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Duarte MHL, Sousa-Lima RS, Young RJ, Vasconcelos MF, Bittencourt E, Scarpelli MDA, Farina A, Pieretti N. Changes on soundscapes reveal impacts of wildfires in the fauna of a Brazilian savanna. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 769:144988. [PMID: 33486180 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.144988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Wildfire is a natural process in Brazilian savannas, but human activities alter fire regimes and threaten biodiversity. In this study, we used an ecoacoustics approach to assess fauna responses and recovery after wildfire in a Brazilian savanna. Six passive acoustic monitoring devices were used to record soundscapes before and after a wildfire a at burned and non-burned sites for one year and one month (September 2012 to September 2013). Power Spectral Density and the Acoustic Complexity Index were used to track biophony. Before the fire, the two sites had similar biophonic patterns (PSD: T = 1136, Z = 1.52, P = 0.12; ACI: T = 1117, Z = 1.10, P = 0.26) and soniferous species richness (Site 1 = 52 and Site 2 = 49). However, in the first two sessions of recordings after the fire, biophony became higher at the burned site during the day (PSD: T = 211 and 233; Z = 4.13 and 6.41; ACI: T = 120 and 469, Z = 5.14 and 7.07; all P < 0.00). During the night, biophony was usually higher at the non-burned site until May 2013 (PSD: T = 0 to 453; Z = 3.30 to 5.90; ACI: T = 333 to 491, Z = 3.80 to 4.93; all P < 0.00). Biophony became similar (P = 0.17 to 0.38) at the two sites or higher (P = 0.00 to 0.01) at the burned site from July to September 2013 (PSD: T = 55 to 1167; Z = 1.35 to 6.89; ACI: T = 719 to 1365, Z = 0.87 to 3.04). After the fire, a reduction of soniferous species at the burned site was observed for insects and bats. Both biophonic activity and soniferous species showed a tendency to recover one year after the fire, but there were still less species in September 2013 (non-burned = 43 and burned = 37) when compared to September 2012 at both sites (Site 1 = 52 and Site 2 = 49). Our results showed that changes in the natural regimes of fire can negatively impact the biodiversity and reinforce the need for monitoring protocols and inspection of wildfires.
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Castellucci P, Savoia F, Farina A, Lima GM, Patrizi A, Baraldi C, Zagni F, Vichi S, Pettinato C, Morganti AG, Strigari L, Fanti S. High dose brachytherapy with non sealed 188Re (rhenium) resin in patients with non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs): single center preliminary results. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 48:1511-1521. [PMID: 33140131 PMCID: PMC8113182 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-020-05088-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM High dose brachytherapy using a non sealed 188Re-resin (Rhenium-SCT®, Oncobeta® GmbH, Munich, Germany) is a treatment option for non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). The aim of this prospective study was to assess the efficacy and the safety of a single application of Rhenium-SCT® in NMSC. MATERIALS AND METHOD Fifty consecutive patients (15F, 35 M, range of age 56-97, mean 81) showing 60 histologically proven NMSCs were enrolled and treated with the Rhenium-SCT® between October 2017 and January 2020. Lesions were located on the face, ears, nose or scalp (n = 46), extremities (n = 9), and trunk (n = 5). Mean surface areas were 7.0 cm2 (1-36 cm2), mean thickness invasion was 1.1 mm (0.2-2.5 mm), and mean treatment time was 79 min (21-85 min). Superficial, mean, and target absorbed dose were 185 Gy, 63 Gy, and 31 Gy respectively. Patients were followed-up at 14, 30, 60, 90, and 180 days posttreatment, when dermoscopy and biopsy were performed. Mean follow-up was 20 months (range 3-33 months). Early skin toxicity was classified according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE). Cosmetic results were evaluated after at least 12 months according to Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) scale. RESULTS At 6 months follow-up, histology and dermoscopy were available for 54/60 lesions, of which 53/54 (98%) completely responded. One patient showed a 1-cm2 residual lesion that was subsequently surgically excised. Twelve months after treatment, 41/41 evaluable lesions were free from relapse. Twenty four months after treatment, 23/24 evaluable lesions were free of relapse. In 56/60 lesions early side effects, resolving within 32 days were classified as grades 1-2 (CTCAE). In the remaining 4/60 lesions, these findings were classified as grade 3 (CTCAE) and lasted up to 8-12 weeks but all resolved within 90 days. After at least 12 months (12-33 months), cosmetic results were excellent (30 lesions) or good (11 lesions). CONCLUSION High dose brachytherapy with Rhenium-SCT® is a noninvasive, reasonably safe, easy to perform, effective and well-tolerated approach to treat NMSCs, and it seems to be a useful alternative option when surgery or radiation therapy are difficult to perform or not recommended. In our population 98% of the treated lesions resolved completely after a single application and only one relapsed after 2 years. Larger patients' population and longer follow-up are needed to confirm these preliminary data and to find the optimal dose to administer in order to achieve complete response without significant side effects.
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Cavoretto PI, Farina A, Miglio R, Zamagni G, Girardelli S, Vanni VS, Morano D, Spinillo S, Sartor F, Candiani M. Prospective longitudinal cohort study of uterine arteries Doppler in singleton pregnancies obtained by IVF/ICSI with oocyte donation or natural conception. Hum Reprod 2021; 35:2428-2438. [PMID: 33099621 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deaa235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Do uterine arteries Doppler studies show different pulsatility index (UtA-PI) measurements in IVF/ICSI pregnancies with oocyte donation (OD) as compared to natural conceptions? SUMMARY ANSWER In IVF/ICSI pregnancies with OD, UtA-PI is reduced by an average of about 40% as compared to pregnancies with natural conception. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY OD pregnancies present worse pregnancy outcomes as compared to natural conception, particularly for increased incidence of pre-eclampsia (PE). Recent evidence shows that IVF/ICSI pregnancies with frozen blastocyst transfer also present higher prevalence of PE and 15% lower UtA-PI as compared to pregnancies after fresh blastocyst transfers. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Prospective, longitudinal matched cohort study performed in the Fetal Medicine and Obstetric Departments of San Raffaele Hospital in Milan, between 2013 and 2018. The analysis is based on 584 Doppler observations collected from 296 women with different method of conception (OD n = 122; natural conception n = 174). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS IVF/ICSI viable singleton pregnancies with OD and natural conception control pregnancies matched for BMI and smoking, performing repeated UtA-PI measurements at 11-34 weeks. Miscarriages, abnormalities, twins, significant maternal diseases and other types of ARTs were excluded. Log mean left-right UtA-PI was used for analysis with linear mixed model (LMM) and correction for significant confounders. Pregnancy outcome was also analyzed. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Participants after OD were older and more frequently nulliparous (mean age: OD 43.4, 95% CI from 42.3 to 44.6; natural conception 35.1, 95% CI from 34.5 to 35.7; P-value < 0.001; nulliparous: OD 96.6%; natural conception 56.2%; P-value < 0.001). Mean pulsatility index was lower in OD (UtA-PI: natural conception 1.22; 95% CI from 1.11 to 1.28; OD 1.04; 95% CI from 0.96 to 1.12; P-value < 0.001). A significant effect of parity, gestational age (GA) modeled with a cubic polynomial and BMI was described in the LMM. The mean Log UtA-PI was on average 37% lower in OD as compared to natural conception pregnancies at LMM (P-value < 0.001). We also found a significant interaction between longitudinal UtA-PI Doppler and GA. Therefore, at 11 weeks' gestation the Log UtA-PI was 42% lower and, at 34 weeks, the differences reduced to 32%. GA at delivery and birth weight were statistically lower in OD group; however, birthweight centile was not statistically different. Preeclampsia was 11-fold more common in the OD group (0.6% and 6.6%, P-value = 0.003). No other significant difference in pregnancy outcome was shown in the study groups (gestational diabetes mellitus, small or large for GA). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION It was not possible to properly match for maternal age and to blind the assessment given the major differences between cohorts; however, we did not find significant within-groups effects related to maternal age. Future research is needed to reassess outcomes and correct them for maternal characteristics (e.g. cardiovascular function). WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This finding reproduces our previous discovery of lower UtA-PI in frozen as compared to fresh blastocyst transfer. The vast majority of OD is obtained by the use of cryopreservation. We speculate that increased uterine perfusion may be the physiological response to compensate dysfunctions both in the mother and in the placenta. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This is a non-funded study. The authors do not declare competing interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Farina A, Rosato E, York M, Gewurz BE, Trojanowska M, Farina GA. Innate Immune Modulation Induced by EBV Lytic Infection Promotes Endothelial Cell Inflammation and Vascular Injury in Scleroderma. Front Immunol 2021; 12:651013. [PMID: 33953718 PMCID: PMC8089375 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.651013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microvascular injury is considered an initial event in the pathogenesis of scleroderma and endothelial cells are suspected of being the target of the autoimmune process seen in the disease. EBV has long been proposed as a trigger for autoimmune diseases, including scleroderma. Nevertheless, its contribution to the pathogenic process remains poorly understood. In this study, we report that EBV lytic antigens are detected in scleroderma dermal vessels, suggesting that endothelial cells might represent a target for EBV infection in scleroderma skin. We show that EBV DNA load is remarkably increased in peripheral blood, plasma and circulating monocytes from scleroderma patients compared to healthy EBV carriers, and that monocytes represent the prominent subsets of EBV-infected cells in scleroderma. Given that monocytes have the capacity to adhere to the endothelium, we then investigated whether monocyte-associated EBV could infect primary human endothelial cells. We demonstrated that endothelial cells are infectable by EBV, using human monocytes bound to recombinant EBV as a shuttle, even though cell-free virus failed to infect them. We show that EBV induces activation of TLR9 innate immune response and markers of vascular injury in infected endothelial cells and that up-regulation is associated with the expression of EBV lytic genes in infected cells. EBV innate immune modulation suggests a novel mechanism mediating inflammation, by which EBV triggers endothelial cell and vascular injury in scleroderma. In addition, our data point to up-regulation of EBV DNA loads as potential biomarker in developing vasculopathy in scleroderma. These findings provide the framework for the development of novel therapeutic interventions to shift the scleroderma treatment paradigm towards antiviral therapies.
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Castellucci P, Savoia F, Farina A, Lima GM, Patrizi A, Baraldi C, Zagni F, Vichi S, Pettinato C, Morganti AG, Strigari L, Fanti S. Correction to: High dose brachytherapy with non sealed 188Re (rhenium) resin in patients with non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs): single center preliminary results. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 48:1706. [PMID: 33871669 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05363-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Farina A, Labriola R, Ialongo C, Suppa M, Viggiani V, Lucarelli M, Anastasi E, Angeloni A. Transient plasma cell dyscrasia in COVID-19 patients linked to IL-6 triggering. Microbes Infect 2021; 23:104808. [PMID: 33753206 PMCID: PMC7979272 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2021.104808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An unusual clonal gammopathy was reported in COVID-19 patient but whether this anomaly is related or not to the disease has not yet been clarified. To this aim, we selected a cohort of 35 COVID-19 patients swab positive and investigated serological levels of IL-6, immune response to major viral antigens and electrophoretic profile. Elevated levels of IL-6 were accompanied by a significative humoral response to viral Spike protein, revealing an altered electrophoretic profile in the gamma region. We can conclude that elevated levels of IL-6 triggers humoral response inducing a transient plasma cell dyscrasia in severe COVID-19 patients.
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Gonnella R, Dimarco M, Farina GA, Santarelli R, Valia S, Faggioni A, Angeloni A, Cirone M, Farina A. BFRF1 protein is involved in EBV-mediated autophagy manipulation. Microbes Infect 2020; 22:585-591. [PMID: 32882412 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Viral egress and autophagy are two mechanisms that seem to be strictly connected in Herpesviruses's biology. Several data suggest that the autophagic machinery facilitates the egress of viral capsids and thus the production of new infectious particles. In the Herpesvirus family, viral nuclear egress is controlled and organized by a well conserved group of proteins named Nuclear Egress Complex (NEC). In the case of EBV, NEC is composed by BFRF1 and BFLF2 proteins, although the alterations of the nuclear host cell architecture are mainly driven by BFRF1, a multifunctional viral protein anchored to the inner nuclear membrane of the host cell. BFRF1 shares a peculiar distribution with several nuclear components and with them it strictly interacts. In this study, we investigated the possible role of BFRF1 in manipulating autophagy, pathway that possibly originates from nucleus, regulating the interplay between autophagy and viral egress.
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Cavoretto PI, Farina A, Gaeta G, Sigismondi C, Spinillo S, Casiero D, Pozzoni M, Vigano P, Papaleo E, Candiani M. Uterine artery Doppler in singleton pregnancies conceived after in-vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection with fresh vs frozen blastocyst transfer: longitudinal cohort study. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2020; 56:603-610. [PMID: 31909549 DOI: 10.1002/uog.21969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pregnancies conceived by frozen blastocyst transfer (FBT) have higher gestational age and weight at birth as compared to those derived by fresh blastocyst transfer. The aim of this study was to evaluate uterine artery pulsatility index (UtA-PI) in pregnancies conceived by in-vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) techniques using fresh vs cryopreserved blastocysts. METHODS This was a prospective longitudinal study of viable singleton IVF/ICSI pregnancies conceived after FBT or fresh blastocyst transfer, that underwent serial ultrasound assessment at San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy at 7-37 gestational weeks. We excluded pregnancies conceived using other assisted reproductive techniques such as egg donation, twin gestation, pregnancy with abnormality and those resulting in miscarriage. Pregnant women underwent ultrasound assessment at 7-10, 11-14, 18-25 and 26-37 weeks' gestation. Mean UtA-PI was measured using Doppler ultrasound according to The Fetal Medicine Foundation criteria. Pregnancy outcomes were recorded. The primary outcome was mean UtA-PI measurement and secondary outcomes were gestational age at birth, birth weight and fetal and maternal complications, including small-for-gestational age (SGA), pre-eclampsia and large-for-gestational age. UtA-PI values were made Gaussian after log10 transformation. Analysis of repeated measures using a multilevel linear mixed model (fixed effects and random effects) was performed. The possible effect of other covariates on UtA-PI Doppler values, including body mass index, SGA and pre-eclampsia, was also evaluated. RESULTS A total of 367 IVF/ICSI cycles, comprising 164 with fresh blastocyst transfer and 203 with FBT, were included and a total of 625 observations (median, 2.5 (range, 1-4)) were collected and analyzed. The FBT group had on average 14% lower UtA-PI compared with the fresh-blastocyst-transfer group. In pregnancies with SGA fetuses, UtA-PI was 18% higher compared to pregnancies without, irrespective of the study group. Pregnancies that underwent fresh blastocyst transfer had significantly lower birth-weight centile (43.4 ± 23.3 vs 50.0 ± 23.1; P = 0.007) and a higher rate of SGA (7.9% vs 2.0%; P = 0.008) compared to those that underwent FBT. No significant differences were found between the two groups with respect to gestational age at birth and rates of preterm birth, pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus and large-for-gestational age. CONCLUSION UtA-PI and the proportion of SGA are lower in IVF/ICSI pregnancies conceived after FBT as compared to fresh blastocyst transfer. Copyright © 2020 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Contro E, Larcher L, Balducci A, Prandstraller D, Perolo A, Lenzi J, Farina A, Donti A, Gargiulo G, Pilu G, Gatta AD. OC01.01: Foramen ovale morphology at fetal echocardiography may predict neonatal outcome in fetuses with complete transposition of the great arteries. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2020; 56 Suppl 1:1-378. [PMID: 33063402 DOI: 10.1002/uog.22195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
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Brunelli E, Seidenari A, Germano C, Prefumo F, Cavoretto P, Di Martino D, Masturzo B, Morano D, Rizzo N, Farina A. External validation of a simple risk score based on the ASPRE trial algorithm for preterm pre-eclampsia considering maternal characteristics in nulliparous pregnant women: a multicentre retrospective cohort study. BJOG 2020; 127:1210-1215. [PMID: 32275798 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.16246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To validate the performance of a first-trimester simple risk score based on the ASPRE trial algorithm for pre-eclampsia. DESIGN Multicentre retrospective cohort analysis. SETTING Four Italian hospitals. POPULATION Unselected nulliparous women at 11-13 weeks of gestation from January 2014 through to January 2018. METHODS Model performance was evaluated based on discrimination and calibration. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Delivery before 37 weeks of gestation with a diagnosis of pre-eclampsia. RESULTS Based on 73 preterm pre-eclampsia cases and 7546 controls (including 101 cases of late pre-eclampsia), the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve was 0.659 (95% CI 0.579-0.726). The sensitivity was 32.9% (95% CI 22.1-43.7) at a false-positive rate of 8.8%. The positive likelihood ratio was 3.74 (95% CI 2.67-5.23), the positive predictive value was 3.49% (95% CI 2.12-4.86%) and the negative predictive value was 99.3% (95% CI 99.1-99.5%). The sensitivity and positive likelihood ratio were approximately 40% lower than in the original study. The calibration analysis showed a good agreement between observed and expected risks (P = 0.037). Comparison with the Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF) algorithm yielded a difference in the area under the curve of 0.084 (P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS In our Italian population, the simple risk score had a lower performance than expected for the prediction of preterm pre-eclampsia in nulliparous women. The FMF algorithm applied to the same data set resulted in a better prediction. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT Simple risk score predicts preterm pre-eclampsia in Italy.
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Dinoto E, Pecoraro F, Mirabella D, Ferlito F, Farina A, Lo Biundo N, Conti P, Bajardi G. Endovascular Treatment with Drug-Eluting Balloon for Severe Subclavian Artery Stenosis Involving the Origin of the Vertebral Artery. Transl Med UniSa 2020; 21:35-37. [PMID: 32123680 PMCID: PMC7039271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The first line approach for subclavian steal syndrome is PTA-stenting of subclavian artery. When the ipsilateral vertebral artery origin is involved or in closed proximity of the atherosclerotic lesion in the subclavian artery PTA-stenting is at risk of ipsilateral vertebral artery coverage. Herein we report our experience with DEB to address lesions involving the subclavian artery and the origin of the ipsilateral vertebral artery. From January 2017 to February 2019, patients presenting subclavian artery lesion involving the origin of the ipsilateral vertebral artery and treated using primary DEB, were included. Three patients, with left subclavian steal syndrome, were identified. The perioperative mortality and morbidity were outcomes evaluated. Freedom from occlusion, secondary patency, amputation rate was registered. A total of 3 (2 female) patients were included in the study. No complication, symptoms recurrence, restenosis or occlusion were reported at duplex scan during 12-month follow-up. Indication for stenting was arterial dissection. In our limited experience, the use of DEB in association to embolic protection device in the treatment of atherosclerotic subclavian lesion involving the origin of the vertebral artery was safe and technically feasible.
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Dinoto E, Pecoraro F, Mirabella D, Ferlito F, Farina A, Lo Biundo N, Orlando-Conti P, Bajardi G. A Single-Center Experience on Below-The-Knee Endovascular Treatment in Diabetic Patients. Transl Med UniSa 2020; 21:21-23. [PMID: 32123676 PMCID: PMC7039268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic ulceration of the foot is a major global medical, social and economic problem and is the most frequent end-point of diabetic complications. A retrospective analysis from February 2017 to May 2019 of diabetic patients presenting below-the-knee artery disease (PAD) was carried out. Only patients treated with endovascular techniques as first choice treatment were evaluated. Outcome measured was perioperative mortality and morbidity. Freedom from occlusion, secondary patency and amputation rate were all registered. Additional maneuvers including stenting or angioplasty with drug eluting balloon (DEB) were reported. A total of 167 (101 male/66 female) patients with a mean age of 71 years were included in the study. A Rutherford 3, 4, 5 and 6 categories were reported in 5, 7, 110 and 45 patients, respectively. No perioperative mortality was reported. Morbidity occurred in 4 (4.4%) cases and consisted of pseudoaneurysm. Additional stenting during first procedure was required in 7 (4%) patients, drug eluting balloon was needed in 56 (33%) patients. At 1-year follow-up, estimated freedom from occlusion and secondary patency was 70% and 80% respectively. Major amputation rate was 2.4%, minor amputation rate was 41.9%. In our experience, extreme revascularization in search of distal direct flow reduce the rate of amputations with an increase in ulcer healing. New materials and techniques such as drug eluting technology, used properly, can improve outcome.
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Di Martino DD, Ferrazzi E, Garbin M, Fusè F, Izzo T, Duvekot J, Farina A. Multivariable evaluation of maternal hemodynamic profile in pregnancy complicated by fetal growth restriction: prospective study. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2019; 54:732-739. [PMID: 30207002 DOI: 10.1002/uog.20118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between fetal growth restriction (FGR) and maternal hemodynamic parameters using multivariable analysis, adjusting for major confounding factors, such as hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (pre-eclampsia and gestational hypertension). METHODS A prospective cohort study was conducted between January 2013 and April 2016. Two cohorts of patients were recruited, between 24 and 39 weeks of gestation, in a high-risk outpatient setting. These cohorts comprised 49 appropriate-for-gestational-age singleton fetuses and 93 that were FGR (abdominal circumference (AC) at recruitment in the second half of pregnancy ≤ 10th percentile with a previous normal AC at 20-22 weeks). Maternal echocardiography was performed at the time of enrolment and included hemodynamic parameters of systolic and diastolic function and cardiac remodeling indices. Data were analyzed using a multivariable generalized linear model to estimate the association of FGR with maternal hemodynamic parameters after adjusting for significant confounding factors. RESULTS In the multivariable analysis, after adjustment for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and smoking, FGR was associated with a 14% increase in maternal total vascular resistance, 16% reduction in cardiac output, 13% reduction in left ventricular mass and 11% reduction in heart rate; similar results were observed for the corresponding indexed parameters. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in the absence of FGR were associated with a 25% increase in total vascular resistance, 16% increase in left ventricular mass and 14% reduction in diastolic function; similar results were observed for the corresponding indexed parameters. CONCLUSION FGR is significantly and independently associated with several maternal hemodynamic parameters, even after adjustment for major confounding factors, such as hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Copyright © 2018 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Dreyfus DH, Farina A, Farina GA. Correction to: Molecular mimicry, genetic homology, and gene sharing proteomic "molecular fingerprints" using an EBV (Epstein-Barr virus)-derived microarray as a potential diagnostic method in autoimmune disease. Immunol Res 2019; 67:460. [PMID: 31773489 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-019-09108-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The below funding information was missing in the published article.
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Farina A, Candeo A, Dalla Mora A, Bassi A, Lussana R, Villa F, Valentini G, Arridge S, D'Andrea C. Novel time-resolved camera based on compressed sensing. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:31889-31899. [PMID: 31684412 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.031889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved cameras with high temporal resolution (down to ps) enable a huge set of novel applications ranging from biomedicine and environmental science to material and device characterization. In this work, we propose, and experimentally validate, a novel detection scheme for time-resolved imaging based on a compressed sampling approach. The proposed scheme unifies into a single element all the required operations, i.e. space modulation, space integration and time-resolved detection, paving the way to dramatic cost reduction, performance improvement and ease of use.
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Severa M, Rizzo F, Srinivasan S, Di Dario M, Giacomini E, Buscarinu MC, Cruciani M, Etna MP, Sandini S, Mechelli R, Farina A, Trivedi P, Hertzog PJ, Salvetti M, Farina C, Coccia EM. A cell type-specific transcriptomic approach to map B cell and monocyte type I interferon-linked pathogenic signatures in Multiple Sclerosis. J Autoimmun 2019; 101:1-16. [PMID: 31047767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alteration in endogenous Interferon (IFN) system may profoundly impact immune cell function in autoimmune diseases. Here, we provide evidence that dysregulation in IFN-regulated genes and pathways are involved in B cell- and monocyte-driven pathogenic contribution to Multiple Sclerosis (MS) development and maintenance. In particular, by using an Interferome-based cell type-specific approach, we characterized an increased susceptibility to an IFN-linked caspase-3 dependent apoptotic cell death in both B cells and monocytes of MS patients that may arise from their chronic activation and persistent stimulation by activated T cells. Ongoing caspase-3 activation functionally impacts on MS monocyte properties influencing the STAT-3/IL-16 axis, thus, driving increased expression and massive release of the bio-active IL-16 triggering and perpetuating CD4+ T cell migration. Importantly, our analysis also identified a previously unknown multi-component defect in type I IFN-mediated signaling and response to virus pathways specific of MS B cells, impacting on induction of anti-viral responses and Epstein-barr virus infection control in patients. Taking advantage of cell type-specific transcriptomics and in-depth functional validation, this study revealed pathogenic contribution of endogenous IFN signaling and IFN-regulated cell processes to MS pathogenesis with implications on fate and functions of B cells and monocytes that may hold therapeutic potential.
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Zagni F, Lima G, Farina A, Castellucci P, Savoia F, Kirikova A, Wendler T, Fanti S, Marengo M. 361. A new therapy with 188Re for non-melanoma skin cancers. First experiences. Phys Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.04.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Mazzaccaro D, Farina A, Petsos K, Nano G. The Role of Duplex Ultrasound in Detecting Graft Thrombosis and Endoleak After Endovascular Aortic Repair for Abdominal Aneurysm. J Vasc Surg 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2018.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Cerulo M, Escolino M, Turrà F, Roberti A, Farina A, Esposito C. Benefits of Retroperitoneoscopic Surgery in Pediatric Urology. Curr Urol Rep 2018; 19:33. [DOI: 10.1007/s11934-018-0777-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Fasano A, Guarnieri G, Farina A. A mathematical model for the evolution of solute concentrations in a hemodialysis filter. INT J BIOMATH 2018. [DOI: 10.1142/s1793524518500158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We consider the process of hemodialysis performed by means of a hollow fiber dialyzer with a special focus on the dynamics of the light solutes (including metabolic waste products) through the porous fibers membrane. The model we illustrate here completes the one formulated in a previous paper in which solutes concentrations in the dialyzate were neglected. Exploiting the large difference between the characteristic time of the processes in the machine and the relaxation time to equilibrium in the body, we confine our study to the case of constant input data in order to emphasize the role of the solute transport mechanisms. Numerical solutions show that diffusion is dominant at the early stage of filtration.
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Cavoretto P, Candiani M, Giorgione V, Inversetti A, Abu-Saba MM, Tiberio F, Sigismondi C, Farina A. Risk of spontaneous preterm birth in singleton pregnancies conceived after IVF/ICSI treatment: meta-analysis of cohort studies. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2018; 51:43-53. [PMID: 29114987 DOI: 10.1002/uog.18930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Preterm birth (PTB) is more common in pregnancies conceived by in-vitro fertilization (IVF) as compared with those conceived naturally. However, the extent to which this is attributed to spontaneous labor or to iatrogenic indications has not been determined. The aim of this study was to quantify the risk of spontaneous PTB (sPTB) in singleton pregnancies resulting from IVF or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment as compared with that in spontaneously conceived pregnancies. METHODS An electronic search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science to September 2017 and manual search of reference lists identified articles comparing the risk of sPTB in IVF/ICSI vs spontaneously conceived singleton pregnancies. Inclusion criteria were singleton conception with IVF/ICSI, PTB defined as delivery before 37 weeks' gestation and cohort design with clear distinction between spontaneous and indicated PTB. The primary outcome was sPTB < 37 weeks. Relevant secondary outcomes were also analyzed, including sPTB < 34 and < 32 weeks, preterm prelabor rupture of membranes, stillbirth, perinatal mortality, neonatal sepsis, respiratory distress syndrome and gastrointestinal morbidity. A meta-analysis provided the estimation of risk of sPTB in IVF/ICSI pregnancies. RESULTS In total, 674 records were identified from the search, of which 15 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. A pooled crude analysis of the primary outcome generated a total sample size of 61 677 births, including 8044 singletons conceived after IVF/ICSI and 53 633 conceived spontaneously. A pooled crude data analysis showed a significant increase in the incidence of sPTB < 37 weeks in singleton IVF/ICSI pregnancies compared with those conceived spontaneously (810/8044 (10.1%) vs 2932/53 633 (5.5%); odds ratio (OR), 1.75; 95% CI, 1.50-2.03; I2 = 39%). A subgroup analysis of studies matching for maternal age and parity confirmed the finding (OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.30-2.05; I2 = 33%). A pooled crude analysis of secondary outcomes showed a significant increase in the incidence of sPTB < 34 weeks in pregnancies conceived after IVF/ICSI compared with those conceived spontaneously (37/1012 (3.6%) vs 24/1107 (2.2%); OR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.03-3.08; I2 = 6%) and did not show any significant difference for any of the other secondary outcomes analyzed. The quality of evidence, rated using the GRADE criteria, was low for the outcome sPTB < 37 weeks and very low for sPTB < 34 weeks. CONCLUSIONS The risk of sPTB in singleton pregnancies resulting from IVF/ICSI is significantly greater than that in spontaneously conceived singletons. These findings should be interpreted with caution given the low quality of the available evidence. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Prefumo F, Farina A. First-trimester screening for pre-eclampsia: time for reflection. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2017; 50:662-663. [PMID: 28850746 DOI: 10.1002/uog.18893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
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Di Stefano R, Nuti M, Farina A, Meini S, Melillo E. P6071Behind guidelines: long term survival of critical limb ischemia patients treated with iloprost. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx493.p6071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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M-Rabet M, Cabaud O, Josselin E, Finetti P, Castellano R, Farina A, Agavnian-Couquiaud E, Saviane G, Collette Y, Viens P, Gonçalves A, Ginestier C, Charafe-Jauffret E, Birnbaum D, Olive D, Bertucci F, Lopez M. Nectin-4: a new prognostic biomarker for efficient therapeutic targeting of primary and metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. Ann Oncol 2017; 28:769-776. [PMID: 27998973 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are associated with a poor prognosis. In contrast to other molecular subtypes, they have no identified specific target and chemotherapy remains the only available systemic treatment. The adhesion molecule nectin-4 represents a new potential therapeutic target in different cancer models. Here, we have tested the prognostic value of nectin-4 expression and assessed the therapeutic efficiency of an anti-nectin 4 antibody drug conjugate (ADC) on localised and metastatic TNBC in vitro and in vivo. Materials and methods We analysed nectin-4/PVRL4 mRNA expression in 5673 invasive breast cancers and searched for correlations with clinicopathological features including metastasis-free survival (MFS). Immunohistochemistry was carried out in 61 TNBCs and in samples of primary TNBC Patient-Derived Xenografts (PDXs). An anti-nectin-4 antibody eligible for ADC was produced and tested in vitro and in vivo in localised and metastatic TNBC PDXs. Results High nectin-4/PVRL4 mRNA expression was associated with poor-prognosis features including the TN and basal subtypes. High PVRL4 mRNA expression showed independent negative prognostic value for MFS in multivariate analysis in TNBCs. Nectin-4 protein expression was not detected in adult healthy tissues including mammary tissue. Membranous protein expression was found in 62% of TNBCs, with strong correlation with mRNA expression. We developed an ADC (N41mab-vcMMAE) comprising a human anti-nectin-4 monoclonal antibody conjugated to monomethyl auristatin-E (MMAE). In vitro, this ADC bound to nectin-4 with high affinity and specificity and induced its internalisation as well as dose-dependent cytotoxicity on nectin-4-expressing breast cancer cell lines. In vivo, this ADC induced rapid, complete and durable responses on nectin-4-positive xenograft TNBC samples including primary tumours, metastatic lesions, and local relapses; efficiency was dependent on both the dose and the nectin-4 tumour expression level. Conclusion Nectin-4 is both a new promising prognostic biomarker and specific therapeutic target for ADC in the very limited armamentarium against TNBC.
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Zerbinati N, D'Este E, Farina A, Rauso R, Cherubino M, Calligaro A. Morphological evidences following pegylated filler treatment in human skin. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2017; 31:79-85. [PMID: 28702967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, microscopic, histochemical and ultrastructural observations in human skin are presented, 8 months after an injection of a novel PEGylated filler. Morphological features demonstrated an excellent integration of the filler with the connective tissue components and an effective interpenetration with the ground substance. The filler appears uniformly distributed inside the hypodermis. No segregation or encapsulation of cells and other structures was observed nor evidence of immunological adverse reaction. Furthermore, observed ultrastructural modifications of fibroblasts supports a stimulatory effect of molecular components production of the extracellular matrix, contributing to the cutaneous connective tissue renewal.
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