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Nassiri F, Wang JZ, Singh O, Karimi S, Dalcourt T, Ijad N, Pirouzmand N, Ng HK, Saladino A, Pollo B, Dimeco F, Yip S, Gao A, Aldape KD, Zadeh G. Loss of H3K27me3 in meningiomas. Neuro Oncol 2021; 23:1282-1291. [PMID: 33970242 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a critical need for objective and reliable biomarkers of outcome in meningiomas beyond WHO classification. Loss of H3K27me3 has been reported as a prognostically unfavorable alteration in meningiomas. We sought to independently evaluate the reproducibility and prognostic value of H3K27me3 loss by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in a multicenter study. METHODS IHC staining for H3K27me3 and analyses of whole slides from 181 meningiomas across three centers was performed. Staining was analyzed by dichotomization into loss and retained immunoreactivity, and using a 3-tiered scoring system in 151 cases with clear staining. Associations of grouping with outcome were performed using Kaplan-Meier survival estimates. RESULTS A total of 21 of 151 tumors (13.9%) demonstrated complete loss of H3K27me3 staining in tumor with retained endothelial staining. Overall, loss of H3K27me3 portended a worse outcome with shorter times to recurrence in our cohort, particularly for WHO grade 2 tumors which were enriched in our study. There were no differences in recurrence-free survival (RFS) for WHO grade 3 patients with retained vs loss of H3K27me3. Scoring by a 3-tiered system did not add further insights into the prognostic value of this H3K27me3 loss. Overall, loss of H3K27me3 was not independently associated with RFS after controlling for WHO grade, extent of resection, sex, age, and recurrence status of tumor on multivariable Cox regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS Loss of H3K27me3 identifies a subset of WHO grade 2 and possibly WHO grade 1 meningiomas with increased recurrence risk. Pooled analyses of a larger cohort of samples with standardized reporting of clinical definitions and staining patterns are warranted.
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Alsafwani N, Alrjoub M, Djuric U, Gao A, Diamandis P. Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes Are Enriched in Nonhypoxic Glioblastoma Niches. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2021; 80:202-204. [PMID: 33212506 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlaa108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Ye VC, Landry AP, Purzner T, Kalyvas A, Mohan N, O’Halloran PJ, Gao A, Zadeh G. Adult isocitrate dehydrogenase-mutant brainstem glioma: illustrative case. JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY. CASE LESSONS 2021; 1:CASE2078. [PMID: 35854925 PMCID: PMC9241351 DOI: 10.3171/case2078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adult brainstem gliomas are rare entities that demonstrate heterogeneous biology and appear to be distinct from both their pediatric counterparts and adult supratentorial gliomas. Although the role of histone 3 mutations is being increasingly understood in this disease, the effect of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations remains unclear, largely because of limited data. OBSERVATIONS The authors present the case of a 29-year-old male with an IDH1-mutant, World Health Organization grade III anaplastic astrocytoma in the dorsal medulla, and they provide a review of the available literature on adult IDH-mutant brainstem glioma. The authors have amassed a cohort of 15 such patients, 7 of whom have survival data available. Median survival is 56 months in this small cohort, which is similar to that for IDH wild-type adult brainstem gliomas. LESSONS The authors' work reenforces previous literature suggesting that the role of IDH mutation in glioma differs between brainstem and supratentorial lesions. Therefore, the authors advocate that adult brainstem gliomas be studied in terms of major molecular subgroups (including IDH mutant) because these gliomas may exhibit fundamental differences from each other, from pediatric brainstem gliomas, and from adult supratentorial gliomas.
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Bennett J, Fang K, Sheth J, Ryall S, Martin K, Nunes N, Nobre L, Perry J, Sahgal A, Mason W, Das S, Gao A, Tsang D, Nguyen L, Laperriere N, Keith J, Munoz D, Tabori U, Hawkins C. LGG-13. THE CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR LANDSCAPE OF GLIOMAS IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS. Neuro Oncol 2020. [PMCID: PMC7715841 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa222.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pediatric low grade gliomas are typically driven by MAPK upregulation with excellent long-term survival. In contrast, adult lower grade gliomas commonly harbor IDH-1 mutations and undergo malignant transformation. Gliomas in adolescents and young adults (AYA) are an orphan group of tumors that have been poorly described. We aim to determine the clinical and molecular landscape of AYA gliomas. METHODS A multi-institutional population based cohort of 839 patients diagnosed with glioma between 15–40 years has been identified. Complete molecular analysis, long term outcome and therapeutic data are being collected. RESULTS Of 364 AYA gliomas analyzed, the prevalence of WHO grade I tumors was highest in those <21 years (54%), while the prevalence of higher grade tumors increased with age. Interestingly, only 38% harbor IDH-1 mutations while 23% harbor pediatric mutations, including 8% with BRAF p.V600E, and 4% with KIAA1549:BRAF fusion. The median age for IDH-1 mutation is 32 years, with highest frequency in WHO grade II and III tumors. In contrast, BRAF alterations were most frequently observed in WHO grade I and II tumors and enriched in those less than 20 years. Five-year progression-free survival for BRAF fusion, p.V600E and IDH-1 p.R132H were 81%, 78% and 26% respectively. No survivors were observed in H3 p.K27M and p.G34R gliomas (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Gliomas in AYA overlap pediatric and adult classification and exhibit enrichment for pediatric alterations. As the latter are associated with improved PFS and are amenable to targeted therapies, this should be considered in the work up of these tumors.
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Dohopolski M, Watumull L, Mathews D, Gao A, Garant A, Choy H, Ahn C, Timmerman R, Courtney K, Hannan R. Phase II Trial of Sipuleucel-T and Stereotactic Ablative Radiation therapy (SAbR) for Patients with Metastatic Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zhou J, Li X, Shang Z, Gao A, Ji S, He C. DNA Polymerase Iota (Pol ι) Promotes Radioresistance of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma through Blocking Ubiquitin-mediated RAD51 Degradation and Homologous Recombinational Repair after Radiation-induced DNA Damage. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.2145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Gao A, Kouznetsova VL, Tsigelny IF. Bovine leukemia virus relation to human breast cancer: Meta-analysis. Microb Pathog 2020; 149:104417. [PMID: 32731009 PMCID: PMC7384413 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a virus that infects cattle around the world and is very similar to the human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV), which causes adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL). Recently, presence of BLV DNA and protein was demonstrated in commercial bovine products and in humans. BLV DNA is generally found at higher rates in humans who have or will develop breast cancer, according to research done with subjects from several countries. These findings have led to a hypothesis that BLV transmission plays a role in breast cancer oncogenesis in humans. Here we summarize the current knowledge in the field. DNA of BLV is found at higher rates in humans who have or will develop breast cancer. Global analysis links the frequency of breast cancer cases to consumption of milk and beef in the countries studied. These findings have led to a hypothesis that BLV transmission plays a role in breast cancer oncogenesis. There are contradicting results in majority of cases can be explained by different experimental methods used.
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Gao A, Armstrong M, Liu C, Liu L, Yang J, Lou W, Li P, Evans C. Inhibition steroid sulfatase suppresses androgen signaling and improves response to enzalutamide. EUR UROL SUPPL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(20)33829-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Wang JZ, Pirouzmand N, Ijad N, Velasquez C, Gao A, Karimi S, Mamatjan Y, Diamandis P, Zadeh G, Nassiri F. Clinical value of methylation testing: a case report of intraventricular schwannomas with associated molecular findings. Neurooncol Adv 2020; 2:vdaa029. [PMID: 32642688 PMCID: PMC7212842 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdaa029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Zou J, Gao A, Pisano AP. Ultralow Acoustic Loss Micromachined Butterfly Lamb Wave Resonators on AlN Plates. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2020; 67:671-674. [PMID: 31581081 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2019.2945235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the design of a novel Butterfly Lamb wave resonator (LWR) employing the S0 mode in the AlN plate, and for the first time, its ultrahigh parallel-resonance quality factor ( Qp ) of 4,021 is demonstrated, indicating an ultralow acoustic loss. Although the series resonance quality factor ( Qs ) is widely used for various loss comparisons, it is inconclusive since Qs is always dominated by the routing resistance ( Rs ), which is normally huge without the thick metal rewiring. Instead, Qp is a precise representation of the acoustic loss level for its independence of Rs and as it is closer to Qmax of the Bode Q -curve in the IDT-excited devices. A butterfly-shaped resonance cavity, theoretically predicted to reduce the anchor loss and suppress the transverse spurious mode, has been applied to the AlN LWR and experimentally shown to boost the Qp by 2.3 times. In addition, a directly measured Bode- Q curve for the LWR is reported for the first time, showing superior Q profile for the Butterfly-LWR than the conventional-LWR and good agreement with the 3 dB- Qp 's.
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Keith JL, Swinkin E, Gao A, Alminawi S, Zhang M, McGoldrick P, McKeever P, Robertson J, Rogaeva E, Zinman L. Neuropathologic description of CHCHD10 mutated amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2020; 6:e394. [PMID: 32042922 PMCID: PMC6975173 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective To present the postmortem neuropathologic report of a patient with a CHCHD10 mutation exhibiting an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) clinical phenotype. Methods A 54-year-old man without significant medical history or family history presented with arm weakness, slowly progressed over 19 years to meet the El Escorial criteria for clinically probable ALS with bulbar and respiratory involvement, and was found to have a CHCHD10 p.R15L mutation. Postmortem neuropathologic examination took place including immunohistochemical staining with CHCHD10, and double immunofluorescence combining CHCHD10 with TDP43 and neurofilament was performed and the results were compared with normal controls and sporadic ALS cases. Results Postmortem examination of the CHCHD10 mutation carrier showed severe loss of hypoglossal and anterior horn motor neurons, mild corticospinal tract degeneration, and a relative lack of TDP43 immunopathology. CHCHD10 immunohistochemistry for the 3 controls and the 5 sporadic ALS cases showed strong neuronal cytoplasmic and axonal labeling, with the CHCHD10 mutation carrier also having numerous CHCHD10 aggregates within their anterior horns. These aggregates may be related to the CHCHD10 aggregates recently described to cause mitochondrial degeneration and disease in a tissue-selective toxic gain-of-function fashion in a CHCHD10 knock-in mouse model. The CHCHD10 aggregates did not colocalize with TDP43 and were predominantly extracellular on double immunofluorescence labeling with neurofilament. Conclusions The neuropathology of CHCHD10 mutated ALS includes predominantly lower motor neuron degeneration, absent TDP43 immunopathology, and aggregates of predominantly extracellular CHCHD10, which do not contain TDP43.
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Alexander EJ, Murray JR, Morgan VA, Giles SL, Riches SF, Hazell S, Thomas K, Sohaib SA, Thompson A, Gao A, Dearnaley DP, DeSouza NM. Validation of T2- and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for mapping intra-prostatic tumour prior to focal boost dose-escalation using intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). Radiother Oncol 2019; 141:181-187. [PMID: 31493904 PMCID: PMC6908966 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2019.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE To assess the diagnostic accuracy and inter-observer agreement of T2-weighted (T2W) and diffusion-weighted (DW) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for mapping intra-prostatic tumour lesions (IPLs) for the purpose of focal dose-escalation in prostate cancer radiotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-six men selected for radical treatment with radiotherapy were recruited prospectively and underwent pre-treatment T2W+DW-MRI and 5 mm spaced transperineal template-guided mapping prostate biopsies (TTMPB). A 'traffic-light' system was used to score both data sets. Radiologically suspicious lesions measuring ≥0.5 cm3 were classified as red; suspicious lesions 0.2-0.5 cm3 or larger lesions equivocal for tumour were classified as amber. The histopathology assessment combined pathological grade and tumour length on biopsy (red = ≥4 mm primary Gleason grade 4/5 or ≥6 mm primary Gleason grade 3). Two radiologists assessed the MRI data and inter-observer agreement was measured with Cohens' Kappa co-efficient. RESULTS Twenty-five of 26 men had red image-defined IPLs by both readers, 24 had red pathology-defined lesions. There was a good correlation between lesions ≥0.5 cm3 classified "red" on imaging and "red" histopathology in biopsies (Reader 1: r = 0.61, p < 0.0001, Reader 2: r = 0.44, p = 0.03). Diagnostic accuracy for both readers for red image-defined lesions was sensitivity 85-86%, specificity 93-98%, positive predictive value (PPV) 79-92% and negative predictive value (NPV) 96%. Inter-observer agreement was good (Cohen's Kappa 0.61). CONCLUSIONS MRI is accurate for mapping clinically significant prostate cancer; diffusion-restricted lesions ≥0.5 cm3 can be confidently identified for radiation dose boosting.
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Meng FQ, Zhang QH, Gao A, Liu XZ, Zhang JN, Peng SY, Lu X, Gu L, Li H. Synergistic O 2-/Li + Dual Ion Transportation at Atomic Scale. RESEARCH 2019; 2019:9087386. [PMID: 31549094 PMCID: PMC6750112 DOI: 10.34133/2019/9087386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The ion migration during electrochemical process is a fundamental scientific issue for phase transition behavior and of technical importance for various functional devices, where cations or anions are active under electrical bias. Usually only one type of functional ion, O2- or Li+, is activated due to their different migration energy barriers, cooperated by the valence change of other immobile ions in the host lattice matrix, e.g., Co2+/Co3+ and Mn3+/Mn4+ redox couples, owing to the charge neutralization. Here we select spinel Li4Ti5O12 as anode and construct an all-solid-state battery under a transmission electron microscope; a synergistic transportation of O2- and Li+ driven by an electrical bias was directly observed at the atomic scale. A small amount of oxygen anions was extracted firstly as a result of its lowest vacancy formation energy under 2.2 V, leading to the vertical displacement of oxygen. Up to 2.7 V, an ordered phase with both Li- and O- deficiency formed. The Li+ and O2- ions are simultaneously extracted out from the [LiO4] tetrahedra due to the electroneutrality principle. The migration paths of O and Li have been proposed and verified by first-principles calculations. These results reveal a brand new synergistic ion migration manner and may provide up-to-date insights on the transportation process of lithium ion conductors.
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Khan A, Gao A, Hall E, Hassan S, Cruikshank C, Griffin C, Mossop H, Dearnaley D. Do Routine Computed Tomography Scans Detect Early Spinal Cord Compression in Patients with Castrate Resistant Prostate Cancer? Implications for the PROMPTS Trial. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2016.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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McNeilly A, Gao A, Hill A, Gomersall T, Balfour D, Sutherland C, Stewart C. The effect of dietary intervention on the metabolic and behavioural impairments generated by short term high fat feeding in the rat. Physiol Behav 2016; 167:100-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Gao A, Zheng YW, Cheng T. [Modification of DNA methylation in leukemia development]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2016; 37:1003-1007. [PMID: 27995891 PMCID: PMC7348520 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Iyengar P, Westover K, Court L, Patel M, Shivnani A, Saunders M, Li Y, Chang J, Gao A, Ahn C, Choy H, Timmerman R. A Phase III Randomized Study of Image Guided Conventional (60 Gy/30 fx) Versus Accelerated, Hypofractionated (60 Gy/15 fx) Radiation for Poor Performance Status Stage II and III NSCLC Patients—An Interim Analysis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.06.1763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Rahimi A, Thomas K, Spangler A, Leitch M, Rao R, Wooldridge R, Rivers A, Seiler S, Albuquerque K, Stevenson S, Goudreau S, Garwood D, Haley B, Euhus D, Chen D, Heinzerling J, Ding C, Gao A, Ahn C, Timmerman R. Phase 1 Dose Escalation Trial Using 5-Fraction Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy For Partial Breast Irradiation (S-PBI). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Wang Y, Gao A, Zhao H, Lu P, Cheng H, Dong F, Gong Y, Ma S, Zheng Y, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Xu J, Zhu X, Yuan W, Zhang X, Hao S, Cheng T. Leukemia cell infiltration causes defective erythropoiesis partially through MIP-1α/CCL3. Leukemia 2016; 30:1897-908. [PMID: 27109512 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Leukemia often results in severe anemia, which may significantly contribute to patient mortality and morbidity. However, the mechanisms underlying defective erythropoiesis in leukemia have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated that insufficient erythropoiesis in an immunocompetent acute myeloid leukemia (AML) murine model was due to reduced proliferation of megakaryocyte erythroid progenitors and increased apoptosis of erythroblasts. Colony-forming cell assays indicated that the leukemic bone marrow (BM) plasma inhibited erythroid colony formation, whereas they had no inhibitory effect on other types of colonies. Cytokine array analysis demonstrated that the chemokine CCL3 was elevated in the plasma of AML mice and patients. CCL3 inhibited erythroid differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells, common myeloid progenitors and especially megakaryocytic-erythroid progenitors. Administration of the CCR1 antagonist partially recovered the yield of erythroid colonies in the presence of CCL3 or leukemic BM plasma. Mechanistically, we observed an increase of p38 phosphorylation and subsequent downregulation of GATA1 after CCL3 treatment. Furthermore, knockdown of CCL3 attenuated leukemic progression and alleviated anemia. Therefore, our results demonstrate that elevated CCL3 in the leukemic environment suppresses erythropoiesis via CCR1-p38 activation, suggesting a novel mechanism for the erythroid defects observed in leukemia.
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Gao A, Rizo PJ, Scaccabarozzi L, Lee CJ, Banine V, Bijkerk F. Photoluminescence-based detection of particle contamination on extreme ultraviolet reticles. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2015; 86:063109. [PMID: 26133830 DOI: 10.1063/1.4922883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Here, we propose a comparison-free inspection technique to detect particle contamination on the reticle of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography systems, based on the photoluminescence spectral characteristics of the contaminant particles and their elemental composition. We have analyzed the spectra from different particles found on reticles in EUV lithographic systems and have determined the minimum detectable particle size: 25 nm for organic particles and 100 nm for Al particles. Stainless steel coatings (50 nm thick and 50 × 50 μm(2) in area) exhibit detectable photoluminescence, and the estimated minimum detectable particle is 2 μm.
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Visanji NP, Marras C, Kern DS, Al Dakheel A, Gao A, Liu LWC, Lang AE, Hazrati LN. Colonic mucosal a-synuclein lacks specificity as a biomarker for Parkinson disease. Neurology 2015; 84:609-16. [PMID: 25589666 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000001240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the utility of detecting a-synuclein (aSyn) in colonic mucosal biopsy tissue as a potential diagnostic biomarker for Parkinson disease (PD). METHODS We used the paraffin-embedded tissue (PET) blot, which degrades physiologic nonaggregated aSyn using proteinase K and enhances antigen retrieval allowing sensitive and selective detection of remaining protein aggregates, to detect aSyn in colonic mucosal biopsies from 15 patients with early PD (,3 years), 7 patients with later PD (.5 years), and 11 individuals without PD. aSyn and serine 129–phosphorylated aSyn (Ser129p-aSyn) were assessed by PET blot and conventional immunohistochemistry. RESULTS PET blot–resistant aggregated aSyn and Ser129p-aSyn was present in 12 of 15 individuals with early PD, 7 of 7 individuals with later PD, and 11 of 11 control subjects. The number of biopsies positive by PET blot relative to conventional immunohistochemistry was significantly lower in both PD groups compared with the control group for both aSyn and Ser129p-aSyn,whereas routine immunohistochemistry was positive more often in PD, but was positive in as many as 9 of 11 control individuals. CONCLUSION Strong evidence of the presence of aggregated hyperphosphorylated aSyn in individuals with and without PD, using such a sensitive and specific method as the PET blot, suggests that colonic deposition of aSyn is not a useful diagnostic test for PD. The utility of detecting aSynin the colon as a biomarker in combination with other assessments remains to be determined.
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Lopez Knowles E, Gao A, Macneill F, Pinhel I, Martin L, Dowsett M. Effect of delays in time to fixation due to routine X-ray of surgical breast cancer specimens on gene expression profiles. Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv116.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Murray J, Alexander E, Gao A, Wilkins A, Thomas K, Dearnaley D, Gulliford S. PO-0736: Bladder and trigone surface doses are related to acute urinary toxicity in focally dose-escalated prostate IMRT. Radiother Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)40728-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Yang G, Zhu Z, Wang Y, Gao A, Niu P, Chen L, Tian L. Bone morphogenetic protein 7 attenuates epithelial-mesenchymal transition induced by silica. Hum Exp Toxicol 2015; 35:69-77. [PMID: 25733726 DOI: 10.1177/0960327115577550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical process in the pulmonary fibrosis. It has been reported that bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7) was able to reverse EMT in proximal tubular cells. Therefore, we test the hypothesis that EMT contributes to silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis and BMP-7 inhibits EMT in silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Progressive silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis in the rat was used as a model of silicosis. Epithelial and mesenchymal markers were measured from rat fibrotic lungs. Then the effects of BMP-7 on the EMT were further confirmed in A549 cells. There are increases of vimentin as a mesenchymal marker and decreases of E-cadherin as an epithelial marker in the silica-exposed rat lungs, which is in agreement with the A549 cells data. However, BMP-7 treatment significantly reduced expression of vimentin in the rat pulmonary fibrosis model and in A549 cells. In conclusion, EMT contributes to silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Meanwhile, the treatment of BMP-7 can inhibit silica-induced EMT in vitro and in vivo.
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Balamurugan S, Ahmed R, Gao A. Survival of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in broth as influenced by pH, water activity and temperature. Lett Appl Microbiol 2014; 60:341-6. [PMID: 25458754 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study examined the effects of and interactions between pH, aw and temperature on the survival of the top six non-O157 STECs and Escherichia coli O157:H7. All variables significantly affected the survival of all STEC serotypes. However, aw bore the most significant effect, followed by temperature and then pH. Examination of the effect of the interaction between these variables revealed that the interaction between aw and temperature was the most significant followed by the interaction between pH and temperature and then aw and pH. Decrease in aw resulted in population reduction of all serotypes studied. This reduction in population was significantly increased with the increase in temperature and was further significantly enhanced with decreasing pH. Examination of the differences in the survival among the individual serotypes revealed that the response of each serotype to aw or temperature changes was significantly different, while their response to pH changes was similar. Analysis of the relative survival of individual non-O157 STECs to O157:H7 revealed that the survival of O121 and O45 was not significantly different to O157:H7 while O103, O111, O145 and O26 showed less tolerance to the combined treatments, and their survival was significantly different from O157:H7. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Results of this study estimate the interaction between pH, aw and temperature on the survival of the top six non-O157 STECs relative to Escherichia coli O157:H7 and provide important growth and no-growth condition which will offer risk assessors a means of estimating the likelihood of these pathogens, if present, would grow in response to the interaction between the three variables assessed.
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