1072, 20080 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - J. Colmenero
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Materials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Departamento de Física de Materiales UPV/EHU, Apartado 1072, 20080 San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center DIPC, Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
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61
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Blasi A, Hernandez V, Fernandez J, Colmenero J, Beltran J, Garcia-Valdecasas JC, Reverter JC. Venous Thrombotic Events After Liver Transplantation. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2016; 24:317-322. [PMID: 27899521 DOI: 10.1177/1076029616680477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Thromboprophylaxis is not well defined after liver transplantation (LT). The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of splanchnic vein thrombosis (SVT) and nonsplanchnic vein thrombosis (NSVT) after LT. Liver transplantations performed between 2009 and 2013 in our institution were reviewed. Demographic, intraoperative, and postoperative data were recorded. Low-molecular-weight heparin was only administered postoperatively if intraoperative thrombectomy was performed or in patients preoperatively anticoagulated. Of a total of 328 patients, 72% were male with a median age of 56 years, score of model for end-stage liver disease 18 (11-23), and 88% had liver cirrhosis. The incidence of postoperative venous thrombotic events was 4.6%: 8 (2.4%) patients had SVT and 7 (2.1%) patients had NSVT. After logistic regression analysis, intraoperative thrombectomy and Child A classification emerged as risk factors for SVT (odds ratio [OR]: 77, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 14-421) and NSVT (OR: 20, 95% CI: 3-170), respectively. The incidence of SVT in patients who undergo intraoperative thrombectomy was 33%, whereas the incidence of NSVT in patients grouped as Child A was 7.5%. Our results suggest that thromboprophylaxis should be considered after LT in patients with cirrhosis grouped as Child A and in patients who undergo intraoperative thrombectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabel Blasi
- 1 Anesthesia Department, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Virginia Hernandez
- 2 Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Fernandez
- 3 Hepatology Department, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Colmenero
- 3 Hepatology Department, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Beltran
- 1 Anesthesia Department, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Joan Carles Reverter
- 5 Hemotherapy Hemostasis Department, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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62
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Arbe A, Pomposo J, Moreno A, LoVerso F, González-Burgos M, Asenjo-Sanz I, Iturrospe A, Radulescu A, Ivanova O, Colmenero J. Structure and dynamics of single-chain nano-particles in solution. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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63
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Arbe A, Malo de Molina P, Alvarez F, Frick B, Colmenero J. Dielectric Susceptibility of Liquid Water: Microscopic Insights from Coherent and Incoherent Neutron Scattering. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 117:185501. [PMID: 27834987 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.185501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of neutron scattering results on H dynamics (H_{2}O) and the dynamic structure factor (D_{2}O) around the intermolecular peak and at intermediate length scales in terms of the susceptibilities reveals three processes (diffusive, local relaxational and vibrational) at frequencies below 3 THz, to which the contributions commonly invoked in dielectric studies can be directly mapped. We achieve a unified description of the results from both techniques, clarifying the nature of the molecular motions involved in the dielectric spectra and their impact on the structural relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Arbe
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM) (CSIC-UPV/EHU)-Materials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - P Malo de Molina
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM) (CSIC-UPV/EHU)-Materials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - F Alvarez
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM) (CSIC-UPV/EHU)-Materials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Departamento de Física de Materiales (UPV/EHU), Apartado 1072, 20080 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - B Frick
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 20156, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - J Colmenero
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM) (CSIC-UPV/EHU)-Materials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Departamento de Física de Materiales (UPV/EHU), Apartado 1072, 20080 San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
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64
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Monegal A, Peris P, Alsina M, Colmenero J, Guañabens N. Development of multiorganic calciphylaxis during teriparatide, vitamin D, and calcium treatment. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:2631-4. [PMID: 27010647 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-016-3571-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Non-uremic calciphylaxis is a severe rare disorder characterized by ischemic necrosis. Recently, three cases of cutaneous calciphylaxis have been described in the context of teriparatide treatment. We present a 51-year-old woman with alcoholic cirrhosis who developed multiorganic calciphylaxis shortly after starting teriparatide treatment associated with calcium and 25-hydroxyvitamin D supplements for severe osteoporosis. After lengthy care of the infectious complications and treatment with bisphosphonates and sodium thiosulfate progressive improvement was observed over a 3-year period. The time between the initiation of teriparatide and the development of calciphylaxis suggests that this agent may have been the triggering factor of this process. Nevertheless, other non-negligible risk factors for calciphylaxis such as alcoholic liver disease, obesity, and vitamin D treatment must also be considered in this patient. Considering the severity of this extremely rare clinical condition, better knowledge of the risk factors related to calciphylaxis development is mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Monegal
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Clínic. CIBERehd, University of Barcelona, C/Villarroel 170, Barcelona, 08036, Spain.
| | - P Peris
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Clínic. CIBERehd, University of Barcelona, C/Villarroel 170, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - M Alsina
- Department Dermatology, Hospital Clínic. CIBERehd, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Colmenero
- Department of Hepatology Unit, Hospital Clínic. CIBERehd, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Guañabens
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Clínic. CIBERehd, University of Barcelona, C/Villarroel 170, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
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65
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Colmenero
- Liver Transplant Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Biomedical Research Networking Center Consortium - Digestive and Liver Diseases (CIBERehd), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Navasa
- Liver Transplant Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Biomedical Research Networking Center Consortium - Digestive and Liver Diseases (CIBERehd), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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66
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Goracci G, Arbe A, Alegría A, Su Y, Gasser U, Colmenero J. Structure and component dynamics in binary mixtures of poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) with water and tetrahydrofuran: A diffraction, calorimetric, and dielectric spectroscopy study. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:154903. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4946004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G. Goracci
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM) (CSIC–UPV/EHU)—Materials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - A. Arbe
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM) (CSIC–UPV/EHU)—Materials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - A. Alegría
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM) (CSIC–UPV/EHU)—Materials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Departamento de Física de Materiales (UPV/EHU), Apartado 1072, 20080 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Y. Su
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Outstation at MLZ, Lichtenbergstraße 1, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - U. Gasser
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - J. Colmenero
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM) (CSIC–UPV/EHU)—Materials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Departamento de Física de Materiales (UPV/EHU), Apartado 1072, 20080 San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
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67
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Crespo G, Castro-Narro G, García-Juárez I, Benítez C, Ruiz P, Sastre L, Colmenero J, Miquel R, Sánchez-Fueyo A, Forns X, Navasa M. Usefulness of liver stiffness measurement during acute cellular rejection in liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2016; 22:298-304. [PMID: 26609794 DOI: 10.1002/lt.24376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Liver stiffness measurement (LSM) is a useful method to estimate liver fibrosis and portal hypertension. The inflammatory process that takes place in post-liver transplant acute cellular rejection (ACR) may also increase liver stiffness. We aimed to explore the association between liver stiffness and the severity of ACR, as well as to assess the relationship between liver stiffness and response to rejection treatment in a prospective study that included 27 liver recipients with biopsy-proven ACR, 30 stable recipients with normal liver tests, and 30 hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected LT recipients with histologically diagnosed HCV recurrence. Patients with rejection were stratified into 2 groups (mild and moderate/severe) according to the severity of rejection evaluated with the Banff score. Routine biomarkers and LSM with FibroScan were performed at the time of liver biopsy (baseline) and at 7, 30, and 90 days in patients with rejection and at baseline in control patients. Median baseline liver stiffness was 5.9 kPa in the mild rejection group, 11 kPa in the moderate/severe group (P = 0.001), 4.2 kPa in stable recipients (P = 0.02 versus mild rejection), and 13.6 kPa in patients with recurrent HCV (P = 0.17 versus moderate/severe rejection). The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of LSM to discriminate mild versus moderate/severe ACR was 0.924, and a LSM value of 8.5 kPa yielded a positive predictive value of 100% to diagnose moderate/severe rejection. Liver stiffness improved in 7%, 21%, and 64% of patients with moderate/severe rejection at 7, 30, and 90 days. In conclusion, according to the results of this exploratory study, LSM is associated with the severity of ACR in liver transplantation and thus may be of help in its assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Graciela Castro-Narro
- Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico DF, Mexico
| | - Ignacio García-Juárez
- Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico DF, Mexico
| | - Carlos Benítez
- Liver Transplant Unit, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Pablo Ruiz
- Liver Unit, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lydia Sastre
- Liver Unit, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Rosa Miquel
- Pathology Department, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Xavier Forns
- Liver Unit, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Navasa
- Liver Unit, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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68
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Rodriguez E, Henrique Pereira G, Solà E, Elia C, Barreto R, Pose E, Colmenero J, Fernandez J, Navasa M, Arroyo V, Ginès P. Treatment of type 2 hepatorenal syndrome in patients awaiting transplantation: Effects on kidney function and transplantation outcomes. Liver Transpl 2015; 21:1347-54. [PMID: 26178066 DOI: 10.1002/lt.24210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is little information on the effects of treatment with vasoconstrictors plus albumin in patients with type 2 hepatorenal syndrome (HRS), particularly those awaiting liver transplantation (LT). This study reports the effects of treatment of type 2 HRS in patients on the waiting list for LT. We included 56 patients with type 2 HRS who were awaiting LT. Out of these 56 patients, 31 were treated with terlipressin and albumin. Nineteen (61%) of these 31 patients had response to therapy, and 11 of them relapsed after treatment withdrawal. There were no differences in mortality on the waiting list between responders and nonresponders. Among the 46 (82%) patients who underwent transplantation, 15 underwent transplantation with reversal of type 2 HRS, whereas the remaining 31 underwent transplantation with type 2 HRS. There were no significant differences in serum creatinine or estimated glomerular filtration rate between the 2 cohorts of patients at 3, 6, and 12 months after transplantation. There were no significant differences regarding development of acute kidney injury, need for renal replacement therapy, frequency of chronic kidney disease 1 year after transplant, length of hospitalization, and survival. In conclusion, treatment of patients with type 2 HRS with terlipressin and albumin does not appear to have beneficial effects either in pretransplantation or in posttransplantation outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel Rodriguez
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August-Pi-Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Nefrológica (IRSIN)
| | - Gustavo Henrique Pereira
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August-Pi-Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Nefrológica (IRSIN)
| | - Elsa Solà
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August-Pi-Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Nefrológica (IRSIN)
| | - Chiara Elia
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August-Pi-Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Nefrológica (IRSIN)
| | - Rogelio Barreto
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August-Pi-Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Nefrológica (IRSIN)
| | - Elisa Pose
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August-Pi-Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Nefrológica (IRSIN)
| | - Jordi Colmenero
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August-Pi-Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Javier Fernandez
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August-Pi-Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miquel Navasa
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August-Pi-Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Vicente Arroyo
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August-Pi-Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Nefrológica (IRSIN)
| | - Pere Ginès
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August-Pi-Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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69
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Goracci G, Arbe A, Alegría A, Lohstroh W, Su Y, Colmenero J. Dynamics of tetrahydrofuran as minority component in a mixture with poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate): A neutron scattering and dielectric spectroscopy investigation. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:094505. [PMID: 26342375 DOI: 10.1063/1.4929906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have investigated a mixture of poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) (70 wt. % PDMAEMA/30 wt. % THF) by combining dielectric spectroscopy and quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) on a labelled sample, focusing on the dynamics of the THF molecules. Two independent processes have been identified. The "fast" one has been qualified as due to an internal motion of the THF ring leading to hydrogen displacements of about 3 Å with rather broadly distributed activation energies. The "slow" process is characterized by an Arrhenius-like temperature dependence of the characteristic time which persists over more than 9 orders of magnitude in time. The QENS results evidence the confined nature of this process, determining a size of about 8 Å for the volume within which THF hydrogens' motions are restricted. In a complementary way, we have also investigated the structural features of the sample. This study suggests that THF molecules are well dispersed among side-groups nano-domains in the polymer matrix, ruling out a significant presence of clusters of solvent. Such a good dispersion, together with a rich mobility of the local environment, would prevent cooperativity effects to develop for the structural relaxation of solvent molecules, frustrating thereby the emergence of Vogel-Fulcher-like behavior, at least in the whole temperature interval investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Goracci
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM) (CSIC-UPV/EHU)-Materials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - A Arbe
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM) (CSIC-UPV/EHU)-Materials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - A Alegría
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM) (CSIC-UPV/EHU)-Materials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - W Lohstroh
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Y Su
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Outstation at MLZ, Lichtenbergstraße 1, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - J Colmenero
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM) (CSIC-UPV/EHU)-Materials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
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Colmenero J. The universal trend of the non-exponential Rouse mode relaxation in polymer systems: a theoretical interpretation based on a generalized Langevin equation. Soft Matter 2015; 11:5614-5618. [PMID: 26091238 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm00790a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We show that the universal behavior of the Rouse-mode relaxation in polymer systems - which has been recently reported from experimental data [S. Arrese-Igor, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 2014, 113, 078302] - can be quantitatively explained in the framework of a theoretical approach based on: (i) a generalized Langevin equation formalism and (ii) a memory function which takes into account the coupling between intra-chain dynamics and collective dynamics. This approach opens the way for generalizing the magnitudes probing chain dynamics in polymer systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Colmenero
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Materials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain.
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71
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Arrese-Igor S, Alegría A, Colmenero J. Dielectric relaxation of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol around the glass transition by thermally stimulated depolarization currents. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:214504. [PMID: 26049505 DOI: 10.1063/1.4921655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We explore new routes for characterizing the Debye-like and α relaxation in 2-ethyl-1-hexanol (2E1H) monoalcohol by using low frequency dielectric techniques including thermally stimulated depolarization current (TSDC) techniques and isothermal depolarization current methods. In this way, we have improved the resolution of the overlapped processes making it possible the analysis of the data in terms of a mode composition as expected for a chain-like response. Furthermore the explored ultralow frequencies enabled to study dynamics at relatively low temperatures close to the glass transition (Tg). Results show, on the one hand, that Debye-like and α relaxation timescales dramatically approach to each other upon decreasing temperature to Tg. On the other hand, the analysis of partial polarization TSDC data confirms the single exponential character of the Debye-like relaxation in 2E1H and rules out the presence of Rouse type modes in the scenario of a chain-like response. Finally, on crossing the glass transition, the Debye-like relaxation shows non-equilibrium effects which are further emphasized by aging treatment and would presumably emerge as a result of the arrest of the structural relaxation below Tg.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Arrese-Igor
- Centro de de Física de Materiales (MPC), Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - A Alegría
- Centro de de Física de Materiales (MPC), Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - J Colmenero
- Centro de de Física de Materiales (MPC), Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
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72
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Colmenero J. Are polymers standard glass-forming systems? The role of intramolecular barriers on the glass-transition phenomena of glass-forming polymers. J Phys Condens Matter 2015; 27:103101. [PMID: 25634723 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/10/103101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, polymer melts have been considered archetypal glass-formers. This has been mainly due to the fact that these systems can easily be obtained as glasses by cooling from the melt, even at low cooling rates. However, the macromolecules, i.e. the structural units of polymer systems in general, are rather different from the standard molecules. They are long objects ('chains') made by repetition of a given chemical motif (monomer) and have intra-macromolecular barriers that limit their flexibility. The influence of these properties on, for instance, the glass-transition temperature of polymers, is a topic that has been widely studied by the polymer community almost from the early times of polymer science. However, in the framework of the glass-community, the relevant influence of intra-macromolecular barriers and chain connectivity on glass-transition phenomena of polymers has started to be recognized only recently. The aim of this review is to give an overview and to critically revise the results reported on this topic over the last years. From these results, it seems to be evident that there are two different mechanisms involved in the dynamic arrest in glass-forming polymers: (i) the intermolecular packing effects, which dominate the dynamic arrest of low molecular weight glass-forming systems; and (ii) the effect of intra-macromolecular barriers combined with chain connectivity. It has also been shown that the mode coupling theory (MCT) is a suitable theoretical framework to discuss these questions. The values found for polymers for the central MCT parameter--the so-called λ-exponent--are of the order of 0.9, clearly higher than the standard values (λ ≈ 0.7) found in systems where the dynamic arrest is mainly driven by packing effects ('standard' glass-formers). Within the MCT, this is a signature of the presence of two competing mechanisms of dynamic arrest, as it has been observed in short-ranged attractive colloids or two component mixtures with dynamic asymmetry. Moreover, recent MD-simulations of a 'bead-spring' polymer model, but including intra-macromolecular potential of different strengths, confirm that the high λ-values found in polymers are due to the effect of intra-macromolecular barriers. Although there are still open questions, these results allow to conclude that there is a fundamental difference between the nature of the glass transition in polymers and in simple (standard) glass-formers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Colmenero
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU) and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
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73
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Hoyo I, Sanclemente G, de la Bellacasa JP, Cofán F, Ricart M, Cardona M, Colmenero J, Fernández J, Escorsell A, Navasa M, Moreno A, Cervera C. Epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and outcome of invasive aspergillosis in renal transplant patients. Transpl Infect Dis 2014; 16:951-957. [DOI: 10.1111/tid.12301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Hoyo
- Department of Infectious Diseases; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona - Institut d'investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) - University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - G. Sanclemente
- Department of Infectious Diseases; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona - Institut d'investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) - University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - J. Puig de la Bellacasa
- Microbiology, “Centre Diagnòstic Biomèdic” (CDB); Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB); Hospital Clinic of Barcelona - IDIBAPS - University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - F. Cofán
- Renal Transplant Unit; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona - IDIBAPS - University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - M.J. Ricart
- Renal Transplant Unit; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona - IDIBAPS - University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - M. Cardona
- Heart Transplant Unit; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona - IDIBAPS - University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - J. Colmenero
- Liver Transplant Unit; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona - IDIBAPS - University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - J. Fernández
- Liver Transplant Unit; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona - IDIBAPS - University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - A. Escorsell
- Liver Transplant Unit; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona - IDIBAPS - University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - M. Navasa
- Liver Transplant Unit; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona - IDIBAPS - University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - A. Moreno
- Department of Infectious Diseases; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona - Institut d'investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) - University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - C. Cervera
- Department of Infectious Diseases; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona - Institut d'investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) - University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
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74
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Arrese-Igor S, Alegría A, Colmenero J. Chain Dynamics on Crossing the Glass Transition: Nonequilibrium Effects and Recovery of the Temperature Dependence of the Structural Relaxation. ACS Macro Lett 2014; 3:1215-1219. [PMID: 35610828 DOI: 10.1021/mz500508t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we report thermally stimulated depolarization current results on the chain and segmental dynamics of two monodisperse polyisoprenes accessing both dynamics at ultralow frequency range and exploring the relationship between segmental and chain time scales when crossing the glass transition. In this range, we have recorded experimental evidence of nonequilibrium effects on the slowest chain mode dynamics. The nonequilibrium effects seem to occur simultaneously for both chain and α-relaxation. Moreover, detailed analysis strongly indicates the recovery of an even T-dependence for the chain and α-relaxation dynamics on crossing glass transition and in the glassy state. The obtained results can be understood taking into account the different temperature dependences of the length scales involved in the segmental and chain relaxations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Arrese-Igor
- Centro
de Física de Materiales (MPC), Centro mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo
Manuel Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - A. Alegría
- Centro
de Física de Materiales (MPC), Centro mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo
Manuel Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Departamento
de Física de Materiales UPV/EHU, Apartado 1072, 20080 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - J. Colmenero
- Centro
de Física de Materiales (MPC), Centro mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo
Manuel Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Departamento
de Física de Materiales UPV/EHU, Apartado 1072, 20080 San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
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75
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Briceño J, Cruz-Ramírez M, Prieto M, Navasa M, Ortiz de Urbina J, Orti R, Gómez-Bravo MÁ, Otero A, Varo E, Tomé S, Clemente G, Bañares R, Bárcena R, Cuervas-Mons V, Solórzano G, Vinaixa C, Rubín A, Colmenero J, Valdivieso A, Ciria R, Hervás-Martínez C, de la Mata M. Use of artificial intelligence as an innovative donor-recipient matching model for liver transplantation: results from a multicenter Spanish study. J Hepatol 2014; 61:1020-8. [PMID: 24905493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS There is an increasing discrepancy between the number of potential liver graft recipients and the number of organs available. Organ allocation should follow the concept of benefit of survival, avoiding human-innate subjectivity. The aim of this study is to use artificial-neural-networks (ANNs) for donor-recipient (D-R) matching in liver transplantation (LT) and to compare its accuracy with validated scores (MELD, D-MELD, DRI, P-SOFT, SOFT, and BAR) of graft survival. METHODS 64 donor and recipient variables from a set of 1003 LTs from a multicenter study including 11 Spanish centres were included. For each D-R pair, common statistics (simple and multiple regression models) and ANN formulae for two non-complementary probability-models of 3-month graft-survival and -loss were calculated: a positive-survival (NN-CCR) and a negative-loss (NN-MS) model. The NN models were obtained by using the Neural Net Evolutionary Programming (NNEP) algorithm. Additionally, receiver-operating-curves (ROC) were performed to validate ANNs against other scores. RESULTS Optimal results for NN-CCR and NN-MS models were obtained, with the best performance in predicting the probability of graft-survival (90.79%) and -loss (71.42%) for each D-R pair, significantly improving results from multiple regressions. ROC curves for 3-months graft-survival and -loss predictions were significantly more accurate for ANN than for other scores in both NN-CCR (AUROC-ANN=0.80 vs. -MELD=0.50; -D-MELD=0.54; -P-SOFT=0.54; -SOFT=0.55; -BAR=0.67 and -DRI=0.42) and NN-MS (AUROC-ANN=0.82 vs. -MELD=0.41; -D-MELD=0.47; -P-SOFT=0.43; -SOFT=0.57, -BAR=0.61 and -DRI=0.48). CONCLUSIONS ANNs may be considered a powerful decision-making technology for this dataset, optimizing the principles of justice, efficiency and equity. This may be a useful tool for predicting the 3-month outcome and a potential research area for future D-R matching models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Briceño
- Liver Transplantation Unit, CIBERehd, IMIBIC, Hospital Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Manuel Cruz-Ramírez
- Department of Computer Science and Numerical Analysis, University of Córdoba, Spain
| | - Martín Prieto
- Liver Transplantation Unit, CIBERehd, Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Navasa
- Liver Transplantation Unit, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Rafael Orti
- Liver Transplantation Unit, CIBERehd, IMIBIC, Hospital Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - Alejandra Otero
- Liver Transplantation Unit, Hospital Juan Canalejo, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Evaristo Varo
- Liver Transplantation Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Santiago Tomé
- Liver Transplantation Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Gerardo Clemente
- Liver Transplantation Unit, Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Bañares
- Liver Transplantation Unit, Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Bárcena
- Liver Transplantation Unit, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Carmen Vinaixa
- Liver Transplantation Unit, CIBERehd, Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Angel Rubín
- Liver Transplantation Unit, CIBERehd, Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jordi Colmenero
- Liver Transplantation Unit, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Rubén Ciria
- Liver Transplantation Unit, CIBERehd, IMIBIC, Hospital Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - Manuel de la Mata
- Liver Transplantation Unit, CIBERehd, IMIBIC, Hospital Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
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76
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Wedd J, Bambha KM, Stotts M, Laskey H, Colmenero J, Gralla J, Biggins SW. Stage of cirrhosis predicts the risk of liver-related death in patients with low Model for End-Stage Liver Disease scores and cirrhosis awaiting liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2014; 20:1193-201. [PMID: 24916539 PMCID: PMC4177271 DOI: 10.1002/lt.23929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score has reduced predictive ability in patients with cirrhosis and MELD scores ≤ 20. We aimed to assess whether a 5-stage clinical model could identify liver transplantation (LT) candidates with low MELD scores who are at increased risk for death. We conducted a case-control study of subjects with cirrhosis and MELD scores ≤ 20 who were awaiting LT at a single academic medical center between February 2002 and May 2011. Conditional logistic regression was used to evaluate the risk of liver-related death according to the cirrhosis stage. We identified 41 case subjects who died from liver-related causes with MELD scores ≤ 20 within 90 days of death while they were waiting for LT. The cases were matched with up to 3 controls (66 controls in all) on the basis of the listing year, age, sex, liver disease etiology, presence of hepatocellular carcinoma, and MELD score. The cirrhosis stage was assessed for all subjects: (1) no varices or ascites, (2) varices, (3) variceal bleeding, (4) ascites, and (5) ascites and variceal bleeding. The MELD scores were similar for cases and controls. Clinical states contributing to death in cases were: sepsis 49%, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis 15%, variceal bleeding 24%, and hepatorenal syndrome 22%. In a univariate analysis, variceal bleeding [odds ratio (OR) = 5.6, P = 0.003], albumin (OR = 0.5, P = 0.041), an increasing cirrhosis stage (P = 0.003), reaching cirrhosis stage 2, 3, or 4 versus lower stages (OR = 3.6, P = 0.048; OR = 7.4, P < 0.001; and OR = 4.1, P = 0.008), a sodium level < 135 mmol/L (OR = 3.4, P = 0.006), and hepatic encephalopathy (OR = 2.3, P = 0.082) were associated with liver-related death. In a multivariate model including the cirrhosis stage, albumin, sodium, and hepatic encephalopathy, an increasing cirrhosis stage (P = 0.010) was independently associated with liver-related death. In conclusion, assessing the cirrhosis stage in patients with low MELD scores awaiting LT may help to select candidates for more aggressive monitoring or for living or extended criteria donation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Wedd
- University of Colorado Denver Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
| | - Kiran M. Bambha
- University of Colorado Denver Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
| | - Matt Stotts
- Saint Louis University Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
| | - Heather Laskey
- University of Colorado Denver Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
| | - Jordi Colmenero
- University of Colorado Denver Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
,Liver Transplant Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institut D’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona
| | - Jane Gralla
- University of Colorado Denver Departments of Pediatrics and Biostatistics and Informatics
| | - Scott W. Biggins
- University of Colorado Denver Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
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77
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Arrese-Igor S, Alegría A, Colmenero J. Polymer chain dynamics: evidence of nonexponential mode relaxation using thermally stimulated depolarization current techniques. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:078302. [PMID: 25170735 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.078302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The slowest (p=1) mode relaxation of several polyisoprenes has been experimentally isolated by thermally stimulated depolarization current techniques. Close to the glass transition the p=1 mode deviates from the exponential behavior assumed by Rouse and tube-reptation theories. This effect is found to be a consequence of the closeness of τ_{p=1} and α-relaxation time scales. The scenario resembles that of broadened fast component dynamics in polymer blends with high dynamic asymmetry and suggests a possible general interpretation in terms of the effect of local density fluctuations (α relaxation) on chain dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Arrese-Igor
- Centro Física de Materiales (MPC), Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - A Alegría
- Centro Física de Materiales (MPC), Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain and Departamento de Física de Materiales UPV/EHU, Apartado 1072, 20080 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - J Colmenero
- Centro Física de Materiales (MPC), Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain and Departamento de Física de Materiales UPV/EHU, Apartado 1072, 20080 San Sebastián, Spain and Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
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78
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Lo Verso F, Pomposo JA, Colmenero J, Moreno AJ. Multi-orthogonal folding of single polymer chains into soft nanoparticles. Soft Matter 2014; 10:4813-4821. [PMID: 24841693 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm00459k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Efficient folding of single polymer chains is a topic of great interest due, mainly, to the challenging possibility of mimicking and controlling the structure and functionality of natural biomacromolecules (e.g., enzymes, drug delivery vehicles, and catalysts) by means of artificial single chain nano-objects. By performing extensive molecular dynamics simulations we investigate the formation of soft nanoparticles by irreversible intramolecular cross-linking of polymer precursors of different lengths. In order to optimize the folding process and to obtain more compact structures we vary the number of chemical species among the linker groups (orthogonal chemistry) which selectively form the bonds. The use of orthogonal chemistry protocols, by increasing the number of different chemical species of the linkers, leads to nanoparticles that are systematically smaller and more spherical than their homofunctional counterparts. We characterize the conformational properties of the resulting nanoparticles. These are intrinsically polydisperse in size, with a significant fraction of sparse topologies. We discuss the relevance of our results for synthesis protocols in real systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Lo Verso
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain.
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79
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Sanclemente G, Marco F, Cervera C, Hoyo I, Colmenero J, Pitart C, Almela M, Navasa M, Moreno A. Candida norvegensis fungemia in a liver transplant recipient. Rev Iberoam Micol 2014; 32:115-7. [PMID: 24794213 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of candidemia due to non-Candida albicans Candida species has been progressively increasing in recent years. The use of fluconazole as antifungal prophylaxis has been described as a risk factor for the development of infections by fluconazole resistant Candida strains. We report a case of Candida norvegensis bloodstream infection in a liver transplant recipient. CASE REPORT A 61-year-old man, who received a third liver allograft and became worse with the onset of ischemic cholangiopathy and recurrent episodes of cholangitis, was admitted to our hospital due to the development of intra-abdominal abscesses. He received multiple antibiotic schemes, and after 3 months he was discharged, maintaining parenteral antibiotic at home. While he was on fluconazole prophylaxis, a breakthrough candidemia due to C. norvegensis occurred. In vitro susceptibilities of the isolate to several antifungal agents were as follows: amphotericin B MIC 0.5 mg/l, flucytosine 64 mg/l, fluconazole 64 mg/l, itraconazole 4 mg/l, voriconazole 0.75 mg/l, and caspofungin 0.047 mg/l. He was treated with anidulafungin with resolution of candidemia. CONCLUSIONS The use of fluconazole for antifungal prophylaxis may lead to the emergence of fluconazole-resistant Candida infections, with C. norvegensis being a possible emerging pathogen in organ transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Sanclemente
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Marco
- Department of Microbiology, "Centre Diagnòstic Biomèdic" (CDB), Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Cervera
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irma Hoyo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Colmenero
- Department of Hepatology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Pitart
- Department of Microbiology, "Centre Diagnòstic Biomèdic" (CDB), Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Almela
- Department of Microbiology, "Centre Diagnòstic Biomèdic" (CDB), Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Navasa
- Department of Hepatology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Asunción Moreno
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Spain.
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80
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Bhowmik D, Pomposo JA, Juranyi F, García Sakai V, Zamponi M, Arbe A, Colmenero J. Investigation of a Nanocomposite of 75 wt % Poly(methyl methacrylate) Nanoparticles with 25 wt % Poly(ethylene oxide) Linear Chains: A Quasielatic Neutron Scattering, Calorimetric, and WAXS Study. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma500215f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Bhowmik
- Donostia International Physics
Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal
4, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - J. A. Pomposo
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC−UPV/EHU)
− Materials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Departamento
de Física de Materiales, UPV/EHU, Apartado 1072, 20080 San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE
- Basque Foundation for Science, Alameda
Urquijo 36, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
| | - F. Juranyi
- Laboratory for Neutron
Scattering, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - V. García Sakai
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - M. Zamponi
- Jülich
Centre for Neutron Science, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, outstation at Heinz
Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum, Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - A. Arbe
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC−UPV/EHU)
− Materials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - J. Colmenero
- Donostia International Physics
Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal
4, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC−UPV/EHU)
− Materials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Departamento
de Física de Materiales, UPV/EHU, Apartado 1072, 20080 San Sebastián, Spain
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81
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Khairy Y, Alvarez F, Arbe A, Colmenero J. Collective Features in Polyisobutylene. A Study of the Static and Dynamic Structure Factor by Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma401669y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Khairy
- Centro
de Física de Materiales (CSIC−UPV/EHU), Materials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - F. Alvarez
- Centro
de Física de Materiales (CSIC−UPV/EHU), Materials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Departamento de Física de Materiales (UPV/EHU), Apartado 1072, 20080 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - A. Arbe
- Centro
de Física de Materiales (CSIC−UPV/EHU), Materials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - J. Colmenero
- Centro
de Física de Materiales (CSIC−UPV/EHU), Materials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Departamento de Física de Materiales (UPV/EHU), Apartado 1072, 20080 San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
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82
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Bhowmik D, Pomposo JA, Juranyi F, García-Sakai V, Zamponi M, Su Y, Arbe A, Colmenero J. Microscopic Dynamics in Nanocomposites of Poly(ethylene oxide) and Poly(methyl methacrylate) Soft Nanoparticles: A Quasi-Elastic Neutron Scattering Study. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma402023n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Bhowmik
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - J. A. Pomposo
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC−UPV/EHU)—Materials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Departamento de Física de Materiales (UPV/EHU), Apartado 1072, 20080 San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE—Basque Foundation for Science, Alameda Urquijo 36, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
| | - F. Juranyi
- Laboratory
for Neutron Scattering, Paul Scherrer Institut CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - V. García-Sakai
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - M. Zamponi
- Jülich
Centre for Neutron Science, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, outstation at Heinz
Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum, Lichtenbergstrasse 1, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Y. Su
- Jülich
Centre for Neutron Science, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, outstation at Heinz
Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum, Lichtenbergstrasse 1, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - A. Arbe
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC−UPV/EHU)—Materials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - J. Colmenero
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC−UPV/EHU)—Materials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
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83
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Monegal A, Navasa M, Peris P, Colmenero J, Cuervo A, Muxí A, Gifre L, Guañabens N. Bone disease in patients awaiting liver transplantation. Has the situation improved in the last two decades? Calcif Tissue Int 2013; 93:571-6. [PMID: 24065305 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-013-9797-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been speculation about the possibility of a reduction in the incidence of fractures after liver transplantation (LT) because of changes in the characteristics of candidates and the use of different immunosuppressive therapies. We analyzed the characteristics of LT candidates (CTC) and compared them with historical data from a group of LT candidate patients (HTC). Data from 60 CTC patients consecutively included in a screening program of metabolic bone disease were compared with data from 60 HTC patients prospectively evaluated between 1992 and 1993. In all patients, we analyzed the clinical and laboratory characteristics, bone mineral density (BMD) dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and skeletal fractures. Patients in the CTC group were older than patients in the HTC group. The CTC group had lower femoral neck T scores. No differences were observed between groups in the proportion of patients with osteoporosis (22 vs. 30 %, p = ns) or fractures (36 vs. 33 %, p = ns). The percentage of patients with normal BMD decreased from 38 to 20 %. 25(OH)D values were low in both groups. Only 7.5 % of the CTC patients received calcium and/or vitamin D supplementation. The prevalence of fractures among CTC patients was similar to that seen two decades ago. At present, candidates for LT are older and have lower femoral bone mass. Vitamin D deficiency remains frequent; however, calcium and/or vitamin D supplementation is uncommon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Monegal
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Unit, Rheumatology Department, CIBERehd, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, C/Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain,
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84
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Khairy Y, Alvarez F, Arbe A, Colmenero J. Applicability of mode-coupling theory to polyisobutylene: a molecular dynamics simulation study. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2013; 88:042302. [PMID: 24229167 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.88.042302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The applicability of Mode Coupling Theory (MCT) to the glass-forming polymer polyisobutylene (PIB) has been explored by using fully atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. MCT predictions for the so-called asymptotic regime have been successfully tested on the dynamic structure factor and the self-correlation function of PIB main-chain carbons calculated from the simulated cell. The factorization theorem and the time-temperature superposition principle are satisfied. A consistent fitting procedure of the simulation data to the MCT asymptotic power-laws predicted for the α-relaxation regime has delivered the dynamic exponents of the theory-in particular, the exponent parameter λ-the critical non-ergodicity parameters, and the critical temperature T(c). The obtained values of λ and T(c) agree, within the uncertainties involved in both studies, with those deduced from depolarized light scattering experiments [A. Kisliuk et al., J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys. 38, 2785 (2000)]. Both, λ and T(c)/T(g) values found for PIB are unusually large with respect to those commonly obtained in low molecular weight systems. Moreover, the high T(c)/T(g) value is compatible with a certain correlation of this parameter with the fragility in Angell's classification. Conversely, the value of λ is close to that reported for real polymers, simulated "realistic" polymers and simple polymer models with intramolecular barriers. In the framework of the MCT, such finding should be the signature of two different mechanisms for the glass-transition in real polymers: intermolecular packing and intramolecular barriers combined with chain connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Khairy
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU) - Materials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
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85
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Colmenero J. Reply to “Comment on ‘A Generalized Rouse Incoherent Scattering Function for Chain Dynamics of Unentangled Polymers in Dynamically Asymmetric Blends’”. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma4017983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Colmenero
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU) and Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
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86
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Colmenero J. A Generalized Rouse Incoherent Scattering Function for Chain Dynamics of Unentangled Polymers in Dynamically Asymmetric Blends. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma400309c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Colmenero
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU) and Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
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87
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Colmenero J. Comment on “Unified explanation of the anomalous dynamic properties of highly asymmetric polymer blends” [J. Chem. Phys. 138, 054903 (2013)]. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:197101. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4804624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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88
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Krutyeva M, Wischnewski A, Monkenbusch M, Willner L, Maiz J, Mijangos C, Arbe A, Colmenero J, Radulescu A, Holderer O, Ohl M, Richter D. Effect of nanoconfinement on polymer dynamics: surface layers and interphases. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:108303. [PMID: 23521308 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.108303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We present neutron spin echo experiments that address the much debated topic of dynamic phenomena in polymer melts that are induced by interacting with a confining surface. We find an anchored surface layer that internally is highly mobile and not glassy as heavily promoted in the literature. The polymer dynamics in confinement is, rather, determined by two phases, one fully equal to the bulk polymer and another that is partly anchored at the surface. By strong topological interaction, this phase confines further chains with no direct contact to the surface. These form the often invoked interphase, where the full chain relaxation is impeded through the interaction with the anchored chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Krutyeva
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science and Institute for Complex Systems, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
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89
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Garcia-Yoldi I, Álvarez F, Colmenero J. On the interactions between poly(ethylene oxide) and graphite oxide: A comparative study by different computational methods. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:094308. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4790169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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90
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Otegui J, Schwartz GA, Cerveny S, Colmenero J, Loichen J, Westermann S. Influence of Water and Filler Content on the Dielectric Response of Silica-Filled Rubber Compounds. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma302408z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Otegui
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU)-Material Physics Centre (MPC), P. M. de Lardizábal 5, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - G. A. Schwartz
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU)-Material Physics Centre (MPC), P. M. de Lardizábal 5, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia Internacional Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal 4,
20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - S. Cerveny
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU)-Material Physics Centre (MPC), P. M. de Lardizábal 5, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia Internacional Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal 4,
20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - J. Colmenero
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU)-Material Physics Centre (MPC), P. M. de Lardizábal 5, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia Internacional Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal 4,
20018, San Sebastián, Spain
- Departamento de Física
de Materiales, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Facultad de Química, Apartado 1072, 20018, San Sebastián,
Spain
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91
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Colmenero J, Brodeck M, Arbe A, Richter D. Dynamics of Poly(butylene oxide) Well above the Glass Transition. A Fully Atomistic Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma302452t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Colmenero
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU) and Materials Physics Center MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018
San Sebastián, Spain
| | - M. Brodeck
- Jülich Center for Neutron
Science and Institut for Complex Systems, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - A. Arbe
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU) and Materials Physics Center MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - D. Richter
- Jülich Center for Neutron
Science and Institut for Complex Systems, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
- Jülich Center for Neutron Science, Outstation at FRM II, 85747 Garching,
Germany
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92
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Gerstl C, Brodeck M, Schneider GJ, Su Y, Allgaier J, Arbe A, Colmenero J, Richter D. Short and Intermediate Range Order in Poly(alkylene oxide)s. A Neutron Diffraction and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma301197y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Gerstl
- Jülich Center for Neutron
Science and Institut for Complex Systems, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D−52425 Jülich, Germany
- Jülich Center for Neutron Science, Outstation at FRM II, 85747 Garching,
Germany
| | - M. Brodeck
- Jülich Center for Neutron
Science and Institut for Complex Systems, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D−52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - G. J. Schneider
- Jülich Center for Neutron Science, Outstation at FRM II, 85747 Garching,
Germany
| | - Y. Su
- Jülich Center for Neutron Science, Outstation at FRM II, 85747 Garching,
Germany
| | - J. Allgaier
- Jülich Center for Neutron
Science and Institut for Complex Systems, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D−52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - A. Arbe
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU) and Materials Physics Center MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - J. Colmenero
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU) and Materials Physics Center MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Departamento de Física de Materiales (UPV/EHU), Apartado 1072,
20080 San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018
San Sebastián, Spain
| | - D. Richter
- Jülich Center for Neutron
Science and Institut for Complex Systems, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D−52425 Jülich, Germany
- Jülich Center for Neutron Science, Outstation at FRM II, 85747 Garching,
Germany
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93
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Gerstl C, Schneider GJ, Fuxman A, Zamponi M, Frick B, Seydel T, Koza M, Genix AC, Allgaier J, Richter D, Colmenero J, Arbe A. Quasielastic Neutron Scattering Study on the Dynamics of Poly(alkylene oxide)s. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma3003399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Gerstl
- Jülich Centre
for Neutron Science (JCNS 1) and Institut for Complex Systems (ICS
1), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D−52425 Jülich, Germany
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS 1), Outstation at FRM II, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - G. J. Schneider
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS 1), Outstation at FRM II, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - A. Fuxman
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS 1), Outstation at FRM II, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - M. Zamponi
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS 1), Outstation at FRM II, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - B. Frick
- Institut Laue−Langevin, BP 156, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - T. Seydel
- Institut Laue−Langevin, BP 156, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - M. Koza
- Institut Laue−Langevin, BP 156, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - A.-C. Genix
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, UMR 5221, CNRS and Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier,
France
| | - J. Allgaier
- Jülich Centre
for Neutron Science (JCNS 1) and Institut for Complex Systems (ICS
1), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D−52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - D. Richter
- Jülich Centre
for Neutron Science (JCNS 1) and Institut for Complex Systems (ICS
1), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D−52425 Jülich, Germany
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS 1), Outstation at FRM II, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - J. Colmenero
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Materials Physics Center MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San
Sebastián, Spain
- Departamento de Física de Materiales (UPV/EHU), Apartado 1072, 20080 San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastián,
Spain
| | - A. Arbe
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Materials Physics Center MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San
Sebastián, Spain
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94
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Bartoš J, Iskrová-Miklošovičová M, Cangialosi D, Alegría A, Šauša O, Švajdlenková H, Arbe A, Krištiak J, Colmenero J. Positron annihilation and relaxation dynamics from dielectric spectroscopy: poly(vinylmethylether). J Phys Condens Matter 2012; 24:155104. [PMID: 22436554 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/24/15/155104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report on the temperature dependence of the lifetime of the ortho-positronium (o-Ps), τ(3), annihilation in amorphous polymer poly(vinylmethylether) (PVME) from positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS). We show that the behavior of τ(3)(T) can be divided into five regions, each of them having a linear temperature dependence, and that the crossover PALS temperatures situated at T(b1)(G), 0.76T(g)(PALS), T(b1)(L) = 1.14T(g)(PALS) and T(b2)(L) = 1.37T(G)(PALS), and marking the discontinuity in the free volume microstructure are related to various dynamic features from neutron scattering (NS) and broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS). First, a slight change in the PALS response in the glassy PVME at T(b1)(G) is related to the onset of the excess wing in an apparent correspondence with the fast secondary β motion from NS. A further slight bend in the liquid state at T(b1)(L) is related to a high-frequency tail of the primary α process as well as to the slow secondary β relaxation from BDS. In addition, it lies also in the vicinity of the crossover temperature, T(B)(βKWW), in the spectral dispersion of the primary α process, indicating a connection of the change in the o-Ps lifetime with the variation in the width of the primary α relaxation times distribution. Finally, the τ(3) value at T(b2)(L) is close to the mean relaxation time of the primary α process, τ(α), in coincidence with the crossover in the secondary effective β process between two regimes in the liquid PVME. All these relationships point to very close connections between the PALS response and the dynamic behavior of PVME, which can be explained in terms of the temperature dependence of the probability function of the liquid-like and the solid-like domains, as obtained from the two-order parameter (TOP) model description of the liquid to glass transition in glass-formers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bartoš
- Polymer Institute of SAS, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 41 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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95
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Genix AC, Arbe A, Colmenero J, Wuttke J, Richter D. Neutron Scattering and X-ray Investigation of the Structure and Dynamics of Poly(ethyl methacrylate). Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma202653k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A.-C. Genix
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb,
UMR 5221, CNRS, Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - A. Arbe
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Materials Physics Center MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal
5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - J. Colmenero
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Materials Physics Center MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal
5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Departamento de Física de Materiales (UPV/EHU),
Apartado 1072, 20080 San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo
Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - J. Wuttke
- Outstation at FRM II, Jülich
Center for Neutron Science JCNS 1, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Lichtenbergstraße 1, 85747
Garching, Gemany
| | - D. Richter
- Jülich
Center for Neutron Science (JCNS 1) and Institut for Complex Systems
(ICS 1), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
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96
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Laurati M, Sotta P, Long DR, Fillot LA, Arbe A, Alegrı̀a A, Embs JP, Unruh T, Schneider GJ, Colmenero J. Dynamics of Water Absorbed in Polyamides. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma202368x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Laurati
- Laboratoire Polymères et Matériaux Avancés (LPMA), UMR5268, CNRS and Rhodia, CRTL, 85 Rue des frères Perret, 69192 Saint-Fons, France
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Materials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - P. Sotta
- Laboratoire Polymères et Matériaux Avancés (LPMA), UMR5268, CNRS and Rhodia, CRTL, 85 Rue des frères Perret, 69192 Saint-Fons, France
| | - D. R. Long
- Laboratoire Polymères et Matériaux Avancés (LPMA), UMR5268, CNRS and Rhodia, CRTL, 85 Rue des frères Perret, 69192 Saint-Fons, France
| | - L.-A. Fillot
- Laboratoire Polymères et Matériaux Avancés (LPMA), UMR5268, CNRS and Rhodia, CRTL, 85 Rue des frères Perret, 69192 Saint-Fons, France
| | - A. Arbe
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Materials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - A. Alegrı̀a
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Materials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Departamento de Física
de Materiales, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - J. P. Embs
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - T. Unruh
- Forschungsneutronenquelle Heinz Maier-Leibnitz, Lichtenbergstrasse 1, D-85747
Garching, Germany
| | - G. J. Schneider
- Jülich
Centre for Neutron Science at FRM II, Forschungszentrum Jülich
GmbH, Institut für Festkörperforschung, Lichtenbergstrasse 1, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - J. Colmenero
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Materials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Departamento de Física
de Materiales, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
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Capponi S, Arbe A, Cerveny S, Busselez R, Frick B, Embs JP, Colmenero J. Quasielastic neutron scattering study of hydrogen motions in an aqueous poly(vinyl methyl ether) solution. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:204906. [PMID: 21639476 DOI: 10.1063/1.3592560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) investigation of the component dynamics in an aqueous Poly(vinyl methyl ether) (PVME) solution (30% water content in weight). In the glassy state, an important shift in the Boson peak of PVME is found upon hydration. At higher temperatures, the diffusive-like motions of the components take place with very different characteristic times, revealing a strong dynamic asymmetry that increases with decreasing T. For both components, we observe stretching of the scattering functions with respect to those in the bulk and non-Gaussian behavior in the whole momentum transfer range investigated. To explain these observations we invoke a distribution of mobilities for both components, probably originated from structural heterogeneities. The diffusive-like motion of PVME in solution takes place faster and apparently in a more continuous way than in bulk. We find that the T-dependence of the characteristic relaxation time of water changes at T ≲ 225 K, near the temperature where a crossover from a low temperature Arrhenius to a high temperature cooperative behavior has been observed by broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) [S. Cerveny, J. Colmenero and A. Alegría, Macromolecules, 38, 7056 (2005)]. This observation might be a signature of the onset of confined dynamics of water due to the freezing of the PVME dynamics, that has been selectively followed by these QENS experiments. On the other hand, revisiting the BDS results on this system we could identify an additional "fast" process that can be attributed to water motions coupled with PVME local relaxations that could strongly affect the QENS results. Both kinds of interpretations, confinement effects due to the increasing dynamic asymmetry and influence of localized motions, could provide alternative scenarios to the invoked "strong-to-fragile" transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Capponi
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain.
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98
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Riedel C, Alegría A, Arinero R, Colmenero J, Sáenz JJ. Contrast inversion in electrostatic force microscopy imaging of trapped charges: tip-sample distance and dielectric constant dependence. Nanotechnology 2011; 22:345702. [PMID: 21795775 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/22/34/345702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We present a numerical and analytical study of the behavior of both electrostatic force and force gradient created by a charge trapped below the surface of a dielectric on an atomic force microscope tip as a function of the dielectric constant and tip-sample distance. As expected, the force decreases monotonously when the dielectric constant increases. However, a maximum in the dielectric constant dependence of the force gradient is found. This maximum occurs in the typical experimental parameters' range and depends on the tip-sample distance and the sample thickness. The analytical study permits us to understand the physical origin of this phenomenon and is in good agreement with the numerical simulation for small tip-sample distances. We also report a study exemplifying a possible contrast inversion in electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) signals while scanning, at different heights, two charges trapped in a sample having heterogeneous dielectric domains. In addition to this particular contrast inversion effect, this study can be considered as a way to gain insight into the mechanisms of EFM image formation as a function of the dielectric constant and tip-sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Riedel
- Departamento de Física de Materiales UPV/EHU, Facultad de Química, Apartado 1072, 20080 San Sebastián, Spain.
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99
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Riedel C, Alegría A, Schwartz GA, Colmenero J, Sáenz JJ. Numerical study of the lateral resolution in electrostatic force microscopy for dielectric samples. Nanotechnology 2011; 22:285705. [PMID: 21646694 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/22/28/285705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We present a study of the lateral resolution in electrostatic force microscopy for dielectric samples in both force and gradient modes. Whereas previous studies have reported expressions for metallic surfaces having potential heterogeneities (Kelvin probe force microscopy), in this work we take into account the presence of a dielectric medium. We introduce a definition of the lateral resolution based on the force due to a test particle being either a point charge or a polarizable particle on the dielectric surface. The behaviour has been studied over a wide range of typical experimental parameters: tip-sample distance (1-20) nm, sample thickness (0-5) µm and dielectric constant (1-20), using the numerical simulation of the equivalent charge method. For potential heterogeneities on metallic surfaces expressions are in agreement with the bibliography. The lateral resolution of samples having a dielectric constant of more than 10 tends to metallic behaviour. We found a characteristic thickness of 100 nm, above which the lateral resolution measured on the dielectric surface is close to that of an infinite medium. As previously reported, the lateral resolution is better in the gradient mode than in the force mode. Finally, we showed that for the same experimental conditions, the lateral resolution is better for a polarizable particle than for a charge, i.e. dielectric heterogeneities should always look 'sharper' (better resolved) than inhomogeneous charge distributions. This fact should be taken into account when interpreting images of heterogeneous samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Riedel
- Departamento de Física de Materiales UPV/EHU, Facultad de Química, Apartado 1072, 20080 San Sebastián, Spain.
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100
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Cangialosi D, Boucher VM, Alegría A, Colmenero J. Free volume holes diffusion to describe physical aging in poly(mehtyl methacrylate)/silica nanocomposites. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:014901. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3605600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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