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Green ME, Sullivan KJ, Wells S, Board R, Feldman HA, McCabe M. A Comparison of Antibiotic Serum Concentrations Drawn Simultaneously from Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters and Peripheral Veins in Children with Respiratory Infection. J Pediatr Nurs 2015; 30:868-76. [PMID: 26382967 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to evaluate serum concentration of antibiotics drawn from a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) compared with a peripheral venipuncture. This prospective comparative study included patients with ages 1month to 21years admitted with a respiratory infection requiring IV vancomycin or IV tobramycin via a newly placed PICC. The difference between the antibiotic levels from the venipuncture and PICC samples was statistically significant for both the peak and trough levels. However, the difference in values was not enough to impact antibiotic dosing and therefore was not clinically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Henry A Feldman
- Clinical Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
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Jago R, Rawlins E, Kipping RR, Wells S, Chittleborough C, Peters TJ, Mytton J, Lawlor DA, Campbell R. Lessons learned from the AFLY5 RCT process evaluation: implications for the design of physical activity and nutrition interventions in schools. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:946. [PMID: 26399328 PMCID: PMC4580292 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-2293-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Systematic reviews have highlighted that school-based diet and physical activity (PA) interventions have had limited effects. This study used qualitative methods to examine how the effectiveness of future primary (elementary) school diet and PA interventions could be improved. Methods Data are from the Active For Life Year 5 (AFLY5) study, which was a cluster randomised trial conducted in 60 UK primary schools. Year 5 (8–9 years of age) pupils in the 30 intervention schools received a 12-month intervention. At the end of the intervention period, interviews were conducted with: 28 Year 5 teachers (including 8 teachers from control schools); 10 Headteachers (6 control); 31 parents (15 control). Focus groups were conducted with 70 year 5 pupils (34 control). Topics included how the AFLY5 intervention could have been improved and how school-based diet and PA interventions should optimally be delivered. All interviews and focus groups were transcribed and thematically analysed across participant groups. Results Analysis yielded four themes. Child engagement: Data suggested that programme success is likely to be enhanced if children feel that they have a sense of autonomy over their own behaviour and if the activities are practical. School: Finding a project champion within the school would enhance intervention effectiveness. Embedding diet and physical activity content across the curriculum and encouraging teachers to role model good diet and physical activity behaviours were seen as important. Parents and community: Encouraging parents and community members into the school was deemed likely to enhance the connection between schools, families and communities, and “create a buzz” that was likely to enhance behaviour change. Government/Policy: Data suggested that there was a need to adequately resource health promotion activity in schools and to increase the infrastructure to facilitate diet and physical activity knowledge and practice. Discussion and Conclusions Future primary school diet and PA programmes should find ways to increase child engagement in the programme content, identify programme champions, encourage teachers to work as role models, engage parents and embed diet and PA behaviour change across the curriculum. However, this will require adequate funding and cost-effectiveness will need to be established. Trial registration ISRCTN50133740
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Affiliation(s)
- R Jago
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TZ, UK.
| | - E Rawlins
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK.
| | - R R Kipping
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK.
| | - S Wells
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK.
| | - C Chittleborough
- School of Population Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.
| | - T J Peters
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS2 8DZ, UK.
| | - J Mytton
- Public Health, Bristol City Council, Avonquay Office, Cumberland Basin, Bristol, BS1 6XL, UK.
| | - D A Lawlor
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK. .,MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.
| | - R Campbell
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK.
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Heise I, Fisher SP, Banks GT, Wells S, Peirson SN, Foster RG, Nolan PM. Sleep-like behavior and 24-h rhythm disruption in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome. Genes Brain Behav 2015; 14:209-16. [PMID: 25558895 PMCID: PMC4409853 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Down syndrome is a common disorder associated with intellectual disability in humans. Among a variety of severe health problems, patients with Down syndrome exhibit disrupted sleep and abnormal 24-h rest/activity patterns. The transchromosomic mouse model of Down syndrome, Tc1, is a trans-species mouse model for Down syndrome, carrying most of human chromosome 21 in addition to the normal complement of mouse chromosomes and expresses many of the phenotypes characteristic of Down syndrome. To date, however, sleep and circadian rhythms have not been characterized in Tc1 mice. Using both circadian wheel-running analysis and video-based sleep scoring, we showed that these mice exhibited fragmented patterns of sleep-like behaviour during the light phase of a 12:12-h light/dark (LD) cycle with an extended period of continuous wakefulness at the beginning of the dark phase. Moreover, an acute light pulse during night-time was less effective in inducing sleep-like behaviour in Tc1 animals than in wild-type controls. In wheel-running analysis, free running in constant light (LL) or constant darkness (DD) showed no changes in the circadian period of Tc1 animals although they did express subtle behavioural differences including a reduction in total distance travelled on the wheel and differences in the acrophase of activity in LD and in DD. Our data confirm that Tc1 mice express sleep-related phenotypes that are comparable with those seen in Down syndrome patients with moderate disruptions in rest/activity patterns and hyperactive episodes, while circadian period under constant lighting conditions is essentially unaffected.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Heise
- Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, MRC Harwell, Harwell, UK
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Dekarske A, Lubner M, Kitchin D, Kim D, Hinshaw J, Lee F, Pickhardt P, Robbins J, Wells S, Ziemlewicz T. Analysis of non-diagnostic CT-fluoroscopy guided lung biopsies at an academic health center: a 6 year review. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2014.12.404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Wells S. Foreword. Recent Results Cancer Res 2015; 204:v-vi. [PMID: 26714327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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Mehta S, Wells S, Jackson R, Harrison J, Kerr A. Removal of special authority requirements for clopidogrel improved optimal care following percutaneous coronary intervention across sociodemographic groups. Heart Lung Circ 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2015.04.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wells S, Rozenblum R, Park A, Dunn M, Bates DW. Personal health records for patients with chronic disease: a major opportunity. Appl Clin Inform 2014; 5:416-29. [PMID: 25024758 DOI: 10.4338/aci-2014-01-ra-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Personal health records (PHRs) connected to a physician's electronic health record system hold substantial promise for supporting and engaging patients with chronic disease. OBJECTIVES To explore how U.S. health care organizations are currently utilizing PHRs for chronic disease populations. METHODS A mixed methods study including semi-structured interviews and a questionnaire was conducted. A purposive sample was developed of health care organizations which were recognized as exemplars for PHRs and were high performers in national patient satisfaction surveys (H-CAHPS or CAHPS). Within each organization, participants were health IT leaders or those managing high-risk or chronic disease populations. RESULTS Interviews were conducted with 30 informants and completed questionnaires were received from 16 organizations (84% response rate). Most PHRs allowed patients to access health records and educational material, message their provider, renew prescriptions and request appointments. Patient generated data was increasingly being sought and combined with messaging, resulted in greater understanding of patient health and functioning outside of the clinic visit. However for chronic disease populations, there was little targeted involvement in PHR design and few tools to help interpret and manage their conditions beyond those offered for all. The PHR was largely uncoupled from high risk population management interventions and no clear framework for future PHR development emerged. CONCLUSION This technology is currently underutilized and represents a major opportunity given the potential benefits of patient engagement and shared decision making. A coherent patient-centric PHR design and evaluation strategy is required to realize its potential and maximize this natural hub for multidisciplinary care co-ordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Wells
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health, University of Auckland , Auckland, New Zealand ; Department of General Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - R Rozenblum
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - A Park
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - M Dunn
- Department of Health Care Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - D W Bates
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts ; Department of Health Care Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts
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Kerr A, Mustafa A, Sculley M, Broadbent E, Wells S. Your Heart Forecast Tool Patient Evaluation: A Randomised Controlled Trial. Heart Lung Circ 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2013.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Nakamura SN, Matsumura A, Okayasu Y, Seva T, Rodriguez VM, Baturin P, Yuan L, Acha A, Ahmidouch A, Androic D, Asaturyan A, Asaturyan R, Baker OK, Benmokhtar F, Bosted P, Carlini R, Chen C, Christy M, Cole L, Danagoulian S, Daniel A, Dharmawardane V, Egiyan K, Elaasar M, Ent R, Fenker H, Fujii Y, Furic M, Gan L, Gaskell D, Gasparian A, Gibson EF, Gogami T, Gueye P, Han Y, Hashimoto O, Hiyama E, Honda D, Horn T, Hu B, Hungerford EV, Jayalath C, Jones M, Johnston K, Kalantarians N, Kanda H, Kaneta M, Kato F, Kato S, Kawama D, Keppel C, Lan KJ, Luo W, Mack D, Maeda K, Malace S, Margaryan A, Marikyan G, Markowitz P, Maruta T, Maruyama N, Miyoshi T, Mkrtchyan A, Mkrtchyan H, Nagao S, Navasardyan T, Niculescu G, Niculescu MI, Nomura H, Nonaka K, Ohtani A, Oyamada M, Perez N, Petkovic T, Randeniya S, Reinhold J, Roche J, Sato Y, Segbefia EK, Simicevic N, Smith G, Song Y, Sumihama M, Tadevosyan V, Takahashi T, Tang L, Tsukada K, Tvaskis V, Vulcan W, Wells S, Wood SA, Yan C, Zhamkochyan S. Observation of the (Λ)(7)He hypernucleus by the (e, e'K+) reaction. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:012502. [PMID: 23383783 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.012502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An experiment with a newly developed high-resolution kaon spectrometer and a scattered electron spectrometer with a novel configuration was performed in Hall C at Jefferson Lab. The ground state of a neutron-rich hypernucleus, (Λ)(7)He, was observed for the first time with the (e, e'K+) reaction with an energy resolution of ~0.6 MeV. This resolution is the best reported to date for hypernuclear reaction spectroscopy. The (Λ)(7)He binding energy supplies the last missing information of the A = 7, T = 1 hypernuclear isotriplet, providing a new input for the charge symmetry breaking effect of the ΛN potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Nakamura
- Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
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Godden SM, Smolenski DJ, Donahue M, Oakes JM, Bey R, Wells S, Sreevatsan S, Stabel J, Fetrow J. Heat-treated colostrum and reduced morbidity in preweaned dairy calves: results of a randomized trial and examination of mechanisms of effectiveness. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:4029-40. [PMID: 22720957 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-5275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted using 1,071 newborn calves from 6 commercial dairy farms in Minnesota and Wisconsin, with the primary objective being to describe the effects of feeding heat-treated colostrum on serum immunoglobulin G concentration and health in the preweaning period. A secondary objective was to complete a path analysis to identify intermediate factors that may explain how feeding heat-treated colostrum reduced the risk for illness. On each farm, colostrum was collected each day, pooled, and divided into 2 aliquots; then, one aliquot was heat-treated in a commercial batch pasteurizer at 60°C for 60 min. Samples of fresh and heat-treated colostrum were collected for standard microbial culture (total plate count and total coliform count, cfu/mL) and for measurement of immunoglobulin G concentrations (mg/mL). Newborn calves were removed from the dam, generally within 30 to 60 min of birth, and systematically assigned to be fed 3.8L of either fresh (FR, n=518) or heat-treated colostrum (HT, n=553) within 2h of birth. Venous blood samples were collected from calves between 1 and 7d of age for measurement of serum IgG concentrations (mg/mL). All treatment and mortality events were recorded by farm staff between birth and weaning. Regression models found that serum IgG concentrations were significantly higher in calves fed HT colostrum (18.0 ± 1.5 mg/mL) compared with calves fed FR colostrum (15.4 ± 1.5 mg/ml). Survival analysis using Cox proportional hazards regression indicated a significant increase in risk for a treatment event (any cause) in calves fed FR colostrum (36.5%, hazard ratio=1.25) compared with calves fed HT colostrum (30.9%). In addition, we observed a significant increase in risk for treatment for scours in calves fed FR colostrum (20.7%, hazard ratio=1.32) compared with calves fed HT colostrum (16.5%). Path analysis suggested that calves fed HT colostrum were at lower risk for illness because the heat-treatment process caused a significant reduction in colostrum total coliform count, which was associated with a reduced risk for illness as a function of improved serum IgG concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Godden
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108, USA.
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Kool B, King V, Ameratunga S, Wells S. IMPROVING THE CARE OF CHILDREN PRESENTING WITH MILD TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY (MTBI) TO EMERGENCY CARE SETTINGS: CLINICIANS ATTITUDES AND PERCEPTIONS OF CARE. Inj Prev 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2012-040580g.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Tran A, Skoranski M, Wells S, Hoffman J. Spacing and set size effects in MOT may reflect different underlying mechanisms. J Vis 2012. [DOI: 10.1167/12.9.555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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63
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McLean S, Wells S, Postell E, Doran M, Hoffman J. Do the two cerebral hemispheres act as independent tracking mechanisms? J Vis 2012. [DOI: 10.1167/12.9.554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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McCarron N, Meystre C, Wells S, Jones A, Gittoes N, Armour K, Hodson J, Webster C. Hypovitaminosis D in Hospice patients in a Caucasian West Midlands Population. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2012-000264.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Donahue M, Godden S, Bey R, Wells S, Oakes J, Sreevatsan S, Stabel J, Fetrow J. Heat treatment of colostrum on commercial dairy farms decreases colostrum microbial counts while maintaining colostrum immunoglobulin G concentrations. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:2697-702. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-5220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 01/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Samankumara LP, Wells S, Zeller M, Acuña AM, Röder B, Brückner C. Expanded Bacteriochlorins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:5757-60. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201201124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Sorge US, Lissemore K, Godkin A, Jansen J, Hendrick S, Wells S, Kelton DF. Changes in management practices and apparent prevalence on Canadian dairy farms participating in a voluntary risk assessment-based Johne's disease control program. J Dairy Sci 2012; 94:5227-37. [PMID: 21943773 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2010-3869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were (1) to describe the change in Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) antibody milk ELISA-positive prevalence in Canadian dairy herds that participated in a risk assessment (RA)-based Johne's disease (JD) control program; (2) to describe the distribution of so-called high-risk management practices on Canadian dairy farms; and (3) to assess if compliance with selected recommendations translated into changes in the scores of associated RA questions. In Ontario and western Canada, 226 herds voluntarily participated in a RA-based JD control program for several years. In 2005-2007, a previsit survey, RA, and MAP-antibody milk ELISA of the entire milking herd were conducted. Therefore, the interpretation of the results of this study is strictly for the MAP-antibody milk ELISA status of cows or herds, because no culture of MAP (of fecal or environmental samples) was conducted due to economic restrictions. In early 2008, a telephone interview was used to determine compliance with recommended management changes after the first RA. In 2008-2009, a second RA and another whole-herd MAP antibody milk ELISA were performed. At both herd tests, about 35% of the farms had at least one MAP-antibody milk ELISA-positive cow, classifying them as a MAP-antibody milk ELISA-positive herd. However, 28.8% of herds had changed their MAP-antibody milk ELISA status between the 2 tests, demonstrating that a single herd test was insufficient to determine the long-term MAP-antibody ELISA status of a herd. The average within-herd MAP-antibody milk ELISA-positive prevalence changed from 5.4 to 4.2% over the study period, but management practices did not change much throughout the 2- to 3-yr period and were similar to those reported in other parts of North America. The overall RA scores decreased at the second RA, in particular for management practices in the calving and preweaned calf area, and when herds were test-positive at the first test. This was not surprising, because many of the recommendations at the first RA focused on these management areas and compliance with some recommended farm-specific management practices in this area might be linked to reduced scores for associated RA questions. In conclusion, the participating farms did, on average, decrease their within-herd MAP-antibody milk ELISA positive-prevalence and RA total scores. Changes in RA scores could be linked to improved management practices, indicating that the RA questions appropriately reflected management practices. Some herds changed their MAP-antibody milk ELISA status between tests, which underlines that a current test of the entire milking herd is necessary to determine the present MAP-antibody milk ELISA status of a dairy herd.
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Affiliation(s)
- U S Sorge
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul 55108, USA.
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Lee BM, Merkel D, Hilburn B, Wells S. Solution Structure of the Binuclear Zinc Finger of Cytoplasmic Polyadenylation Element Binding Protein (CPEB). Biophys J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2011.11.1375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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Horn M, Mayr H, Lacôte E, Merling E, Deaner J, Wells S, McFadden T, Curran DP. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Boranes are Good Hydride Donors. Org Lett 2011; 14:82-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol202836p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Horn
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, D-81377 München, Germany, ICSN CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France, and University of Pittsburgh, Department of Chemistry, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Herbert Mayr
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, D-81377 München, Germany, ICSN CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France, and University of Pittsburgh, Department of Chemistry, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Emmanuel Lacôte
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, D-81377 München, Germany, ICSN CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France, and University of Pittsburgh, Department of Chemistry, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Everett Merling
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, D-81377 München, Germany, ICSN CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France, and University of Pittsburgh, Department of Chemistry, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Jordan Deaner
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, D-81377 München, Germany, ICSN CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France, and University of Pittsburgh, Department of Chemistry, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Sarah Wells
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, D-81377 München, Germany, ICSN CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France, and University of Pittsburgh, Department of Chemistry, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Timothy McFadden
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, D-81377 München, Germany, ICSN CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France, and University of Pittsburgh, Department of Chemistry, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Dennis P. Curran
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, D-81377 München, Germany, ICSN CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France, and University of Pittsburgh, Department of Chemistry, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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Miragoli M, Sheikh Abdul Kadir SH, Sheppard MN, Salvarani N, Virta M, Wells S, Lab MJ, Nikolaev VO, Moshkov A, Hague WM, Rohr S, Williamson C, Gorelik J. A protective antiarrhythmic role of ursodeoxycholic acid in an in vitro rat model of the cholestatic fetal heart. Hepatology 2011; 54:1282-92. [PMID: 21809354 PMCID: PMC4900448 DOI: 10.1002/hep.24492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy may be complicated by fetal arrhythmia, fetal hypoxia, preterm labor, and, in severe cases, intrauterine death. The precise etiology of fetal death is not known. However, taurocholate has been demonstrated to cause arrhythmia and abnormal calcium dynamics in cardiomyocytes. To identify the underlying reason for increased susceptibility of fetal cardiomyocytes to arrhythmia, we studied myofibroblasts (MFBs), which appear during structural remodeling of the adult diseased heart. In vitro, they depolarize rat cardiomyocytes via heterocellular gap junctional coupling. Recently, it has been hypothesized that ventricular MFBs might appear in the developing human heart, triggered by physiological fetal hypoxia. However, their presence in the fetal heart (FH) and their proarrhythmogenic effects have not been systematically characterized. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that ventricular MFBs transiently appear in the human FH during gestation. We established two in vitro models of the maternal heart (MH) and FH, both exposed to increasing doses of taurocholate. The MH model consisted of confluent strands of rat cardiomyocytes, whereas for the FH model, we added cardiac MFBs on top of cardiomyocytes. Taurocholate in the FH model, but not in the MH model, slowed conduction velocity from 19 to 9 cm/s, induced early after depolarizations, and resulted in sustained re-entrant arrhythmias. These arrhythmic events were prevented by ursodeoxycholic acid, which hyperpolarized MFB membrane potential by modulating potassium conductance. CONCLUSION These results illustrate that the appearance of MFBs in the FH may contribute to arrhythmias. The above-described mechanism represents a new therapeutic approach for cardiac arrhythmias at the level of MFB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Miragoli
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LY, UK
| | | | - Mary N. Sheppard
- Dept. of Histopathology, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney Street London SW3 6NP
| | - Nicolό Salvarani
- Dept. of Physiology, University of Bern, Bühlplatz 5, 3012 Bern, CH
| | - Matilda Virta
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Sarah Wells
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Max J. Lab
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LY, UK
| | | | - Alexey Moshkov
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LY, UK
| | - William M Hague
- Dept of Obstetrics, University of Adelaide, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia 5006, Australia
| | - Stephan Rohr
- Dept. of Physiology, University of Bern, Bühlplatz 5, 3012 Bern, CH
| | - Catherine Williamson
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Julia Gorelik
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LY, UK
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Kerr A, Gentles D, Jackson R, Wells S. Cardiovascular Mortality Prediction for Those with a Prior Cardiovascular Event—The PREDICT Secondary Equation. Heart Lung Circ 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2011.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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73
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Sorge US, Lissemore K, Godkin A, Hendrick S, Wells S, Kelton D. Associations between paratuberculosis milk ELISA result, milk production, and breed in Canadian dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2011; 94:754-61. [PMID: 21257043 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2010-3404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The 3 objectives of this study were (1) to quantify milk production differences among cows with different paratuberculosis (ParaTB) milk ELISA results; (2) to determine if production differences existed in lactations preceding the test among cows with different ParaTB milk ELISA results; and (3) to assess whether Channel Island breeds were more likely to test positive with the ParaTB milk ELISA than other dairy breeds. Current and completed lactation records from 35,591 dairy cows in Ontario and western Canada that had been tested with a commercial ParaTB milk ELISA were included in the analysis. The first occurrence of the highest categorical test result was used to classify the cow. Cows were then grouped by the lactation in which the first high-positive (HTP), low-positive, or negative milk ELISA occurred, and comparisons were made within lactation groups. High test-positive cows were defined as those that had an optical density ≥ 1.0 on at least 1 ParaTB milk ELISA. The associations between ParaTB milk ELISA status and milk production, as measured by the 305-d milk yield, were assessed with a series of linear mixed models. The effect of breed on the likelihood of testing positive with the milk ELISA was assessed using a logistic mixed model for the lactation in which the first negative or positive ParaTB milk ELISA occurred. Test-positive cows produced on average 2.9 to 6.8% less milk than negative herdmates in the lactation in which they were tested. The HTP cows produced on average 466, 514, and 598 kg less milk than low-positive herdmates in lactations 1, 2, and 4, respectively. Cows testing low-positive in their second lactation had, on average, a 218-kg higher milk yield in their first lactation than their test-negative herdmates. Otherwise, no association was found between test result and milk production in preceding lactations. Differences in milk production among negative, test-positive, and HTP cows increased with increasing parity. Cows of the Channel Island breeds had 1.4 to 8.3 times the odds to test positive compared with other dairy breeds. The findings of this study are consistent with previous studies that have reported that milk production is lower in test-positive animals. The differences in milk production increased with increasing ELISA optical density scores and parity in which the animal tested positive. However, with the exception of second-lactation cows, no differences in milk production were observed in tests preceding lactations. The differences in milk ELISA status among dairy breeds support the need for further studies investigating the genetic component of ParaTB susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- U S Sorge
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Merkel D, Hilburn B, Wells S, Geiser S, Hoover H, Ajoku O, Lee B. Structural Characterization of the Zinc Finger Domain of Cytoplasmic Polyadenylation Element-Binding Protein. Biophys J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2010.12.3487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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79
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Hawkins P, Morton DB, Burman O, Dennison N, Honess P, Jennings M, Lane S, Middleton V, Roughan JV, Wells S, Westwood K. A guide to defining and implementing protocols for the welfare assessment of laboratory animals: eleventh report of the BVAAWF/FRAME/RSPCA/UFAW Joint Working Group on Refinement. Lab Anim 2011; 45:1-13. [PMID: 21123303 DOI: 10.1258/la.2010.010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The refinement of husbandry and procedures to reduce animal suffering and improve welfare is an essential component of humane science. Successful refinement depends upon the ability to assess animal welfare effectively, and detect any signs of pain or distress as rapidly as possible, so that any suffering can be alleviated. This document provides practical guidance on setting up and operating effective protocols for the welfare assessment of animals used in research and testing. It sets out general principles for more objective observation of animals, recognizing and assessing indicators of pain or distress and tailoring these to individual projects. Systems for recording indicators, including score sheets, are reviewed and guidance is set out on determining practical monitoring regimes that are more likely to detect any signs of suffering. This guidance is intended for all staff required to assess or monitor animal welfare, including animal technologists and care staff, veterinarians and scientists. It will also be of use to members of ethics or animal care and use committees. A longer version of this document, with further background information and extra topics including training and information sharing, is available on the Laboratory Animals website.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hawkins
- Research Animals Department, RSPCA, Wilberforce Way, Southwater, West Sussex RH13 9RS, UK
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80
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Dalrymple-Alford JC, MacAskill MR, Nakas CT, Livingston L, Graham C, Crucian GP, Melzer TR, Kirwan J, Keenan R, Wells S, Porter RJ, Watts R, Anderson TJ. The MoCA: well-suited screen for cognitive impairment in Parkinson disease. Neurology 2010; 75:1717-25. [PMID: 21060094 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181fc29c9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 595] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish the diagnostic accuracy of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) when screening externally validated cognition in Parkinson disease (PD), by comparison with a PD-focused test (Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson disease-Cognition [SCOPA-COG]) and the standardized Mini-Mental State Examination (S-MMSE) as benchmarks. METHODS A convenience sample of 114 patients with idiopathic PD and 47 healthy controls was examined in a movement disorders center. The 21 patients with dementia (PD-D) were diagnosed using Movement Disorders Society criteria, externally validated by detailed independent functional and neuropsychological tests. The 21 patients with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) scored 1.5 SD or more below normative data in at least 2 measures in 1 of 4 cognitive domains. Other patients had normal cognition (PD-N). RESULTS Primary outcomes using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses showed that all 3 mental status tests produced excellent discrimination of PD-D from patients without dementia (area under the curve [AUC], 87%-91%) and PD-MCI from PD-N patients (AUC, 78%-90%), but the MoCA was generally better suited across both assessments. The optimal MoCA screening cutoffs were <21/30 for PD-D (sensitivity 81%; specificity 95%; negative predictive value [NPV] 92%) and <26/30 for PD-MCI (sensitivity 90%; specificity 75%; NPV 95%). Further support that the MoCA is at least equivalent to the SCOPA-COG, and superior to the S-MMSE, came from the simultaneous classification of the 3 PD patient groups (volumes under a 3-dimensional ROC surface, chance = 17%: MoCA 79%, confidence interval [CI] 70%-89%; SCOPA-COG 74%, CI 62%-86%; MMSE-Sevens item 56%, CI 44%-68%; MMSE-World item 62%, CI 50%-73%). CONCLUSIONS The MoCA is a suitably accurate, brief test when screening all levels of cognition in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Dalrymple-Alford
- Van der Veer Institute for Parkinson's and Brain Research, 66 Stewart St., Christchurch 8011, New Zealand.
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81
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Sorge U, Kelton D, Lissemore K, Godkin A, Hendrick S, Wells S. Attitudes of Canadian dairy farmers toward a voluntary Johne's disease control program. J Dairy Sci 2010; 93:1491-9. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2009-2447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2009] [Accepted: 12/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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82
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Joseph U, Seesko HG, Neumann K, Cance W, Wells S, Rothmund M. Immunohistochemical studies on specificity and affinity of the BB5-antibody against human parathyroid tissue. Exp Clin Endocrinol 2009; 102:455-9. [PMID: 7890022 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1211318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Localisation of parathyroid tissue in hyperparathyroidism may be difficult with standard methods. Immunoscintigraphy, using radiolabeled antibodies against epitopes of human parathyroid cells, could be a promising alternative. Therefore, we studied the necessary preconditions, whether the so-called BB5-antibody, directed against parathyroid cell membranes possesses sufficient specificity and affinity to be employed in immunoscintigraphy. Specificity was tested immunohistochemically with APAAP-staining of 39 different human tissues. Additionally, an immunoscore-based quantitative comparison was performed to test the affinity of BB5-antibody for normal and pathologic parathyroid tissue. Specificity was proven by the fact that of all 39 tested tissue-types only the parathyroid tissue was BB5-positive. Normal parathyroid tissue showed a significantly higher affinity to the BB5-antibody than pathologic parathyroid tissue (p < 0.03). However, all tissue samples from primary or secondary hyperparathyroidism exhibited sufficient staining. We conclude that the BB5-antibody fulfills the necessary conditions to be tried for immunoscintigraphical localisation of the parathyroid glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Joseph
- Klinik für Allgemeinchirurgie, Universität Marburg
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83
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Kerr AJ, Wells S, Eadie S, McLachlan A, Wiltshire C, Jackson R. The Heart Forecast Tool-Integrating Absolute, Relative Risk and Long-Term CVD Risk to Support Risk Communication and Behaviour Change. Heart Lung Circ 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2009.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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84
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Smith APL, Polley S, Wells S, Stewart M, Vizor L, Humphreys J, Warren MV, Dear N, Cheeseman MT. Analysis of breeding and pathology helps refine management practices of a large-scale N'-ethyl-N'-nitrosourea mouse mutagenesis programme. Lab Anim 2008; 43:1-10. [PMID: 18987059 DOI: 10.1258/la.2008.007072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
N'-ethyl-N'-nitrosourea (ENU) is a powerful germline mutagen used in conjunction with phenotype-driven screens to generate novel mouse mutants. ENU also induces genetic lesions in somatic cells and dosage requires optimization between maximum germline mutation rate versus induced sterility and tumourigenesis that compromise the welfare and fecundity of the ENU-treated males. Here, we present our experience with BALB/cAnNCrl and C57BL/6J mice in terms of the pathology induced by ENU and its impact on breeding. In both mouse strains, morbidity and mortality rises with ENU dose. In more than 75% of C57BL/6J males, morbidity and mortality were attributable to the development of malignant T-lymphoblastic lymphoma. Approximately 50% of ENU-treated BALB/cAnNCrl males develop early malignant T-lymphoblastic lymphoma, but the cohort that survives develops late-onset lung carcinoma. Within strains, the latency of these clinically important tumour(s) was not dosage-dependent, but the proportion of mice developing tumours and consequently removed from the breeding programme increased with ENU dosage. The median number of offspring per ENU-treated C57BL/6J male in standard matings with C3H/HeH females decreased with increasing dosage. The two most important underlying causes for lower male fecundity were increased infertility in the highest dosage group and reduced numbers of litters born to the remaining fertile C57BL/6J males due to a higher incidence of morbidity. These findings have allowed us to refine breeding strategy. To maximize the number of offspring from each ENU-treated male, we now rotate productive males between two cages to expose them to more females. This optimizes the number of mutation carrying offspring while reducing the number of ENU-treated males that must be generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P L Smith
- Mary Lyon Centre, Medical Research Council, Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
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85
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Godden S, McMartin S, Feirtag J, Stabel J, Bey R, Goyal S, Metzger L, Fetrow J, Wells S, Chester-Jones H. Heat-treatment of bovine colostrum. II: effects of heating duration on pathogen viability and immunoglobulin G. J Dairy Sci 2008; 89:3476-83. [PMID: 16899682 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(06)72386-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Batches (30-L) of first-milking bovine colostrum, inoculated with Mycoplasma bovis (10(8) cfu/mL), Listeria monocytogenes (10(6) cfu/mL), Escherichia coli O157:H7 (10(6) cfu/mL), Salmonella enteritidis (10(6) cfu/mL), and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map; 10(3) cfu/mL), were heat-treated at 60 degrees C for 120 min in a commercial on-farm batch pasteurizer system. Duplicate 50-mL subsamples of colostrum were collected at 15-min intervals throughout the heat-treatment process for the purpose of bacterial culture and for measurement of IgG concentration (mg/mL) and antibody activity [log2(bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 serum neutralization titer)]. Four replicate batches of colostrum were run for each of the 5 pathogens studied. There was no effect of heating moderate- to high-quality colostrum at 60 degrees C for at least 120 min on mean IgG concentration (pre = 60.5 mg/mL; post = 59.1 mg/mL). Similarly, there was no effect of heat-treatment on the mean log2 bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 serum neutralization titer (pre = 12.3; post = 12.0). Viable M. bovis, L. monocytogenes, E. coli O157:H7, and S. enteritidis added to colostrum could not be detected after the colostrum was heat-treated at 60 degrees C for 30 min. Average bacteria counts showed that Map was not detected when batches were heated at 60 degrees C for 60 min. Although the authors believe that heat-treating colostrum at 60 degrees C for 60 min should be sufficient to eliminate Map from colostrum in most situations, further research is needed to determine whether these findings may be replicated, given that variability was observed in Map culture results.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Godden
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA.
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Kerr AJ, Broad J, Wells S, Riddell T, Jackson R. Should the first priority in cardiovascular risk management be those with prior cardiovascular disease? Heart 2008; 95:125-9. [DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2007.140905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Macdonald S, Erickson P, Wells S, Hathaway A, Pakula B. Predicting violence among cocaine, cannabis, and alcohol treatment clients. Addict Behav 2008; 33:201-5. [PMID: 17689875 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2007.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2006] [Revised: 05/24/2007] [Accepted: 07/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the relationship between the use of various substances, selected psychosocial characteristics, and violence was examined. Groups of subjects in treatment for a primary problem with cocaine (n=300), cannabis (n=128), alcohol (n=110), other drugs (33), tobacco (n=249) or gambling (n=199) completed a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire included questions on various psychosocial scales (i.e., aggressive personality, chronic stress, sleep problems, impulsivity, disrespect for the law and social supports), frequency of drug and alcohol use, and violence in the past year. For the univariate analyses, all of the drug and psychosocial variables were significantly related to violence. In the multivariate analyses, frequency of cocaine and alcohol use, disrespect for the law, aggressive personality, age and sex were significantly related to violence. The findings point to multi-causal explanations; however, both alcohol and cocaine use appear to play a significant role in explaining violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Macdonald
- Centre for Addictions Research of BC, Canada.
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Swan H, Godden S, Bey R, Wells S, Fetrow J, Chester-Jones H. Passive transfer of immunoglobulin G and preweaning health in Holstein calves fed a commercial colostrum replacer. J Dairy Sci 2007; 90:3857-66. [PMID: 17638996 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2007-0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to describe passive transfer of IgG and preweaning health in newborn calves fed a commercially available plasma-derived colostrum replacement (CR) product or maternal colostrum (MC). Twelve commercial Holstein dairy farms enrolled singleton newborn heifer calves to be fed fresh MC (n = 239 calves) or one dose of CR containing 125 g of Ig (n = 218 calves) as the first colostrum feeding. For 7 of these farms that routinely provided a second feeding of 1.9 L of MC to their calves 8 to 12 h after the first colostrum feeding, calves assigned to the CR treatment group were offered a second feeding consisting of 1.9 L of commercial milk replacer supplemented with one dose of a commercially available plasma-derived colostrum supplement, containing 45 g of Ig per dose, 8 to 12 h after the first colostrum feeding. A blood sample was collected from all calves between 1 to 8 d of age for serum IgG and total protein (TP) determination, and records of all treatment and mortality events were collected until weaning. Serum IgG and TP concentrations were significantly higher in calves fed MC (IgG = 14.8 +/- 7.0 mg/mL; TP = 5.5 +/- 0.7 g/dL) compared with calves fed CR (IgG = 5.8 +/- 3.2 mg/mL; TP = 4.6 +/- 0.5 g/dL). The proportion of calves with failure of passive transfer (serum IgG <10.0 mg/mL) was 28.0 and 93.1% in the MC and CR treatment groups, respectively. Though a trend was present, the proportion of calves treated for illness was not statistically different for calves fed MC (51.9%) vs. CR (59.6%). Total number of days treated per calf (MC = 1.7; CR = 2.0), treatment costs per calf (MC = $10.84; CR = $11.88), and proportion of calves dying (MC = 10.0%; CR = 12.4%) was not different between the 2 colostrum treatment groups. The mean serum total protein concentration predictive of successful passive transfer (serum IgG = 10 mg/mL) was 5.0 g/dL in calves fed MC or CR. Long-term follow-up of these calves (to maturity) is ongoing to describe the effects of feeding CR on longevity, productivity, risk for Johne's disease, and economics.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Swan
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108, USA
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Stopeck A, Moulder S, Jones S, Cohen J, McDowell M, Cropp G, Zhong Z, Wells S, Hannah A, Burris H. Phase I trial of KOS-1584 (a novel epothilone) using two weekly dosing schedules. J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.2571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
2571 Background: KOS-1584 is an epothilone with increased potency and improved pharmacologic profile (enhanced water solubility, tumor penetration and reduced CNS exposure). Methods: Define the MTD, toxicity, PK, pharmacodynamics (PD), and early activity of KOS-1584 when administered to pts with advanced malignancies via 1-hr infusion on one of 2 schedules: Days 1, 8 & 15 every 4 weeks and Days 1 & 8 every 3 weeks. PD: assessed by serial sampling of PBMCs for soluble and polymerized microtubules by immunoblot. Methods: 37 pts enrolled in 10 cohorts (0.8 - 25 mg/m2) on the 4-week schedule (22 F; median age/ECOG/prior regimens of 56, 1 and 4, respectively). One pt has been enrolled at 16 mg/m2 on the 3-week schedule. For the 4-week schedule: DLTs were observed at 20 and 25 mg/m2; the 16 mg/m2 cohort is being expanded (using antidiarrheal prophylaxis). All episodes of DLT except 1 involved diarrhea with increasing severity after successive infusions despite maximal supportive care; 1 pt had typhlitis upon biopsy. An ovarian cancer pt experienced DLT consisting of Grade 3 weakness, neutropenia and peripheral sensory neuropathy (this pt had high plasma drug concentrations, possibly related to pre-existing severe hypoalbuminemia and ascites). Common all-grade drug- related toxicities (n=37): nausea (51%), diarrhea, fatigue (both 49%), vomiting (32%), anorexia (24%), constipation (24%), peripheral sensory neuropathy (19%) and anemia (16%). Neutropenia/leucopenia (Grade 1–2) observed at 16–25 mg/m2 dose levels. Except for the DLT involving peripheral neurotoxicity, all neurotoxicity was mild-to-moderate. PK (n=37): t½ 28.1 ± 8.7, Vz 627 ± 291 L, CL 18.0 ± 8.3 L/h. Cmax/AUC (25 mg/m2): 1,069 ± 2,456 ng/mL, 3,764 ± 2,579 ng/mL*h. Dose proportional increase in AUC and Cmax observed. ↑polymerized microtubules observed with maximal effect at end of infusion. Antitumor activity: NSCLC (1pt: confirmed PR; 10 cycles), ovarian cancer (1pt: 40% ↓CA125; 6 cycles), and H&N (1 pt: SD), these pts had all received doses ≥ 7.5 mg/m2. Conclusions: Accrual continues to define the optimal dose on both schedules; use of aggressive anti-diarrheal prophylaxis has been implemented. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Stopeck
- Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Sara Cannon Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Kosan Biosciences, Hayward, CA
| | - S. Moulder
- Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Sara Cannon Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Kosan Biosciences, Hayward, CA
| | - S. Jones
- Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Sara Cannon Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Kosan Biosciences, Hayward, CA
| | - J. Cohen
- Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Sara Cannon Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Kosan Biosciences, Hayward, CA
| | - M. McDowell
- Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Sara Cannon Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Kosan Biosciences, Hayward, CA
| | - G. Cropp
- Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Sara Cannon Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Kosan Biosciences, Hayward, CA
| | - Z. Zhong
- Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Sara Cannon Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Kosan Biosciences, Hayward, CA
| | - S. Wells
- Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Sara Cannon Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Kosan Biosciences, Hayward, CA
| | - A. Hannah
- Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Sara Cannon Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Kosan Biosciences, Hayward, CA
| | - H. Burris
- Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Sara Cannon Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Kosan Biosciences, Hayward, CA
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90
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Tucci V, Achilli F, Blanco G, Lad HV, Wells S, Godinho S, Nolan PM. Reaching and grasping phenotypes in the mouse (Mus musculus): a characterization of inbred strains and mutant lines. Neuroscience 2007; 147:573-82. [PMID: 17574766 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2007] [Revised: 04/17/2007] [Accepted: 04/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Skilled movements, such as reaching and grasping, have classically been considered as originating in the primate lineage. For this reason, the use of rodents to investigate the genetic and molecular machinery of reaching and grasping has been limited in research. A few studies in rodents have now shown that these movements are not exclusive to primates. Here we present a new test, the Mouse Reaching and Grasping (MoRaG) performance scale, intended to help researchers in the characterization of these motor behaviors in the mouse. Within the MoRaG test battery we identified early phenotypes for the characterization of motor neurone (Tg[SOD1-G93A](dl)1Gur mice) and neurodegenerative (TgN(HD82Gln)81Dbo transgenic mice) disease models in addition to specific motor deficits associated with aging (C3H/HeH inbred strain). We conclude that the MoRaG test can be used to further investigate complex neuromuscular, neurological, neurodegenerative and behavioral disorders. Moreover, our study supports the validity of the mouse as a model for reaching and grasping studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Tucci
- MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK.
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91
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Edirimanne S, Mckenzie K, Wells S, Dijkstra B. BS11 THE ROLE OF PRE-OPERATIVE MRI IN PATIENTS WITH INVASIVE LOBULAR CARCINOMA OF BREAST. ANZ J Surg 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-2197.2007.04114_11.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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92
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Broad J, Marshall R, Wells S, Kerr A, Jackson R. Use of the Framingham Score in Predicting CVD for Primary Care Patients With, and Without, a History of CVD. Heart Lung Circ 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2007.06.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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93
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Wells S. My Elective in Shanghai – Experiencing the Use of Acupuncture in China. Acupunct Med 2006; 24:184-7. [PMID: 17264838 DOI: 10.1136/aim.24.4.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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94
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Tucker B, Hepperle C, Kortschak D, Rainbird B, Wells S, Oates AC, Lardelli M. Zebrafish Angiotensin II Receptor-like 1a (agtrl1a) is expressed in migrating hypoblast, vasculature, and in multiple embryonic epithelia. Gene Expr Patterns 2006; 7:258-65. [PMID: 17085078 DOI: 10.1016/j.modgep.2006.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2006] [Revised: 09/14/2006] [Accepted: 09/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The human gene AGTRL1 is an angiotensin II receptor-like gene expressed in vasculature, which acts as the receptor for the small peptide APELIN, and a co-receptor for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Mammalian AGTRL1 has been shown to modulate cardiac contractility, venous and arterial dilation, and endothelial cell migration in vitro, but no role in the development of the vasculature, or other tissues, has been described. We report the identification and expression of the zebrafish ortholog of the human gene AGTRL1. Zebrafish agtrl1a is first expressed before epiboly in dorsal precursors. During epiboly it is expressed in the enveloping layer, yolk syncytial layer and migrating mesendoderm. During segmentation stages, expression is observed in epithelial structures such as adaxial cells, border cells of the newly formed somites, developing lens, otic vesicles and venous vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Tucker
- Centre for the Molecular Genetics of Development and Discipline of Genetics, School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, The University of Adelaide, 5005, SA, Australia
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95
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McMartin S, Godden S, Metzger L, Feirtag J, Bey R, Stabel J, Goyal S, Fetrow J, Wells S, Chester-Jones H. Heat treatment of bovine colostrum. I: effects of temperature on viscosity and immunoglobulin G level. J Dairy Sci 2006; 89:2110-8. [PMID: 16702277 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(06)72281-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify the critical temperature, at or below which heat-treatment of bovine colostrum would produce no significant changes in viscosity, IgG concentration, or Ig activity. Results of preliminary work, using a Rapid Visco Analyzer (RVA) to heat 50-mL aliquots from 6 unique batches of bovine colostrum at 59, 60, 61, 62, and 63 degrees C, suggested that colostrum could be heated to 60 degrees C for up to 120 min without changing viscosity or IgG concentration. This finding was confirmed by heating 50-mL aliquots from 30 unique batches of colostrum in an RVA for 120 min at 60 and 63 degrees C. Heating colostrum to 63 degrees C resulted in an estimated 34% decrease in IgG concentration and 33% increase in viscosity. However, there was no difference in IgG concentration between preheat-treated (73.4 +/- 26.5 mg/mL) and post-heat-treated (74.5 +/- 24.3 mg/mL) samples after heating colostrum to 60 degrees C in an RVA for 120 min. Similarly, viscosity was unaffected after heating colostrum to 60 degrees C in an RVA for 120 min. High quality colostrum (> or =73.0 mg/mL) suffered greater losses of IgG and greater viscosity changes when heated to 63 degrees C than did moderate quality colostrum (<73.0 mg/mL). However, the effects of colostrum quality were minor if high quality colostrum was only heated to 60 degrees C. The results of a bovine viral diarrhea serum neutralization assay suggested that antibody activity was unchanged after heating colostrum to either 60 or 63 degrees C. However, these results were interpreted as being inconclusive due to a high proportion of missing results because of the congealing of many samples after heat treatment. The results of this study indicate that 50-mL volumes of bovine colostrum can be heat treated at 60 degrees C for up to 120 min in an RVA without affecting IgG concentration or viscosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S McMartin
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108, USA
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96
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Wells S, You YN, Lakhani V, Hou J, Langmuir P, Headley D, Skinner M, Morse M, Burch W, Schlumberger M. A phase II trial of ZD6474 in patients with hereditary metastatic medullary thyroid cancer. J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.5533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
5533 Background: Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is the most common cause of death in patients with hereditary syndromes caused by specific mutations in the RET protooncogene. RET activation is the oncogenic event, which results in intrinsic RET receptor tyrosine kinase activity, but other pathways, such as VEGFR- and EGFR-dependent signaling, also participate in tumor growth and development. ZD6474 is a once-daily oral agent that selectively targets RET, VEGFR and EGFR tyrosine kinases. The clinical activity of ZD6474 was evaluated in patients with hereditary MTC. Methods: In this open-label Phase II study, patients with unresectable, measurable, locally advanced or metastatic hereditary MTC and a RET germline mutation received once-daily oral doses of ZD6474 300 mg. The primary objective was to assess the objective tumor response (RECIST). Secondary objectives included assessments of biochemical response (determined by changes in plasma levels of calcitonin [CTN]) and safety/tolerability of ZD6474. An exploratory objective was to measure plasma levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Results: As of 30 November 2005, 16 patients (6 male/10 female; median age 50 years, range 22–77) had entered the study and received initial treatment with ZD6474 300mg. The median duration of treatment was 136 days (range 16–353). Fifteen patients were evaluable for tumor response, CTN, and CEA. Objective tumor assessments have demonstrated partial responses in 3 patients (n = 2 confirmed; n = 1 unconfirmed), stable disease in 10 patients (n = 8, ≥8 and <24 weeks; n = 2, ≥24 weeks) and progressive disease in 2 patients. A >50% decrease from baseline in plasma CTN levels has been maintained for at least 4 weeks in 12/15 patients; a decrease in plasma CEA levels of the same magnitude and duration has been observed in 6/15 patients. Common adverse events (AEs) were diarrhea (n = 12) and nausea, rash and fatigue (each n = 11). CTC grade 3 AEs attributable to ZD6474 were QTc interval prolongation (n = 3), and diarrhea, skin rash and hypertension (each n = 2). Conclusions: ZD6474 shows promising evidence of clinical activity in patients with hereditary MTC. These are preliminary data and patients are still being recruited to this ongoing study. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Wells
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; AstraZeneca, Wilmington, DE; Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Y. N. You
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; AstraZeneca, Wilmington, DE; Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - V. Lakhani
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; AstraZeneca, Wilmington, DE; Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - J. Hou
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; AstraZeneca, Wilmington, DE; Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - P. Langmuir
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; AstraZeneca, Wilmington, DE; Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - D. Headley
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; AstraZeneca, Wilmington, DE; Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - M. Skinner
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; AstraZeneca, Wilmington, DE; Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - M. Morse
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; AstraZeneca, Wilmington, DE; Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - W. Burch
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; AstraZeneca, Wilmington, DE; Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - M. Schlumberger
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; AstraZeneca, Wilmington, DE; Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
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97
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Wells S, Bennett A, Walsh P, Owens S, Peauroi J. Clinical usefulness of intradermal fluorescein and patent blue violet dyes for sentinel lymph node identification in dogs. Vet Comp Oncol 2006; 4:114-22. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5810.2006.00099.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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98
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Wells S, Ayers A. Heparan sulfate proteoglycan expression in differentiating chondrocyte cultures. FASEB J 2006. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.20.5.lb57-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Wells
- Albertson College of Idaho2112 Cleveland BlvdCaldwellID83605
| | - Art Ayers
- Albertson College of Idaho2112 Cleveland BlvdCaldwellID83605
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99
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Tucker M, Dove M, Keen D, Goodwin A, Wells S, Hui Q. Getting the most from total scattering. Acta Crystallogr A 2005. [DOI: 10.1107/s010876730509598x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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100
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Hayes SJ, Wells S, Harake J, Henderson JJ, Malcolm AJ. Fibrocartilagenous mesenchymoma of bone: the youngest reported case in a patient aged 1 year and 7 months. J Clin Pathol 2005; 58:782-3. [PMID: 15976352 PMCID: PMC1770726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S J Hayes
- Department of Histopathology, Hope Hospital, Stott Lane, Salford M6 8HD, UK;
| | - S Wells
- Department of Histopathology, Royal Bolton Hospital, Farnworth, Bolton BL4 0JR, UK
| | - J Harake
- Department of Radiology, Royal Bolton Hospital
| | - J J Henderson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Royal Bolton Hospital
| | - A J Malcolm
- Department of Histopathology, Royal Shrewsbury Hospital, Shrewsbury SY3 8XQ, UK
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