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Suzuki A, Hirokawa M, Takada N, Masuoka H, Miyauchi A. Thyroid follicular adenoma with numerous intracytoplasmic lumina mimicking yellow bodies: a case report. Cytopathology 2016; 27:495-498. [PMID: 27146719 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.12339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Miyauchi A, Monden Y, Osaka H, Takahashi Y, Yamagata T. A case of anti-NMDAR encephalitis presented hypotensive shock during plasma exchange. Brain Dev 2016; 38:427-30. [PMID: 26524986 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We are reporting on a case of pediatric anti-NMDAR encephalitis with autonomic instability. The patient showed little response to first-line treatment of steroid and IVIG. We initiated plasma exchange, also a first-line treatment. This worsened his autonomic instability, resulting in hypotensive shock. He responded well to rituximab and cyclophosphamide, second-line therapies. Anti-NMDAR encephalitis is often accompanied by autonomic instability. Our and other reported cases, raise the question of plasma exchange as a first-line therapy for pediatric NMDAR encephalitis, which is frequently accompanied by autonomic instability. Plasma exchange should be performed cautiously in such patients.
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Yasuoka H, Tsujimoto M, Hirokawa M, Tori M, Nakahara M, Miyauchi A, Kodama R, Sanke T, Nakamura Y. Podocalyxin expression in undifferentiated thyroid carcinomas. J Clin Pathol 2015; 61:1228-9. [PMID: 18955579 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2008.059956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Mizuno M, Matsumoto A, Hamada N, Ito H, Miyauchi A, Jimbo EF, Momoi MY, Tabata H, Yamagata T, Nagata KI. Role of an adaptor protein Lin-7B in brain development: possible involvement in autism spectrum disorders. J Neurochem 2014; 132:61-9. [PMID: 25196215 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Using comparative genomic hybridization analysis for an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patient, a 73-Kb duplication at 19q13.33 (nt. 49 562 755-49 635 956) including LIN7B and 5 other genes was detected. We then identified a novel frameshift mutation in LIN7B in another ASD patient. Since LIN7B encodes a scaffold protein essential for neuronal function, we analyzed the role of Lin-7B in the development of cerebral cortex. Acute knockdown of Lin-7B with in utero electroporation caused a delay in neuronal migration during corticogenesis. When Lin-7B was knocked down in cortical neurons in one hemisphere, their axons failed to extend efficiently into the contralateral hemisphere after leaving the corpus callosum. Meanwhile, enhanced expression of Lin-7B had no effects on both cortical neuron migration and axon growth. Notably, silencing of Lin-7B did not affect the proliferation of neuronal progenitors and stem cells. Taken together, Lin-7B was found to play a pivotal role in corticogenesis through the regulation of excitatory neuron migration and interhemispheric axon growth, while further analyses are required to directly link functional defects of Lin-7B to ASD pathophysiology. Lin-7 plays a pivotal role as a scaffold protein in synaptic development and plasticity. Based on genetic analyses we identified mutations in LIN-7B gene in some ASD (autism-spectrum disorder) patients. Functional defects in Lin-7B caused abnormal neuronal migration and interhemispheric axon growth during mouse brain development. Thus, functional deficiency in Lin-7B could be implicated in clinical phenotypes in some ASD patients through bringing about abnormal cortical architecture.
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Miyauchi A, Monden Y, Watanabe M, Sugie H, Morita M, Kezuka T, Momoi M, Yamagata T. Persistent presence of the anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein autoantibody in a pediatric case of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis followed by optic neuritis. Neuropediatrics 2014; 45:196-9. [PMID: 24610298 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1371179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We report the case of a 5-year-old Japanese girl who initially had acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) and was positive for the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies and developed unilateral optic neuritis (ON) 71 days after ADEM onset. The patient's serum was positive for the anti-MOG antibodies from the onset of ADEM to the development of ON. This phenotype has been reported in only two previous articles, and the specific mechanism of action of the anti-MOG antibodies is not yet understood. Our case suggests that the anti-MOG antibody can be associated with the pathogenesis of ADEM followed by ON. Thus, patients with ADEM who test positive for the anti-MOG antibody may be at risk of developing subsequent ON.
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Yamada Y, Miyauchi A, Takagi Y, Tanaka M, Mizuno M, Harada A. Association of the C–509→T polymorphism, alone or in combination with the T869→C polymorphism, of the transforming growth factor-β1 gene with bone mineral density and genetic susceptibility to osteoporosis in Japanese women. J Mol Med (Berl) 2014; 79:149-56. [PMID: 11357939 DOI: 10.1007/s001090100190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta1 is an important local regulator of bone metabolism, acting downstream of estrogen and cooperatively with vitamin D. The possible association of a C 509-->T polymorphism in the promoter region of the transforming growth factor-beta1 gene, alone or in combination with a T869-->C (Leu10-->Pro) polymorphism, with bone mineral density and genetic susceptibility to osteoporosis was investigated in 625 postmenopausal Japanese women. The frequencies of the CC, CT, and TT genotypes of the C-509-->T polymorphism in the study population were 24%, 49%, and 27%, respectively. A significant association of C-509-->T genotype with bone mineral density was detected: lumbar spine (L2-L4) and total body bone mineral density values were 7% and 5% lower, respectively, in individuals with the TT genotype than in those with the CT or CC genotype. The serum concentration of transforming growth factor-beta1 did not vary with C-509-->T genotype. Multivariable logistic regression analysis, with adjustment for age, height, body weight, time since menopause, smoking status, body fat mass, and lean mass, revealed a significantly higher frequency of the TT genotype of the C-509-->T polymorphism in 286 individuals with osteoporosis than in 170 normal controls. Analysis of combined C-509-->T and T869-->C genotypes showed that L2-L4 bone mineral density decreases and the prevalence of osteoporosis increases with the number of T alleles. These results suggest that the C-509-->T polymorphism, alone or in combination with the T869-->C polymorphism, of the transforming growth factor-beta1 gene is a genetic determinant of bone mass, and that the number of T alleles in the combined genotype is a risk factor for the genetic susceptibility to osteoporosis in postmenopausal Japanese women.
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Takagi N, Hirokawa M, Nobuoka Y, Higuchi M, Kuma S, Miyauchi A. Diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: a study of fine needle aspiration cytology in 20 patients. Cytopathology 2013; 25:199-204. [PMID: 23781895 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.12076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (DSV-PTC) is a rare variant and reports describing the cytological findings are few. PATIENTS AND METHODS We studied 24 cytological samples from thyroid fine needle aspirates of 20 patients with DSV-PTC. The specimens were taken from 14 non-nodular lesions and 10 nodules. RESULTS All aspirates taken from both non-nodular lesions and nodules had sufficient cellularity. The carcinoma cells frequently (70-100%) appeared as solid cell balls and hollow balls, and showed a hobnail pattern, squamous differentiation, septate cytoplasmic vacuoles and large unilocular vacuoles. Most of the carcinoma cells seem to be taken from the lumen of dilated lymph vessels. Ground glass nuclear chromatin, intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions and grooved nuclei were infrequent (50% or less). In the background, a large number of lymphocytes and abundant psammoma bodies were almost always seen. CONCLUSIONS Cytological findings of DSV-PTC are as follows: (1) solid cell balls and/or hollow balls containing lymphocytes; (2) hobnail cells; (3) septate cytoplasmic vacuoles; (4) large unilocular vacuoles; (5) squamous differentiation; (6) abundant psammoma bodies; (7) lymphocytic background; and (8) the absence or relative lack of characteristic nuclear features of papillary carcinoma. When DSV-PTC is suspected by ultrasound examination, the aspiration cytology from a non-nodular area of the thyroid can led us to the diagnosis of the variant.
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Kim-Kaneyama JR, Miyauchi A, Lei XF, Arita S, Mino T, Takeda N, Kou K, Eto K, Yoshida T, Miyazaki T, Shioda S, Miyazaki A. Identification of Hic-5 as a novel regulatory factor for integrin αIIbβ3 activation and platelet aggregation in mice. J Thromb Haemost 2012; 10:1867-74. [PMID: 22812543 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2012.04856.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Integrin αIIbβ3 plays key roles in platelet aggregation and subsequent thrombus formation. Hydrogen peroxide-inducible clone-5 (Hic-5), a member of the paxillin family, serves as a focal adhesion adaptor protein associated with αIIbβ3 at its cytoplasmic strand. OBJECTIVES Hic-5 function in αIIbβ3 activation and subsequent platelet aggregation remains unknown. To address this question, platelets from Hic-5(-/-) mice were analyzed. METHODS AND RESULTS Hic-5(-/-) mice displayed a significant hemostatic defect and resistance to thromboembolism, which were explained in part by weaker thrombin-induced aggregation in Hic-5(-/-) platelets. Mechanistically, Hic-5(-/-) platelets showed limited activation of αIIbβ3 upon thrombin treatment. Morphological alteration in Hic-5(-/-) platelets after thrombin stimulation on fibrinogen plates was also limited. As a direct consequence, the quantity of actin co-immunoprecipitating with the activated αIIbβ3 was smaller in Hic-5(-/-) platelets than in wild-type platelets. CONCLUSION We identified Hic-5 as a novel and specific regulatory factor for thrombin-induced αIIbβ3 activation and subsequent platelet aggregation in mice.
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Nishihara E, Chen CR, Mizutori-Sasai Y, Ito M, Kubota S, Amino N, Miyauchi A, Rapoport B. Deletion of thyrotropin receptor residue Asp403 in a hyperfunctioning thyroid nodule provides insight into the role of the ectodomain in ligand-induced receptor activation. J Endocrinol Invest 2012; 35:49-53. [PMID: 21597314 DOI: 10.3275/7738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Somatic mutations of the TSH receptor (TSHR) gene are the main cause of autonomously functioning thyroid nodules. Except for mutations in ectodomain residue S281, all of the numerous reported activating mutations are in the TSHR membrane-spanning region. Here, we describe a patient with a toxic adenoma with a novel heterozygous somatic mutation caused by deletion of ectodomain residue Asp403 (Del-D403). Subsequent in vitro functional studies of the Del-D403 TSHR mutation demonstrated greatly increased ligand-independent constitutive activity, 8-fold above that of the wild-type TSHR. TSH stimulation had little further effect, indicating that the mutation produced near maximal activation of the receptor. In summary, we report only the second TSHR ectodomain activating mutation (and the first ectodomain deletion mutation) responsible for development of a thyroid toxic adenoma. Because Del-D403 causes near maximal activation, our finding provides novel insight into TSHR structure and function; residue D403 is more likely to be involved in the ligand-mediated activating pathway than in the ectodomain inverse agonist property.
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Matsuse M, Takahashi M, Mitsutake N, Nishihara E, Hirokawa M, Kawaguchi T, Rogounovitch T, Saenko V, Bychkov A, Suzuki K, Matsuo K, Tajima K, Miyauchi A, Yamada R, Matsuda F, Yamashita S. The FOXE1 and NKX2-1 loci are associated with susceptibility to papillary thyroid carcinoma in the Japanese population. J Med Genet 2011; 48:645-8. [DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2011-100063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Miyauchi A, Okabe TH. Development of New Manufacturing Technology for Vanadium Metal and Alloys. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.2320/jinstmet.74.701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Nishihara E, Amino N, Ohye H, Ota H, Ito M, Kubota S, Fukata S, Miyauchi A. Extent of hypoechogenic area in the thyroid is related with thyroid dysfunction after subacute thyroiditis. J Endocrinol Invest 2009; 32:33-6. [PMID: 19337012 DOI: 10.1007/bf03345675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To gain an insight into risk factors for hypothyroidism after subacute thyroiditis (SAT), we examined the correlation between initial laboratory and ultrasonographic findings and sequential thyroid dysfunction among treatment modalities. PATIENTS We reviewed retrospectively the medical records of 252 patients (26 men and 226 women) with SAT who consecutively visited our thyroid clinic at Kuma Hospital for at least 6 months from 1996 through 2004. RESULTS Throughout the course, 135 patients (53.6%) developed transient or permanent hypothyroidism. Levels of TSH were most often elevated (greater than 5 IU/ml) 2 months after SAT onset regardless of treatment, and 97.0% of patients who showed transient or permanent hypothyroidism clustered within 6 months from onset. During follow-up, patients treated with prednisone (PSL) were more likely to have normal thyroid function than patients not treated or those receiving anti-inflammatory drug therapy. In patients who developed hypothyroidism with PSL treatment or without treatment, the rates of bilateral hypoechogenic areas (HEA) were 6-fold higher than those of unilateral HEA. Moreover, permanent hypothyroidism occurred in 5.9% of patients, and all patients with permanent hypothyroidism presented initially with bilateral HEA and had consequently small thyroid size with or without abnormal autoimmunity. CONCLUSIONS The rates of thyroid dysfunction after SAT were significantly lower in patients receiving PSL. Extent of HEA in the thyroid, but not laboratory findings, may be a possible marker for developing thyroid dysfunction after SAT.
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Fujita T, Oue M, Fujii Y, Miyauchi A, Takagi Y. Analgesic and Chondroprotective Effects of Risedronate in Osteoarthritis Assessed by Electroalgometry and Measurement of Collagen Type II Fragments in Urine. J Int Med Res 2008; 36:932-41. [DOI: 10.1177/147323000803600509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the effect of the bisphosphonate, risedronate, on pain and cartilage metabolism in 33 patients with osteoarthritis of the knee, randomized into two groups. Group RC was treated with risedronate (2.5 mg/day) and calcium (900 mg/day); group C received calcium (900 mg/day) alone. Pain on exercise was estimated using a subjective visual rating scale (VRS) and an electroalgometric method of measuring decrease in skin impedance, previously shown to be indicative of pain. We measured urinary excretion of cartilage-specific collagen type II fragments as a marker of cartilage degradation. Multiple regression analysis revealed that pain alleviation as measured by skin impedance, but not VRS, was associated with a decrease in collagen fragment excretion. This suggests that, for pain evaluation, reduction in skin impedance may have a greater physiological basis compared with VRS-based evaluation. We consider that the chondroprotective and analgesic effects of risedronate may be related.
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Sakagami T, Miyauchi A, Hase T, Fuchizaki K. Equation of state for the low-pressure crystalline phase of tin tetraiodide. Acta Crystallogr A 2008. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767308080240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Maeda I, Yamada H, Takano T, Nishihara E, Ito Y, Matsuzuka F, Miya A, Kobayashi K, Yoshida H, Miyauchi A, Hidaka Y. Increased expression levels of tensin3 mRNA in thyroid functional adenomas as compared to non-functioning adenomas. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2008; 117:191-3. [PMID: 18561090 DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1078742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Tensin3 is a member of tensin family which is localized in focal adhesion. In our previous study, a high level of tensin3 mRNA expression was observed in the thyroid but not in other tissues, thus, tensin3 gene was regarded as a novel thyroid-specific gene. The high expression level of tensin3 mRNA in normal thyroid tissue suggests some fundamental roles in thyroid functions. In fact, the expression level of tensin3 mRNA was low in most thyroid carcinomas and non-functioning thyroid follicular adenomas which do not produce thyroid hormone. In the present study, we measured the expression levels of tensin3 mRNA in twelve functional adenomas and compared the results with those in normal thyroid tissues, adenomatous goiters and non-functioning thyroid follicular adenomas. Tensin3 mRNA was expressed abundantly in all twelve functional adenomas at almost the same level as in normal thyroid tissues and adenomatous goiters, while its expression was significantly lower in non-functioning follicular adenomas. Considering these facts, an abundant expression of tensin3 mRNA is observed in tissues that produce thyroid hormone, which suggests some fundamental roles in basic thyroid functions.
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Takano T, Ito Y, Hirokawa M, Yoshida H, Miyauchi A. BRAF V600E mutation in anaplastic thyroid carcinomas and their accompanying differentiated carcinomas. Br J Cancer 2007; 96:1549-53. [PMID: 17453004 PMCID: PMC2359941 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Frequency of a BRAFV600E mutation in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, which is thought to be derived mainly from papillary carcinoma by multi-step carcinogenesis, is much lower than that in papillary carcinomas. To clarify this phenomenon, we analysed BRAFV600E mutation in 20 cases of anaplastic carcinoma and 13 accompanying differentiated carcinomas. Among twenty cases of anaplastic carcinomas, nine and four accompanied papillary and follicular carcinomas, respectively. BRAFV600E mutation was found in four (20%) cases. BRAFV600E mutation was found in three of nine (33.3%), none of four and one of seven (14.3%) anaplastic carcinomas with papillary carcinoma, follicular carcinoma and without differentiated components, respectively. All three papillary carcinomas accompanied by anaplastic carcinoma with a BRAFV600E mutation were also shown to have a BRAFV600E mutation. In summary, BRAFV600E mutation was occasionally observed in anaplastic carcinomas with papillary carcinoma, and the low frequency of BRAFV600E mutation in anaplastic carcinoma was thought to be due to the low frequency of anaplastic carcinomas with papillary carcinoma. These findings raise a question about the classical model of anaplastic transformation and suggest some roles of thyroid cancer stem cells in the generation of anaplastic carcinoma.
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Zuo H, Tang W, Yasuoka H, Nakamura Y, Ito Y, Miyauchi A, Kakudo K. A review of 227 cases of small papillary thyroid carcinoma. Eur J Surg Oncol 2007; 33:370-5. [PMID: 17071044 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2006.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2006] [Accepted: 09/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To review differences in biological aggressiveness, clinical behaviors or selected surgical treatments between the PMC and the slightly larger PTC of 1.0<T<or=2.0 cm. METHODS Two hundred and twenty-seven cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma not larger than 2.0 cm, diagnosed and treated at the Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Japan, with a 10-year follow-up from 1992 to 2003, were reviewed. RESULTS The small PTCs demonstrated excellent outcomes, and persistent/recurrent disease was identified in only nine patients (4%). None of the patients died of the disease. A multivariate analysis revealed that massive extrathyroidal extension at presentation was the only independent prognostic factor for locoregional recurrence. Subdivision into PMCs and slightly larger tumors (1<T<or=2 cm) did not affect the excellent outcomes, but the patients in the latter subgroup received more lymph node surgery and displayed more aggressive clinico-histological features such as higher rates of extrathyroidal extension, lymph node metastasis, loss of polarity, invasive growth pattern and loss of cohesiveness. CONCLUSIONS Small PTC not larger than 2.0 cm could be considered as favorable a prognosis as PMC.
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Kubota S, Kawaki H, Kondo S, Yosimichi G, Minato M, Nishida T, Hanagata H, Miyauchi A, Takigawa M. Multiple activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases by purified independent CCN2 modules in vascular endothelial cells and chondrocytes in culture. Biochimie 2006; 88:1973-81. [PMID: 16938382 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2006.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2006] [Accepted: 07/06/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
CCN2 consists of 4 distinct modules that are conserved among various CCN family protein members. From the N-terminus, insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP), von Willebrand factor type C repeat (VWC), thrombospondin type 1 repeat (TSP1) and C-terminal cysteine-knot (CT) modules are all aligned tandem therein. The multiple functionality of CCN2 is thought to be enabled by the differential use of these modules when interacting with other molecules. In this study, we independently prepared all 4 purified module proteins of human CCN2, utilizing a secretory production system with Brevibacillus choshinensis and thus evaluated the cell biological effects of such single modules. In human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs), VWC, TSP and CT modules, as well as a full-length CCN2, were capable of efficiently activating the ERK signal transduction cascade, whereas IGFBP was not. In contrast, the IGFBP module was found to prominently activate JNK in human chondrocytic HCS-2/8 cells, while the others showed similar effects at lower levels. In addition, ERK1/2 was modestly, but significantly activated by IGFBP and VWC in those cells. No single module, but a mixture of the 4 modules provoked a significant activation of p38 MAPK in HCS-2/8 cells, which was activated by the full-length CCN2. Therefore, the signals emitted by CCN2 can be highly differential, depending upon the cell types, which are thus enabled by the tetramodular structure. Furthermore, the cell biological effects of each module on these cells were also evaluated to clarify the relationship among the modules, the signaling pathways and biological outcomes. Our present results not only demonstrate that single CCN2 modules were potent activators of the intracellular signaling cascade to yield a biological response per se, while also providing new insight into the module-wise structural and functional relationship of a prototypic CCN family member, CCN2.
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Hiraiwa T, Kubota S, Imagawa A, Sasaki I, Ito M, Miyauchi A, Hanafusa T. Two cases of subacute thyroiditis presenting in pregnancy. J Endocrinol Invest 2006; 29:924-7. [PMID: 17185903 DOI: 10.1007/bf03349198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is an extremely rare cause of thyrotoxicosis in pregnant women. Untreated, thyrotoxicosis may result in complications, such as prematurity and congenital malformations in the fetus. We report two cases of first trimester subacute thyroiditis, one mild and one severe. The severe case, as demonstrated by laboratory and ultrasound findings, was successfully treated with prednisolone. In this case, it was thought that the benefits of pharmacological therapy outweighed the risk of potential teratogenesis by the medication. In contrast, the milder case was managed conservatively and resolved without treatment. These cases illustrate how laboratory and ultrasound findings can be used to determine whether treatment should be initiated and, once begun, if medication levels need to be adjusted. In both cases, the pregnancies resulted in healthy full-term infants.
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Hiraiwa T, Ito M, Imagawa A, Takamatsu J, Kuma K, Miyauchi A, Hanafusa T. Restriction of dietary Iodine does not ameliorate the early effect of anti-thyroid drug therapy for Graves' disease in an area of excessive iodine intake. J Endocrinol Invest 2006; 29:380-4. [PMID: 16699308 DOI: 10.1007/bf03344113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The close relationship between iodine intake and the effects of anti-thyroid drugs (ATD) for Graves' disease (GD) has been well established. However, it remains unknown whether restriction of dietary iodine improves the effect of ATD. This study aimed to clarify this issue in Japanese patients with GD who routinely ingest large amounts of dietary iodine. We performed a prospective clinical study in 81 patients with newly diagnosed GD who were divided into an iodine restricted group and a control group. Urinary iodine, thyroid hormones and TSH receptor antibody were measured during the first 8 weeks of ATD therapy. Urinary iodine concentrations in the iodine restricted group were significantly lower than in the control group (p=0.043). However, there were no significant differences in the decrease of thyroid hormones and TSH receptor antibody between the two groups. Restriction of dietary iodine does not ameliorate the effect of ATD therapy for GD in an area of excessive iodine intake.
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Ito Y, Yoshida H, Tomoda C, Uruno T, Miya A, Kobayashi K, Matsuzuka F, Kakudo K, Kuma K, Miyauchi A. Expression of S100A2 and S100A6 in thyroid carcinomas. Histopathology 2005; 46:569-75. [PMID: 15842639 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2005.02137.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS S100 calcium-binding proteins are known to play multiple roles in carcinoma development. In this study, we focused on two kinds of these proteins, S100A2 and S100A6, and investigated their expression in thyroid neoplasms. METHODS AND RESULTS We investigated S100A2 and S100A6 expression in 141 thyroid neoplasms by immunohistochemistry. S100A2 was not expressed in normal follicles or follicular tumours, with one exception. Although 89.5% of papillary carcinoma were positive for S100A2, the expression was heterogeneous except in two cases. In anaplastic carcinoma, 78.5% of cases expressed S100A2 diffusely, while the remaining cases were negative. In normal follicles, S100A6 expression was always low, while 8.3% of follicular adenomas and 39.5% of follicular carcinomas showed increased expression. In papillary carcinomas, S100A6 expression was increased in 75% of cases, but in anaplastic carcinomas it was decreased, with only 14.3% showing high expression. CONCLUSIONS The expression patterns of S100A2 and S100A6 in thyroid neoplasms are unique compared with those of other carcinomas, suggesting that: (i) S100A2 and S100A6 contribute to certain events in papillary carcinoma progression, and (ii) S100A2 expression is one of the biological characteristics of anaplastic carcinoma.
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Ito Y, Yoshida H, Uruno T, Nakano K, Takamura Y, Miya A, Kobayashi K, Yokozawa T, Matsuzuka F, Kuma K, Miyauchi A. Tie-1 tyrosine kinase expression in human thyroid neoplasms. Histopathology 2004; 44:318-22. [PMID: 15049896 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2003.01805.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate tie-1 expression in human thyroid neoplasms. Recent studies have demonstrated that receptor-type tyrosine kinases (RTKs) contribute to carcinoma progression. Tie-1 is one of the RTKs and plays a role in angiogenesis, although its pathophysiological significance in human carcinoma is still to be elucidated. METHODS AND RESULTS Immunohistochemical expression of tie-1 was studied in various thyroid neoplasms. Tie-1 immunoreactivity was only occasionally observed in normal follicular cells. In papillary carcinoma, tie-1 was classified as positive in carcinoma cells in 55.7% of the cases and was more frequently expressed in those of smaller size with an absence of a poorly differentiated lesion. In contrast, tie-1 was positive in only 8.3% of anaplastic carcinoma and no cases of follicular carcinoma or adenoma were positive. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that tie-1 has a role in thyroid tumorigenesis, especially in the early phase of papillary carcinoma, but it is not important in the progression of anaplastic carcinoma or follicular tumour.
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Kakudo K, Tang W, Ito Y, Mori I, Nakamura Y, Miyauchi A. Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid in Japan: subclassification of common type and identification of low risk group. J Clin Pathol 2004; 57:1041-6. [PMID: 15452157 PMCID: PMC1770442 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2004.017889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is classified into two subgroups-common type and other histological variants. Correlations between further subgrouping of the common type and patient prognosis are not well documented. AIMS To introduce two novel histological parameters to characterise PTC-loss of cellular polarity and loss of cellular cohesiveness. To investigate a new subgroup of common type PTC with possible prognostic value. METHODS In total, 213 patients with PTCs larger than 1 cm were studied. Histological characteristics of these PTCs, including tumour growth pattern, encapsulation, extrathyroidal invasion, loss of cellular polarity, and loss of cellular cohesiveness were examined and correlated with disease free survival (DFS). RESULTS Multivariate analysis revealed that invasive growth of unencapsulated PTC, in addition to sex (male) and tumour size (>4 cm) were significant and independent parameters for poor DFS, whereas loss of cellular polarity and cohesiveness, old age (>60 years), extrathyroid invasion, and completeness of surgery were significant only in univariate analysis. PTCs that showed expansive growth and retained cellular polarity had a favourable course, with no recurrence and no cancer related deaths. In contrast, PTCs exhibiting loss of cellular polarity and/or invasive growth with no tumour capsule had a higher risk of recurrence. CONCLUSION Cytological features alone cannot predict patient outcome in PTC. This study indicates for the first time that loss of cellular polarity and the tumour growth pattern are useful parameters for identifying the so called low risk group in common type PTC and in predicting patient outcome in terms of tumour recurrence and cancer related death.
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Yamamoto N, Watanabe M, Matsuzuka F, Miyauchi A, Iwatani Y. Lower concentration of serum soluble CD8 in severe Hashimoto's disease. Clin Exp Immunol 2004; 137:601-5. [PMID: 15320913 PMCID: PMC1809145 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2004.02576.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the roles of soluble CD4 (sCD4) and CD8 (sCD8) in the severity of autoimmune thyroid diseases, we examined serum concentrations of sCD4 and sCD8 in various degrees of severity of Hashimoto's disease (HD) and Graves' disease (GD) by enzyme immunoassay. The serum concentration of sCD8 was lower in euthyroid patients with HD undergoing treatment for hypothyroidism (severe HD) than in untreated, euthyroid patients with HD (mild HD), but the sCD4 concentration did not differ between patients with severe and mild HD. The serum sCD8 concentration was negatively correlated with the proportion of CD25(+) cells in CD8(+) cells in patients with severe HD. Serum sCD4 and sCD8 concentrations did not differ between euthyroid patients with GD in remission and those with intractable GD. These results indicate that serum sCD8 is involved in the severity of HD, possibly by down-regulating the function of cytotoxic T cells.
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Watanabe M, Yamamoto N, Matsuzuka F, Miyauchi A, Iwatani Y. Decrease of CD154 intensity on peripheral CD4+ T cells in autoimmune thyroid disease. Clin Exp Immunol 2004; 136:555-8. [PMID: 15147360 PMCID: PMC1809063 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2004.02482.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To clarify immunological differences among patients with Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's disease (HD) at various levels of severity, we examined the expression of the CD154 molecules on peripheral T cells, which regulate B cell activation, B cell differentiation, and T-cell survival. We found decreases in the intensities of CD154 on peripheral CD4(+) cells from euthyroid patients with GD and HD, but we did not find any differences between patients with different disease severities. CD8(+) cells did not express CD154 molecules. Thus, CD154 expression on CD4(+) cells may be related to the pathogenesis of the autoimmune thyroid diseases, not to the disease severity.
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