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Patil VS, Nandre KP, Ghosh S, Rao VJ, Chopade BA, Sridhar B, Bhosale SV, Bhosale SV. Synthesis, crystal structure and antidiabetic activity of substituted (E)-3-(Benzo [d]thiazol-2-ylamino) phenylprop-2-en-1-one. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 59:304-9. [PMID: 23262035 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of substituted (E)-3-(Benzo [d]thiazol-2-ylamino)phenylprop-2-en-1-onewere synthesized starting from 2-aminobenzothiazole and 1-aryl-3,3-bis- (methylsulfanyl)-2-propen-1-onesin the presence of a catalytic amount of sodium hydride in THF. The synthesised compounds' structures were confirmed by IR, Mass spectrometry, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR and HRMS spectral data. These compounds were evaluated for their antidiabetic activity, and most of the derivatives of (E)-3-(Benzo [d]thiazol-2-ylamino)phenylprop-2-en-1-one displayed significant antidiabetic activity.
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Patil VS, Nandre KP, Ghosh S, Rao VJ, Chopade BA, Bhosale SV, Bhosale SV. Synthesis and glycosidase inhibitory activity of novel (2-phenyl-4H-benzopyrimedo[2,1-b]-thiazol-4-yliden)acetonitrile derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:7011-4. [PMID: 23102653 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of (2-phenyl-4H-benzopyrimodo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazol-4-yliden-4-yliden)acetonitrile derivatives have been prepared by ring transformation reaction of 4-(methylthio)-2-oxo-6-aryl-2H-pyrane-3-carbonitriles. The yield of ring transformation product is moderate to good. Furthermore the glycosidase inhibitory activities were tested by using α-amylase and α-glucosidase pancreatic, intestinal and liver enzymes, responsible for hyperglycemia in type II diabetes. The results revealed that all compounds exhibit significant glycosidase inhibitory activity.
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Yele AB, Thawal ND, Sahu PK, Chopade BA. Novel lytic bacteriophage AB7-IBB1 of Acinetobacter baumannii: isolation, characterization and its effect on biofilm. Arch Virol 2012; 157:1441-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-012-1320-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Ghosh S, Patil S, Ahire M, Kitture R, Gurav DD, Jabgunde AM, Kale S, Pardesi K, Shinde V, Bellare J, Dhavale DD, Chopade BA. Gnidia glauca flower extract mediated synthesis of gold nanoparticles and evaluation of its chemocatalytic potential. J Nanobiotechnology 2012; 10:17. [PMID: 22548753 PMCID: PMC3462129 DOI: 10.1186/1477-3155-10-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Novel approaches for synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are of utmost importance owing to its immense applications in diverse fields including catalysis, optics, medical diagnostics and therapeutics. We report on synthesis of AuNPs using Gnidia glauca flower extract (GGFE), its detailed characterization and evaluation of its chemocatalytic potential. Results Synthesis of AuNPs using GGFE was monitored by UV-Vis spectroscopy and was found to be rapid that completed within 20 min. The concentration of chloroauric acid and temperature was optimized to be 0.7 mM and 50°C respectively. Bioreduced nanoparticles varied in morphology from nanotriangles to nanohexagons majority being spherical. AuNPs were characterized employing transmission electron microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy. Confirmation of elemental gold was carried out by elemental mapping in scanning transmission electron microscopic mode, energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction studies. Spherical particles of size ~10 nm were found in majority. However, particles of larger dimensions were in range between 50-150 nm. The bioreduced AuNPs exhibited remarkable catalytic properties in a reduction reaction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol by NaBH4 in aqueous phase. Conclusion The elaborate experimental evidences support that GGFE can provide an environmentally benign rapid route for synthesis of AuNPs that can be applied for various purposes. Biogenic AuNPs synthesized using GGFE exhibited excellent chemocatalytic potential.
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Thawal ND, Yele AB, Sahu PK, Chopade BA. Effect of a novel podophage AB7-IBB2 on Acinetobacter baumannii biofilm. Curr Microbiol 2012; 65:66-72. [PMID: 22535475 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-012-0127-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm formation in Acinetobacter baumannii is a common cause of nosocomial infections in humans. Clinical devices and abiotic surfaces are important sites of colonization leading to formation of biofilms. Such infections are often resistant to multiple antibiotic therapies, and hence there is need for an effective mode of control. Herein, we describe the isolation, characterization of a new lytic bacteriophage of A. baumannii and its effect on biofilm. The phage AB7-IBB2, with a genome size of about 170 kb was identified to be of family Podoviridae as revealed by transmission electron microscopy. It had an isometric head (35 nm) and a short tail (7 nm). It lysed 19/39 (49 %) clinical isolates of A. baumannii. Rapid adsorption (>99 % adsorbed in 4 min), a latency period of 25 min and a burst size 22 PFU/infected cell was observed. The phage could inhibit A. baumannii biofilm formation and disrupt preformed biofilm as well. The phage has promising potential to be considered as a candidate biocontrol agent for A. baumannii infections.
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Sahu PK, Iyer PS, Oak AM, Pardesi KR, Chopade BA. Characterization of eDNA from the clinical strain Acinetobacter baumannii AIIMS 7 and its role in biofilm formation. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:973436. [PMID: 22593716 PMCID: PMC3346689 DOI: 10.1100/2012/973436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Release of extracellular DNA (eDNA) was observed during in vitro growth of a clinical strain of Acinetobacter baumannii. Membrane vesicles (MV) of varying diameter (20–200 nm) containing DNA were found to be released by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). An assessment of the characteristics of the eDNA with respect to size, digestion pattern by DNase I/restriction enzymes, and PCR-sequencing, indicates a high similarity with genomic DNA. Role of eDNA in static biofilm formed on polystyrene surface was evaluated by biofilm augmentation assay using eDNA available in different preparations, for example, whole cell lysate, cell-free supernatant, MV suspension, and purified eDNA. Biofilm augmentation was seen up to 224.64%, whereas biofilm inhibition was 59.41% after DNase I treatment: confirming that eDNA facilitates biofilm formation in A. baumannii. This is the first paper elucidating the characteristics and role of eDNA in A. baumannii biofilm, which may provide new insights into its pathogenesis.
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Ghosh S, Patil S, Ahire M, Kitture R, Kale S, Pardesi K, Cameotra SS, Bellare J, Dhavale DD, Jabgunde A, Chopade BA. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Dioscorea bulbifera tuber extract and evaluation of its synergistic potential in combination with antimicrobial agents. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:483-96. [PMID: 22334779 PMCID: PMC3273981 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s24793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development of an environmentally benign process for the synthesis of silver nanomaterials is an important aspect of current nanotechnology research. Among the 600 species of the genus Dioscorea, Dioscorea bulbifera has profound therapeutic applications due to its unique phytochemistry. In this paper, we report on the rapid synthesis of silver nanoparticles by reduction of aqueous Ag(+) ions using D. bulbifera tuber extract. METHODS AND RESULTS Phytochemical analysis revealed that D. bulbifera tuber extract is rich in flavonoid, phenolics, reducing sugars, starch, diosgenin, ascorbic acid, and citric acid. The biosynthesis process was quite fast, and silver nanoparticles were formed within 5 hours. Ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction confirmed reduction of the Ag(+) ions. Varied morphology of the bioreduced silver nanoparticles included spheres, triangles, and hexagons. Optimization studies revealed that the maximum rate of synthesis could be achieved with 0.7 mM AgNO(3) solution at 50°C in 5 hours. The resulting silver nanoparticles were found to possess potent antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Beta-lactam (piperacillin) and macrolide (eryth-romycin) antibiotics showed a 3.6-fold and 3-fold increase, respectively, in combination with silver nanoparticles selectively against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Notable synergy was seen between silver nanoparticles and chloramphenicol or vancomycin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and was supported by a 4.9-fold and 4.2-fold increase in zone diameter, respectively. Similarly, we found a maximum 11.8-fold increase in zone diameter of streptomycin when combined with silver nanoparticles against E. coli, providing strong evidence for the synergistic action of a combination of antibiotics and silver nanoparticles. CONCLUSION This is the first report on the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using D. bulbifera tuber extract followed by an estimation of its synergistic potential for enhancement of the antibacterial activity of broad spectrum antimicrobial agents.
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Mane RS, Ghosh S, Singh S, Chopade BA, Dhavale DD. Synthesis of anomeric 1,5-anhydrosugars as conformationally locked selective α-mannosidase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:6720-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Revised: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 09/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Singh S, Joshi P, Chopade BA. Pathway Analysis of Acinetobacter baylyi: A Combined Bioinformatic and Genomics Approach. Chem Biol Drug Des 2011; 78:893-905. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2011.01191.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Rokhbakhsh-Zamin F, Sachdev D, Kazemi-Pour N, Engineer A, Pardesi KR, Zinjarde SS, Dhakephalkar PK, Chopade BA. Characterization of Plant-Growth-Promoting Traits of Acinetobacter Species Isolated from Rhizosphere of Pennisetum glaucum. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2011. [DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1012.12006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Pour NK, Dusane DH, Dhakephalkar PK, Zamin FR, Zinjarde SS, Chopade BA. Biofilm formation by Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from urinary tract infection and urinary catheters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 62:328-38. [PMID: 21569125 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2011.00818.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Fifty Acinetobacter isolates were obtained from urinary tract infections and urinary catheter samples. Analytical profile index assays identified 47 isolates as Acinetobacter baumannii and three as Acinetobacter lwoffii. Six A. baumannii isolates (A1-A6) displayed hydrophobicity indices >70%. Twenty isolates exhibited lectin activity. Biofilm formation by these isolates was compared with those with low hydrophobicity index values (A45-A50). Biofilms on different surfaces were confirmed by light microscopy, epifluorescence microscopy and by obtaining scanning electron microscope images. Biofilm production was maximal at 30 °C, pH 7.0 in a medium with 5.0 g L(-1) NaCl, and its efficiency was reduced on urinary catheter surfaces at sub-minimum inhibitory concentration concentrations of colistin. Plasmid-mediated antibiotic resistance was observed in selected isolates of A. baumannii and experiments of conjugation and transformation showed the occurrence of gene transfer. Plasmid curing was used to examine the function of plasmids. Five plasmids of A. baumannii A3 were cured but no differences were observed between wild-type and plasmid-cured strains with respect to the biofilm formation capabilities. The prevalence of A. baumannii strains with biofilm mode of growth could explain their ability to persist in clinical environments and their role in device-related infections.
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Rokhbakhsh-Zamin F, Sachdev D, Kazemi-Pour N, Engineer A, Pardesi KR, Zinjarde S, Dhakephalkar PK, Chopade BA. Characterization of plant-growth-promoting traits of Acinetobacter species isolated from rhizosphere of Pennisetum glaucum. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 21:556-566. [PMID: 21715961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A total of 31 Acinetobacter isolates were obtained from the rhizosphere of Pennisetum glaucum and evaluated for their plant-growth-promoting traits. Two isolates, namely Acinetobacter sp. PUCM1007 and A. baumannii PUCM1029, produced indole acetic acid (10-13 microgram/ml). A total of 26 and 27 isolates solubilized phosphates and zinc oxide, respectively. Among the mineral-solubilizing strains, A. calcoaceticus PUCM1006 solubilized phosphate most efficiently (84 mg/ml), whereas zinc oxide was solubilized by A. calcoaceticus PUCM1025 at the highest solubilization efficiency of 918%. All the Acinetobacter isolates, except PUCM1010, produced siderophores. The highest siderophore production (85.0 siderophore units) was exhibited by A. calcoaceticus PUCM1016. Strains PUCM1001 and PUCM1019 (both A. calcoaceticus) and PUCM1022 (Acinetobacter sp.) produced both hydroxamate- and catechol-type siderophores, whereas all the other strains only produced catechol-type siderophores. In vitro inhibition of Fusarium oxysporum under iron-limited conditions was demonstrated by the siderophore-producing Acinetobacter strains, where PUCM1018 was the most potent inhibitor of the fungal phytopathogen. Acinetobacter sp. PUCM1022 significantly enhanced the shoot height, root length, and root dry weights of pearl millet seedlings in pot experiments when compared with controls, underscoring the plant-growth-promoting potential of these isolates.
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Mane RS, Ghosh S, Chopade BA, Reiser O, Dhavale DD. Synthesis of an Adenine Nucleoside Containing the (8′R) Epimeric Carbohydrate Core of Amipurimycin and Its Biological Study. J Org Chem 2011; 76:2892-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jo102193q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Pawar VU, Ghosh S, Chopade BA, Shinde VS. Design and synthesis of harzialactone analogues: promising anticancer agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:7243-5. [PMID: 21074431 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.10.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Revised: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
New homologues of harzialactone were synthesized using D-glucose as chiral template. Wittig reaction to introduce aromatic moiety in 10 and chemoselective anomeric oxidation of 13 were used as key reactions in our synthesis. Anticancer activity of these target molecules was assessed against five cancer cell lines, P388D1, HL60, COLO-205, Zr-75-1 and HeLa. Both compound 5 and 6, showed significant activity against colon cancer (COLO-205) and cervical cancer (HeLa) and moderate with others. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of harzialactone analogues as potent inhibitors of human colon and cervical cancer.
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Satpute SK, Banpurkar AG, Dhakephalkar PK, Banat IM, Chopade BA. Methods for investigating biosurfactants and bioemulsifiers: a review. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2010; 30:127-44. [PMID: 20210700 DOI: 10.3109/07388550903427280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms produce biosurfactant (BS)/bioemulsifier (BE) with wide structural and functional diversity which consequently results in the adoption of different techniques to investigate these diverse amphiphilic molecules. This review aims to compile information on different microbial screening methods, surface active products extraction procedures, and analytical terminologies used in this field. Different methods for screening microbial culture broth or cell biomass for surface active compounds production are also presented and their possible advantages and disadvantages highlighted. In addition, the most common methods for purification, detection, and structure determination for a wide range of BS and BE are introduced. Simple techniques such as precipitation using acetone, ammonium sulphate, solvent extraction, ultrafiltration, ion exchange, dialysis, ultrafiltration, lyophilization, isoelectric focusing (IEF), and thin layer chromatography (TLC) are described. Other more elaborate techniques including high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), infra red (IR), gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and fast atom bombardment mass spectroscopy (FAB-MS), protein digestion and amino acid sequencing are also elucidated. Various experimental strategies including static light scattering and hydrodynamic characterization for micelles have been discussed. A combination of various analytical methods are often essential in this area of research and a numbers of trials and errors to isolate, purify and characterize various surface active agents are required. This review introduces the various methodologies that are indispensable for studying biosurfactants and bioemulsifiers.
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Satpute SK, Banat IM, Dhakephalkar PK, Banpurkar AG, Chopade BA. Biosurfactants, bioemulsifiers and exopolysaccharides from marine microorganisms. Biotechnol Adv 2010; 28:436-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2010.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2009] [Revised: 12/12/2009] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Sanap SP, Ghosh S, Jabgunde AM, Pinjari RV, Gejji SP, Singh S, Chopade BA, Dhavale DD. Synthesis, computational study and glycosidase inhibitory activity of polyhydroxylated conidine alkaloids--a bicyclic iminosugar. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:3307-15. [PMID: 20517582 DOI: 10.1039/c004690f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New bicyclic conidine iminosugars 1d and 1e were synthesized from D-glucose. Thus, D-glucose was converted to sugar beta-amino acids 3a and 3b in good yields. Individual treatment of 3a/3b with the Mukaiyama reagent afforded sugar beta-lactams 4a/4b that on reduction with LiAlH(4)/AlCl(3) gave azetidines 5a/5b with a sugar appendage. Reductive aminocyclization of sugar azetidines 5a/5b afforded the corresponding conidine iminosugars 1d/1e. Based on the (1)H NMR and DFT calculation studies the conformation of 1d was assigned as half chair A2 and that of 1e as a boat B2. The glycosidase inhibitory activities of 1d and 1e such as alpha-mannosidase, alpha-glucosidase and alpha-galactosidase were studied. The alpha-amylase activity was compared with acarbose. Compound 1d was found to be a moderate inhibitor of glycosidases while 1e was noticed to be a good inhibitor of alpha-mannosidase and a moderate inhibitor of other glycosidases. These results were substantiated by molecular docking studies using WHAT IF software and the AUTODOCK 3.0 program.
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Satpute SK, Bhuyan SS, Pardesi KR, Mujumdar SS, Dhakephalkar PK, Shete AM, Chopade BA. Molecular Genetics of Biosurfactant Synthesis in Microorganisms. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 672:14-41. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-5979-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Sachdev DP, Chaudhari HG, Kasture VM, Dhavale DD, Chopade BA. Isolation and characterization of indole acetic acid (IAA) producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strains from rhizosphere of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and their effect on plant growth. INDIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY 2009; 47:993-1000. [PMID: 20329704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken for isolation of Klebsiella strains from rhizosphere of wheat (T. aestivum), screening and characterization of these strains for in vitro indole acetic acid (IAA) production and studying the effect of these strains on plant growth under gnotobiotic conditions. Nine strains of Klebsiella were isolated from rhizosphere of wheat (var. Lokwan) and identified as K. pneumoniae by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Six K. pneumoniae strains showed in vitro IAA production. Colorimetric analysis showed that K8 produced maximum IAA (27.5 mg l(-1)) in the presence of tryptophan (1 mg ml(-1)) at 72 h of incubation with optimum conditions as pH 8.0, 37 degrees C and 0.5% (w/v) NaCl concentration. GC-MS analysis and IR studies confirmed presence of IAA in the cell filtrates of strain K8. Effect of six IAA producing Klebsiella strains on plant growth was studied by performing series of seed germination tests using moth bean seeds under axenic conditions and pot experiments using sterilized soil and wheat seeds (var. Lokwan). Strain K11 and K42 demonstrated increase in root length of inoculated moth beans (approximately 92.71% over the control). Results of pot experiments indicated that almost all the six IAA producing Klebsiella strains significantly increased the root length and shoot height of inoculated wheat seedlings over the control. The results suggest that these are promising isolates from wheat rhizosphere and merits research on appliance of these strains in agriculture.
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Patwardhan RB, Dhakephalkar PK, Niphadkar KB, Chopade BA. A study on nosocomial pathogens in ICU with special reference to multiresistant Acinetobacter baumannii harbouring multiple plasmids. Indian J Med Res 2008; 128:178-187. [PMID: 19001682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Antibiotic resistant bacterial nosocomial infections are a leading problem in intensive care units (ICU). Present investigation was undertaken to know antibiotic resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii and some other pathogens obtained from clinical samples from ICU causing nosocomial infections. Special emphasis was given on plasmid mediated transferable antibiotic resistance in Acinetobacter. METHODS The clinical specimens obtained from ICU, were investigated to study distribution of nosocomial pathogens (272) and their antibiotic resistance profile. Acinetobacter isolates were identified by API2ONE system. Antimicrobial resistance was studied with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by double dilution agar plate method. The plasmid profile of 26 antibiotic resistant isolates of Acinetobacter was studied. Curing of R-plasmids was determined in three antibiotic resistant plasmid containing A. baumannii isolates. Plasmid transfer was studied by transformation. RESULTS Major infections found in ICU were due to Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. The infection rate was maximum in urinary tract (44.4%) followed by wound infections (29.4%), pneumonia (10.7%) and bronchitis (7.4%). Acinetobacter isolates displayed high level of antibiotic resistance (up to 1024microg/ml) to most of antibiotics. More than 90 per cent isolates of Acinetobacter were resistant to a minimum of 23 antibiotics. Plasmid profile of Acinetobacter isolates showed presence of 1-4 plasmids. Ethidium bromide cured plasmids pUPI280, pUPI281, pUPI282 with curing efficiencies 20, 16 and 11 per cent respectively while acridine orange cured plasmids pUPI280, pUPI281 with curing efficiencies 7 and 18 per cent retrospectively. Transformation frequency of E. coli HB101 with pUPI281 was 4.3 x 10(4) transformants/microg plasmid DNA. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS A. baumannii was found to be associated with urinary tract infections, respiratory tract infections, septicaemia, bacteraemia, meningitis and wound infections. A. baumannii displayed higher resistance to more number of antibiotics than other nosocomial pathogens from ICU. Antibiotic sensitivity of A. baumannii cured isolates confirmed plasmid borne nature of antibiotic resistance markers. Transfer of antibiotic resistant plasmids from Acinetobacter to other nosocomial pathogens can create complications in the treatment of the patient. Therefore, it is very important to target Acinetobacter which is associated with nosocomial infections.
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Yavankar SP, Pardesi KR, Chopade BA. Species distribution and physiological characterization of Acinetobacter genospecies from healthy human skin of tribal population in India. Indian J Med Microbiol 2008; 25:336-45. [PMID: 18087081 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.37335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various reports on distribution of Acinetobacter spp. from healthy human skin restricted to urban population. However, no such data is available from healthy human skin of tribal population not exposed to modern antibiotics during their life time. PURPOSE Isolation, biotyping, distribution and physiological characterisation of Acinetobacter spp. from healthy human skin of tribal population. METHODS Tribal population of Toranmal area of Satpuda Ranges, Maharashtra, India were sampled for ten body sites. Tentative Acinetobacter isolates were confirmed to the genus level by chromosomal DNA transformation assay and to species level using Bouvet and Grimont system. Novel physiological characteristics like pH, temperature and salt tolerance were studied. All strains were screened for production of various enzymes. RESULTS One hundred and eighteen strains were isolated, which belonged to nine Acinetobacter genospecies. A. haemolyticus was most abundant followed by A. calcoaceticus and A. genospecies 1-3. Higher percentage of Acinetobacter was recovered from skin of nose, Pawara tribe and female volunteers. They showed wide variation in temperature, salt and pH tolerance. Most of the strains could produce enzymes viz, lipase, esterase, urease and amylase. CONCLUSIONS Acinetobacter spp. belonging to nine genospecies were obtained in the present study. Physiological characteristics including high salt, temperature and acidic pH tolerance were helpful to differentiate between the commensal and pathogenic species of Acinetobacter genus.
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Yavankar SP, Pardesi KR, Chopade BA. SPECIES DISTRIBUTION AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ACINETOBACTER GENOSPECIES FROM HEALTHY HUMAN SKIN OF TRIBAL POPULATION IN INDIA. Indian J Med Microbiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0255-0857(21)02047-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Pardesi KR, Yavankar SP, Chopade BA. Plasmid distribution & antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Acinetobacter genospecies from healthy skin of a tribal population in western India. Indian J Med Res 2007; 125:79-88. [PMID: 17332660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Acinetobacter spp., the only Gram negative commensal found on human skin are emerging nosocomial pathogens, and are rapidly developing multiple drug resistance. Most studies in India and over the world are on clinical and environmental Acinetobacter isolates. The present investigation was undertaken to study plasmid distribution and antibiotic resistance profile of Acinetobacter genospecies isolated from healthy human skin of a tribal population from western India. METHODS One hundred and eighteen strains of Acinetobacter spp. were isolated from healthy human skin and biochemically classified into nine genospecies. Plasmid profiles were determined using four standard methods with minor modifications and by a commercial kit. Molecular weights were determined by comparison with standard plasmids pUC19, pBR322, RP4 and molecular weight marker, V517. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Acinetobacter genospecies to 30 antibiotics belonging to different groups was determined using Kirby Bauer method. RESULTS All isolates, except two showed a maximum of three plasmids with molecular size 1.5 to 40 kb. Five different plasmid types were observed. Only eight strains had one or two stably maintained low molecular weight plasmids in addition to 40 kb plasmid seen in most of the strains. Quinolones and aminoglycosides were most active group followed by, cephalosporins and beta lactams. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION Acinetobacter spp. isolated from the tribal skin flora had low number of plasmids as compared to clinical and environmental isolates. Acinetobacter spp. harbouring low molecular weight plasmids were found to be sensitive to most of the antibiotics tested suggesting these might be coding for some other novel properties or may be cryptic, whereas, those having 40 kb plasmid showed intermediate to low level resistance to some antibiotics.
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Huddedar SB, Shete AM, Tilekar JN, Gore SD, Dhavale DD, Chopade BA. Isolation, characterization, and plasmid pUPI126-mediated indole-3-acetic acid production in acinetobacter strains from rhizosphere of wheat. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2002; 102-103:21-39. [PMID: 12396108 DOI: 10.1385/abab:102-103:1-6:021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Thirty-seven strains of Acinetobacter isolated and characterized from rhizosphere of wheat were screened for indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production. Only eight Acinetobacter strains showed IAA production. The genus Acinetobacter was confirmed by chromosomal DNA transformation assay. Biotyping of eight strains was carried out and they were found to be genospecies of A. junii, A. baumannii, A. genospecies 3, and A. haemolyticus. Five of eight strains produced IAA at the early stationary phase: A. haemolyticus (A19), A. baumannii (A18, A16, A13), and Acinetobactergenospecies 3 (A15). A. junii A6 showed maximum IAA production at log phase and A. genospecies 3 and A. baumannii (A28, A30) at late stationary phase. IAA was extracted by ethyl acetate and purified by preparative thin-layer chromatography. Purified IAA was confirmed by 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectrum analysis. Pot experiments showed a significant increase in plant growth inoculated with eight Acinetobacter genospecies as compared to control plants. IAA production was found to be encoded by plasmid pUPI126. All eight strains of Acinetobacter contain a plasmid pUPI126 with a molecular weight of 40 kb. Plasmid pUPI126 was transformed into Escherichia coli HB101 at a frequency of 5 x 10(-5), and E. coli HB101 (pUPI126) transformants also showed IAA activity. PUPI126 also encoded resistance to selenium, tellurium, and lead. This is the first report of plasmid-encoded IAA production in the genus Acinetobacter.
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Patil JR, Chopade BA. Studies on bioemulsifier production by Acinetobacter strains isolated from healthy human skin. J Appl Microbiol 2001; 91:290-8. [PMID: 11473593 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2001.01382.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS In recent years, interest has been growing in the search for novel bioemulsifiers. Many bacterial genera including Acinetobacter have been reported to produce bioemulsifiers. The present study aims to screen Acinetobacter isolates from healthy human skin for bioemulsifier production. METHODS AND RESULTS Acinetobacter junii SC14 produced maximum bioemulsifier in the presence of almond oil during stationary growth phase at 37 degrees C and pH 7.2. Partially purified, nondialysable bioemulsifier from SC14 was a proteoglycan. The protein and polysaccharide fractions resulted in 95.2% reconstitution of the emulsification activity. The role of esterase in the release of cell-bound emulsifier and the contribution of capsular polysaccharide to the emulsification activity were observed. CONCLUSION Acinetobacter strains from human skin exhibited better emulsification activity than that by burn wound or soil isolates, owing to the inherent differences in chemical microenvironment of their habitats. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Investigation of skin commensals, especially acinetobacters, would lead to the discovery of novel bioemulsifiers with interesting properties. Attempts of screening and strain improvement directed towards skin commensals will open up new avenues for strains producing bioemulsifier on a commercial scale.
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