Identification of genomic regions and candidate genes of functional importance for gastrointestinal parasite resistance traits in Djallonké sheep of Burkina Faso

A total of 184 Djallonké lambs from Burkina Faso with phenotypes for packed-cell volume (PCV), log-transformed fecal egg count (lnFEC), and FAffa MAlan CHArt (FAMACHA©) eye scores were typed with the OvineSNP50 BeadChip of Illumina to contribute to the knowledge of the genetic basis of gastrointestinal (GIN) parasite resistance in sheep. Association analysis identified a total of 22 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related with PCV (6 SNPs), lnFEC (7), and FAMACHA scores (9) distributed among 14 Ovis aries chromosomes (OAR). The identified SNPs accounted for 18.76 % of the phenotypic variance for PCV, 21.24 % for lnFEC, and 34.38 % for FAMACHA scores. Analyses pointed out the importance of OAR2 for PCV, OAR3 for FAMACHA scores, and OAR6 for lnFEC. The 125 kb regions surrounding the identified SNPs overlapped with seven previously reported quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for the traits analyzed in the current work. The only chromosome harboring markers associated with the three traits studied was OAR2. In agreement with the literature, two different chromosomal areas on OAR2 can play a major role in the traits studied. Gene-annotation enrichment analysis allowed us to identify a total of 34 potential candidate genes for PCV (6 genes), lnFEC (4), and FAMACHA scores (24). Annotation analysis allowed us to identify one functional term cluster with a significant enrichment score (1.302). The cluster included five genes (TRIB3, CDK4, CSNK2A1, MARK1, and SPATA5) involved in immunity-related and cell-proliferation processes. Furthermore, this research suggests that the MBL2 gene can underlie a previously reported QTL for immunoglobulin A levels on OAR22 and confirms the importance of genes involved in growth and size (such as the ADAMTS17 gene on OAR18) for GIN resistance traits. Since association studies for the ascertainment of the genetic basis of GIN resistance may be affected by genotype-environment interactions, obtaining information from local sheep populations managed in harsh environments contributes to the identification of novel genomic areas of functional importance for GIN resistance for that trait.

[Dynamics of Egg Excretion of Schistosoma haematobium in a Longitudinal Cohort Under Treatment with Praziquantel over a Five-Year Period in Kalifabougou, Mali]

This study aim was to evaluate the dynamics of Schistosoma haematobium eggs excretion after the scaling up of "Mass Drug Administration" (MDA) with praziquantel (PZQ) from 2011 to 2016 in a cohort of volunteers living in the village of Kalifabougou, Mali. We conducted a cross-sectional study on 676 volunteers in May 2011 niched in cohort study from 696 volunteers aged three months to 25 years. The eggs of Schistosoma haematobium (Sh) were tested by urine filtration technique, Soil-transmitted helminth and Schistosoma mansoni by the Kato-Katz technique. Maximal MDA/ PZQ population coverage was 83% in 2015 and no MDA/PZQ n 2014. A total of 676 volunteers was included in this prospective cohort. The prevalence rate of Sh showed a significate decreasing from 2011, 2013 to 2014 with respectively 10.2% [95% CI=10.04-10,18], 5.32% [95% CI=5.30-5.33], and 5.25% [95% CI=524.-5.31], followed by an increase to 10.6% [95% CI = 10.47-10.63] in 2015 and a significative decrease in 2016 to 5.4% [95% CI=3.5-7,3]. Children aged from six to 10 years and mostly boys were more infected with Sh, then could serve of parasite reservoir. MDA with PZQ remains an effective strategy for schistosomiasis control against Sh in Kalifabougou. Additional studies on MDA/PZQ average treatment covering human-water contact behaviors and population migration are necessary to understand the persistence of the 5% annual prevalence rate of egg shedding in the cohort of volunteers periodically treated with PQZ. Testing eggs shed viability will be also an added value.

[Problem Of Diabetic Foot Amputations]

INTRODUCTION

The diabetic foot wound is a real public health problem, 10% of the reasons for hospitalization. The risk of amputation is 10 to 30 times higher in diabetics than the general population.

OBJECTIVE

To study the problem of amputations of the diabetic foot.

METHOD

This was a descriptive and cross-sectional study that took place in the Department of Medicine and Endocrinology of the Mali Hospital from July 1st, 2016 to June 30th, 2017.

RESULTS

Twenty-five (25) diabetic patients were enrolled in our study. The sex ratio was 0.66. At admission, 100% of our patients had arterial disease, 96% neuropathy, and mixed foot in 80%. Poor glycemic control in 64% of patients; osteitis in 52% of cases; 92% of the patients had a 100% amputation risk according to the University of Texas classification. Nearly half or 46% of patients had amputations in the leg. We recorded 1 death case that is 4%.

CONCLUSION

The problem of amputation of diabetic feet is a function of the poor equilibrium and progressive neurological and vascular complications of diabetes.

[Study Of Immediate Post-Partum Care Satisfaction (Ssoppi) At The Reference Health Center Of The Community V Of Bamako]

The objectives of the work were to measure the degree of satisfaction of women in the postpartum period and to determine the stability of the immediate postpartum care satisfaction scale (PASS).

MATERIAL AND METHOD

The motherhood of the reference health center of commune V served as a study framework. The study was descriptive for evaluative purposes in postpartum women. It covered the period from 11 July 2014 to 14 January 2015. Two interview questionnaires (SSOPPI1) and (SF12 and SSOPPI2) were used for data collection. The data analysis was done on the software EPI-info version 3.5.3.

RESULTS

The study involved a total of 145 women in SSOPPI1 and SSOPPI2. The average age was 25.6 years ± 5.5 years. The level of satisfaction for the two phases of the study (SSOPPI1 and SSOPPI2) was a function of level of study, occupation, mode of initiation of labor, route of delivery, status of newborn at birth. Satisfaction was 98.6% in SSOPPI1 and was 98,5% in SSOPPI2 with a statistically insignificant difference (p = 0.67).

CONCLUSION

The degree of overall satisfaction was a function of a number of factors. This satisfaction remained stable during both phases of the study.

[Torsion Of Meckel's Diverticulum, A Case Report At Paediatric Surgery Service Of CHU Gabriel Touré]

Twist is the rarest complication of Meckel's diverticulum (DM). We did not find a case published in African literature. We report a case of twisted "giant" diverticulum occurred in a 15-year-old boy who had consulted for abdominal pain. Operated in emergency, the diagnosis was intraoperative. The diverticulum was 14 cm long and 5 cm in diameter. It was twisted at its base, totally necrotic and perforated at the top. We performed a resection carrying the diverticulum followed by a terminoterminal ileal ileal anastomosis. The postoperative course was simple.

[Comparative Study of Induced Pregnancies and Spontaneous Pregnancies in a Level II Hospital in Bamako District Mali]

The aim of this work was to compare the prognosis of induced pregnancies and spontaneous pregnancies received in the service.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

We performed a retrospective study of Ca / Witnesses (1 case for 2 controls) with age and parity matching. This study was conducted at the maternity ward of the Reference Health Center of Commune V District Bamako (CSREF CV) over a period of 10 years from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2016 for all patients meeting our criteria of 'inclusion. We called cases, induced pregnancies, and witnessed spontaneous pregnancies. The data was entered and analyzed on the Epi-Info software version 6.04 according to the formula applicable to the Case / Witness study.

RESULTS

We included in this study, (due to a case for two controls), 1611 induced pregnancies (cases), and 3222 spontaneous pregnancies (controls). The average age was 35.4 years (25 years-43 years) with an average parity of 2.7 (1-5). Hypertensive disorders, preterm birth, intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), caesarean section, poor perinatal prognosis were found with a statistically significant difference (OR> 1) in patients with induced pregnancies.

CONCLUSION

Induced singleton pregnancy is a high-risk pregnancy.

[Urethral Prolapse Of The Girl In The Service Of Pediatric Surgery Of The Teaching Hospital Gabriel Touré]

OBJECTIVES

To describe the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of urethral prolapse in girls in pediatric surgery.

PATIENTS AND METHOD

This was a 9-year retrospective study (January 2007 to December 2015) of girls aged 0-15 years with urethral prolapse and management in the department during the study period.

RESULTS

In 9 years, 18 cases of prolapsewerediagnosed, or 2 cases / year. The averageagewas 8.9 ± 3.4 yearswithextremes of 6 years and 15 years. Of the 18 cases identified, 10 werereferred. Femalegenital mutilation wasfoundin 15 (83.3%) patients, rectal prolapsewasassociatedin 2 cases (11.1%) and a cough concept in 5 (27.8%) patients. The average consultation time was 11.6 ± 7.9 dayswithextremes of 1 and 21 days. Eleven (61.1%) patients werereceivedurgently, including 2 cases (11.1%) of strangulation. Prolapsewas in the form of a roundedswelling, centered by the urethralmeatus. The mass wasblackishin 2 cases (11.1%). Shewasbleeding and painfulin 11 (61.1%) cases. Thesesignswere absent in 5 cases (27.8%). Swellingwasassociatedwithsigns of urinarydysuria and / or urinaryblightin 10 (55.5%) girls. The diagnosiswasclinical in all patients. Treatmentconsisted of excision and suturing of the prolapsedmucosa in all patients with placement of an indwellingurinarycatheter. Immediatefollow-up was simple in 16 (88.9%) patients and 2 cases (11.1%) of surgical site infection.

[Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced cervical cancer in patients receiving a concomitant chemoradiotherapy in a low income country]

PURPOSE

Delays to access to radiotherapy are long in our context. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy to concomitant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced cervical cancers.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

We conducted a retrospective study from April 2014 to April 2016 at the radiotherapy center of "Hopital du Mali" in Bamako, Mali. Patients were allocated according to age, histological type, tumor size and the 2002 classification of the FIGO. Experimental protocol was the administration of a neoadjuvante chemotherapy with association of Paclitaxel 175mg/m² + Carboplatine AUC 5 every 3 weeks and radiothérapy cure with avec linac 6 MV at 70 Gy due to 5 sessions of 2 Gy per week associated with a concomitant chemotherapy with cisplatin at 40 mg/m2/week. The clinical response was assessed at the end of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and of concomitant chemoradiotherapy.

RESULTS

Thirty patients were included in the study. The mean age was 53.63 ± 8.9 years. The mean size of the tumor was 5.17 cm (2 to 7 cm). According to the 2002 classification of the FIGO stages IIB were 33% (n = 10); IIIB were 57% (n = 17) and IVA were 10% (n = 3). Clinical evaluation at the end of neoadjuvant chemotherapy found: complete response 17 % (n = 5), partial response 10% (n = 3) and stable disease 73 % (n = 22). Evaluation at the end of the concomitant chemoradiotherapy had found the complete response in 90% (n = 27) and stable disease in 10% (n = 3).

CONCLUSION

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy to concomitant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced cervical cancer allows stabilization of the tumor and improves local control. Due to long delays to access to radiotherapy treatment in our context; neoadjuvant chemotherapy is an alternative to stabilize the disease and prevent distant metastasis from locally advanced cervical cancers.

[Neonatal Gastric Perforation]

Neonatal gastric perforation (PGNN) is a rare and serious pathology when management is not early. We did not find a case published in African literature. . We report 2 cases of PGNN registered in pediatric surgery of C.H.U Gabriel TOURE. The clinical pictures were that of a neonatal occlusion. X-rays of the abdomen without preparation revealed pneumoperitoneum in both cases. Congenital origin was retained for both cases. Surgical treatment consisted of excision-suture of the perforation margins. The operative sequences were simple in both cases.

[Primary hyperparathyroidism of chance, a case study]

The authors are reporting here a documented case of hyperparathyroidism leading to hypercalcemia diagnosed spontaneously. A 75-year old female patient with has been treated since 3-4 years with metformin and ramipiril fortype 2 diabetes and high blood pressure, respectively. She was seen in our endocrinology outpatient visit for tingling in the arms associated with cervical pain with increasing intensity over the last six months. The patient's mother was diabetic and her father had high blood pressure. The diagnostic of primary hyperparathyroidism, resulting from a diffuse hyperplasia of the parathyroid gland, was retained after medical, biological, chirurgical and anatomo-pathological investigations. The blood level of PTH1-84 was 916.60pg/ml Normal value=15-68.3pg/ml.

CONCLUSION

Diffuse poly-arthralgia in the neck and the lower limbs may not always be due to arthrosis in elderlies. Further investigation such as the dosage of blood level of calcium and PTH are required.

Description of strokes at the Bouaké University Hospital, Côte d'Ivoire

INTRODUCTION

The incidence of stroke is rising in developing countries. In Côte d'Ivoire, it accounts for nearly 45 % of admissions to the neurology departments in Abidjan. In Bouaké, no study has dealt with this subject since peace returned. Our aim was to assess the epidemiological characteristics of stroke patients at Bouaké University Hospital.

METHODOLOGY

This cross-sectional study took place from September 2013 to December 2015 and included all patients hospitalized for a stroke confirmed by brain imaging.

RESULTS

The study included 164 cases: 60% ischemic strokes, and 40 % hemorrhagic. Patients' mean age was 62 years with a sex ratio of 0.66. Patients not in the labor force accounted for the largest portion (61.6 %). The interval between the stroke and admission to the neurology department ranged between 24 and 72 hours for 61 % of the patients. The main risk factor was hypertension (62.8 %). The average length of hospitalization was 8.44 days. Hospital mortality was 18.3 %.

CONCLUSION

Stroke is responsible for high morbidity and mortality in the neurology department of Bouaké University Hospital.

[Evaluation of epidemiological monitoring of post-vaccination adverse reactions in Abidjan]

INTRODUCTION

This study was designed to evaluate the adverse events following immunization (AEFI) monitoring system in Abidjan health districts.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study focused on activities conducted between 1st January and 31st December 2015 in the nine health districts of Abidjan. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire based on the model of World Health Organization evaluation forms. These questionnaires were administered to personnel in charge of epidemiological surveillance in the health districts and the personnel of district hospitals and health centres.

RESULTS

The AEFI monitoring system, apart from its simplicity and flexibility, remains fairly ineffective due to the relatively low acceptability by all health workers involved. Only 4% of healthcare personnel respondents participate in this activity; 55% of health districts reported cases of AEFI and 25% of health centres reported cases of adverse events. The low acceptability makes this system less sensitive and ineffective for health policy decision-making designed to reduce adverse events following immunization.

CONCLUSION

Improved performance of the AEFI monitoring system requires better training of health workers, better data processing equipment and improved community participation.

[Results of anastomotic urethroplasty for male urethral stricture disease]

OBJECTIVE

To report our experience with anastomotic uretroplasty (AU) due to male urethral stricture disease (USD) and to identify factors affecting the results.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

We conducted a retrospective study over a period of 4 years and 6 months (July 2012 to December 2016). Any subsequent use of endoscopic urethrotomy or new urethroplasty was considered a failure.

RESULTS

Forty-eight cases were included. The mean age of patients was 53.5±17.3 years (23-87 years). Urinary retention was the reason for consultation in 42 cases (87.5%). The most common localization of USD was the bulbar urethra (n=45). The mean length of USD was 1.23±0.62cm (0.5-3cm) with a median length of 1cm. The etiology was post-infectious in 56.3% of cases. More than half (58.3%) of patients had already undergone at least one urethral manipulation. After an average follow-up of 21.1±12.6 months (1 to 52 months), the overall success rate was 77.1%. In univariate analysis, length, cause and location of the stricture, age of patient, the presenting symptoms of the stricture, previous urethral manipulation and surgeon experience did not significantly impact on the success rate of anastomotic urethroplasty at one and two years follow-up.

CONCLUSION

The AU had provided good results in our practice. The infectious origin of the stricture and previous urethral manipulation did not significantly impact the result of this surgical technique.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE

4.

[Appendiceal Duplication In A Patient Operated For Chilled Appendix Breastplate At Gao Regional Hospital]

Appendiceal duplication is the very rare malformation. It was first described by Picoli in 1892. It is a condition that is most often seen in the first years of life, sometimes some forms may remain asymptomatic and only occur in adulthood. We report the case of appendiceal duplication in a patient operated for chilled appendix breastplate at Gao Regional Hospital.

CONCLUSION

appendiceal duplication is a rare abnormal abnormality of intraoperative discovery in general. Each surgeon must think about it during an appendectomy.

[Bilio-Digestives Derivative In The Palliative Surgery Of Pancreatic Head Cancer At The CHU Gabriel TOURE]

OBJECTIVES

Our objective was to determine the frequency of bilio-digestive bypass in palliative surgery in pancreatic head cancers, to determine the clinical and para-clinical aspects and to analyze the results of the treatment.

METHODS

This was a-15 year retrospective study from 1999 to 2014 including any patient with confirmed pancreatic cancer in the anatomo-pathology treated by palliative surgery in the department.

RESULTS

In 15 years, we operated152 cases of cancer of the head of the pancreas. The bilio-digestive derivation was performed in 78 patients, or 51.32%. The average age was 58.61 years ± 11.22 years with the extremes of 34 and 79 years old, the sex ratio was 1.44. The disease duration was 4.88 months on average with a standard deviation of 4.28 months and extremes of 1 and 24 months. Courvoisier-Terrier's disease was observed in 76 cases with lesions of the cases. The average pancreatic tumor size was 62.98 mm, and standard deviation = 8.68 with the extremes of45 and 121 mm. We performed a choledoco-duodenal anastomosis and a gastro-entero-anastomosis (GEA) in 85.90% of cases (n = 67), a choledocojejunal anastomosis and a GEA in 7 cases and a choledoco-duodenal anastomosis without GEA in 4 cases. The morbidity and the mortality rates were15.4% and 6.41%, respectively. At six (6) months postsurgery, a complete disappearance the majority of the functional signs was observed.

CONCLUSION

Pancreatic cancer is a slowly developing tumor. Therefore its diagnosis is late; the derivation makes it possible to improve the quality of life of the patients.

[Undesirable Events During Anesthesia For Programmed Digestive Surgery]

OBJECTIVES

to study the morbidity operative peri in digestive surgery.

PATIENT AND METHOD

It was about a prospective and descriptive survey in the services of digestive surgery and anesthesia resuscitation from February to August 2014. The population of survey was constituted of the whole patients having benefitted an anesthesia for programmed digestive surgery. The statistical test used for the comparison of the qualitative variables was CHI2 with p <0,05 considered meaningful.

RESULTS

during the period 125 files have been collected. The patients having presented at least an undesirable event were of 86 either 68,8%. These events had occurred in 77.9% of cases during the interview. The middle age was of 47.46±15, 68years with extremes of 18years. and 85 years. Sex ratio was of 1, 55. Patients were classified ASA I in 83.2%. The predominant operative indication was the gastric tumor in 26.4 % of the cases. General anesthesia was practiced in 82.4% of the cases. Anesthesia were achieved in 55.2% of the cases by male nurses' anesthetists and 44,8% by the students in diploma of studies specials(DES).Main recovered undesirable events were of cardiovascular, respiratory and digestive nature (nausea and vomiting). Intervening of the undesirable events was bound to the technique of anesthesia, Anesthetic time length of intervention, used narcotic and to the antecedents of the patients with p <0, 05.

CONCLUSION

Factors of avoidable operative morbidity peri are nearly present in all our acts for digestive surgery. The formation of the staff and the setting to disposition of products better tolerated will permit to reduce these factors.

Differential distribution of Y-chromosome haplotypes in Swiss and Southern European goat breeds

The analysis of Y-chromosome variation has provided valuable clues about the paternal history of domestic animal populations. The main goal of the current work was to characterize Y-chromosome diversity in 31 goat populations from Central Eastern (Switzerland and Romania) and Southern Europe (Spain and Italy) as well as in reference populations from Africa and the Near East. Towards this end, we have genotyped seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), mapping to the SRY, ZFY, AMELY and DDX3Y Y-linked loci, in 275 bucks from 31 populations. We have observed a low level of variability in the goat Y-chromosome, with just five haplotypes segregating in the whole set of populations. We have also found that Swiss bucks carry exclusively Y1 haplotypes (Y1A: 24%, Y1B1: 15%, Y1B2: 43% and Y1C: 18%), while in Italian and Spanish bucks Y2A is the most abundant haplotype (77%). Interestingly, in Carpathian goats from Romania the Y2A haplotype is also frequent (42%). The high Y-chromosome differentiation between Swiss and Italian/Spanish breeds might be due to the post-domestication spread of two different Near Eastern genetic stocks through the Danubian and Mediterranean corridors. Historical gene flow between Southern European and Northern African goats might have also contributed to generate such pattern of genetic differentiation.