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Wu PH, Chen XM, Liu XQ, He JL, Feng Q, Lan X, Zhang X, Geng YQ, Wang YX, Ding YB. Activation of tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptor gene expression following DNA demethylation in placental choriocarcinoma and transformed cell lines. Reprod Fertil Dev 2015; 28:RD14408. [PMID: 26014898 DOI: 10.1071/rd14408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We characterised DNA methylation and gene expression of four tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptors DR4, DR5, DcR1 and DcR2 in three choriocarcinoma (JAR, JEG-3, BeWo) and two transformed (HTR-8/SVneo and HPT-8) cell lines. DR4 mRNA was detected in JAR, JEG-3, BeWo and HTR-8/SVneo cells, whereas DR5 was present in all detected cells. DcR1 transcripts were expressed only in JAR, JEG-3 and BeWo cells, whereas DcR2 transcripts were detected only in HTR-8/SVneo and HPT-8 cells. Hypermethylated DR4 promoter was observed in JAR, JEG-3, BeWo and HTR-8/SVneo cells, hypermethylated DcR1 promoter in HTR-8/SVneo and HPT-8 cells and hypermethylated DcR2 promoter in JAR, JEG-3 and BeWo cells. Restoration of DR4, DcR1 and DcR2 expression with decreased DNA methylation of these genes was induced by the DNA demethylation agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-CdR) in trophoblast cells, whereas DR5 expression did not exhibit any change. Significant negative correlation between the expression and DNA methylation of these genes was also observed. In all tested cell lines, only HPT-8 demonstrated sensitivity to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Combined treatment with 5-aza-CdR and TRAIL resulted in apoptosis in JAR, JEG-3, BeWo and HTR-8/SVneo cells but not in HPT-8 cells. The results indicate that DNA methylation is associated with TRAIL receptor expression and might be involved in trophoblast apoptosis.
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Fu LJ, Ding YB, Wu LX, Wen CJ, Qu Q, Zhang X, Zhou HH. The Effects of Lycopene on the Methylation of the GSTP1 Promoter and Global Methylation in Prostatic Cancer Cell Lines PC3 and LNCaP. Int J Endocrinol 2014; 2014:620165. [PMID: 25389438 PMCID: PMC4217342 DOI: 10.1155/2014/620165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA (cytosine-5-) methylation silencing of GSTP1 function occurs in prostate adenocarcinoma (PCa). Previous studies have shown that there is an inverse relationship between dietary lycopene intake and the risk of PCa. However, it is unknown whether lycopene reactivates the tumor suppressor gene glutathioneS-transferase-π (GSTP1) by demethylation of the hypermethylated CpGs that act to silence the GSTP1 promoter. Here, we demonstrated that lycopene treatment significantly decreased the methylation levels of the GSTP1 promoter and increased the mRNA and protein levels of GSTP1 in an androgen-independent PC-3 cell line. In contrast, lycopene treatment did not demethylate the GSTP1 promoter or increase GSTP1 expression in the androgen-dependent LNCaP cell line. DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) 3A protein levels were downregulated in PC-3 cells following lycopene treatment; however, DNMT1 and DNMT3B levels were unchanged. Furthermore, the long interspersed element (LINE-1) and short interspersed element ALU were not demethylated when treated by lycopene. In LNCaP cells, lycopene treatment did not affect any detected DNMT protein expression, and the methylation levels of LINE-1 and ALU were decreased. These results indicated that the protective effect of lycopene on the prostate is different between androgen-dependent and androgen-independent derived PCa cells. Further, in vivo studies should be conducted to confirm these promising results and to evaluate the potential role of lycopene in the protection of the prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Fu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing 400016, China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yu-Bin Ding
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lan-Xiang Wu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Chun-Jie Wen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qiang Qu
- Pharmacogenetics Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hong-Hao Zhou
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing 400016, China
- *Hong-Hao Zhou:
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Li R, He J, Chen X, Ding Y, Wang Y, Long C, Shen L, Liu X. Mmu-miR-193 is involved in embryo implantation in mouse uterus by regulating GRB7 gene expression. Reprod Sci 2013; 21:733-42. [PMID: 24336674 DOI: 10.1177/1933719113512535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Embryo implantation is a complicated process involving a series of endometrial changes that depend on differential gene expression. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important for regulation of gene expression. Previous studies have shown that miRNAs may participate in the regulation of gene expression during embryo implantation. To explore the role of endometrial miRNAs in early murine pregnancy, we used microarrays to investigate whether miRNAs were differentially expressed in the mouse endometrium on pregnancy day 4 (D4) and day 6 (D6). The results demonstrated that 17 miRNAs were upregulated and 18 were downregulated (>2-fold) in D6 endometria compared to D4. We identified that mmu-miR-193 exhibited the highest upregulation on D6, and the upregulation of mmu-miR-193 before embryo implantation could reduce the embryo implantation rate. Further, we demonstrated that mmu-miR-193 influenced embryo implantation by regulating growth factor receptor-bound protein 7 expression. In summary, our study suggests that mmu-miR-193 plays an important role in embryo implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- 1Laboratory of Reproduction Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Cheng SQ, Xia YY, He JL, Liu XQ, Chen XM, Ding YB, Wang YX, Peng B, Tu BJ. Neurotoxic effect of subacute benzo(a)pyrene exposure on gene and protein expression in Sprague-Dawley rats. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2013; 36:648-658. [PMID: 23892282 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2013.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Benzo(a)pyrene (B[a]P) is an environmental carcinogen that induces tumors in many animal species, but the neurotoxic effects of B[a]P have not been well studied. In the present study, we investigated the effects of subacute exposure to B[a]P in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Male rats received daily injections of either B[a]P (0, 1, 2.5, or 6.25mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle for 45 days. Exposure to B[a]P affected the behavior of rats in the Morris water maze test. Gene microarray and real-time PCR analyses revealed that exposure to B[a]P affected signal transduction in the rat hippocampus. Protein microarray analysis revealed that altered protein expression played a role in cell death in the functional annotation cluster analysis. Finally, major vault protein was found to display low cDNA and protein expression levels. The present study explored some of the possible mechanisms underlying B[a]P neurotoxicity and provided evidence that B[a]P plays a neurotoxic role in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Qun Cheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Chongqing Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin-Yin Xia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Chongqing Medical University, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun-Lin He
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Chongqing Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Qing Liu
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Chongqing Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Mei Chen
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Chongqing Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Bin Ding
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Chongqing Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Xiong Wang
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Chongqing Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Peng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Chongqing Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Bai-Jie Tu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Chongqing Medical University, People's Republic of China.
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Shen LJ, He JL, Yang DH, Ding YB, Chen XM, Geng YQ, Liu SJ, Liu XQ, Wang YX. Mmu-microRNA-200a overexpression leads to implantation defect by targeting phosphatase and tensin homolog in mouse uterus. Reprod Sci 2013; 20:1518-28. [PMID: 23690337 DOI: 10.1177/1933719113488453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Successful mouse embryo implantation requires a receptive uterus and an activated blastocyst. A large number of genes, cytokines, and other factors are involved in the process. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate the expression of many genes, and previous studies have investigated the relationship between miRNA expression and embryo implantation. In this study, we show that mmu-microRNA-200a (mmu-miR-200a) is expressed in a spatiatemporal manner during implantation in mouse uterus and found that phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), SON, and programmed cell death 4 (Pdcd4) are the target genes of mmu-miR-200a by bioinformatics analysis. In vitro gain and loss of function experiments confirm that PTEN, a critical gene for cell proliferation and apoptosis, is the target gene of mmu-miR-200a. Our experiments also show that injection of the uterine horn with mmu-miR-200a lentivirus leads to a decreased implantation rate. Collectively, our results suggest that mmu-miR-200a affects embryo implantation by regulating PTEN protein expression. Thus, clarifying the physiological functions of uterine miRNAs will help to elucidate the embryo implantation process and may even contribute to curing infertility and inventing new contraceptives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Ju Shen
- 1Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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Ding YB, Long CL, Liu XQ, Chen XM, Guo LR, Xia YY, He JL, Wang YX. 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine leads to reduced embryo implantation and reduced expression of DNA methyltransferases and essential endometrial genes. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45364. [PMID: 23028963 PMCID: PMC3460940 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The DNA demethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-CdR) incorporates into DNA and decreases DNA methylation, sparking interest in its use as a potential therapeutic agent. We aimed to determine the effects of maternal 5-aza-CdR treatment on embryo implantation in the mouse and to evaluate whether these effects are associated with decreased levels of DNA methyltransferases (Dnmts) and three genes (estrogen receptor α [Esr1], progesterone receptor [Pgr], and homeobox A10 [Hoxa10]) that are vital for control of endometrial changes during implantation. METHODS AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Mice treated with 5-aza-CdR had a dose-dependent decrease in number of implantation sites, with defected endometrial decidualization and stromal cell proliferation. Western blot analysis on pseudo-pregnant day 3 (PD3) showed that 0.1 mg/kg 5-aza-CdR significantly repressed Dnmt3a protein level, and 0.5 mg/kg 5-aza-CdR significantly repressed Dnmt1, Dnmt3a, and Dnmt3b protein levels in the endometrium. On PD5, mice showed significantly decreased Dnmt3a protein level with 0.1 mg/kg 5-aza-CdR, and significantly decreased Dnmt1 and Dnmt3a with 0.5 mg/kg 5-aza-CdR. Immunohistochemical staining showed that 5-aza-CdR repressed DNMT expression in a cell type-specific fashion within the uterus, including decreased expression of Dnmt1 in luminal and/or glandular epithelium and of Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b in stroma. Furthermore, the 5' flanking regions of the Esr1, Pgr, and Hoxa10 were hypomethylated on PD5. Interestingly, the higher (0.5 mg/kg) dose of 5-aza-CdR decreased protein expression of Esr1, Pgr, and Hoxa10 in the endometrium on PD5 in both methylation-dependent and methylation-independent manners. CONCLUSIONS The effects of 5-aza-CdR on embryo implantation in mice were associated with altered expression of endometrial Dnmts and genes controlling endometrial changes, suggesting that altered gene methylation, and not cytotoxicity alone, contributes to implantation defects induced by 5-aza-CdR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Bin Ding
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-Lan Long
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue-Qing Liu
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue-Mei Chen
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang-Rui Guo
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yin-Yin Xia
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun-Lin He
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying-Xiong Wang
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
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Ding YB, He JL, Liu XQ, Chen XM, Long CL, Wang YX. Expression of DNA methyltransferases in the mouse uterus during early pregnancy and susceptibility to dietary folate deficiency. Reproduction 2012; 144:91-100. [PMID: 22580371 DOI: 10.1530/rep-12-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
We have characterized the uterine expression of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) during early pregnancy in mice and determined whether a folate-deficient diet (FDD) can affect DNMTs in this context. Within endometrial cells, expressions of DNMT (cytosine-5) 1 (Dnmt1), Dnmt3a, and Dnmt3b were significantly elevated during the prereceptive phase of pregnancy but generally returned to baseline levels during receptive and postimplantation periods. As such, the transcription of DNMT genes is temporally regulated during early pregnancy. When comparisons were made between implantation sites (IS) and inter-IS on day 5 of pregnancy, lower levels of Dnmt3a were detected at IS. Comparisons between IS and inter-IS did not reveal significant expression differences for other DNMT genes. When tissue sections were examined, DNMT3A was specifically lower in the stroma of IS. Reduced DNMT1 and DNMT3B levels were also observed in the luminal and glandular epithelia of IS, whereas no obvious differences in the stroma were detected. In pseudo-pregnant mice subjected to a FDD, levels of Dnmt1 and Dnmt3a (but not Dnmt3b) were significantly upregulated in endometrial tissues, as compared with controls. When tissues from these folate-deficient mice were examined, DNMT1 levels were elevated in both the luminal and glandular epithelia, whereas DNMT3A was upregulated in the luminal epithelium and the stroma. A slight increase in DNMT3B levels was detected in the glandular epithelium. These results indicate that DNMTs may regulate the transcription of endometrial genes associated with embryo implantation and that levels of DNMTs are affected by dietary folate in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y B Ding
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Box 197, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
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Huang P, Yu C, Liu XQ, Ding YB, Wang YX, He JL. Cytotoxicity of tubeimoside I in human choriocarcinoma JEG-3 cells by induction of cytochrome c release and apoptosis via the mitochondrial-related signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2011; 28:579-87. [PMID: 21687933 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2011.727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play important roles in the intrinsic pathways that trigger apoptosis. Anticancer chemotherapies eliminate cancer cells mainly through the induction of apoptosis. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism of the cytotoxic effects of tubeimoside I (TBMS1) on the human choriocarcinoma cell line (JEG-3). Choriocarcinoma is one of the most common malignant tumors in the reproductive system. TBMS1, a triterpenoid saponin, isolated from the tubers of Bolbostemma paniculatum (Maxim) Franquet (Cucurbitaceae), showed potent antitumor effects. However, the potential roles of TBMS1 in the treatment of choriocarcinoma remain unknown. In the present study, we examined the effects of TBMS1 on JEG-3 cells. TBMS1 displayed strong growth inhibitory effects on JEG-3 cell growth. In addition, TBMS1 treatment with TBMS1 led to marked cell apoptosis, significant cell cycle arrest at G2 phase and decrease in mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm). Cytochrome c was released from the mitochondria and caspase-3 expression was enhanced. Furthermore, TBMS1 induced the up-regulation of Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) expression, down-regulation of Bcl-2 expression, inhibition of nuclear factor-κ-B (NF-κB) function and impacted the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38/MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK)1/2 and protein kinase B (Akt). Taken together, our findings suggest that TBMS1 is an efficient apoptosis-inducing agent for choriocarcinoma cells, which exerts its effects, at least partially, by the induction of mitochondrial dysfunction and regulation of the p38/MAPK, ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Huang
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
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Gao RF, He JL, Liu XQ, Ding YB, Chen XM, Chen Q, Tan Y, Wang YX. Evaluation of IGF2 imprinting status and the levels of folate biomarkers in second trimester pregnant Chinese women. J Reprod Med 2011; 56:254-260. [PMID: 21682122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the relationship between folate biomarkers levels and IGF2 imprinting status among second trimester pregnant Chinese women. STUDY DESIGN Three hundred women in their second trimester were screened by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) for analysis of IGF2 imprinting status. Statistical differences of folate biomarkers levels were calculated in the groups with different imprinting status. RESULTS Of the 300 women analyzed, 133 (44.33%) cases were homozygous allele with A, 3 (1.00%) cases were homozygous allele with G, while 164 (54.67%) cases were heterozygous with A and G, qualifying them for analysis of loss of imprinting (LOI). Among the 164 cases undergoing LOI analysis, 44 (26.83%) were IGF2 LOI cases, while 120 (73.17%) were IGF2 retention of imprinting (ROI) ones. The mean level of serum folate, vitamin B12 and tHcy was 28.46 +/- 10.74 ng/mL, 380.20 +/- 206.13 pg/mL, 14.24 +/- 6.34 micromol/L among women with IGF2 ROI, and 30.89 +/- 9.97 ng/mL, 394.28 +/- 195.92 pg/ mL, and 13.12 +/- 6.23 micromol/L among women with IGF2 LOI, respectively. CONCLUSION No significant difference of folate biomarkers levels was observed between IGF2 ROI and IGF2 LOI groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Fei Gao
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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Cheng SQ, He JL, Dong YL, Liu XQ, Ding YB, Gao RF, Tan Y, Ye Q, Tian ZL, Wang YX. Characterization of calreticulin expression in mouse endometrium during embryo implantation. Biol Res 2010; 42:505-516. [PMID: 20140306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Calreticulin (CRT), a Ca(2+)-binding storage protein and chaperone in the endoplasmic reticulum, modulates cell adhesiveness and integrin-dependent Ca(2+) signaling. However, the role of CRT during implantation remains poorly understood. In the present study, we characterized the expression of CRT mRNA and the protein in mouse endometria from pregnancy DI to D7. Real-Time PCR and in situ hybridization results showed that the levels of CRT mRNA in the endometria of pregnant mice were significantly higher than those of non-pregnant mice (P<0.05), and increased gradually from pregnancy DI to D4, reaching the máximum level on D4, followed by a plateau from D4 to D7. Using immunofluorescence histochemistry and western blot, changes of CRT expression in the endometria of pregnant mice were consistent with the expression of CRT mRNA. Furthermore, antisense CRT oligodeoxynucleotide was injected into the uterus horns of pregnant mice (D3) to investígate its effect on embryo implantation. The result showed that the number of implanted embryos markedly decreased in the side of uterine horns receiving antisense CRT oligodeoxynucleotide(í(>)<0.05). These findings suggest that CRT may play an important role in embryo implantation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Qun Cheng
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
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Chang CH, Ding YB, Li XQ, Wang JX, Zhu JJ. Projection scheme for handling large-number cancellation related to gauge invariance. Phys Rev D Part Fields 1996; 54:6963-6969. [PMID: 10020706 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.54.6963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Ding YB, Chao KT, Qin DH. Possible effects of color screening and large string tension in heavy quarkonium spectra. Phys Rev D Part Fields 1995; 51:5064-5068. [PMID: 10018981 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.51.5064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Ding YB, Qin DH, Chao KT. Electric dipole transitions of psi (3770) and S-D mixing between psi (3686) and psi (3770). Phys Rev D Part Fields 1991; 44:3562-3566. [PMID: 10013817 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.44.3562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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