26
|
Jain M, Mishra A, Shyam H, Yadav V, Ramakant P, Mishra S, Kumar S. 287P Long-term yoga enhances the quality of life and symptomatic scale in breast cancer patients undergoing treatment. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.10.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
|
27
|
Chavda J, Yadav S, Mishra A, Sharma D, Silodia A, Sharma D, Khandare M. Validation Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy Study in post NACT cN0 Axilla using low-cost dual dye technique: Potential Solution for Resource Poor Settings. Eur J Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(22)01397-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
28
|
Mishra A, Jain M, Kumar S. 307P Differential expression profiling of transcripts in stage IIIA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) of smokers and non-smokers cases of north India: A geneto-environmental study. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.10.336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
|
29
|
Jain M, Mishra A, Yadav V, Shyam H, Kumar S, Ramakant P, Mishra S. Long-term yogic intervention improves the level of TNF-α, IFN-γ, MDA, and NO in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy: A randomized control study. Eur J Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(22)01444-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
30
|
Mishra A, Mishra A, Shrivastava A. GC-MS based untargeted approach reveals metabolic perturbation in Tamoxifen resistant breast cancer cells. Eur J Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(22)01554-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
31
|
Mishra A, Gupta SK. Functional Transnasal Endoscopic Conjunctivorhinostomy. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2022; 74:1420-1424. [PMID: 36452683 PMCID: PMC9702257 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-021-02555-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The various surgical options for lacrimal tract reconstruction include canaliculodacryocystorhinostomy; fundal transposition; Conjunctivodacrocystorhinostomy with Jones tube; and in extreme cases conjunctivo-rhinostomy (CR) for total lacrimal bypass. The first three require partial lacrimal tract presence/ integrity while CR is indicated when the canaliculi and/or sac are nonfunctional. This report describes a novel technique of minimally invasive CR through a predominantly endoscopic endonasal approach and further discusses its advantages over other established techniques.
Collapse
|
32
|
Mishra A. Single Stage Conservative Surgery to Avoid Recurrence in Combined Laryngocele: Important Modifications. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2022; 74:2014-2018. [PMID: 36452588 PMCID: PMC9701937 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-020-01955-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Laryngocele is very uncommon and no consensus regarding its surgical management is yet established. While traditional external approach is still being recommended some suggest a better microlaryngoscopic management assisted by CO2 laser that has gained popularity. Recurrence is better known with conservative surgery but this paper presents a modified single stage endolaryngeal technique for combined laryngoceles to overcome the same. The salient features are (1) A comparatively larger operculum is created and all the visible mucosa is excised; (2) the base of residual postoperative cavity is moistened with cotton soaked with concentrated carbolic acid for 1 min and (3) the residual 'charred' base with intermittent oozing is packed with single layer of surgicel. The reader is further encouraged to see surgical video of entire procedure.
Collapse
|
33
|
Krishna A, Mishra SK, Mishra A, Kumar S, Rao RN, Yadav S, Mayilvaganan S, Chand G, Agarwal G, Agarwal A. Feasibility and impact of a one-stop thyroid clinic in a low- and middle-income country. S AFR J SURG 2022; 60:189-194. [PMID: 36155374 DOI: 10.17159/2078-5151/sajs3633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study was done to evaluate the feasibility, safety and outcomes of a one-stop thyroid clinic (OSTC) in a low- and middle-income country (LMIC) setting. METHODS This was a prospective non-randomised case control study consisting of patients with thyroid nodules evaluated and managed at a tertiary referral centre in an LMIC between February 2019 and January 2020. Patients were divided into two groups based on the kind of preoperative evaluation protocol: OSTC group (n = 118) - OSTC protocol, and control group (CG, n = 108) - routine protocol. RESULTS Baseline clinical characteristics of the two groups including median age (p = 0.13) and gender distribution (p = 0.76) were comparable. The majority of patients in both groups belonged to a low-income group (46.6% vs 47.3%; p = 0.91), followed by a middle-income group (35.6% vs 30.5%; p = 0.41). The median number of outpatient department visits (1 vs 3 days; p = < 0.001), waiting time for neck ultrasonography (1 vs 3 days; p = < 0.0001), fine needle aspiration cytology (1 vs 2 days; p = < 0.0001), and out of pocket expenditure (INR 3 965 vs 6 624; p = < 0.001) was significantly less in the OSTC group compared to the CG. Patients in the OSTC group reported better satisfaction levels (p = < 0.0001). Accuracy of diagnosis did not differ between the two groups (p = 0.14). CONCLUSION OSTC practice is feasible, provides comparative clinical outcomes and seems cost effective in an LMIC. This protocol can be adopted as a routine practice in any health system.
Collapse
|
34
|
Singh P, Sharma C, Sharma B, Mishra A, Agarwal D, Kannan D, Held J, Singh S, Awasthi SK. N-sulfonylpiperidinedispiro-1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes exhibit potent in vitro antiplasmodial activity and in vivo efficacy in mice infected with P. berghei ANKA. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 244:114774. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
35
|
Banerjee B, Kamale C, Suryawanshi A, Mishra A, Gupta R, Noronha S, Bhaumik P. Structural and biochemical studies on a GH5 cellulase from Aspergillus oryzae with β-glucosidase activity. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION A FOUNDATIONS AND ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273322093482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
|
36
|
Neumann-Spallart M, Singh P, Paušová Š, Mishra A, Bhagat D, Krýsová H, Mukhopadhyay I, Krýsa J. p-CuO films and photoelectrochemical corrosion. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
37
|
Lal R, Chanotiya C, Gupta P, Mishra A. Influences of traits associations for essential oil yield stability in multi-environment trials of vetiver (Chrysopogon zizanioides L. Roberty). BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2022.104448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
38
|
Ghosh S, Kumar M, Santiana M, Mishra A, Zhang M, Labayo H, Chibly AM, Nakamura H, Tanaka T, Henderson W, Lewis E, Voss O, Su Y, Belkaid Y, Chiorini JA, Hoffman MP, Altan-Bonnet N. Enteric viruses replicate in salivary glands and infect through saliva. Nature 2022; 607:345-350. [PMID: 35768512 PMCID: PMC9243862 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04895-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Enteric viruses like norovirus, rotavirus and astrovirus have long been accepted as spreading in the population through fecal-oral transmission: viruses are shed into feces from one host and enter the oral cavity of another, bypassing salivary glands (SGs) and reaching the intestines to replicate, be shed in feces and repeat the transmission cycle1. Yet there are viruses (for example, rabies) that infect the SGs2,3, making the oral cavity one site of replication and saliva one conduit of transmission. Here we report that enteric viruses productively and persistently infect SGs, reaching titres comparable to those in the intestines. We demonstrate that enteric viruses get released into the saliva, identifying a second route of viral transmission. This is particularly significant for infected infants, whose saliva directly transmits enteric viruses to their mothers' mammary glands through backflow during suckling. This sidesteps the conventional gut-mammary axis route4 and leads to a rapid surge in maternal milk secretory IgA antibodies5,6. Lastly, we show that SG-derived spheroids7 and cell lines8 can replicate and propagate enteric viruses, generating a scalable and manageable system of production. Collectively, our research uncovers a new transmission route for enteric viruses with implications for therapeutics, diagnostics and importantly sanitation measures to prevent spread through saliva.
Collapse
|
39
|
gv A, Choubey A, Nanda S, Mukherji A, Pradhan S, Kapoor A, Mishra A, S D, Devalla A. PO-1101 Early NGT insertion prevents weight loss & treatment breaks in post-op CTRT and QoL assessment. Radiother Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(22)03065-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
40
|
Mishra A, Pant A. W262 Proportion of different ABO and Rh phenotypes in voluntary blood donors at Tribhuvan university teaching hospital blood bank. Clin Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.04.504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
41
|
Mishra A, Yadav B, Budhathoki U, Pokhrel R, Sharma V, Tuladhar E, Bhattarai A, Raut M. M128 Use of six-sigma for quality control for biochemistry parameters. Clin Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.04.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
42
|
Dubey P, Gupta R, Mishra A, Kumar V, Bhadauria S, Bhatt MLB. Evaluation of correlation between CD44, radiotherapy response, and survival rate in patients with advanced stage of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Cancer Med 2022; 11:1937-1947. [PMID: 35274800 PMCID: PMC9089225 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Cancer stem cells (CSCs) constitute a distinctive subpopulation of cancer cells that are competent in tumor initiation, invasion, recurrence, and resistance to chemoradiotherapy. CD44, a hyaluronic acid (HA) receptor has been considered as a potential CSC marker in head and neck cancer. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the correlation between CD44 and clinicopathological parameters, treatment response, survival, and recurrence. Methods The CD44 expression was examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 90 samples of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) confirmed patients. The expression of CD44 and its association with clinicopathological parameters, treatment response, and survival was determined. Results In all HNSCC patient samples, CD44 was expressed consistently at different intensities. Tumor size (p < 0.001), stage (p < 0.001), and treatment response (p < 0.001) showed statistically significant association with CD44 expression. Alcohol and CD44 were observed as independent predictors of response to radiotherapy using multivariate ordinal logistic regression analysis. Analysis of 2‐year overall survival (OS) showed that CD44 expression (p = 0.02), tumor size (p = 0.001), lymph node status (p < 0.001), stage (p < 0.001), and grade (p = 0.007) were significantly associated with OS. Using Cox regression analysis, lymph node status (p = 0.001), grade (p < 0.001), recurrence (p < 0.001), and CD44 expression (p = 0.003) were found to be potential independent predictors of OS. Conclusion Our findings suggest that CD44 contributes to resistance to radiotherapy and poor OS. The results also suggest that except for CD44 there could be other factors such as lymph node metastasis, grade, and alcohol which should be investigated as potential targets for therapy.
Collapse
|
43
|
Dubey P, Kumar N, Gupta R, Mishra A, Bhadauriya S, Kumar V, Bhatt MB. Association of ALDH1 with Response to Radiotherapy and Its Impact on Survival in Patients with Advanced Stage of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC). Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2022; 23:419-427. [PMID: 35225452 PMCID: PMC9272610 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2022.23.2.419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The presence of cancer stem-like cells within tumor microenvironment distinctly governs response to chemo-radiotherapy. The ALDH1 (Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1) has emerged as a cancer stem cell (CSC) marker in various tumors. The aim of the study was to examine the expression of ALDH1 in HNSCC patients undergoing radiotherapy to evaluate its correlation with clinicopathological parameter, treatment response and survival. Methods: Expression of ALDH1 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 90 histopathologically confirmed HNSCC patients and 90 matched controls. The association between ALDH1 expression, clinicopathological parameters and treatment response was determined. Results: The immunohistochemistry results showed that ALDH1 was consistently expressed in all the HNSCC specimens although at different intensities. On the other hand, control specimens did not show similar expression of ALDH1. ALDH1 expression demonstrated statistically significant association with tumor size (p<0.001), lymph node status (p<0.001), stage (p<0.001), grade (p<0.001) and treatment response (p<0.001). Multivariate ordinal logistic regression analysis indicated alcohol and ALDH1 as an independent predictor of responsiveness to radiotherapy in HNSCC patients. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that lymph node status (p=0.020), grade (p=0.006) and recurrence (p=0.002) were potential independent predictors of overall survival. Conclusion: From previous studies, ALDH1 has been contemplated not only as a promising prognostic and diagnostic marker but also as a likely drug target. Our study gives new understanding regarding the association between ALDH1, cancer prognosis and radioresistance. Our findings suggest that ALDH1, lymph node status, grade and alcohol could be the viable targets for HNSCC and it also provides new prospects for radiotherapy sensitivity in HNSCC.
Collapse
|
44
|
De A, Mishra A, Khatua DK, Dwij V, Sathe V, Jena S, Ranjan R. Optical temperature sensing by tuning photoluminescence in a wide (visible to near infrared) wavelength range in a Eu 3+-doped Bi-based relaxor ferroelectric. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:489-492. [PMID: 35103662 DOI: 10.1364/ol.441377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The prevalent material design principles for optical thermometry primarily rely on thermally driven changes in the relative intensities of the thermally coupled levels (TCLs) of rare-earth-doped phosphor materials, where the maximum achievable sensitivity is limited by the energy gap between the TCLs. In this work, a new, to the best of our knowledge, approach to thermometric material design is proposed, which is based on temperature tuning of PL emission from the visible to the NIR region. We demonstrate a model ferroelectric phosphor, Eu3+-doped 0.94(Na1/2Bi1/2TiO3)-0.06(BaTiO3) (NBT-6BT), which, by virtue of the contrasting effects of temperature on PL signals from the host and Eu3+ intraband transitions, can achieve a relative thermal sensitivity as high as 3.05% K-1. This model system provides a promising alternative route for developing self-referencing optical thermometers with high thermal sensitivity and good signal discriminability.
Collapse
|
45
|
Webb MM, Bridges P, Aruparayil N, Chugh C, Beacon T, Singh T, Sawhney SS, Bains L, Hall R, Jayne D, Gnanaraj J, Mishra A, Culmer PR. The RAIS Device for Global Surgery: Using a Participatory Design Approach to Navigate the Translational Pathway to Clinical Use. IEEE JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL ENGINEERING IN HEALTH AND MEDICINE 2022; 10:3700212. [PMID: 35865752 PMCID: PMC9292337 DOI: 10.1109/jtehm.2022.3177313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Over 5 billion people worldwide have no access to surgery worldwide, typically in low-resource settings, despite it being a primary life-saving treatment. Gas Insufflation-Less Laparoscopic Surgery (GILLS) can address this inequity, by improving current GILLS instrumentation to modern surgical standards. Objective: to develop and translate a new Retractor for Abdominal Insufflation-less Surgery (RAIS) into clinical use and thus provide a context-appropriate system to advance GILLS surgery. Methods: A collaborative multidisciplinary team from the UK and India was formed, embedding local clinical stakeholders and an industry partner in defining user and contextual needs. System development was based on a phased roadmap for ‘surgical device design in low resource settings’ and embedded participatory and frugal design principles in an iterative process supported by traditional medical device design methodologies. Each phase of development was evaluated by the stakeholder team through interactive workshops using cadaveric surgical simulations. A Commercialisation phase undertook Design to Manufacture and regulatory approval activities. Clinical validation was then conducted with rural surgeons performing GILLS procedures using the RAIS system. Semi-structured questionnaires and interviews were used to evaluate device performance. Results: A set of user needs and contextual requirements were defined and formalised. System development occurred across five iterations. Stakeholder participation was instrumental in converging on a design which met user requirements. A commercial RAIS system was then produced by an industry partner under Indian regulatory approval. This was successfully used in clinical validation to conduct 12 surgical procedures at two locations in rural India. Surgical feedback showed that the RAIS system provided a valuable and usable surgical instrument which was appropriate for use in low-resource contexts. Conclusions: Using a context-specific development approach with close engagement of stakeholders was crucial to develop the RAIS system for low-resource regions. The outcome is translation from global health need into a fully realized commercial instrument which can be used by surgeons in low-resource regions across India.
Collapse
|
46
|
Mishra A, Gondhali U, Mishra S, Choudhary S. Assessment of Genetic Polymorphisms in the Rewa Population of Central India Using Y-Chromosomal STR Markers. Sovrem Tekhnologii Med 2021; 13:43-55. [PMID: 35265358 PMCID: PMC8858401 DOI: 10.17691/stm2021.13.6.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
47
|
Dewangan D, Vaishnav Y, Mishra A, Jha AK, Verma S, Badwaik H. Synthesis, molecular docking, and biological evaluation of Schiff base hybrids of 1,2,4-triazole-pyridine as dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2021; 2:100024. [PMID: 34909659 PMCID: PMC8663949 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2021.100024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study novel derivatives of 1,2,4-triazole pyridine coupled with Schiff base were obtained in altered aromatic aldehyde and 4-((5-(pyridin-3-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ylthio)methyl)benzenamine reactions. Thin layer chromatography and melting point determination were employed to verify the purity of hybrid derivatives. The structures of the hybrid derivatives were interpreted using methods comprising infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectroscopy. The in vitro anti-microbial properties and minimum inhibitory concentration were determined with Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Among the derivatives produced, two derivatives comprising (Z)-2-((4-((5-(pyridine-3-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ylthio)methyl)phenylimino)methyl)phenoland (Z)-2-methoxy-5-((4-((5-(pyridine-3-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3- ylthio)methyl)phenylimino)methyl)phenol obtained promising results as antibacterial agents. After synthesizing different derivatives, docking studies were performed and the scores range from −10.3154 to −12.962 kcal/mol. Synthesis and evaluation of Schiff Base Hybrids of 1, 2, 4-Triazole-Pyridine as DHFR Inhibitors. Schiff Base Hybrids shown promising antibacterial results. Docking studies reveals a good binding affinity in range of -10.3154 to -12.962 kcal/mol with DHFR.
Collapse
|
48
|
Extermann M, Walko C, Mishra A, Thomas K, Cao B, Chon H, Critea M, Berglund A, Chem J, Cubitt C, Gomes A, Hoffman M, Kim J, Marchion D, Petersson F, Sansil S, Sehovic M, Shahzad M, Welsh E, Zhang Y. Worsening of ovarian cancer prognosis with age: an exploration of pharmacokinetics, body composition, and biology. J Geriatr Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1879-4068(21)00338-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
49
|
Abstract
Almost all bio-statisticians and medical researchers believe that a large sample is always helpful in providing more reliable results. Whereas this is true for some specific cases, a large sample may not be helpful in more situations than we contemplate because of the higher possibility of errors and reduced validity. Many medical breakthroughs have occurred with self-experimentation and single experiments. Studies, particularly analytical studies, may provide more truthful results with a small sample because intensive efforts can be made to control all the confounders, wherever they operate, and sophisticated equipment can be used to obtain more accurate data. A large sample may be required only for the studies with highly variable outcomes, where an estimate of the effect size with high precision is required, or when the effect size to be detected is small. This communication underscores the importance of small samples in reaching a valid conclusion in certain situations and describes the situations where a large sample is not only unnecessary but may even compromise the validity by not being able to exercise full care in the assessments. What sample size is small depends on the context.
Collapse
|
50
|
Simard A, Taher N, Mishra A, Beauchemin K, Vasylieva N, Morisseau C, Madden D. 421: Nanobody-mediated inhibition of CFTR inhibitory factor: A tale of 2 mechanisms. J Cyst Fibros 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(21)01845-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|