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Budowle B, Adamowicz M, Aranda XG, Barna C, Chakraborty R, Cheswick D, Dafoe B, Eisenberg A, Frappier R, Gross AM, Ladd C, Lee HS, Milne SC, Meyers C, Prinz M, Richard ML, Saldanha G, Tierney AA, Viculis L, Krenke BE. Twelve short tandem repeat loci Y chromosome haplotypes: Genetic analysis on populations residing in North America. Forensic Sci Int 2005; 150:1-15. [PMID: 15837004 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2004] [Revised: 01/18/2005] [Accepted: 01/21/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A total of 2443 male individuals, previously typed for the 13 CODIS STR loci, distributed across the five North American population groups African American, Asian, Caucasian, Hispanic, and Native American were typed for the Y-STR loci DYS19, DYS385a/b, DYS389I/II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS437, DYS438 and DYS439 using the PowerPlex Y System. All population samples were highly polymorphic for the 12 Y-STR loci with the marker DYS385a/b being the most polymorphic across all sample populations. The Native American population groups demonstrated the lowest genetic diversity, most notably at the DYS393 and DYS437 loci. Almost all of the 12-locus haplotypes observed in the sample populations were represented only once in the database. Haplotype diversities were greater than 99.6% for the African Americans, Caucasians, Hispanics, and Asians. The Native Americans had the lowest haplotype diversities (Apaches, 97.0%; Navajo, 98.1%). Population substructure effects were greater for Y-haplotypes, compared with that for the autosomal loci. For the apportionment of variance for the 12 Y-STRs, the within sample population variation was the largest component (>98% for each major population group and approximately 97% in Native Americans), and the variance component contributed by the major population groups was less than the individual component, but much greater than among sample populations within a major group (11.79% versus 1.02% for African Americans/Caucasians/Hispanics and 15.35% versus 1.25% for all five major populations). When each major population is analyzed individually, the R(ST) values were low but showed significant among group heterogeneity. In 692 confirmed father-son pairs, 14 mutation events were observed with the average rate of 1.57x10(-3)/locus/generation (a 95% confidence bound of 0.83x10(-3) to 2.69x10(-3)). Since the Y-STR loci reside on the non-recombining region of the Y chromosome, the counting method is one approach suggested for conveying an estimate of the rarity of the Y-haplotype. Because the Y-STR loci are not all in disequilibrium to the same extent, the counting method is a very conservative approach. The data also support that autosomal STR frequencies can be multiplied by the upper bound frequency estimate of a Y-haplotype in the individual population group or those pooled into major population groups (i.e., Caucasian, African American, Hispanic, and Asian). These analyses support use of the haplotype population data for estimating Y-STR profile frequencies for populations residing in North America.
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Chelushkin PS, Lysenko EA, Bronich TK, Eisenberg A, Kabanov AV, Kabanov VA. Interpolyelectrolyte Complexes with a Micellar Structure. DOKLADY PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 2004. [DOI: 10.1023/b:dopc.0000021256.08267.cf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Riegel IC, de Bittencourt FM, Terrau O, Eisenberg A, Petzhold CL, Samios D. Dynamics and structure of an amphiphilic triblock copolymer of styrene and 5-(N,N-diethylamino) isoprene in selective solvents. PURE APPL CHEM 2004. [DOI: 10.1351/pac200476010123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Solution properties of a highly asymmetric aminofunctionalized triblock copolymer of 5-(N,N-diethylamino)isoprene and styrene were investigated in dilute regime. Toluene, THF, 1,4-dioxane, or DMF were used to prepare the solutions. It was found that the solvent selectivity for one or both block affects the copolymer solution behavior as reflected by the calculated parameters through light-scattering techniques: weight-averaged, molecular-weight, radius of gyration, translational diffusion coefficient, and hydrodynamic radius. According to what was determined, the quality of the polymer-solvent interactions decreases in the order: toluene, THF, 1,4-dioxane, and DMF. After quaternization with dimethyl sulfate, the triblock copolymer consisted of a polystyrene (PS) block with short poly[5-(N,N,N-diethylmethylammonium)isoprene][methyl sulfate] block at both chain ends, shows a better solvation in polar solvents. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to characterize the crew-cut aggregates prepared from the quaternized copolymer.
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Tannenbaum R, Rajagopalan M, Eisenberg A. Fourier transform infrared studies of ionic interactions in perfluorinated acid copolymer blends. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.10557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Lessard DG, Ousalem M, Zhu XX, Eisenberg A, Carreau PJ. Study of the phase transition of poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) in water by rheology and dynamic light scattering. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.10517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Rajagopalan M, Natansohn A, Eisenberg A, Tannenbaum R. Miscibility behavior and coil overlap in ionic blends of phenylated polytriphenylene oxide and poly(methyl methacrylate). J Appl Polym Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/app.12197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Eisenberg A, Rembaum A. The occurrence of chain transfer in the anionic polymerization of 9-vinylanthracene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.1964.110020201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Choucair A, Eisenberg A. Control of amphiphilic block copolymer morphologies using solution conditions. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2003; 10:37-44. [PMID: 15011077 DOI: 10.1140/epje/e2003-00002-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that the morphology of block copolymer aggregates depends on polymer properties such as the molecular weight, the relative block length, and the chemical nature of the repeat unit. Recently, we have shown that if aggregates are allowed to self-assemble in solution, then in addition to the above factors, a high degree of control over the aggregate architecture can be achieved by adjusting the solution conditions. Factors such as the water content in the solvent mixture, the solvent nature and composition, the presence of additives (ions, surfactants, and homopolymer) and the polymer concentration were successfully employed to control the aggregate shape and size. In this paper, we review a series of studies performed in our group to show how solution properties can control the architecture of aggregates prepared from a given copolymer. The control mechanism is explained in terms of the effect of each property on the forces that govern the formation of any given morphology, namely the core-chain stretching, corona-chain repulsion and interfacial tension.
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Eisenberg A, King M, Navratil M. Secondary Relaxation Behavior in Ion-Containing Polymers. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma60035a017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Cayrol B, Eisenberg A, Harrod JF, Rocaniere P. Viscoelastic Properties of Poly(phenylene ethers). II. 2-Methyl-6-alkyl-Substituted Polymers. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma60030a003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wollmann D, Williams CE, Eisenberg A. Aggregate modification via plasticization of ionomers-dynamic mechanical and morphological studies. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma00051a009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zhu J, Eisenberg A, Lennox RB. Interfacial behavior of block polyelectrolytes. 6. Properties of surface micelles as a function of R and X in P(S260-b-VP240/RX). Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma00050a026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bosse F, Eisenberg A. Kinetics of Coil Overlap in Ionomer Blends by 1H NMR in DMSO-d6. 1. Effect of Electrolytes, Water, Molecular Weight, Ion Content, and Temperature. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma00088a027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Eisenberg A, Hird B, Moore RB. A new multiplet-cluster model for the morphology of random ionomers. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma00220a012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 749] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bosse F, Schreiber HP, Eisenberg A. Specific adsorption of some styrene/vinylpyridine diblocks from selective solvents onto solid substrates - an NMR study. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma00076a022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hird B, Eisenberg A. Sizes and stabilities of multiplets and clusters in carboxylated and sulfonated styrene ionomers. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma00050a013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Rigdahl M, Reinhardt BA, Harris FW, Eisenberg A. Viscoelastic properties of aromatic ionomers. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma50004a073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zhu J, Eisenberg A, Lennox RB. Interfacial behavior of block polyelectrolytes. 5. Effect of varying block lengths on the properties of surface micelles. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma00050a025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Smith P, Eisenberg A. Infrared spectroscopic study of blends of poly(styrene-co-styrenesulfonic acid) with poly(styrene-co-(4-vinylpyridine)). Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma00080a032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Jiang M, Gronowski AA, Yeager HL, Wu G, Kim JS, Eisenberg A. Structures and Properties of Hydrocarbon Ionomer Membranes. 2. Polystyrene-Based Cation Exchangers. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma00100a045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Eisenberg A, Navratil M. Ion Clustering and Viscoelastic Relaxation in Styrene-Based Ionomers. II. Effect of Ion Concentration. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma60034a027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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