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Teixeira MM, Araújo MC, Silva-Carvalho MC, Beltrame CO, Oliveira CCHB, Figueiredo AMS, Oliveira AG. Emergence of clonal complex 5 (CC5) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in a Brazilian hospital. Braz J Med Biol Res 2012; 45:637-43. [PMID: 22527128 PMCID: PMC3854277 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2012007500065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, genotyping techniques including staphylococcal chromosomal cassette mec (SCCmec) typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and restriction-modification tests were used to compare the molecular characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates recovered at two times within a 10-year interval (1998 and 2008) from a tertiary Brazilian hospital. In addition, the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were analyzed. All 48 MRSA isolates from 1998 and 85.7% from 2008 (48/56 isolates) displayed multidrug-resistance phenotypes and SCCmec III. All but one of the 13 representative SCCmec III isolates belonged to CC8 and had PFGE patterns similar to that of the BMB9393 strain (Brazilian epidemic clone of MRSA; BEC). In 2008, we found an increased susceptibility to rifampicin and chloramphenicol among the SCCmec III isolates. In addition, we detected the entrance of diverse international MRSA lineages susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT), almost all belonging to CC5. These non-SCCmec III isolates were related to the USA300 (ST8-SCCmec IV; PFGE-type B), USA800 (ST5-SCCmec IV; subtype D1), USA100 (ST5-SCCmec II; subtype D2), and EMRSA-3/Cordobes (ST5-SCCmec I, type C) clones. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the emergence of isolates genetically related to the EMRSA-3/Cordobes clone in southeast Brazil. In this regard, these isolates were the most common non-SCCmec III MRSA in our institution, accounting for 8.9% of all isolates recovered in 2008. Thus, despite the supremacy of BEC isolates in our country, significant changes may occur in local MRSA epidemiology, with possible consequences for the rationality of MRSA empiric therapy.
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Oliveira AG, Desjardin DE, Perry BA, Stevani CV. Evidence that a single bioluminescent system is shared by all known bioluminescent fungal lineages. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2012; 11:848-52. [DOI: 10.1039/c2pp25032b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Oliveira AG, Rossanezzi G, Formariz TP, Egito EST, Scarpa MV. Effect of cationic micelles on the decomposition of alpha-aminophenyl cephalosporins. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2010; 79:372-6. [PMID: 20478697 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2010] [Revised: 04/16/2010] [Accepted: 04/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The intramolecular rates of degradation of alpha-aminophenyl cephalosporins were determined with and without hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). Micellar-derived spectral shifts were used to measure the bind of the ionic forms as well as to determine the effect of CTAB on the apparent dissociation constant of the antibiotics. The rate of the degradation of cephalexin (Cp), cefadroxil (Cf), and cephradine (Cph), increased with surfactant concentration reaching a plateau at high surfactant concentrations. In the plateau region, the rate constant was salt sensitive decreasing with NaBr concentrations. These effects were quantitatively analyzed within the framework of the pseudo-phase model with explicit considerations of ion exchange. All the experimental results were fitted to this model. The intramolecular degradation of Cf, Cp and Cph was catalyzed by 96-, 59-, and 29-fold, respectively. A working hypothesis to rationalize these effects was suggested. The obtained results demonstrate that the quantitative analysis can be used to assess, predict and control the effects of surfactants on the drug stability.
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Bray DP, Bandi KK, Brazil RP, Oliveira AG, Hamilton JGC. Synthetic sex pheromone attracts the leishmaniasis vector Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae) to traps in the field. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2009; 46:428-34. [PMID: 19496409 PMCID: PMC3197723 DOI: 10.1603/033.046.0303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Improving vector control remains a key goal in reducing the world's burden of infectious diseases. More cost-effective approaches to vector control are urgently needed, particularly because vaccines are unavailable and treatment is prohibitively expensive. The causative agent of American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL), Leishmania chagasi, Cunha and Chagas (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae), is transmitted between animal and human hosts by blood-feeding female sand flies attracted to mating aggregations formed on or above host animals by male-produced sex pheromones. Our results show the potential of using synthetic pheromones to control populations of Lutzomyia longipalpis Lutz and Neiva (Diptera: Psychodidae), the sand fly vector of one of the world's most important neglected diseases, AVL. We showed that a synthetic pheromone, (+/-)-9-methylgermacrene-B, produced from a low-cost plant intermediate, attracted females in the laboratory. By formulating dispensers that released this pheromone at a rate similar to that released by aggregating males, we were able to attract flies of both sexes to traps in the field. These dispensers worked equally well when deployed with mechanical light traps and inexpensive sticky traps. If deployed effectively, pheromone-based traps could be used to decrease AVL transmission rates through specific targeting and reduction of L. longipalpis populations. This is the first study to show attraction of a human disease-transmitting insect to a synthetic pheromone in the field, showing the general applicability of this novel approach for developing new tools for use in vector control.
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Hell RCR, Amim P, de Andrade HM, de Avila RAM, Felicori L, Oliveira AG, Oliveira CA, Nascimento E, Tavares CAP, Granier C, Chávez-Olórtegui C. Immunodiagnosis of human neurocysticercosis using a synthetic peptide selected by phage-display. Clin Immunol 2009; 131:129-38. [PMID: 19186111 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2008.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2008] [Revised: 09/23/2008] [Accepted: 10/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The usefulness of a synthetic peptide in the serodiagnosis of Taenia solium human neurocysticercosis (NC) has been evaluated. Phage-displayed peptides were screened with human antibodies to scolex protein antigen from cysticercus cellulosae (SPACc). One clone was found to interact specifically with anti-SPACc IgGs. The corresponding synthetic peptide was found to be recognized in ELISA by NC patient's sera. The study was carried out with sera from 28 confirmed NC patients, 13 control sera and 73 sera from patients suffering from other infectious diseases. A 93% sensibility and a 94.3% specificity was achieved. Figures of 89% and 31.4% of sensibility and specificity were obtained in a SPACc-based ELISA. Immunoblotting of SPACc with anti-peptide antibodies revealed a single band of approximately 45 kDa in 1D and four 45 kDa isoforms in 2D-gel electrophoresis. A strong and specific immunostaining in the fibers beneath the suckers, at the base of the rostellum, and in the tissue surrounding the scolex of cysticerci was observed by immunomicroscopy. Our results show that a peptide-based immunodiagnostic of neurocisticercosis can be envisioned.
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Oliveira AG, Stevani CV. The enzymatic nature of fungal bioluminescence. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2009; 8:1416-21. [DOI: 10.1039/b908982a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Pestana KC, Formariz TP, Franzini CM, Sarmento VHV, Chiavacci LA, Scarpa MV, Egito EST, Oliveira AG. Oil-in-water lecithin-based microemulsions as a potential delivery system for amphotericin B. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2008; 66:253-9. [PMID: 18676122 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2008.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2008] [Revised: 06/25/2008] [Accepted: 06/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this work the structural features of microemulsions (MEs) containing the pharmaceutical biocompatible Soya phosphatidylcholine/Tween 20 (1:1) as surfactant (S), Captex 200 as oil phase (O), and phosphate buffer 10mM, pH 7.2 as aqueous phase (W) were studied. Systems obtained with different proportions of the components were described by pseudo-ternary phase diagrams in order to characterize the microemulsions studied here. MEs were prepared with and without the polyene antifungal drug amphotericin B (AmB). The maximum AmB incorporation into the ME system was dependent on both the oil phase and surfactant proportions with 6.80 and 5.7 mg/mL in high contents, respectively. The incorporation of AmB into the ME systems significantly increased the profile of the droplet size of the ME for all ranges of surfactant proportions used in the formulations. The microstructures of the system were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and rheological behavior. The DLS results showed that the size of the oil droplets increases 4.6-fold when AmB is incorporated into the ME system. In all cases the increase in the proportion of the oil phase of the ME leads to a slight increase in the diameter of the oil droplets of the system. Furthermore, for both the AmB-loaded and AmB-unloaded MEs, the size of the oil droplets decrease significantly with the increase of the S proportion in the formulations, demonstrating the efficiency of the surfactant in stabilizing the ME. Depending on the ME composition, an anti-thixotropic behavior was found. The maximum increases of the consistency index caused by the increase of the oil phase of the ME were of 17- and 25-times for the drug-loaded and drug-unloaded MEs, respectively. However, the observed effect for the drug-loaded ME was about 4.6 times higher than that for the drug-unloaded one, demonstrating the strong effect of the drug on the rheological characteristics of the ME system. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that the investigated ME can be used as a very promising vehicle for AmB.
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Formariz TP, Chiavacci LA, Sarmento VHV, Franzini CM, Silva- AA, Scarpa MV, Santilli CV, Egito EST, Oliveira AG. Structural changes of biocompatible neutral microemulsions stabilized by mixed surfactant containing soya phosphatidylcholine and their relationship with doxorubicin release. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2008; 63:287-95. [PMID: 18313903 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2007.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2007] [Revised: 12/13/2007] [Accepted: 12/18/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Depending on the composition, the mixture of surfactant, oil and water, may form supramolecular aggregates with different structures which can significantly influence the drug release. In this work several microemulsion (ME) systems containing soya phosphatidylcholine (SPC) and eumulgin HRE40 (EU) as surfactant, cholesterol (O) as oil phase, and ultra-pure water as an aqueous phase were studied. MEs with and without the antitumoral drug doxorubicin (DOX) were prepared. The microstructures of the systems were characterized by photon correlation spectroscopy, rheological behavior, polarized light microscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results reveal that the diameter of the oil droplets was dependent on the surfactant (S) amount added to formulations. The apparent viscosity was dependent on the O/S ratio. High O/S ratio leads to the crystallization of cholesterol polymorphs phases which restricts the mobility of the DOX molecules into the ME structure. Droplets with short-range spatial correlation were formed from the ME with the low O/S ratio. The increase of the cholesterol fraction in the O/S mixture leads to the formation of ordered structures with lamellar arrangements. These different structural organizations directly influenced the drug release profiles. The in vitro release assay showed that the increase of the O/S ratio in the formulations inhibited the constant rate of DOX release. Since the DOX release ratio was directly dependent on the ratio of O/S following an exponential decay profile, this feature can be used to control the DOX release from the ME formulations.
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Desjardin DE, Oliveira AG, Stevani CV. Fungi bioluminescence revisited. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2008; 7:170-82. [DOI: 10.1039/b713328f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Formariz TP, Chiavacci LA, Sarmento VHV, Santilli CV, Tabosa do Egito ES, Oliveira AG. Relationship between structural features and in vitro release of doxorubicin from biocompatible anionic microemulsion. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2007; 60:28-35. [PMID: 17614263 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2007.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2007] [Revised: 05/18/2007] [Accepted: 05/21/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this work structural features of anionic microemulsions, containing the pharmaceutical biocompatible components soya phosphatidylcholine (SPC), eumulgin HRE 40 (EU) and sodium oleate (SO) as surfactant, cholesterol (CHO) as oil phase and aqueous buffer were studied. Microemulsions were formulated with and without the antitumor drug doxorubicin (DOX). The various microstructures characterized in the pseudo-ternary phase diagram were analyzed by polarized light microscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) as well as by their ability to incorporate and release DOX. The experimental results demonstrated a correlation between the composition, the structural features and drug delivery. It was found that at higher cholesterol contents, the crystallization of CHO polymorph phases changed the mobility of DOX molecules. Droplets were formed with short-range spatial correlation from a microemulsion (ME) with a low surfactant:oil ratio. More ordered structures with lamellar arrangements formed by the increasing of the CHO proportions in the formulation may be due to CHO crystallization. The in vitro release of DOX showed that the presence of a high content of crystalline CHO prolongs the release of DOX from ME. The retention of DOX in the internal oil phase of the ME may modulate the drug release for a prolonged time. These results clearly demonstrate the potential of ME as a drug-delivery system.
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Cardillo JA, Souza-Filho AA, Oliveira AG. Intravitreal Bioerudivel sustained-release triamcinolone microspheres system (RETAAC). Preliminary report of its potential usefulnes for the treatment of diabetic macular edema. ARCHIVOS DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE OFTALMOLOGIA 2006; 81:675-7, 679-81. [PMID: 17199160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
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Formariz TP, Sarmento VHV, Silva-Junior AA, Scarpa MV, Santilli CV, Oliveira AG. Doxorubicin biocompatible O/W microemulsion stabilized by mixed surfactant containing soya phosphatidylcholine. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2006; 51:54-61. [PMID: 16814997 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2006.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2006] [Revised: 04/05/2006] [Accepted: 05/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Microemulsions (ME) containing soya phosphatidylcholine (SPC)/polyoxyethylenglycerol trihydroxystearate 40 (EU)/sodium oleate (SO) as surfactant cholesterol (CHO) as oil phase and aqueous buffer were studied. Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams of the investigated systems were obtained at constant SPC/EU/SO weight ratio 3.5:3.5:3.0 by titration, in order to characterize the proportions between the components to form clear systems. The dynamic light scattering results showed that the size of the oil droplets decreases significantly with the ratio of surfactant/oil phase added to system. Depending on the composition ME system could exhibit a thixotropic behavior. The apparent viscosity increased 25- and 13-folds with cholesterol concentration for drug-free and drug-load ME, respectively. It was also verified that the octanol/aqueous buffer partition coefficient (KO/B) of doxorubicin (DOX) was pH dependent increasing abruptly above pH 6.0. It was possible to incorporate 2.24 mg/ml of DOX into ME. The incorporation of DOX in the ME systems increased the droplets size for all surfactant concentrations used in the system. The results suggest that DOX interacts with the microstructure of the ME at the studied pH increasing significantly the drug solubility. It was possible to conclude that the investigated ME can be a very promising vehicle as drug-carrier for administration of doxorubicin.
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Correa MA, Scarpa MV, Franzini MC, Oliveira AG. On the incorporation of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory naproxen into cationic O/W microemulsions. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2005; 43:108-14. [PMID: 15919187 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2005.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2005] [Revised: 04/12/2005] [Accepted: 04/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Microemulsions (ME) containing hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HTAB)/ethanol as surfactant, isopropylmyristate (IM) or butylstearate (BS) as oil phase and aqueous buffer were studied. Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams of the investigated systems were obtained at constant surfactant/cosurfactant molar ratio (1:5) by titration in order to characterize the proportions between the components to obtain clear systems. Oil in water microemulsions were prepared in a wide range of phase volume (phi). UV-vis absorption spectra of naproxen at pH 5.5 showed that the solubility of Np increases significantly in the presence of O/W ME in high phase volumes. For both, IM and BS microemulsions, the dynamic light scattering experiments showed that the size of the oil droplets remains constant in low values of phi, increasing abruptly in high phi values. Phase solubility study revealed that for both IM and BS microemulsions, the drug incorporation followed a straight-line profile in all range of phi. The data could be analyzed through the phase-separation model and the association constants (K) calculated varied from 27 to 90 M(-1), depending on the pH and on the microemulsion oil phase.
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Lopes LB, Scarpa MV, Silva GVJ, Rodrigues DC, Santilli CV, Oliveira AG. Studies on the encapsulation of diclofenac in small unilamellar liposomes of soya phosphatidylcholine. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2004; 39:151-8. [PMID: 15555896 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2004.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2004] [Revised: 09/08/2004] [Accepted: 09/26/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The encapsulation of acid (AD) and sodium diclofenac (SD) in small unilamellar liposomes (SUV) as well as the interactions of the drug with the bilayer was studied. SUV was prepared by sonication from multilamellar liposomes containing soya phosphatidylcholine and diclofenac at various proportions. The size distribution obtained from dynamic light scattering showed that the incorporation of SD decreases significantly the size of the liposomes suggesting that the drug interacts with the bilayer of the liposomes. This size decrease is related with the phase transition of liposomes to mixed micelar solution. The encapsulation of the hydrophilic dye indocyanine green in the aqueous compartment of liposomes showed that the rate of captured dye decreases with SD concentration suggesting the transition of liposomes to mixed micelles. The (31)P NMR analysis indicates that SD interacts with the phosphate of phosphatidylcholine head groups. A schematic model for interaction of SD with phosphatidylcholine of the liposomes in which the diclofenac anion interacts with the ammonium group of the phospholipid and the dichlorophenyl ring occupies a more internal site of bilayer near phosphate group was proposed.
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Souza SMB, Oliveira ON, Scarpa MV, Oliveira AG. Study of the diclofenac/phospholipid interactions with liposomes and monolayers. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2004; 36:13-7. [PMID: 15261018 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2004.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2004] [Revised: 04/19/2004] [Accepted: 05/03/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of diclofenac sodium (SD) with soya phosphatidylcholine (SPC) has been studied with floating Langmuir monolayers and liposomes. SD was either introduced into the subphase of SPC monolayers or co-spread with SPC on an aqueous subphase. In both cases, SD caused the surface pressure isotherm to become more expanded, thus demonstrating the affinity between SD and SPC. The incorporation of SD caused SPC liposomes to have a decreased diameter according to light scattering experiments. When SPC liposomes were injected into an aqueous subphase, their destruction yielding surface-active monomers could be monitored by changes in surface pressure. SD-loaded liposomes displayed a much faster kinetics when the surface density of surface-active monomers was plotted against time, with rate constants increasing significantly with the SD concentration. The kinetic profile can be quantitatively analyzed by plotting ln[1 - (gamma/gamma infinity)] versus t1/2.
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Higa RH, Oliveira AG, Horita LG, Miura RT, Inoue MK, Kuser PR, Mancini AL, Yamagishi MEB, Togawa RC, Neshich G. Defining 3D residue environment in protein structures using SCORPION and FORMIGA. Bioinformatics 2004; 20:1989-91. [PMID: 15044232 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bth190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Two web-based applications to analyze amino acids three-dimensional (3D) local environment within protein structures-SCORPION and FORMIGA-are presented. SCORPION and FORMIGA produce a graphical presentation for simple statistical data showing the frequency of residue occurrence within a given sphere (defined here as the 3D contacts). The center of that sphere is placed at the Calpha and at the last heavy atom in the side chain of the selected amino acid. Further depth of detail is given in terms of a secondary structure to which the profiled amino acid belongs. Results obtained with those two applications are relevant for estimating the importance of the amino acid 3D local environment for protein folding and stability. Effectively, SCORPION and FORMIGA construct knowledge-based force fields. The difference between SCORPION and FORMIGA is in that the latter operates on protein interfaces, while the former only functions for a single protein chain. Both applications are implemented as stand-alone components of STING Millennium Suite. AVAILABILITY http://sms.cbi.cnptia.embrapa.br/SMS, http://trantor.bioc.columbia.edu/SMS, http://mirrors.rcsb.org/SMS, http://www.es.embnet.org/SMS and http://www.ar.embnet.org/SMS. [options: Scorpion, Formiga]
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Felipe MSS, Andrade RV, Petrofeza SS, Maranhão AQ, Torres FAG, Albuquerque P, Arraes FBM, Arruda M, Azevedo MO, Baptista AJ, Bataus LAM, Borges CL, Campos EG, Cruz MR, Daher BS, Dantas A, Ferreira MASV, Ghil GV, Jesuino RSA, Kyaw CM, Leitão L, Martins CR, Moraes LMP, Neves EO, Nicola AM, Alves ES, Parente JA, Pereira M, Poças-Fonseca MJ, Resende R, Ribeiro BM, Saldanha RR, Santos SC, Silva-Pereira I, Silva MAS, Silveira E, Simões IC, Soares RBA, Souza DP, De-Souza MT, Andrade EV, Xavier MAS, Veiga HP, Venancio EJ, Carvalho MJA, Oliveira AG, Inoue MK, Almeida NF, Walter MEMT, Soares CMA, Brígido MM. Transcriptome characterization of the dimorphic and pathogenic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis by EST analysis. Yeast 2003; 20:263-71. [PMID: 12557278 DOI: 10.1002/yea.964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is a pathogenic fungus that undergoes a temperature-dependent cell morphology change from mycelium (22 degrees C) to yeast (36 degrees C). It is assumed that this morphological transition correlates with the infection of the human host. Our goal was to identify genes expressed in the mycelium (M) and yeast (Y) forms by EST sequencing in order to generate a partial map of the fungus transcriptome. Individual EST sequences were clustered by the CAP3 program and annotated using Blastx similarity analysis and InterPro Scan. Three different databases, GenBank nr, COG (clusters of orthologous groups) and GO (gene ontology) were used for annotation. A total of 3,938 (Y = 1,654 and M = 2,274) ESTs were sequenced and clustered into 597 contigs and 1,563 singlets, making up a total of 2,160 genes, which possibly represent one-quarter of the complete gene repertoire in P. brasiliensis. From this total, 1,040 were successfully annotated and 894 could be classified in 18 functional COG categories as follows: cellular metabolism (44%); information storage and processing (25%); cellular processes-cell division, posttranslational modifications, among others (19%); and genes of unknown functions (12%). Computer analysis enabled us to identify some genes potentially involved in the dimorphic transition and drug resistance. Furthermore, computer subtraction analysis revealed several genes possibly expressed in stage-specific forms of P. brasiliensis. Further analysis of these genes may provide new insights into the pathology and differentiation of P. brasiliensis.
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Lima EM, Oliveira AG. Tissue tolerance of diclofenac sodium encapsulated in liposomes after intramuscular administration. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2002; 28:673-80. [PMID: 12149959 DOI: 10.1081/ddc-120003858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In this work the effect of the encapsulation of diclofenac sodium within liposomes on the reduction of the myotoxicity after intramuscular administration in rats was studied. Diclofenac sodium was encapsulated in small unilamellar liposomes obtained from phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, and alpha-tocopherol (40:10:0.04 mM), and administered by intramuscular injection in the quadriceps femoral muscle of male Wistar rats. After a single dose of 0.2 mg diclofenac formulations the local tissue damage was assessed by plasma creatine kinase (CPK) activity and histological analysis. It was demonstrated that formulations containing free diclofenac produced a higher increase in CPK activity, while those encapsulated in liposomes exhibited CPK activity similar to the control groups. Histopathological analysis of local muscle tissue performed on the third and seventh days following the injection showed intense cellular damage when free drug solution was used, while encapsulation in liposome protected the tissue against the local tissue inflammation.
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Serejo F, Costa A, Oliveira AG, Ramalho F, Batista A, De Moura MC. Alpha-interferon improves liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C: clinical significance of the serum N-terminal propeptide of procollagen type III. Dig Dis Sci 2001; 46:1684-9. [PMID: 11508668 DOI: 10.1023/a:1010649403659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Our objective was to estimate the effect of interferon (IFN) on the evolution of fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C and the significance of the N-terminal propeptide of procollagen type III (PIIIP) as a marker of fibrogenesis. One hundred seventeen patients, 72 male (61%) and 45 female (39%), with a mean age of 40.7+/-11.9 years were treated with a2b-IFN, 3 to 5 MU, for 12 months: sustained responders (SR = 44), relapsers (RR = 35), and nonresponders (NR = 38). Liver biopsies were performed before treatment and 1 year after cessation of IFN for evaluation of the histological activity index (HAI). Serum PIIIP was obtained at the time of liver biopsy, at the beginning, during, and end of therapy and during the follow-up. The normal value in 29 healthy individuals was 0.37+/-0.18 U/L. Staging was reduced in 58% of SR, 12.5% of RR, and 11.5% of NR. There was a correlation between PIIIP and the HAI before (n = 71, r(s) = 0.41, P < 0.0004) and after IFN (n = 71, r(s) = 0.58, P < 0.0001). The SR had a better improvement in grading (90.3%; P < 0.05) and staging (58%; P < 0.001). The correlation of the HAI parameters with the variation of PIIIP showed significance only for fibrosis (r(s) = 0.36, P < 0.002) and portal inflammation (r(s) = 0.35, P < 0.01). PIIIP normalized only in patients whose fibrosis improved (P < 0.01). At the end of therapy, PIIIP had a predictive value in the distinction of SR from RR (PPV, 64; PNV, 55.6). During the follow-up, PIIIP remained lower in SR compared with RR and NR (P < 0.002). The response to a-IFN improved liver inflammation and fibrosis. Serum PIIIP is a useful noninvasive method to evaluate serially fibrogenesis in chronic hepatitis C treated with IFN.
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Dalmora ME, Dalmora SL, Oliveira AG. Inclusion complex of piroxicam with beta-cyclodextrin and incorporation in cationic microemulsion. In vitro drug release and in vivo topical anti-inflammatory effect. Int J Pharm 2001; 222:45-55. [PMID: 11404031 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5173(01)00692-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Topical formulations of piroxicam were evaluated by determination of their in vitro release and in vivo anti-inflammatory effect. The in vitro release assay demonstrated that the microemulsion (ME) systems provided a reservoir effect for piroxicam release. However, the incorporation of the ME into carboxyvinilic gel provoked a greater reduction in the release of piroxicam than the ME system alone. Anti-inflammatory activity was carried out by the cotton pellet granuloma inhibition bioassay. Topical anti-inflammatory effect of the piroxicam inclusion complex/ME contained in carboxyvinilic gel showed significant inhibition of the inflammation process (36.9%, P<0.05). Subcutaneous administration of the drug formulations showed a significant effect on the inhibition of inflammation, 68.8 and 70.5%, P<0.05, when the piroxicam was incorporated in ME and in the combined system beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD)/ME, respectively, relative to the buffered piroxicam (42.2%). These results demonstrated that the ME induced prolonged effects, providing inhibition of the inflammation for 9 days after a single dose administration.
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Oliveira AG, Andrade Filho JD, Falcão AL, Brazil RP. A new sand fly, Lutzomyia campograndensis sp. n. (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) from the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2001; 96:325-9. [PMID: 11313638 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762001000300007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During studies of the phlebotomine sand fly fauna of Campo Grande, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, a new species was captured with CDC light trap and is described here. The new species resembles Lutzomyia lutziana (Costa Lima) and is named Lutzomyia campograndensis sp. n. after the type locality.
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Santos P, Lourenço R, Camilo ME, Oliveira AG, Figueira I, Pereira ME, Ferreira B, Carmo JA, Lacerda JM. Parenteral nutrition and cyclosporine: do lipids make a difference? A prospective randomized crossover trial. Clin Nutr 2001; 20:31-6. [PMID: 11161541 DOI: 10.1054/clnu.2000.0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This prospective, controlled, randomized crossover trial was conducted to assess the effects of parenteral nutrition, with or without lipids, in cyclosporine (CyA) pharmacokinetics. METHODS 10 adult patients were randomized on the day of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation to receive isocaloric and isonitrogenous parenteral nutrition admixtures without (regimen A) or with lipids (regimen B). Admixtures were started on average by day + 7.4; 5 patients received regimen A followed by B, 5 in reverse order. Blood samples were collected at day 4 after transplantation, under oral diet, and 4 days after the initiation of each regimen as the sole nutrition support. At each time point, 8 whole blood samples were analysed for CyA to evaluate: area under the curve (AUC), trough concentration and systemic clearance. Clinical/laboratory events were recorded until 31 months of follow-up. RESULTS There was no evidence of a period or treatment-by period interaction, thus results were combined for further analysis. There were no statistically significant differences between regimens in any CyA pharmacokinetic parameters; there were no significant differences from baseline values, except for a higher systemic clearance of CyA with regimen A (0.40+/-0.09 vs 0.29+/-0.06 L/Kg/h, p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS The provision of 0.8 g/Kg/d of a 50:50 mixture of medium and long chain triglycerides did not affect CyA parameters, which were closer to baseline. In the short or long term there were no attributable side effects.
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Canto GS, Dalmora SL, Oliveira AG. Piroxicam encapsulated in liposomes: characterization and in vivo evaluation of topical anti-inflammatory effect. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 1999; 25:1235-9. [PMID: 10612018 DOI: 10.1081/ddc-100102293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes of soya phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, and stearylamine (molar ratio 6/3/1) and 0.1% alpha-tocopherol were prepared by the extrusion of multilamellar vesicles through 0.2-micron polycarbonate membrane. Liposomes were characterized by electron transmission microscopy, and the mean structure diameter was 278 nm. The encapsulation efficiency obtained was 12.73%. The topical anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated in vivo by the cotton pellet granuloma method. We analyzed free piroxicam at 4 mg/kg, piroxicam encapsulated in liposomes added to 1.5% hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) gel at 1.6 mg/kg, and piroxicam encapsulated in liposomes added to HEC gel at 4 mg/kg; the inhibition of inflammation obtained was 21.1%, 32.8%, and 47.4%, respectively. These results showed that the encapsulation of piroxicam produced an increase of topical anti-inflammatory effect, suggesting that the inhibition of inflammation can be obtained with lower drug concentrations.
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Dalmora ME, Oliveira AG. Inclusion complex of piroxicam with beta-cyclodextrin and incorporation in hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide based microemulsion. Int J Pharm 1999; 184:157-64. [PMID: 10387944 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5173(99)00099-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of piroxicam with beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD), hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide-based microemulsion (ME), and ME in the presence of beta-CD aimed at the optimization of topical drug delivery was studied. UV-VIS absorption spectra at pH 5.5 were obtained with and without beta-CD and ME. The stability constant (K) values for the piroxicam/beta-CD complex in the pH range 4.5-6.0 varied from 87 to 29 M-1. The cationic microemulsion was characterized by pseudo-ternary phase diagram. The association constant (Ks) of piroxicam/ME was determined using the framework of the pseudophase model. The value of Ks obtained for piroxicam at pH 5.5 was 132 M-1. At the same pH, the value of Ks for the incorporation of piroxicam/beta-CD complex in the ME was 150 M-1.
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Oliveira AG, Soares MJ, Pinto AS. Ultrastructural alterations induced by lithium chloride in DNA-containing organelles of a bat trypanosome. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 1997; 92:513-6. [PMID: 9361746 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02761997000400013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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