Aerobic photooxidative synthesis of 2-aryl-4-quinazolinones from aromatic aldehydes and aminobenzamide using catalytic amounts of molecular iodine

This study reports a safe, mild, and environmentally benign synthetic method toward 2-aryl-4-quinazolinones through a cyclization–oxidation sequence using a catalytic amount of iodine, harmless visible light irradiation, and molecular oxygen.

Aerobic photooxidative direct asymmetric aldol reactions of benzyl alcohols using water as the solvent

We report an aerobic photooxidative direct asymmetric aldol reaction using water as the solvent.

Synthesis of benzoyl cyanide through aerobic photooxidation of benzyl cyanide using carbon tetrabromide as a catalyst

We developed a synthetic method toward benzoyl cyanide through aerobic photooxidation of benzyl cyanide in the presence of carbon tetrabromide under visible light irradiation with fluorescent lamps.

Risk factors of symptomatic NSAID-induced small intestinal injury and diaphragm disease

BACKGROUND

The aetiology for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced small intestinal injuries has not been well characterised.

AIM

To determine the risk factors of symptomatic NSAID-induced small intestinal injuries, including diaphragm disease.

METHODS

Of the 1262 symptomatic patients who underwent videocapsule endoscopy and/or double-balloon enteroscopy, 156 consecutive patients were verified as having taken NSAIDs. Their CYP2C9*2, *3 and *13 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were determined by allelic discrimination with Taqman 5'-nuclease assays.

RESULTS

Of the 156 NSAIDs users, 31 patients (20%) were diagnosed with NSAID-induced small intestinal injury. Multivariate analysis indicated that the presence of comorbidities and the use of oxicams (meloxicam, ampiroxicam and lornoxicam) or diclofenac were associated with an increased risk of NSAID-induced small intestinal injury (adjusted OR: 2.97, 95% CI: 1.05-8.41, P = 0.041 and adjusted OR: 7.05, 95% CI: 2.04-24.40, P = 0.002, respectively). The combination of aspirin and non-aspirin NSAID was more damaging than aspirin alone. Age, sex, concomitant use of proton pump inhibitors, indications for NSAIDs use, duration of NSAIDs use and CYP2C9*2, *3 and *13SNPs were unrelated. The use of meloxicam and CYP2C9*3SNPs were significantly associated with an increased risk for diaphragm disease (adjusted OR: 183.75, 95% CI: 21.34-1582.38; P < 0.0001 and adjusted OR: 12.94, 95% CI: 1.55-108.36, P = 0.018, respectively).

CONCLUSION

The use of specific NSAIDs and the factors interfering with NSAIDs metabolism might associate with small intestinal injury, especially with diaphragm disease.

Ultrafast time-resolved magneto-optical imaging of all-optical switching in GdFeCo with femtosecond time-resolution and a μm spatial-resolution

We developed an ultrafast time-resolved magneto-optical (MO) imaging system with several millidegree resolution of light polarization angle, 100 fs time-resolution, and a micrometer spatial resolution. A CCD camera with about 10(6) pixels is used for detection and MO images with an absolute angle of the light polarization are acquired by the rotating analyzer method. By optimizing the analysis procedure with a least square method and the help of graphical processor units, this novel system significantly improves the speed for MO imaging, allowing to obtain a MO map of a sample within 15 s. To demonstrate the strength of the technique, we applied the method in a pump-and-probe experiment of all-optical switching in a GdFeCo sample in which we were able to detect temporal evolution of the MO images with sub-picosecond resolution.

Endoscopic diagnosis of follicular lymphoma with small-bowel involvement using video capsule endoscopy and double-balloon endoscopy: a case series

The aims of this study were to compare the detection rates of gastrointestinal follicular lymphoma lesions by video capsule endoscopy (VCE) and double-balloon endoscopy (DBE), and to determine the pathologic diagnostic yields of DBE-directed biopsies. A total of 27 consecutive patients were enrolled. No significant difference in detection rates was observed in 12 patients who underwent total enteroscopy at both VCE and DBE. Pathologic diagnostic yields stratified by location were 91 % in the proximal duodenum at esophagogastroduodenoscopy, 88 % in the jejunum at antegrade DBE, 52 % in the ileum at retrograde DBE, and 57 % in the terminal ileum at colonoscopy. VCE and DBE were helpful in determining treatment in 44 % of patients.

Laser-induced magnetic nanostructures with tunable topological properties

We report the creation and real-space observation of magnetic structures with well-defined topological properties and a lateral size as low as about 150 nm. They are generated in a thin ferrimagnetic film by ultrashort single optical laser pulses. Thanks to their topological properties, such structures can be classified as Skyrmions of a particular type that does not require an externally applied magnetic field for stabilization. Besides Skyrmions, we are able to generate magnetic features with topological characteristics that can be tuned by changing the laser fluence. The stability of such features is accounted for by an analytical model based on the interplay between the exchange and the magnetic dipole-dipole interactions.

Element-specific probing of ultrafast spin dynamics in multisublattice magnets with visible light

We demonstrate the feasibility of element-specific probing of ultrafast spin dynamics in the multisublattice magnet TbFe in the visible spectral range. In particular, we show that one can selectively study the dynamics of Tb and Fe sublattices choosing the wavelength of light below and above 610 nm, respectively. We observe that, despite their antiferromagnetic coupling in the ground state, the Tb and Fe spins temporarily align ferromagnetically after excitation with an intense 55-fs laser pulse, after which they relax to their initial states due to the strong anisotropy in Tb.

Twofold spontaneous symmetry breaking in the heavy-fermion superconductor UPt3

The field-orientation dependent thermal conductivity of the heavy-fermion superconductor UPt3 was measured down to very low temperatures and under magnetic fields throughout the distinct superconducting phases: B and C phases. In the C phase, a striking twofold oscillation of the thermal conductivity within the basal plane is resolved reflecting the superconducting gap structure with a line of node along the a axis. Moreover, we find an abrupt vanishing of the oscillation across a transition to the B phase, as a clear indication of a change of gap symmetries. We also identify extra two line nodes below and above the equator in both B and C phases. From these results together with the symmetry consideration, the gap function of UPt3 is determined as a E(1u) representation characterized by a combination of two line nodes at the tropics and point nodes at the poles.

Role of magnetic circular dichroism in all-optical magnetic recording

Using magneto-optical microscopy in combination with ellipsometry measurements, we show that all-optical switching with polarized femtosecond laser pulses in ferrimagnetic GdFeCo is subjected to a threshold fluence absorbed in the magnetic layer, independent of either the excitation wavelength or the polarization of the laser pulse. Furthermore, we present a quantitative explanation of the intensity window in which all-optical helicity-dependent switching (AO-HDS) occurs, based on magnetic circular dichroism. This explanation is consistent with all the experimental findings on AO-HDS so far, varying from single- to multiple-shot experiments. The presented results give a solid understanding of the origin of AO-HDS, and give novel insights into the physics of ultrafast, laser controlled magnetism.