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Pasquier J, Rioult D, Abu-Kaoud N, Hoarau-Véchot J, Marin M, Le Foll F. Evidence for P-Glycoprotein Involvement in Cell Volume Regulation Using Coulter Sizing in Flow Cytometry. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:14318-37. [PMID: 26114386 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160714318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of cell volume is an essential function that is coupled to a variety of physiological processes such as receptor recycling, excitability and contraction, cell proliferation, migration, and programmed cell death. Under stress, cells undergo emergency swelling and respond to such a phenomenon with a regulatory volume decrease (RVD) where they release cellular ions, and other osmolytes as well as a concomitant loss of water. The link between P-glycoprotein, a transmembrane transporter, and cell volume regulation is controversial, and changes in cells volume are measured using microscopy or electrophysiology. For instance, by using the patch-clamp method, our team demonstrated that chloride currents activated in the RVD were more intense and rapid in a breast cancer cell line overexpressing the P-glycoprotein (P-gp). The Cell Lab Quanta SC is a flow cytometry system that simultaneously measures electronic volume, side scatter and three fluorescent colors; altogether this provides unsurpassed population resolution and accurate cell counting. Therefore, here we propose a novel method to follow cellular volume. By using the Coulter-type channel of the cytometer Cell Lab Quanta SC MPL (multi-platform loading), we demonstrated a role for the P-gp during different osmotic treatments, but also a differential activity of the P-gp through the cell cycle. Altogether, our data strongly suggests a role of P-gp in cell volume regulation.
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Sekhar S, Sampath-Kumara KK, Niranjana SR, Prakash HS. Attenuation of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species with suppression of inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages by bark extract of Buchanania lanzan. Pharmacogn Mag 2015; 11:283-91. [PMID: 25829766 PMCID: PMC4378125 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.153080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Oxidative stress is one of the most critical factors implicated in disease conditions. Buchanania lanzan Spr. (Anacardiaceae) bark powder preparation has been reported for treating an inflammatory condition in the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Objective: In the present study, we investigate the effect of the bark methanol extract (BLM) on reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), the expression of protein and mRNA of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) to provide scientific validation of the above said medicinal property. Materials and Methods: The capacity to quench ROS and RNS was evaluated by 5-(and-6) chloromethyl-20,70-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate acetyl ester fluorescence and nitrite estimations in LPS/SNP-stimulated macrophages respectively. The protein and transcript expression of iNOS was evaluated through Western Blot and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis respectively. Results: Macrophages pretreated with BLM (>100 μg/mL) for 24 h, stimulated with LPS for the last 18 h of experimental duration recorded a significantly (P < 0.05) reduced levels of ROS (3.45-fold) against LPS-stimulated conditions (5.7-fold). SNP-stimulation resulted in increased NO accumulation (17-fold) which was neutralized by BLM at >100 μg/ml (1.6-fold) credited to a reduced protein and mRNA expression of iNOS as recorded by Western blots and RT-PCR results respectively. The reversed-phase liquid chromatography-diode array detection analysis identified the presence of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, quercetin and p-coumaric acid (Rt values 5.444, 5.569 and 9.580 respectively). Conclusions: The potential of BLM inhibiting ROS/RNS production validates the medical use of bark, could find beneficial application under conditions of immune stimulation and/or bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailasree Sekhar
- Institution of Excellence, Vijnana Bhavana, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - K K Sampath-Kumara
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - S R Niranjana
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - H S Prakash
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka, India
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Khvedelidze M, Mdzinarashvili T, Shekiladze E, Schneider M, Moersdorf D, Bernhardt I. Structure of drug delivery DPPA and DPPC liposomes with ligands and their permeability through cells. J Liposome Res 2014; 25:20-31. [PMID: 24766638 DOI: 10.3109/08982104.2014.911316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and 1,2-palmitoyl-phosphatidic acid (DPPA) liposomes, prepared by conventional rotary evaporation method, have similar structural organization, though they have significant differences. The similarity is that both types of lipids create standard bilayer liposomes with strong hydrophobic forces between lipids tails and with homogeneous bonds of hydrogen and electrostatic nature between hydrophilic lipids heads. By the calorimetric method, it has been shown that hydrophobic bonds break but liposomes' destruction does not occur by heating till 150 °C. As for bonds between lipid heads in liposomes, their cooperative destruction takes place at 41 °C for DPPC and 66 °C for DPPA liposomes. In the case of thermal distraction of DPPC liposomes, two so-called pre transitions peaks were observed before the main transition peak, which indicates that DPPC liposomes' structure is multilamellar. DPPA liposomes have one cooperative heat absorption peak, which points to a unilamellar structure of such liposomes. Substances of hydrophobic/hydrophilic nature, incorporated into the liposomes, are placed in hydrophobic or hydrophilic parts of liposomes, which lead to a change in calorimetric peak shapes and thermodynamic parameters. It has been shown that gold nanoparticles, incorporated into the DPPC liposomes, are able to enter Caco-2 cells. In contrast, these nanoparticles do not enter red blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Khvedelidze
- Institute of Medical and Applied Biophysics, I. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University , Tbilisi , Georgia
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Keyhani A, Riazi-Rad F, Pakzad SR, Ajdary S. Human polymorphonuclear leukocytes produce cytokines in response to Leishmania major promastigotes. APMIS 2014; 122:891-7. [PMID: 24698213 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) release cytokines that may influence the development of the subsequent adaptive immune response. Little is known about cytokines produced by human PMN in response to Leishmania (L.). In this study, mRNA expression of Interleukin (IL)-12p40, IL-12p35, Interferon (IFN)-γ, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, IL-1, and IL-4 in PMN of volunteers stimulated with L. major promastigotes has been investigated by real-time PCR and the results were confirmed by flow cytometer. The results showed that L. major did not induce mRNA expression of IL12p40, IL12p35, IFN-γ, and TGF-β in PMN, while IL-1 and IL-4 mRNA were induced. Flow cytometry results confirmed no IFN-γ production by PMN with or without stimulation. IL-12p70 was present in untreated and L. major-treated PMN, and these cells release IL-12 following incubation with L. major. Significant amount of IL-1 even without treatment with promastigotes was detected in PMN. Moreover, the proportion of PMN, which produce IL-1 in response to L. major, was increased compared with the percent of unstimulated IL-1-producing PMN. The results showed the accumulation of small amounts of IL-4 in PMN after stimulation. In conclusion, our results indicate that IL-12 and IL-1 are pre-stored in human PMN, nor L. major induces IL-1 and IL-4, but not IL-12, IFN-γ, nor TGF-β expression in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Keyhani
- Islamic Azad University-Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch (IAUPS), Tehran, Iran
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Vijayavel T, Aswath N. Correlation between histological grading and ploidy status in potentially malignant disorders of the oral mucosa: A flow cytometric analysis. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2013; 17:169-75. [PMID: 24250073 PMCID: PMC3830221 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.119747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Histopathological grading of oral dysplastic lesions is the method of choice for evaluating malignant and potentially malignant disorders. Owing to inter- and intra-observer variability, determination of the DNA ploidy status of lesions may serve as an adjunct in the prediction of malignant transformation. Aim: To correlate histopathological grading and ploidy status in potentially malignant and malignant disorders of the oral mucosa. Settings and Design: A pilot study was done with 30 patients (10 patients with oral potentially malignant disorders predominantly leukoplakia, 10 patients with oral malignant lesions and 10 patients with normal mucosa). Materials and Methods: Incisional biopsy was done after isolating the biopsy site with 1% Toluidine blue staining. Two sections of the tissue were removed and sent for histopathological and Flow-cytometric analysis respectively. Histopathological diagnosis was obtained and compared with Flow-cytometric results which were graded as diploid and aneuploid. Further, the S – phase fraction, DNA index were also calculated to evaluate the severity of malignant transformation or malignancy. Statistical Analysis: The results were analyzed using Pearson Chi-Square Test. Results: There exists a significant correlation between histopathology and ploidy status in both potentially malignant and malignant group. (P = 0.002). Conclusion: The data from this study has shown that DNA Ploidy analysis can be used as a valuable tool in assessing the carcinomatous progression of potentially malignant and malignant lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Vijayavel
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Madha Dental College and Hospital, The Tamil Nadu Dr. M. G. R. Medical University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Aszalos A, Taylor BJ. Flow cytometric evaluation of multidrug resistance proteins. Methods Mol Biol 2010; 596:123-39. [PMID: 19949923 PMCID: PMC7325859 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-416-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
There are several ways to detect proteins on cells. One quite frequently used method is flow cytometry. This method needs fluorescently labeled antibodies that can attach selectively to the protein to be investigated for flow cytometric detection. Flow cytometry scans individual cells, virtually without their surrounding liquid, and can scan many cells in a very short time. Because of this advantage of flow cytometry, it was adapted to investigate transport proteins on normal and cancerous human cells and cell lines. These transport proteins play important roles in human metabolism. Absorption in the intestine, excretion at the kidney, protection of the CNS compartment and the fetus from xenobiotics, and other vital functions depend on these transporters. However, several transporters are overexpressed in cancer cells. These overexpressed transporters pump out anticancer drugs from the cells and prevent their curative effects. The detection and quantitation of these types of transporters in cancer cells is important for this reason. Here, we review literature on flow cytometric detection of the three most studied transporters: P-glycoprotein, multidrug resistance-associated proteins, and breast cancer resistance protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adorjan Aszalos
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Mas S, Roy S, Blouin F, Mostajir B, Therriault JC, Nozais C, Demers S. DIEL VARIATIONS IN OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF IMANTONIA ROTUNDA (HAPTOPHYCEAE) AND THALASSIOSIRA PSEUDONANA (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE) EXPOSED TO DIFFERENT IRRADIANCE LEVELS(1). J Phycol 2008; 44:551-563. [PMID: 27041415 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2008.00501.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Diel variations of cellular optical properties were examined for cultures of the haptophyte Imantonia rotunda N. Reynolds and the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana (Hust.) Hasle et Heimdal grown under a 14:10 light:dark (L:D) cycle and transferred from 100 μmol photons · m(-2) · s(-1) to higher irradiances of 250 and 500 μmol photons · m(-2) · s(-1) . Cell volume and abundance, phytoplankton absorption coefficients, flow-cytometric light scattering and chl fluorescence, and pigment composition were measured every 2 h over a 24 h period. Results showed that cell division was more synchronous for I. rotunda than for T. pseudonana. Several variables exhibited diel variability with an amplitude >100%, notably mean cell volume for the haptophyte and photoprotective carotenoids for both species, while optical properties such as flow-cytometric scattering and chl a-specific phytoplankton absorption generally showed <50% diel variability. Increased irradiance induced changes in pigments (both species) and mean cell volume (for the diatom) and amplified diel variability for most variables. This increase in amplitude is larger for pigments (factor of 2 or more, notably for cellular photoprotective carotenoid content in I. rotunda and for photosynthetic pigments in T. pseudonana) than for optical properties (a factor of 1.5 for chl a-specific absorption, at 440 nm, in I. rotunda and a factor of 2 for the absorption cross-section and the chl a-specific scattering in T. pseudonana). Consequently, diel changes in optical properties and pigmentation associated with the L:D cycle and amplified by concurrent changes in irradiance likely contribute significantly to the variability in optical properties observed in biooptical field studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Mas
- Institut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Québec G5L3A1, CanadaCNRS-GDR 2476 Réseaux Trophiques Aquatiques et UMR 5119 Ecosystèmes Lagunaires, CNRS/Université Montpellier II, Case 093, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, FranceInstitut Maurice-Lamontagne, Ministère des Pêches et des Océans, 850 route de la Mer, Mont-Joli, Québec G5H 3Z4, CanadaInstitut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Québec G5L3A1, Canada
| | - Suzanne Roy
- Institut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Québec G5L3A1, CanadaCNRS-GDR 2476 Réseaux Trophiques Aquatiques et UMR 5119 Ecosystèmes Lagunaires, CNRS/Université Montpellier II, Case 093, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, FranceInstitut Maurice-Lamontagne, Ministère des Pêches et des Océans, 850 route de la Mer, Mont-Joli, Québec G5H 3Z4, CanadaInstitut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Québec G5L3A1, Canada
| | - Frédérick Blouin
- Institut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Québec G5L3A1, CanadaCNRS-GDR 2476 Réseaux Trophiques Aquatiques et UMR 5119 Ecosystèmes Lagunaires, CNRS/Université Montpellier II, Case 093, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, FranceInstitut Maurice-Lamontagne, Ministère des Pêches et des Océans, 850 route de la Mer, Mont-Joli, Québec G5H 3Z4, CanadaInstitut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Québec G5L3A1, Canada
| | - Behzad Mostajir
- Institut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Québec G5L3A1, CanadaCNRS-GDR 2476 Réseaux Trophiques Aquatiques et UMR 5119 Ecosystèmes Lagunaires, CNRS/Université Montpellier II, Case 093, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, FranceInstitut Maurice-Lamontagne, Ministère des Pêches et des Océans, 850 route de la Mer, Mont-Joli, Québec G5H 3Z4, CanadaInstitut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Québec G5L3A1, Canada
| | - Jean-Claude Therriault
- Institut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Québec G5L3A1, CanadaCNRS-GDR 2476 Réseaux Trophiques Aquatiques et UMR 5119 Ecosystèmes Lagunaires, CNRS/Université Montpellier II, Case 093, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, FranceInstitut Maurice-Lamontagne, Ministère des Pêches et des Océans, 850 route de la Mer, Mont-Joli, Québec G5H 3Z4, CanadaInstitut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Québec G5L3A1, Canada
| | - Christian Nozais
- Institut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Québec G5L3A1, CanadaCNRS-GDR 2476 Réseaux Trophiques Aquatiques et UMR 5119 Ecosystèmes Lagunaires, CNRS/Université Montpellier II, Case 093, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, FranceInstitut Maurice-Lamontagne, Ministère des Pêches et des Océans, 850 route de la Mer, Mont-Joli, Québec G5H 3Z4, CanadaInstitut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Québec G5L3A1, Canada
| | - Serge Demers
- Institut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Québec G5L3A1, CanadaCNRS-GDR 2476 Réseaux Trophiques Aquatiques et UMR 5119 Ecosystèmes Lagunaires, CNRS/Université Montpellier II, Case 093, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, FranceInstitut Maurice-Lamontagne, Ministère des Pêches et des Océans, 850 route de la Mer, Mont-Joli, Québec G5H 3Z4, CanadaInstitut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Québec G5L3A1, Canada
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Schwartz A, Wang L, Early E, Gaigalas A, Zhang YZ, Marti GE, Vogt RF. Quantitating Fluorescence Intensity from Fluorophore: The Definition of MESF Assignment. J Res Natl Inst Stand Technol 2002; 107:83-91. [PMID: 27446720 PMCID: PMC4865278 DOI: 10.6028/jres.107.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2001] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The quantitation of fluorescence radiance may at first suggest the need to obtain the number of fluorophore that are responsible for the measured fluorescence radiance. This goal is beset by many difficulties since the fluorescence radiance depends on three parameters 1) the probability of absorbing a photon (molar extinction), 2) the number of fluorophores, and 3) the probability of radiative decay of the excited state (quantum yield). If we use the same fluorophore in the reference solution and the analyte then, to a good approximation, the molar extinction drops out from the comparison of fluorescence radiance and we are left with the comparison of fluorescence yield which is defined as the product of fluorophore concentration and the molecular quantum yield. The equality of fluorescence yields from two solutions leads to the notion of equivalent number of fluorophores in the two solutions that is the basis for assignment of MESF (Molecules of Equivalent Soluble Fluorophore) values. We discuss how MESF values are assigned to labeled microbeads and by extension to labeled antibodies, and how these assignments can lead to the estimate of the number of bound antibodies in flow cytometer measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abe Schwartz
- Center for Quantitative Cytometry, PO Box 194344, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00919
| | - Lili Wang
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8312
| | - Edward Early
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8312
| | - Adolfas Gaigalas
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8312
| | - Yu-Zhong Zhang
- Molecular Probes, Inc., PO Box 22010, Eugene, OR 97402-0469
| | - Gerald E Marti
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, NIH Building 29B, Room 2NN08, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Robert F Vogt
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, CDC, Mailstop F19, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341
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