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Gochis D, Schemm J, Shi W, Long L, Higgins W, Douglas A. A Forum for Evaluating Forecasts of the North American Monsoon. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2009eo290002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Samsudeen BS, Douglas A, Bhopal RS. Challenges in recruiting South Asians into prevention trials: health professional and community recruiters' perceptions on the PODOSA trial. Public Health 2011; 125:201-9. [PMID: 21450322 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2011.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2010] [Revised: 12/23/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recruitment of ethnic minority groups into trials is important. This was studied from the recruiters' perspective in the Prevention of Diabetes and Obesity in South Asians (PODOSA) trial. METHODS Semi-quantitative questionnaire survey of all 22 health professionals and 27 community workers involved in Edinburgh and Glasgow. Numbers and proportions were tabulated, while free-text responses were grouped into themes. RESULTS The response rate was 40/49 (82%). In the closed questions, family responsibilities, prior general practitioner screening and low interest were the main factors reported by recruiters as hindering referrals (each 28%), followed by fear of needle pricks and finding out their diabetes status (each 23%). The importance of the prevention of diabetes (60%), explaining the trial in a South Asian language (46%), verbal dialogue (43%) and the recruiter's personal relationship with the recruitee (40%) favoured referrals. Health professionals' perceived strength was their knowledge of diabetes (66%), and community workers' strength was explaining the trial in South Asian languages (65%). Strategies to improve recruitment included stronger partnership between researchers and community organizations. The open-ended response identified seven main themes: (1) shortage of recruiters' and recruitees' time; (2) poor understanding of the trial by recruitees; (3) lack of knowledge about the disease among recruitees; (4) lack of motivation and interest among recruitees; (5) delay in receiving appointments from the PODOSA team; (6) mistrust of research; and (7) narrow entry criteria. CONCLUSION These insights into recruiters' perspectives should help trialists improve participation by ethnic minority populations.
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Douglas A. Recruiting South Asians to a randomised trial (Prevention of Diabetes and Obesity in South Asians) for the prevention of diabetes: the challenges and achievements. J Epidemiol Community Health 2009. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2009.096735k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Lin K, Matsubara Y, Masuda Y, Togashi K, Ohno T, Tamura T, Toyoshima Y, Sugimachi K, Toyoda M, Marc H, Douglas A. Characterization of adipose tissue-derived cells isolated with the Celution system. Cytotherapy 2008; 10:417-26. [PMID: 18574774 DOI: 10.1080/14653240801982979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The therapeutic potential of using stem cells is tremendous. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have now been isolated in various tissues including bone marrow (BM), muscle, skin and adipose tissue. Among them, adipose tissue could be one of the most suitable cell sources for cell therapy, because of its easy accessibility, minimal morbidity and abundance of stem cells. The large numbers of stem cells in adipose tissue means that clinically relevant stem cell numbers could be extracted from the tissue, potentially eliminating the need for in vitro expansion. To utilize these characteristics of adipose tissue fully, Cytori Therapeutics Inc. has developed a closed system called Celution to isolate and concentrate stem cells and regenerative cells automatically from adipose tissue. METHODS Adipose tissue-derived cells were isolated using the Celution system. The output from the Celution was characterized using multicolor FACS analysis with CD31, CD34, CD45, CD90, CD105 and CD146. The multidifferentiation potential of the cells was analyzed using adipogenic and osteogenic media. RESULTS Our results showed that cells from the Celution are composed of heterogeneous cell populations including adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) (CD31- CD34+ CD45- CD90+ CD105- CD146-), endothelial (progenitor) cells (CD31+ CD34+ CD45- CD90+ CD105- CD146+) and vascular smooth muscle cells (CD31- CD34+ CD45- CD90+ CD105- CD146+). We also confirmed the output contains cells able to differentiate into adipogenic and osteogenic phenotypes. Our results show that cells isolated with the Celution and manually are equivalent. DISCUSSION Cells from adipose tissue can be processed by Celution within the time frame of a single surgical procedure. This system could provide a 'real-time' treatment setting that is cost-effective and safe.
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Coni N, Douglas A. Hugh John Adolphus Coni. West J Med 2008. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.a1475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Narayanan MN, Geary CG, Douglas A. Myelodysplastic syndrome with t(8; 12) (q22; q13) translocation. CLINICAL AND LABORATORY HAEMATOLOGY 2008; 14:163-4. [PMID: 1633688 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2257.1992.tb01075.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Matejusová I, Doig F, Middlemas SJ, Mackay S, Douglas A, Armstrong JD, Cunningham CO, Snow M. Using quantitative real-time PCR to detect salmonid prey in scats of greyHalichoerus grypusand harbourPhoca vitulinaseals in Scotland - an experimental and field study. J Appl Ecol 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01429.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Douglas A. Book Review: Mosby's Critical Care Drug Reference. Anaesth Intensive Care 2008. [DOI: 10.1177/0310057x0803600226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Douglas A. Interactions between insects and their symbiotic microorganisms. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2007.01.473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kunkler I, Canney P, van Tienhoven G, Russell N, Prescott R, Bartlett J, Velikova G, Douglas A, Denvir M, Thomas J. P88 MRC/EORTC (BIG 2–04) SUPREMO – a phase III trial assessing the role of chest wall irradiation in ‘intermediate-risk’ breast cancer. Breast 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9776(07)70153-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Carter A, Lin K, Sherrington PD, Atherton M, Pearson K, Douglas A, Burford A, Brito-Babapulle V, Matutes E, Catovsky D, Pettitt AR. Imperfect correlation between p53 dysfunction and deletion of TP53 and ATM in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Leukemia 2006; 20:737-40. [PMID: 16437137 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Li J, Rayner CR, Nation RL, Deans R, Boots R, Widdecombe N, Douglas A, Lipman J. Pharmacokinetics of colistin methanesulfonate and colistin in a critically ill patient receiving continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 49:4814-5. [PMID: 16251342 PMCID: PMC1280168 DOI: 10.1128/aac.49.11.4814-4815.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Wilson BJ, Torrance N, Mollison J, Wordsworth S, Gray JR, Haites NE, Grant A, Campbell MK, Miedyzbrodzka Z, Clarke A, Watson MS, Douglas A. Improving the referral process for familial breast cancer genetic counselling: findings of three randomised controlled trials of two interventions. Health Technol Assess 2005; 9:iii-iv, 1-126. [PMID: 15694064 DOI: 10.3310/hta9030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of two complementary interventions, using familial breast cancer as a model condition. The primary care intervention consisted of providing computerised referral guidelines and related education to GPs. The nurse counsellor intervention evaluated genetic nurses as substitutes for specialist geneticists in the initial assessment and management of referred patients. DESIGN The computerised referral guidelines study was a pragmatic, cluster randomised controlled trial (RCT) with general practices randomised to intervention or control groups. The nurse counsellor intervention was tested in two concurrent RCTs conducted in separate UK health service locations, using predetermined definitions of equivalence. SETTING The computerised referral guidelines trial took place in general practices in Scotland from November 2000 to June 2001. The nurse counsellor intervention took place in a regional genetics clinic in Scotland, and in two health authorities in Wales served by a single genetics service during 2001. PARTICIPANTS The computerised referral guidelines study involved GPs and referred patients. Both nurse counsellor intervention trials included women referred for the first time, aged 18 years or over and whose main concern was family history of breast cancer. INTERVENTIONS The software system was developed with GPs, presenting cancer genetic referral guidelines in a checklist approach. Intervention GPs were invited to postgraduate update education sessions, and both intervention and control practices received paper-based guidelines. The intervention period was November 2000 to June 2001. For the nurse counsellor trial, trial 1 ran outpatient sessions with the same appointment length as the standard service offered by geneticists, but the nurse counsellor saw new patients at the first appointment and referred back to the GP or on to a clinical geneticist according to locally developed protocol, under the supervision of a consultant geneticist. The control intervention was the current service, which comprised an initial and a follow-up appointment with a clinical geneticist. In trial 2, a nurse counsellor ran outpatient sessions with the same appointment length as the new consultant-based cancer genetics service and new patients were seen at the first appointment and referred as in trial 1. The control intervention was a new service, and comprised collection of family history by telephone followed by a consultation with a clinical assistant or a specialist registrar, supervised by a consultant. The intervention was implemented between 1998 and 2001. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES In the software system trial, the primary outcome was GPs' confidence in their management of patients with concerns about family history of breast cancer. For the nurse counsellor trial, the primary outcome was patient anxiety, measured using standard scales. RESULTS In the software system trial, 57 practices (230 GPs) were randomised to the intervention group and 29 (116 GPs) to the control group. No statistically significant differences were detected in GPs' confidence or any other outcomes. Fewer than half of the intervention GPs were aware of the software, and only 22 reported using it in practice. The estimated total cost was GBP3.12 per CD-ROM distributed (2001 prices). For the two arms of the nurse counsellor trial, 289 patients (193 intervention, 96 control) and 297 patients (197 intervention and 100 control) consented, were randomised, returned a baseline questionnaire and attended the clinic for trials 1 and 2 respectively. The analysis in both cases suggested equivalence in all anxiety scores, and no statistically significant differences were detected in other outcomes in either trial. A cost-minimisation analysis suggested that the cost per counselling episode was GBP10.23 lower in intervention arm than in the control arm and GBP10.89 higher in the intervention arm than in the control arm (2001 prices) for trials 1 and 2, respectively. Taking the trials together, the costs were sensitive to the grades of doctors and the time spent in consultant supervision of the nurse counsellor, but they were only slightly affected by the grade of nurse counsellor, the selected discount rate and the lifespan of equipment. CONCLUSIONS Computer-based systems in the primary care intervention cannot be recommended for widespread use without further evaluation and testing in real practice settings. Genetic nurse counsellors may be a cost-effective alternative to assessment by doctors. This trial does not provide definitive evidence that the general policy of employing genetics nurse counsellors is sound, as it was based on only three individuals. Future evaluations of computer-based decision support systems for primary care must first address their efficacy under ideal conditions, identify barriers to the use of such systems in practice, and provide evidence of the impact of the policy of such systems in routine practice. The nurse counsellor trial should be replicated in other settings to provide reassurance of the generalisability of the intervention and other models of nurse-based assessment, such as in outreach clinics, should be developed and evaluated. The design of future evaluations of professional substitution should also address issues such as the effect of different levels of training and experience of nurse counsellors, and learning effects.
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Stevenson L, Gilpin D, Douglas A, Adair B, McNeilly F, McNair I, Allan G. 116. An in vitro study of the immune response to PCV2 infection in pigs. Res Vet Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0034-5288(03)90115-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Knossow M, Gaudier M, Douglas A, Barrère B, Bizebard T, Barbey C, Gigant B, Skehel JJ. Mechanism of neutralization of influenza virus infectivity by antibodies. Virology 2002; 302:294-8. [PMID: 12441073 DOI: 10.1006/viro.2002.1625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have determined the mechanism of neutralization of influenza virus infectivity by three antihemagglutinin monoclonal antibodies, the structures of which we have analyzed before as complexes with hemagglutinin. The antibodies differ in their sites of interaction with hemagglutinin and in their abilities to interfere in vitro with its two functions of receptor binding and membrane fusion. We demonstrate that despite these differences all three antibodies neutralize infectivity by preventing virus from binding to cells. Neutralization occurs at an average of one antibody bound per four hemagglutinins, a ratio sufficient to prevent the simultaneous receptor binding of hemagglutinins that is necessary to attach virus to cells.
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Arck P, Joachim R, Knackstedt M, Douglas A, Klapp B. Psychoemotional stress and enodcrino-immunological pathways during pregnancy. Am J Reprod Immunol 2002. [DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0897.2002.00027.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Knossow M, Bizebard T, Gigant B, Barbey C, Douglas A, Barrere B, Skehel JJ. The mechanism of neutralization of influenza virus infectivity by antibodies. Acta Crystallogr A 2002. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767302096204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Warner P, Critchley HO, Lumsden MA, Campbell-Brown M, Douglas A, Murray G. Referral for menstrual problems: cross sectional survey of symptoms, reasons for referral, and management. BMJ (CLINICAL RESEARCH ED.) 2001; 323:24-8. [PMID: 11440940 PMCID: PMC34329 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.323.7303.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the menstrual experience of women referred for menstrual problems, in particular menorrhagia (excessive menstrual loss), and to assess associations with reasons for referral given by their general practitioners, the women's understanding of the reasons for their attendance at the hospital clinics, and clinic outcome. DESIGN Questionnaire survey, with partial review of case notes after 8 months. SETTING Three hospital gynaecology clinics in Glasgow and Edinburgh. PARTICIPANTS 952 women completed the questionnaire, and the first 665 were reviewed. OUTCOME MEASURES Reason for referral, women's reported menstrual problems and reason for clinic attendance, diagnosis, and treatment. RESULTS Only 38% (95% confidence interval 34% to 41%) of women reported excessive menstrual loss as a severe problem. However 60% (57-63%) gave it as reason for attending a clinic, and 76% (73-79%) of general practitioners gave it as reason for referral. Reason for referral was significantly biased towards bleeding (McNemar odds ratio 4.01, 3.0 to 5.3, P<0.001) and against pain (0.54, 0.4 to 0.7, P<0.001). Dysfunctional uterine bleeding was diagnosed in 37% (31-42%) of the 259 women who gave as reason for attendance something other than bleeding. Women who were economically disadvantaged differed in prevalence of the main diagnoses and were more likely to fail to reattend. Hysterectomy was associated with referral for bleeding (relative risk 4.9, 1.6 to 15.6, P<0.001) but not with the patient stating bleeding as the reason for clinic attendance. CONCLUSIONS Intolerance of the volume of their bleeding is not a key feature among women attending clinics for bleeding problems. Broad menstrual complaint tends to be reframed as excessive bleeding at referral and during management. This may result in women receiving inappropriate care. Conceptualisation and assessment of menorrhagia requires reconsideration.
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Douglas A, Scullion S, Antonijevic I, Brown D, Russell J, Leng G. Uterine contractile activity stimulates supraoptic neurons in term pregnant rats via a noradrenergic pathway. Endocrinology 2001; 142:633-44. [PMID: 11159834 DOI: 10.1210/endo.142.2.7962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxytocin secretion is important for the normal progress of parturition in the rat. We tested the hypotheses that contractions of the uterus before pup delivery activate oxytocin neurons, and that they do so via a noradrenergic projection. In anesthetized 22-day (term) pregnant rats, i.v. oxytocin pulses enhanced both uterine contractile activity and the firing rate of oxytocin and vasopressin neurons in the supraoptic nucleus, and these were significantly correlated. The same oxytocin treatment also increased the expression of Fos in both the supraoptic nucleus and the nucleus of the tractus solitarius, but not in 21-day pregnant or virgin rats. In five of eight rats on the day of expected parturition, noradrenaline release in the supraoptic nucleus (sampled by microdialysis) exhibited sudden peaks during oxytocin administration, seen in only one of nine rats given vehicle pulses. Noradrenaline release was significantly greater in rats that went into labor or gave birth to a pup than in rats not in labor. In rats infused with the alpha(1)-noradrenergic receptor antagonist, benoxathian, into the supraoptic nucleus before and during iv oxytocin administration, Fos expression in supraoptic neurons was significantly less than that in vehicle controls. Thus, at term pregnancy, uterine contractions activate both oxytocin and vasopressin neurons in the SON, and this activation involves a noradrenergic pathway.
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Canthaboo C, Xing D, Douglas A, Corbel M. Investigation of an aerosol challenge model as alternative to the intracerebral mouse protection test for potency assay of whole cell pertussis vaccines. Biologicals 2000; 28:241-6. [PMID: 11237360 DOI: 10.1006/biol.2000.0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The current potency test for whole cell pertussis vaccines, the intracerebral mouse protection test, is still the only assay which has shown a correlation with protection in children. However, it has considerable disadvantages as it uses a severe challenge procedure and the results tend to show significant intra- and inter-laboratory variation. An alternative assay based on non-lethal aerosol challenge of mice has been investigated as a replacement for the current intracerebral mouse protection test. Evaluation of this indicated that the aerosol system allowed consistent inoculation of bacteria into mice and gave good reproducibility. The protective capacity of different vaccine preparations was distinguished by this assay. Furthermore, the viable counts of Bordetella pertussis in the lungs of challenged mice were immunisation dose-dependent, which allowed the relative potency of vaccines to be calculated. Comparison of potency of five batches of vaccine from different manufacturers assayed by both the intracerebral and the aerosol challenge methods ranked the vaccines in identical order. The results suggest that this method has potential for use as a potency test for whole cell pertussis vaccine which would result in a great reduction in the number of animals used. It would also replace the lethal challenge by a non-lethal procedure and thereby avoid the use of the severe intracerebral challenge procedure.
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Jiménez-Clavero MA, Douglas A, Lavery T, Garcia-Ranea JA, Ley V. Immune recognition of swine vesicular disease virus structural proteins: novel antigenic regions that are not exposed in the capsid. Virology 2000; 270:76-83. [PMID: 10772981 DOI: 10.1006/viro.2000.0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Swine vesicular disease virus (SVDV) is an enterovirus of the Picornaviridae family that belongs to the coxsackievirus B group. A number of antigenic sites have been identified in SVDV by analysis of neutralizing monoclonal antibody-resistant mutants and shown to be exposed on the surface of the capsid. In this paper we have identified seven new immunodominant antigenic regions in SVDV capsid proteins by a peptide scanning method, using a panel of sera from infected pigs. When these antigenic regions were located in the capsid by using a computer-generated three-dimensional model of the virion, one was readily exposed on the surface of the virus and the remaining sites were located facing the inner side of the capsid shell, at subunit contacts, or in the interior of the subunit structure.
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Douglas A, Wilkinson A, Brentnall A, Hunter D, Gordon NSI, German LJ, Sechiari G, Creighton P, MacLean NE, Nicholson DG, Mellor MJ, Pratt P, Rubin A, Sturdy E, Smelt GJC, Early DF, Tucker MGL, Wells M, Verma S, Bernstein A. Anwar Akhtar Brian Douglas Bower Timothy David Brentnall Michael Patrick Gogan Ian James Gordon Joseph Grech Michael Gurnell Green John Bridge Lilly Rukhsana Majeed Douglas Fraser Nicholson Donald Reginald Pratt Trevor Bleddyn Lloyd Roberts Sydney Rosehill Charles Michael Casterton Smelt Kenneth Carl Pfeiffer Smith William Arthur Leigh Tucker Guy Wilson Madhav Wipat Anne Christine Wright. West J Med 1999. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.319.7224.1579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Munday D, Douglas A, Carroll D. GP out-of-hours cooperatives and the delivery of palliative care. Br J Gen Pract 1999; 49:489. [PMID: 10562761 PMCID: PMC1313459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
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