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Scicali, D'Erasmo L, Cluzel P, Redheuil A, Di Pino A, Rabuazzo A, Piro S, Arca M, Purrello F, Bruckert E, Gallo A. High TG to HDL ratio plays a significant role on atherosclerosis extension in prediabetes and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes subjects. Atherosclerosis 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.06.731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Gallo A, De Isla LP, Charrière S, Vimont A, Alonso R, Muñiz-Grijalvo O, Diaz-Diaz J, Zambon D, Moulin P, Bruckert E, Mata P, Azar Y. Coronary artery calcium score and safeheart-risk equation for risk stratification in primary prevention familial hypercholesterolemia. Atherosclerosis 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.06.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Bertaina A, Grimm P, Kristovich K, Barbarito G, Lippner E, Fathallah-Shaykh S, Al-Uzri A, van der Elst K, Agarwal R, Selpicka P, Shah A, Weinberg K, Parkman R, Roncarolo M, Gallo A, Conception W, Lewis D. Sequential hematopoietic stem cell and kidney transplantation in schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia: towards a model for establishing functional immune tolerance for solid organ transplantation. Cytotherapy 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1465324921004989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Tatarelli P, Romani T, Santoro V, Spezia M, Gallo A, Ripamonti G, Carducci M, Trotti C, Parisini A, Nicolini LA, Mikulska M, Borrè S, Bassetti M. Debridement, antibiotics and implant retention (DAIR): An effective treatment option for early prosthetic joint infections. J Infect Chemother 2021; 27:1162-1168. [PMID: 33781690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Debridement, antibiotics and implant retention (DAIR) is an attractive treatment option for prosthetic joint infections (PJIs). However, reported success rates and predictors of DAIR failure vary widely. The primary aim of this study is to report the outcome of DAIR in patients with hip and knee PJIs receiving short course of antibiotic therapy. The secondary aim is to identify risk factors for DAIR failure. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of all hip and knee PJIs consecutively diagnosed at Quadrante Orthopedic Center, an Italian orthopedic hospital highly specialized in prosthetic surgery, from January 1, 2013 to January 1, 2019, and we analyzed those treated with DAIR. RESULTS Forty-seven PJIs occurred after 5102 arthroplasty procedures. Twenty-one patients (45%) aged 71 years were treated with DAIR for hip (62%) and knee (38%) PJIs. These were classified as early PJIs in 76% cases, delayed in 19% and late in 5%. Median time from PJI-related symptoms onset to implant revision surgery was 12 days (IQR, 7-20 days). The median duration of antibiotic treatment after surgery was 63 days (IQR, 53-84 days). Sixteen (76%) patients were cured after a median follow-up of 2197 days (IQR, 815-2342 days), while 5 (24%) experienced failure. At multivariate analysis, delayed/late PJIs were significantly associated with failure (OR = 12.51; 95% CI 1.21-129.63, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS DAIR represents an effective strategy for the treatment of early PJIs in spite of short course of antibiotic therapy.
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Bisson R, Hodille E, Gaspar J, Douai D, Wauters T, Gallo A, Gunn J, Hakola A, Loarer T, Nouailletas R, Morales J, Pégourié B, Reux C, Sabot R, Tsitrone E, Vartanian S, Wang E, Fedorczak N, Brezinsek S. Deuterium and helium outgassing following plasma discharges in WEST: Delayed D outgassing during D-to-He changeover experiments studied with threshold ionization mass spectrometry. NUCLEAR MATERIALS AND ENERGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2020.100885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Simoni G, Bozzolan M, Bonnini S, Grassi A, Zucchini A, Mazzanti C, Oliva D, Caterino F, Gallo A, Da Roit M. Effectiveness of standard cervical physiotherapy plus diaphragm manual therapy on pain in patients with chronic neck pain: A randomized controlled trial. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2021; 26:481-491. [PMID: 33992285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2020.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Literature concerning the effect of diaphragm treatment to reduce neck pain symptoms is scarce. Aim of this trial was to investigate the effects of diaphragm manual therapy associated with standard physiotherapy treatment on pain in patients with Chronic Neck Pain (CNP). METHODS In a private practice clinic, subjects with CNP were randomly assigned to receive three 30-min treatment sessions of standard cervical physiotherapy and Diaphragm Manual Therapy (DMT) or Sham Diaphragm Technique (SDT). Participants and assessors were blinded to the assignment. Primary outcome was pain, secondary outcomes were cervical active range of motion, pain pressure threshold, disability and quality of life measured at baseline, before and after each session, at 3 and 6-months. Adverse events were monitored. A non-parametric multivariate approach (combined permutation test) was applied to assess the effect of the treatment on all the outcomes. An intention to treat analysis was performed. RESULTS Forty patients were randomly allocated to DMT and SDT groups. Combined permutation test showed a significant higher improvement in DMT group compared to SDT group (p-value = 0.0002). The between-group comparisons on single outcomes showed a statistically significant improvement only for pain pressure threshold on upper trapezius (adjusted p-value = 0.029). No adverse events related to the intervention were registered. CONCLUSIONS In patients with CNP, addition of diaphragm manual techniques to standard cervical treatment seems to give a better global outcome, but this improvement is of unclear clinical relevance; the primary outcome seems not to have a role. Further studies are needed to confirm and clarify these results. TRIAL REGISTRATION Release Date: July 18, 2017 Registered in ClinicalTrial.gov database ID: NCT03223285A.
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Laredo M, Lamy J, Bouazizi-Verdier K, Giron A, Diallo A, Gallo A, Cluzel P, Gandjbakhch E, Redheuil A, Kachenoura N. Capturing complex right ventricular wall motion abnormalities in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy by combining longitudinal and radial myocardial dynamics in feature-tracking MRI. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeaa356.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): INSERM Liliane Bettencourt doctoral grant
Background
Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is associated with complex spatial and temporal right ventricular (RV) wall motion abnormalities. While cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is the gold-standard imaging technique, its diagnosic performance remains suboptimal and additional CMR biomarkers reflecting ARVC pathophysiology are needed.
Purpose
To evaluate the performance of a CMR feature-tracking (FT)-derived parameter combining both longitudinal and radial RV deformation and motion for the characterization of RV wall motion abnormalities in ARVC.
Methods
Thirty-nine patients with definite or borderline ARVC (median age 45 years, interquartile range 31–51, 56% males) were compared to 20 healthy controls with comparable age, sex and weight distributions. All subjects had 1.5T CMR including short axis and 4-chamber views steady-state free precession acquisitions. A custom FT software adapted to RV wall segmentation and tracking was used to assess RV wall deformation and motion in the 3 space directions resulting in: 1) global longitudinal strain (GLS) estimated on the 4 chamber view from the RV free wall, 2) basal circumferential strain (BCS) and radial motion fraction (BRMF) estimated as an average of short-axis slices comprised in the RV third basal portion. To capture the complex RV motion in ARCV, a longitudinal to radial strain loop (LRSL) was displayed and its area was calculated.
Results
The ARVC group comprised 28 (72%) patients with definite and 11 (28%) with borderline diagnosis . As compared to controls, LVEF and RVEF were significantly lower in ARVC patients (61(interquartile range (IQR) 52-71) vs. 71%(IQR 55-88) , p = 0.03 and 47%(IQR 16-63) vs. 57%(IQR 49-63) , p = 0.02, respectively), LVEF remaining within normal range limits. While there was no significant difference in RV GLS between ARVC patients and controls (median -17.7%(IQR -24–15) vs. -17.5%(IQR -20.1–15.2), p = 0.67) , BCS and BRMF were significantly lower in ARVC patients vs. controls [-7.5%(IQR -12.3–8.4.) vs. -9.8%(IQR -13.8–8.6.), p = 0.004 and -12.2(IQR -14.4–8.7.) vs. -14.9%(IQR -16.6–13.2) p = 0.0007, respectively] . The LRSL area was significantly and markedly lower in ARVC patients vs. controls [70.6 (IQR 16.3-63.1) vs. 144.1 (IQR 110.4-251.3), p = 0.0002] . LRSL area outperformed RVEF, BCS and BRS in separating ARVC from controls (area under receiving operator characteristics curve 0.82 vs. 0.78, 0.73 and 0.78, respectively).
Conclusion
In ARVC, a FT-derived parameter combining longitudinal and radial RV wall deformation and motion provided better discrimination of ARVC patients from controls than conventional FT measurements. Its implementation in clinical practice may bolster CMR performance to characterize ARVC wall motion abnormalities.
Abstract Figure
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Bonora E, Dauriz M, Rinaldi E, Mantovani A, Boscari F, Mazzuccato M, Vedovato M, Gallo A, Toffanin E, Lapolla A, Fadini GP, Avogaro A. Assessment of simple strategies for identifying undiagnosed diabetes and prediabetes in the general population. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:75-81. [PMID: 32342446 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01270-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The rising tide of diabetes mellitus (DM) and prediabetes (PDM) is urgently calling for strategies easily applicable to anticipate diagnosis. We assessed the effectiveness of random capillary blood glucose (RCBG), administration of a validated DM risk questionnaire, or the combination of both. MATERIALS AND METHODS RCBG measurement and/or questionnaire administration were offered to all individuals presenting at gazebos organized during the World Diabetes Day or similar public initiatives on diabetes awareness. Subjects with suspicious DM or PDM were invited to the Diabetes Center (DC) for laboratory confirmation (fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c). RESULTS Among 8563 individuals without known diabetes undergoing RCBG measurement, 341 (4%) had suspicious values. Diagnosis of DM was confirmed in 36 (41.9%) of the 86 subjects who came to the DC and PDM was found in 40 (46.5%). Among 3351 subjects to whom the questionnaire was administered, 480 (14.3%) had suspicious scores. Diagnosis of DM was confirmed in 40 (10.1%) of the 397 who came to the DC and PDM was found in 214 (53.9%). These 3351 subjects also had RCBG measurement and 30 out of them had both tests positive. Among them, 27 subjects came to DC and DM was diagnosed in 17 (63.0%) and PDM was found in 9 (33.3%). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that RCBG definitely outperforms the questionnaire to identify unknown DM and PDM. RCBG measurement, with questionnaire as an adjunctive tool, appears to be a simple, fast, and feasible opportunistic strategy in detecting undiagnosed DM and PDM.
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Esposito S, Sparaco M, Maniscalco GT, Signoriello E, Lanzillo R, Russo C, Carmisciano L, Cepparulo S, Lavorgna L, Gallo A, Trojsi F, Brescia Morra V, Lus G, Tedeschi G, Saccà F, Signori A, Bonavita S. Lifestyle and Mediterranean diet adherence in a cohort of Southern Italian patients with Multiple Sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2020; 47:102636. [PMID: 33333418 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Several studies supported the beneficial effects of the Mediterranean diet (MeDi) on chronic diseases. In Multiple Sclerosis (MS), the MeDi might interfere with systemic inflammatory state, gut microbiota, and comorbidities. The Med Diet Score (MDS) estimates the adherence to the MeDi and the cardiovascular (CV) risk. Aims of our study were i) to photograph lifestyle and diet habits of a southern Italy cohort of people with MS (pwMS), and ii) to investigate the impact of the MeDi on MS clinical outcomes. SUBJECTS/METHODS We conducted a multi-center, cross-sectional study, enrolling 435 consecutive consenting pwMS, attending the outpatient clinics for routine follow-up visits. Participants underwent a clinical examination and a 29-item self-administered questionnaire on life and dietary habits. Disease phenotype, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), MS Severity Score (MSSS), waist circumference (WC), Body Mass Index (BMI), therapies, and comorbidities, were updated. MDS was assessed and correlated with current and retrospective clinical data. RESULTS 75.8% of respondents were interested in nutrition, 72.8% were non-smokers, 52.9% performed physical activity, and 45.6% used food supplements. MDS was higher in pwMS with normal WC (p = 0.031), and inversely correlated with MSSS (p = 0.013) and EDSS (p = 0.012) at survey time. MDS did not correlate with the total number of relapses (before and after diagnosis) (p = 0.372). Metabolic comorbidities were associated with an increased 10-year CV risk (r = 0.85, p = 0.002). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest a putative beneficial effect of the MeDi on WC, MS course and disability. Given the role of chronic systemic inflammation in maintenance of autoimmunity and secondary neurodegeneration, both involved in long-term disability, we may suppose a beneficial effect of the MeDi on MS long-term disability outcomes, probably mediated by a modulation of the gut microbiota and the low-grade chronic systemic inflammation.
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Gallo A, Minuti A, Bani P, Bertuzzi T, Cappelli FP, Doupovec B, Faas J, Schatzmayr D, Trevisi E. A mycotoxin-deactivating feed additive counteracts the adverse effects of regular levels of Fusarium mycotoxins in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:11314-11331. [PMID: 33222853 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the effects of commonly found levels of Fusarium mycotoxins on the performance, metabolism, and immunity of dairy cattle. We investigated the effects of regular contamination levels, meaning contamination levels that can be commonly detected in dairy feeds, of deoxynivalenol (DON) and fumonisins (FB) in total mixed ration (TMR) on the performance, diet digestibility, milk quality, and plasma liver enzymes in dairy cows. This trial examined 12 lactating Holstein dairy cows using a 3-period × 3-treatment Latin square design. The experimental period was 21 d of mycotoxin exposure followed by 14 d of washout. During treatment periods, cows received one of 3 diets: (1) CTR (control) diet of TMR contaminated with 340.5 µg of DON/kg of dry matter (DM) and 127.9 µg FB/kg of DM; (2) MTX diet of TMR contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins at levels higher than CTR but below US and European Union guidelines (i.e., 733.0 µg of DON/kg of DM and 994.4 µg of FB/kg of DM); or (3) MDP diet, which was MTX diet supplemented with a mycotoxin deactivator product (i.e., 897.3 µg of DON/kg of DM and 1,247.1 µg of FB/kg of DM; Mycofix, 35 g/animal per day). During washout, all animals were fed the same CTR diet. Body weight, body condition score, DM intake, dietary nutrient digestibility, milk production, milk composition and rennet coagulation properties, somatic cell count, blood serum chemistry, hematology, serum immunoglobulin concentrations, and expression of multiple genes in circulating leucocytes were measured. Milk production was significantly greater in the CTR group (37.73 kg/d) than in the MTX (36.39 kg/d) and the MDP (36.55 kg/d) groups. Curd firmness and curd firming time were negatively affected by the MTX diet compared with the other 2 diets. Furthermore, DM and neutral detergent fiber digestibility were lower after the MTX diet than after the CTR diet (67.3 vs. 71.0% and 42.8 vs. 52.3%). The MDP diet had the highest digestibility coefficients for DM (72.4%) and neutral detergent fiber (53.6%) compared with the other 2 diets. The activities of plasma liver transaminases were higher after the MTX diet than after the CTR and MDP diets. Compared with the CTR diet, the MTX diet led to slightly lower expression of genes related to immune and inflammatory functions, indicating that Fusarium mycotoxins had an immunosuppressive effect. Our results indicated that feed contaminated with regular levels of Fusarium mycotoxins adversely affected the performance, milk quality, diet digestibility, metabolic variables, and immunity of dairy cows, and that supplementation with mycotoxin deactivator product counteracted most of these negative effects.
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Miceli V, Russelli G, Iannolo G, Gallo A, Lo Re V, Agnese V, Sparacia G, Conaldi PG, Bulati M. Role of non-coding RNAs in age-related vascular cognitive impairment: An overview on diagnostic/prognostic value in Vascular Dementia and Vascular Parkinsonism. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 191:111332. [PMID: 32805261 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Age is the pivotal risk factor for different common medical conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer and dementia. Among age-related disorders, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, represent the leading causes of premature mortality strictly related to vascular ageing, a pathological condition characterized by endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis, hypertension, heart disease and stroke. These features negatively impact on the brain, owing to altered cerebral blood flow, neurovascular coupling and impaired endothelial permeability leading to cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs) as Vascular Dementia (VD) and Parkinsonism (VP). It is an increasing opinion that neurodegenerative disorders and cerebrovascular diseases are associated from a pathogenetic point of view, and in this review, we discuss how cerebrovascular dysfunctions, due to epigenetic alterations, are linked with neuronal degeneration/dysfunction that lead to cognitive impairment. The relation between neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases are reviewed with a focus on role of ncRNAs in age-related vascular diseases impairing the endothelium in the blood-brain barrier with consequent dysfunction of cerebral blood flow. In this review we dissert about different regulatory mechanisms of gene expression implemented by ncRNAs in the pathogenesis of age-related neurovascular impairment, aiming to highlight the potential use of ncRNAs as biomarkers for diagnostic/prognostic purposes as well as novel therapeutic targets.
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Bellingeri A, Gallo A, Liang D, Masoero F, Cabrera VE. Development of a linear programming model for the optimal allocation of nutritional resources in a dairy herd. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:10898-10916. [PMID: 32952013 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A linear programming model that selects the optimal cropping plan and feeds allocation for diets to minimize the whole dairy farm feed costs was developed. The model was virtually applied on 29 high-yielding Holstein-Friesian herds, confined, total mixed ration dairy farms. The average herd size was 313.2 ± 144.1 lactating cows and the average land size was 152.2 ± 92.5 ha. Farm characteristics such as herd structure, nutritional grouping strategies, feed consumption, cropping plan, intrinsic farm limitations (e.g., silage and hay storage availability, water for irrigation, manure storage) and on farm produced forage costs of production were collected from each farm for the year 2017. Actual feeding strategies, land availability, herd structure, crop production costs and yields, and milk and feed market prices for the year 2017 were used as model inputs. Through optimization, the feeding system was kept equal to the actual farm practice. The linear program formulated diets for each animal group to respect actual herd dry matter intake and fulfill actual consumption of crude protein, rumen-degradable and rumen-undegradable fractions of crude protein, net energy for lactation, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, forage neutral detergent fiber, and nonfiber carbohydrate. Production levels and herd composition were considered to remain constant as the nutritional requirement would remain unchanged. The objective function was set to minimize the whole-farm feed costs including cash crop sales as income, and crop production costs and purchased feed costs as expenses. Optimization improved income over feed costs by reducing herd feed costs by 7.8 ± 6.4%, from baseline to optimized scenario, the improved was explained by lower feed costs per kilogram of milk produced due to a higher feed self-sufficiency and higher income from cash crop. In particular, the model suggested to maximize, starting from baseline to optimized scenario, the net energy for lactation (+8.5 ± 6.3%) and crude protein (+3.6 ± 3.1%) produced on farm, whereas total feed cost (€/100 kg of milk) was greater in the baseline (20.4 ± 2.3) than the optimized scenario (19.0 ± 1.9), resulting in a 6.7% feed cost reduction with a range between 0.49% and 21.6%. This meant €109 ± 96.9 greater net return per cow per year. The implementation of the proposed linear programming model for the optimal allocation of the nutritional resources and crops in a dairy herd has the potential to reduce feed cost of diets and improve the farm feed self-sufficiency.
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Mahadik GA, Hernandez-Sanchez JF, Arunachalam S, Gallo A, Cheng L, Farinha AS, Thoroddsen ST, Mishra H, Duarte CM. Superhydrophobicity and size reduction enabled Halobates (Insecta: Heteroptera, Gerridae) to colonize the open ocean. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7785. [PMID: 32385357 PMCID: PMC7210887 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64563-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the remarkable evolutionary success of insects at colonizing every conceivable terrestrial and aquatic habitat, only five Halobates (Heteroptera: Gerridae) species (~0.0001% of all known insect species) have succeeded at colonizing the open ocean - the largest biome on Earth. This remarkable evolutionary achievement likely required unique adaptations for them to survive and thrive in the challenging oceanic environment. For the first time, we explore the morphology and behavior of an open-ocean Halobates germanus and a related coastal species H. hayanus to understand mechanisms of these adaptations. We provide direct experimental evidence based on high-speed videos which reveal that Halobates exploit their specialized and self-groomed body hair to achieve extreme water repellence, which facilitates rapid skating and plastron respiration under water. Moreover, the grooming behavior and presence of cuticular wax aids in the maintenance of superhydrophobicity. Further, reductions of their body mass and size enable them to achieve impressive accelerations (~400 ms-2) and reaction times (~12 ms) to escape approaching predators or environmental threats and are crucial to their survival under harsh marine conditions. These findings might also inspire rational strategies for developing liquid-repellent surfaces for drag reduction, water desalination, and preventing bio-fouling.
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Tortorella C, Solaro C, Annovazzi P, Boffa L, Buscarinu MC, Buttari F, Calabrese M, Cavalla P, Cocco E, Cordioli C, De Luca G, Di Filippo M, Fantozzi R, Ferraro D, Gajofatto A, Gallo A, Lanzillo R, Laroni A, Fermo SL, Malucchi S, Maniscalco GT, Moccia M, Nociti V, Paolicelli D, Pesci I, Prosperini L, Ragonese P, Tomassini V, Clerici VLAT, Rodegher M, Gherardi M, Gasperini C. Informing MS patients on treatment options: a consensus on the process of consent taking. Neurol Sci 2020; 41:2249-2253. [PMID: 32240416 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04339-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In the last years, change in multiple sclerosis (MS) therapeutic scenario has highlighted the need for an improved doctor-patient communication in advance of treatment initiation in order to allow patient's empowerment in the decision-making process. AIMS: The aims of our project were to review the strategies used by Italian MS specialists to inform patients about treatment options and to design a multicentre shared document that homogenizes the information about disease-modifying treatment (DMTs) and the procedure of taking informed consent in clinical practice. RESULTS: The new resource, obtained by consensus among 31 neurologists from 27 MS Centres in Italy with the supervision of a medico-legal advisor, received the aegis of Italian Neurological Society (SIN) and constitutes a step toward a standardized decision process around DMTs in MS.
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Gallo A, Guida M, Armiento G, Siciliano A, Mormile N, Carraturo F, Pellegrini D, Morroni L, Tosti E, Ferrante MI, Montresor M, Molisso F, Sacchi M, Danovaro R, Lofrano G, Libralato G. Species-specific sensitivity of three microalgae to sediment elutriates. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 156:104901. [PMID: 32056796 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.104901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are considered good bioindicators of marine environmental quality. Frequently, they are used to investigate the toxicity of sediment elutriates, but their sensitivity is disputed. This paper compared the sensitivity of Phaeodactylum tricornutum (diatom), Skeletonema costatum (diatom), and Dunaliella tertiolecta (green alga), analyzing 257 samples of elutriates (1:4 sediment: water ratio), considering growth inhibition (72 h) as the reference endpoint and sediment chemical (metals, metalloids and polyaromatic hydrocarbons) and grain size. Results of the toxicity tests showed that the microalgae sensitivity was not correlated. The integration of chemical data did not allow to discriminate toxicity effects but contributed to highlight that D. tertiolecta was the most sensitive microalgae (no cell wall) followed by P. tricornutum and S. costatum. Further analysis, including lines of evidence and weight of evidence approaches to calculate risk quotients of elutriate samples, confirmed these results.
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Nowak SH, Armenta R, Schwartz CP, Gallo A, Abraham B, Garcia-Esparza AT, Biasin E, Prado A, Maciel A, Zhang D, Day D, Christensen S, Kroll T, Alonso-Mori R, Nordlund D, Weng TC, Sokaras D. A versatile Johansson-type tender x-ray emission spectrometer. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:033101. [PMID: 32259983 DOI: 10.1063/1.5121853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We present a high energy resolution x-ray spectrometer for the tender x-ray regime (1.6-5.0 keV) that was designed and operated at Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource. The instrument is developed on a Rowland geometry (500 mm of radius) using cylindrically bent Johansson analyzers and a position sensitive detector. By placing the sample inside the Rowland circle, the spectrometer operates in an energy-dispersive mode with a subnatural line-width energy resolution (∼0.32 eV at 2400 eV), even when an extended incident x-ray beam is used across a wide range of diffraction angles (∼30° to 65°). The spectrometer is enclosed in a vacuum chamber, and a sample chamber with independent ambient conditions is introduced to enable a versatile and fast-access sample environment (e.g., solid/gas/liquid samples, in situ cells, and radioactive materials). The design, capabilities, and performance are presented and discussed.
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Pelusi A, Rotolo F, Gallo A, Ferrante MI, Montresor M. Effects of elutriates from contaminated coastal sediments on different life cycle phases of planktonic diatoms. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 155:104890. [PMID: 32072992 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.104890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the effects of elutriates from sediments collected at three stations in the polluted Bay of Bagnoli-Coroglio along the Campania coast (Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy) using three planktonic diatoms regularly occurring in the area, Pseudo-nitzschia multistriata, P. arenysensis and Chaetoceros socialis. Specifically, we tested the production of sexual stages in the heterothallic Pseudo-nitzschia species with the hypothesis that pollutants could impair sexual reproduction. We also tested the seeding capacity of spores of C. socialis after up to six months of storage in elutriates, assuming that pollutants could affect the capability of resting stages to germinate. Elutriate from station 56, with the highest concentrations of pollutants, impaired growth, sexual reproduction and spore germination. Elutriates from stations 25 and 84 caused moderate enhancement of growth and sexual reproduction in Pseudo-nitzschia as compared with control conditions, and also had intermediate effect on spore seeding capacity.
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Gonot A, Gallo A, Bruckert E, Girerd X. Hypertension is not always cured after unilateral adrenalectomy in patients with endocrine secondary hypertension. ARCHIVES OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES SUPPLEMENTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acvdsp.2019.09.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Martina V, Gallo A, Tarantino E, Esposito C, Zerbinati U, Mocchi R, Monticelli D, Lotti T, Tirant M, Van Thuong N, Rauso R, Zerbinati N. Viscoelastic properties and thermodynamic balance improvement of a hyaluronic acid hydrogel enriched with proline and glycyne. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2019; 33:1955-1959. [PMID: 31793281 DOI: 10.23812/19-252-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Sacco R, Disanto G, Maraffi I, Candrian U, Kamm CP, Rossi S, Schwegler G, Gallo A, Gobbi C, Zecca C. Infusion-related reactions during Natalizumab treatment: Do we still need a post-infusion observation period? Mult Scler Relat Disord 2019; 38:101523. [PMID: 31743848 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2019.101523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natalizumab (NTZ) is a humanized monoclonal antibody used in the treatment of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis. Although NTZ is usually well-tolerated, infusion-related reactions (IRRs) may occur, and the patients have to be monitored during the infusion and for one hour afterwards. OBJECTIVE To identify frequency and severity of IRRs during NTZ infusions and one-hour post-infusion observation period in a clinical practice setting. METHODS Multicenter, observational study involving three Swiss (Lugano, St. Gallen and Luzern) and two Italian (Milano and Napoli) tertiary MS centers. Predisposing factors to IRRs were investigated using multivariate Cox regression models. RESULTS A total of 11'133 infusions received by 302 MS patients were analyzed (68.9% females, median age 33.6 years, median EDSS 2.5). IRRs occurred in 24 (8%) patients during NTZ infusions and in 7 (2%) during one-hour post-infusion. Only 8 patients needed pharmacological treatment, of whom 7 during NTZ infusion. Age, sex and history of allergies were not associated with risks for IRR. The frequency of post infusion IRRs after the fifth cycle was low compared to that during the first four infusions (0.83% vs 0.06%). CONCLUSION In our cohort, NTZ associated IRR mainly occurred during the infusion period compared to the one-hour observational period. Also, the first IRR exclusively occurred within the first 4 NTZ administrations. However, further multi-center studies with a larger sample size are needed to capture rare and serious events that could emerge during the observational period and to make clinical recommendations.
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Gatsiou A, Tual-Chalot S, Bonini F, Cesarini V, Ortega-Gomez A, Schook K, Hoffmann J, Kwak S, Selzman CH, Martini M, Dimmeler S, Gallo A, Drakos S, Soehnlein O, Stellos K. 1438MicroRNA editing is integral for interleukin-6 trans-signalling and leukocyte trafficking to ischemic tissues. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz748.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background/Aim
Adenosine to inosine RNA editing is an essential post-transcriptional RNA modification catalysed by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA-1 and -2 (ADAR1; ADAR2). Endothelial cells (ECs) attract and guide leukocytes to sites of ischemic tissue injury. Here we studied the role of RNA editing in ischemic disease.
Methods
Primary human and murine vascular endothelial cell cultures were used to assess the EC responses to interleukin-6 (IL-6) or ischemia. For the animal studies, the effect of ADAR2 in acute and chronic ischemic disease was evaluated in cremaster muscle microcirculation by intravital microscopy, in peritoneal cavity after sterile peritonitis and in gastrocnemius muscle after hind-limb ischemia by 8-colour flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry (IHC) studies of Adar2−/−/tg as well as of i(nducible)EC-ADAR2 knockout (KO) mice. For the mechanistic studies, deep RNA sequencing, qRT-PCR, western blot, confocal microscopy, target-specific microRNA (miRNA) editing studies, RNA-immunoprecipitation, miRNA/plasmid silencing/overexpression and luciferase reporter assays were used among others. For human studies, ischemic tissues derived from patients with acute or chronic ischemic heart disease were processed.
Results
ADAR2, but not ADAR1, expression is induced by >2-fold in hypoxic ECs and in ischemic vascular ECs in mice and humans. Unbiased gene ontology analysis of the EC transcriptome indicated that ADAR2 controls inflammatory responses and predominantly the expression of interleukin-6-signal transducer (IL6ST), the co-receptor of IL-6. Subsequently, ADAR2 controls IL-6 trans-signalling in ECs as documented by the STAT3 phosphorylation and expression of the downstream leukocyte adhesion molecules, E-selectin and VCAM-1. IL-6-inflamed cremaster muscles showed that rolling and adhesion of leukocyte subsets to vascular wall were severely impaired in Adar2−/−/tg mice. Leukocyte transmigration was also diminished by >2-fold in Adar2−/−/tg and in iEC-ADAR2 KO mice in response to IL-6 or ischemia. Similar results were obtained for leukocyte rolling, adhesion and infiltration after acute (4h) and chronic (3d; 21d) ischemia from iEC-ADAR2 KO mice and human ischemic muscle tissues. Next we studied how ADAR2 controls IL6ST expression. ADAR2-deficient vascular EC miRNAome revealed the upregulation of a conserved group of miRNAs targeting the IL6ST mRNA including miR-199a-5p and miR-335-3p. At a single-nucleotide level, ADAR2-induced RNA editing of the stem loops of the primary miR-199a1/2 and miR-335 directly disrupted Drosha recruitment to both and thus inhibited their maturation process. Accordingly, rescue experiments using miRNA-inhibitors restored IL6ST levels after ADAR2 deficiency.
Conclusion
Taking together, inhibition of the microRNA maturation process by ADAR2-mediated RNA editing is integral for IL-6 trans-signalling in vascular endothelium and subsequent leukocyte trafficking to ischemic tissues in mice and humans.
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Sion S, Taranto F, Montemurro C, Mangini G, Camposeo S, Falco V, Gallo A, Mita G, Debbabi OS, Amar FB, Pavan S, Roseti V, Miazzi MM. Genetic Characterization of Apulian Olive Germplasm as Potential Source in New Breeding Programs. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E268. [PMID: 31387331 PMCID: PMC6724140 DOI: 10.3390/plants8080268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The olive is a fruit tree species with a century-old history of cultivation in theMediterranean basin. In Apulia (Southern Italy), the olive is of main social, cultural and economicimportance, and represents a hallmark of the rural landscape. However, olive cultivation in thisregion is threatened by the recent spread of the olive quick decline syndrome (OQDS) disease, thusthere is an urgent need to explore biodiversity and search for genetic sources of resistance. Herein,a genetic variation in Apulian olive germplasm was explored, as a first step to identify genotypeswith enhanced bio-agronomic traits, including resistance to OQDS. A preselected set of nuclearmicrosatellite markers allowed the acquisition of genotypic profiles, and to define geneticrelationships between Apulian germplasm and widespread cultivars. The analysis highlighted thebroad genetic variation in Apulian accessions and the presence of different unique genetic profiles.The results of this study lay a foundation for the organization of new breeding programs for olivegenetic improvement.
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Lasserre S, Charrières S, Vimont A, Valéro R, Gallo A, Bruckert E. Prediction Of Cardiovascular Events In Familial Hypercholesterolemia (Fh): Data From The French Fh Registry And External Validation Of Safeheart Equation. Atherosclerosis 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.06.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Gallo A, Kachenoura N, Kilinc A, Rosenbaum D, Mattina A, Carreau V, Béliard S, Cluzel P, Giral P, Redheuil A, Bruckert E. Early Myocardial Interstitial Fibrosis In Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia. Atherosclerosis 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.06.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Gallo A, Franks WT, Lewandowski JR. A suite of solid-state NMR experiments to utilize orphaned magnetization for assignment of proteins using parallel high and low gamma detection. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2019; 305:219-231. [PMID: 31319283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We present a suite of two-receiver solid-state NMR experiments for backbone and side chain resonance assignment. The experiments rely on either dipolar coupling or scalar coupling for polarization transfer and are devised to acquire a 1H-detected 3D experiment AND a nested 13C-detected 2D from a shared excitation pulse. In order to compensate for the lower sensitivity of detection on 13C nucleus, 2D rows are signal averaged during 3D planes. The 3D dual receiver experiments do not suffer from any appreciable signal loss compared to their single receiver versions and require no extra optimization. The resulting data is higher in information content with no additional experiment time. The approach is expected to become widespread as multiple receivers become standard for new NMR spectrometers.
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